GUC-6 Report, Draft, Revised 10-1221(Final) Hb11-0328
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GAO-10-799 Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites
United States Government Accountability Office Report to Congressional Committees GAO September 2010 GEOSTATIONARY OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL SATELLITES Improvements Needed in Continuity Planning and Involvement of Key Users GAO-10-799 September 2010 Accountability Integrity Reliability GEOSTATIONARY OPERATIONAL Highlights ENVIRONMENTAL SATELLITES Highlights of GAO-10-799, a report to Improvements Needed in Continuity Planning and congressional committees Involvement of Key Users Why GAO Did This Study What GAO Found The Department of Commerce’s NOAA has made progress on the GOES-R acquisition, but key instruments National Oceanic and Atmospheric have experienced challenges and important milestones have been delayed. Administration (NOAA), with the The GOES-R program awarded key contracts for its flight and ground aid of the National Aeronautics and projects, and these are in development. However, two instruments have Space Administration (NASA), is to experienced technical issues that led to contract cost increases, and procure the next generation of significant work remains on other development efforts. In addition, since geostationary operational environmental satellites, called 2006, the launch dates of the first two satellites in the series have been Geostationary Operational delayed by about 3 years. As a result, NOAA may not be able to meet its policy Environmental Satellite-R (GOES- of having a backup satellite in orbit at all times, which could lead to a gap in R) series. The GOES-R series is to coverage if GOES-14 or GOES-15 fails prematurely (see graphic). replace the current series of satellites, which will likely begin to Potential Gap in GOES Coverage reach the end of their useful lives in approximately 2015. -
ISEE 1 and 2 OBSERVATION of the SPATIAL STRUCTURE of a COMPRESSIONAL Pc5 WAVE
GEOPHYSICALRESEARCH LETTERS, VOL. 12, NO. 9, PAGES 613-616, SEPTEMBER1985 ISEE 1 AND 2 OBSERVATION OF THE SPATIAL STRUCTURE OF A COMPRESSIONAL Pc5 WAVE Ka zue Takahashi University of California, Los Alamos National Laboratory ChristopherT. Russell1 Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California Los Angeles Roger R. Anderson Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Iowa Abstract. A compressional Pc5 wave was [Russell, 1978]. The da•taare presented in a observed on an ISEE 1 and 2 outbound path on coordinate system where H (9orth) is antiparallel September 28, 1981 at L = 5.6-7.3 near the •to t•he ge•omagneticdipole, D is eastward and magnetic equator at ~10 hr local time during the V = D x H is approximately radially outward. Note recovery phase of a geomagnetic storm. The wave that only deviations from the Olson-Pfizer model propagated westward with a large azimuthal wave field [Olson and Pfttzer, 1977] are plotted. The number of ~30 and exhibited in-phase oscillations total component (not plotted) is essentially the of plasma density and magnetic field magnitude. same as the H component. During this event, component-dependent variations The compressional Pc5 wave was present between in phase and amplitude were observed for the 0400 and 0510 UT. During this interval, the L magnetic field oscillations. The radial and value, local time, and magnetic latitude of the compressional components had a constant phase and satellite changed from (5.6, 0930, 8.2 ø) to (7.3, their amplitude was finite. In contrast, the 1010, 1.9ø). Throughout the wave event the V azimuthal component changed its phase by 180ø and component oscillated without any phase variation its amplitude became zero during the middle of the and had a period of ~400 s. -
ASTRONAUTICS and AERONAUTICS, 1977 a Chronology
NASA SP--4022 ASTRONAUTICS AND AERONAUTICS, 1977 A Chronology Eleanor H. Ritchie ' The NASA History Series Scientific and Technical Information Branch 1986 National Aeronautics and Space Administration Washington, DC Four spacecraft launched by NASA in 1977: left to right, top, ESA’s Geos 1 and NASA’s Heao 1; bottom, ESA’s Isee 2 on NASA’s Isee 1, and Italy’s Wo. (NASA 77-H-157,77-H-56, 77-H-642, 77-H-484) Contents Preface ...................................................... v January ..................................................... 1 February .................................................... 21 March ...................................................... 47 April ....................................................... 61 May ........................................................ 77 June ...................................................... 101 July ....................................................... 127 August .................................................... 143 September ................................................. 165 October ................................................... 185 November ................................................. 201 December .................................................. 217 Appendixes A . Satellites, Space Probes, and Manned Space Flights, 1977 .......237 B .Major NASA Launches, 1977 ............................... 261 C. Manned Space Flights, 1977 ................................ 265 D . NASA Sounding Rocket Launches, 1977 ..................... 267 E . Abbreviations of References -
A B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
A B 1 Name of Satellite, Alternate Names Country of Operator/Owner 2 AcrimSat (Active Cavity Radiometer Irradiance Monitor) USA 3 Afristar USA 4 Agila 2 (Mabuhay 1) Philippines 5 Akebono (EXOS-D) Japan 6 ALOS (Advanced Land Observing Satellite; Daichi) Japan 7 Alsat-1 Algeria 8 Amazonas Brazil 9 AMC-1 (Americom 1, GE-1) USA 10 AMC-10 (Americom-10, GE 10) USA 11 AMC-11 (Americom-11, GE 11) USA 12 AMC-12 (Americom 12, Worldsat 2) USA 13 AMC-15 (Americom-15) USA 14 AMC-16 (Americom-16) USA 15 AMC-18 (Americom 18) USA 16 AMC-2 (Americom 2, GE-2) USA 17 AMC-23 (Worldsat 3) USA 18 AMC-3 (Americom 3, GE-3) USA 19 AMC-4 (Americom-4, GE-4) USA 20 AMC-5 (Americom-5, GE-5) USA 21 AMC-6 (Americom-6, GE-6) USA 22 AMC-7 (Americom-7, GE-7) USA 23 AMC-8 (Americom-8, GE-8, Aurora 3) USA 24 AMC-9 (Americom 9) USA 25 Amos 1 Israel 26 Amos 2 Israel 27 Amsat-Echo (Oscar 51, AO-51) USA 28 Amsat-Oscar 7 (AO-7) USA 29 Anik F1 Canada 30 Anik F1R Canada 31 Anik F2 Canada 32 Apstar 1 China (PR) 33 Apstar 1A (Apstar 3) China (PR) 34 Apstar 2R (Telstar 10) China (PR) 35 Apstar 6 China (PR) C D 1 Operator/Owner Users 2 NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Jet Propulsion Laboratory Government 3 WorldSpace Corp. Commercial 4 Mabuhay Philippines Satellite Corp. Commercial 5 Institute of Space and Aeronautical Science, University of Tokyo Civilian Research 6 Earth Observation Research and Application Center/JAXA Japan 7 Centre National des Techniques Spatiales (CNTS) Government 8 Hispamar (subsidiary of Hispasat - Spain) Commercial 9 SES Americom (SES Global) Commercial -
Early Contributions to Today's JPSS Initiatives As Seen from the First
TIROS-1 Established the Foundation for Today’s Remarkable JPSS and GOES-R Satellite Systems Gerald J. Dittberner* CIRA, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO and Thomas H. Vonder Haar Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO *[email protected] Presented at the 16th Annual Symposium on New Generation Operational Environmental Satellite Systems, 100th American Meteorological Society Annual Meeting, Boston, MA, January 13, 2020 1 Outline JPSS TIROS ✦ The Path to Polar and Geostationary Systems th ✦ Celebrate the 60 anniversary of TIROS-1 ✦ The first operational weather satellite (1 Apr 1960) ✦ Satellites and Instruments ✦ Milestones ✦ Meteorology: Early initiatives for Operational Applications Dittberner and Vonder Haar, CIRA, Colorado State University 2 First Color Image from Space - JPSS TIROS Aerobee Rocket (1954) Source: Hubert and Berg, 1944 Dittberner and Vonder Haar, CIRA, Colorado State University 3 Diverse Collaborators Initiated Weather Satellites JPSS TIROS IGY Satellites TIROS Satellites 1955 - 1958 1958+ National Academies NASA* Designated to Coordinate Planning: Sponsor & Coordinate Execution - Army Signal Corps Rsrch Lab (Payload) - US Weather Bureau (Data Handling) - Naval Rsrch Lab (Vanguard Team) - Army Signal Corps Rsrch Lab (Payload) - Army Corps of Engineers - Naval Rsrch Lab (Vanguard Team) - Army Ballistic Missile Agency (Explorer) - Industries (esp. RCA) - Industries (esp. RCA) - Universities (Univ Iowa esp) - Universities (esp. Univ Iowa) - WWW (International Cooperation) - ARPA* Office of Naval Research* National Science Foundation* *sponsor transferring from ONR and NSF during IGY Source: A. Callahan, 2013 Dittberner and Vonder Haar, CIRA, Colorado State University 4 TIROS-1 JPSS TIROS Equipped with two TV cameras and two video recorders, the spacecraft orbited 450 miles above Earth, relaying nearly 20,000 images of clouds and storm systems moving across our planet. -
Chronology of NASA Expendable Vehicle Missions Since 1990
Chronology of NASA Expendable Vehicle Missions Since 1990 Launch Launch Date Payload Vehicle Site1 June 1, 1990 ROSAT (Roentgen Satellite) Delta II ETR, 5:48 p.m. EDT An X-ray observatory developed through a cooperative program between Germany, the U.S., and (Delta 195) LC 17A the United Kingdom. Originally proposed by the Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik (MPE) and designed, built and operated in Germany. Launched into Earth orbit on a U.S. Air Force vehicle. Mission ended after almost nine years, on Feb. 12, 1999. July 25, 1990 CRRES (Combined Radiation and Release Effects Satellite) Atlas I ETR, 3:21 p.m. EDT NASA payload. Launched into a geosynchronous transfer orbit for a nominal three-year mission to (AC-69) LC 36B investigate fields, plasmas, and energetic particles inside the Earth's magnetosphere. Due to onboard battery failure, contact with the spacecraft was lost on Oct. 12, 1991. May 14, 1991 NOAA-D (TIROS) (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration-D) Atlas-E WTR, 11:52 a.m. EDT A Television Infrared Observing System (TIROS) satellite. NASA-developed payload; USAF (Atlas 50-E) SLC 4 vehicle. Launched into sun-synchronous polar orbit to allow the satellite to view the Earth's entire surface and cloud cover every 12 hours. Redesignated NOAA-12 once in orbit. June 29, 1991 REX (Radiation Experiment) Scout 216 WTR, 10:00 a.m. EDT USAF payload; NASA vehicle. Launched into 450 nm polar orbit. Designed to study scintillation SLC 5 effects of the Earth's atmosphere on RF transmissions. 114th launch of Scout vehicle. -
Centaur Launches
Centaur Launch Record 1962 -2012 No Veh No Date Failure Payload Launch Vehicle Mgmt. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Centaur Developmental Program 1 AC- 1 05.09.1962 F* Centaur AC-1 Atlas-LV3C Centaur-A MSFC 2 AC- 2 11.27.1963 Centaur AC-2 Atlas-LV3C Centaur-B Lewis 3 AC- 3 06.30.1964 F Centaur AC-3 Atlas-LV3C Centaur-C Lewis 4 AC- 4 12.11.1964 Surveyor-Model -1 Atlas-LV3C Centaur-C Lewis 5 AC- 5 03.02.1965 F Surveyor-SD 1 Atlas-LV3C Centaur-C Lewis 6 AC- 6 08.11.1965 Surveyor-SD 2 Atlas-LV3C Centaur-D Lewis 7 AC- 8 04.07.1966 Surveyor-SD 3 Atlas-LV3C Centaur-D Lewis Centaur-D Surveyor Missions 8 AC- 10 05.30.1966 Surveyor 1 Atlas-LV3C Centaur-D Lewis 9 AC- 7 09.20.1966 Surveyor 2 Atlas-LV3C Centaur-D Lewis 10 AC- 9 10.26.1966 Surveyor-SD 4 Atlas-LV3C Centaur-D Lewis 11 AC- 12 04.17.1967 Surveyor 3 Atlas-LV3C Centaur-D Lewis 12 AC- 11 07.14.1967 Surveyor 4 Atlas-LV3C Centaur-D Lewis 13 AC- 13 09.08.1967 Surveyor 5 Atlas-LV3C Centaur-D Lewis 14 AC- 14 11.07.1967 Surveyor 6 Atlas-LV3C Centaur-D Lewis 15 AC- 15 01.07.1968 Surveyor 7 Atlas-LV3C Centaur-D Lewis Centaur-D Spacecraft and Satellites 16 AC- 17 08.10.1968 F ATS 4 Atlas-LV3C Centaur-D Lewis 17 AC- 16 12.07.1968 OAO 2 Atlas-LV3C Centaur-D Lewis 18 AC- 20 02.24.1969 Mariner 6 Atlas-LV3C Centaur-D Lewis 19 AC- 19 03.27.1969 Mariner 7 Atlas-LV3C Centaur-D Lewis 20 AC- 18 08.12.1969 ATS 5 Atlas-LV3C Centaur-D Lewis 21 AC- 21 11.30.1970 F OAO B Atlas-LV3C Centaur-D Lewis 22 AC- 25 01.25.1971 -
Gao-13-597, Geostationary Weather Satellites
United States Government Accountability Office Report to the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology, House of Representatives September 2013 GEOSTATIONARY WEATHER SATELLITES Progress Made, but Weaknesses in Scheduling, Contingency Planning, and Communicating with Users Need to Be Addressed GAO-13-597 September 2013 GEOSTATIONARY WEATHER SATELLITES Progress Made, but Weaknesses in Scheduling, Contingency Planning, and Communicating with Users Need to Be Addressed Highlights of GAO-13-597, a report to the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology, House of Representatives Why GAO Did This Study What GAO Found NOAA, with the aid of the National The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) has completed Aeronautics and Space Administration the design of its Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite-R (GOES-R) (NASA), is procuring the next series and made progress in building flight and ground components. While the generation of geostationary weather program reports that it is on track to stay within its $10.9 billion life cycle cost satellites. The GOES-R series is to estimate, it has not reported key information on reserve funds to senior replace the current series of satellites management. Also, the program has delayed interim milestones, is experiencing (called GOES-13, -14, and -15), which technical issues, and continues to demonstrate weaknesses in the development will likely begin to reach the end of of component schedules. These factors have the potential to affect the expected their useful lives in 2015. This new October 2015 launch date of the first GOES-R satellite, and program officials series is considered critical to the now acknowledge that the launch date may be delayed by 6 months. -
NOAA NESDIS Independent Review Team Final Report 2017 Preface
NOAA NESDIS Independent Review Team Final Report 2017 Preface “Progress in understanding and predicting weather is one of the great success stories of twentieth century science. Advances in basic understanding of weather dynamics and physics, the establishment of a global observing system, and the advent of numerical weather prediction put weather forecasting on a solid scientific foundation, and the deployment of weather radar and satellites together with emergency preparedness programs led to dramatic declines in deaths from severe weather phenomena such as hurricanes and tornadoes.“ “The Atmospheric Sciences Entering the Twenty-First Century”, National Academy of Sciences, 1998. 2 Acknowledgements ▪ The following organizations provided numerous briefings, detailed discussions and extensive background material to this Independent Review Team (IRT): – National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) – National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) – Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite R-Series (GOES-R) Program Office – Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) Program Office – NOAA/National Environmental Satellite, Data, and information Service (NESDIS) IRT Liaison Support Staff • Kelly Turner Government IRT Liaison • Charles Powell Government IRT Liaison • Michelle Winstead NOAA Support • Kevin Belanga NESDIS Support • Brian Mischel NESDIS Support ▪ This IRT is grateful for their quality support and commitment to NESDIS’ mission necessary for this assessment. 3 Overview ▪ Objective ▪ NESDIS IRT History ▪ Methodology -
Committee on the Societal and Economic Impacts of Severe Space Weather Events: a Workshop
Committee on the Societal and Economic Impacts of Severe Space Weather Events: A Workshop Space Studies Board Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS 500 Fifth Street, N.W. Washington, DC 20001 NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance. This study is based on work supported by the Contract NASW-01001 between the National Academy of Sciences and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this pub- lication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the agency that provided support for the project. Cover: (Upper left) A looping eruptive prominence blasted out from a powerful active region on July 29, 2005, and within an hour had broken away from the Sun. Active regions are areas of strong magnetic forces. Image courtesy of SOHO, a project of international cooperation between the European Space Agency and NASA. International Standard Book Number 13: 978-0-309-12769-1 International Standard Book Number 10: 0-309-12769-6 Copies of this report are available free of charge from: Space Studies Board National Research Council 500 Fifth Street, N.W. Washington, DC 20001 Additional copies of this report are available from the National Academies Press, 500 Fifth Street, N.W., Lockbox 285, Wash- ington, DC 20055; (800) 624-6242 or (202) 334-3313 (in the Washington metropolitan area); Internet, http://www.nap.edu. -
From the Geostationary Ring
Preprints (www.preprints.org) | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 3 November 2020 doi:10.20944/preprints202009.0629.v2 Article GEO-GEO Stereo-Tracking of Atmospheric Motion Vectors (AMVs) from the Geostationary Ring James L. Carr 1,* , Dong L. Wu 2 , Jaime Daniels 3 , Mariel D. Friberg 2,4 , Wayne Bresky 5 and Houria Madani 1 1 Carr Astronautics, 6404 Ivy Lane, Suite 333, Greenbelt, MD 20770, USA; [email protected] 2 NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20770, USA; [email protected] 3 NOAA/NESDIS Center for Satellite Applications and Research, College Park, MD 20740, USA 4 Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, MD 21046, USA 5 I.M. Systems Group (IMSG), Rockville, MD 20852, USA * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Height assignment is an important problem for satellite measurements of Atmospheric Motion Vectors (AMVs) that are interpreted as winds by forecast and assimilation systems. Stereo methods assign heights to AMVs from the parallax observed between observations from different vantage points in orbit while tracking cloud or moisture features. In this paper, we fully develop the stereo method to jointly retrieve wind vectors with their geometric heights from geostationary satellite pairs. Synchronization of observations between observing systems is not required. NASA and NOAA stereo-winds codes have implemented this method and we have processed large datasets from GOES-16, -17, and Himawari-8. Our retrievals are validated against rawinsonde observations and demonstrate the potential to improve forecast skill. Stereo winds also offer an important mitigation for the loop heat pipe anomaly on GOES-17 during times when warm focal plane temperatures cause infra-red channels that are needed for operational height assignments to fail. -
Calibración De Datos De Nubes De Ceniza Para Los Volcanes Mexicanos
Laboratorio Nacional de Observación de la Tierra, Instituto de Geografía, UNAM. Lilia de Lourdes Manzo Delgado, Víctor Manuel Jiménez Escudero, Jorge Prado Molina y Colvert Gómez Rubio. Actividad 2 Desarrollo de algoritmos para la Detección de Puntos de Calor (DPC) para México. 2.4. Elaboración de Reporte de DPC CENTRO NACIONAL DE PREVENCIÓN DE DESASTRES, MÉXICO Número de convenio 52769-1829-7-VI-18 Marzo de 2019 2.4. Elaboración del Reporte. Índice 1. RECOPILACIÓN DE INFORMACIÓN BIBLIOGRÁFICA. ............................................................................. 5 1.1 RESUMEN DEL CAPÍTULO………………………………………………………………………….5 1.2. INTRODUCCIÓN. ...................................................................................................................... 5 1.3. OBJETIVO del CAPÍTULO. ....................................................................................................... 6 1.4. ASPECTOS GENERALES DE LOS INCENDIOS FORESTALES. ........................................... 6 1.4.1. ¿Qué es el fuego? ........................................................................................................................... 6 1.4.2. ¿Qué es un incendio forestal? ........................................................................................................ 7 1.4.3. Tipos de incendios forestales. ......................................................................................................... 7 1.5. ESTADO DE LA CUESTIÓN (ANTECEDENTES). .................................................................. 10