Committee on the Societal and Economic Impacts of Severe Space Weather Events: a Workshop
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Doc.10100.Space Weather Manual FINAL DRAFT Version
Doc 10100 Manual on Space Weather Information in Support of International Air Navigation Approved by the Secretary General and published under his authority First Edition – 2018 International Civil Aviation Organization TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Chapter 1. Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 1-1 1.1 General ............................................................................................................................................... 1-1 1.2 Space weather indicators .................................................................................................................... 1-1 1.3 The hazards ........................................................................................................................................ 1-2 1.4 Space weather mitigation aspects ....................................................................................................... 1-3 1.5 Coordinating the response to a space weather event ......................................................................... 1-3 Chapter 2. Space Weather Phenomena and Aviation Operations ................................................................. 2-1 2.1 General ............................................................................................................................................... 2-1 2.2 Geomagnetic storms .......................................................................................................................... -
Analysis of Geomagnetic Storms in South Atlantic Magnetic Anomaly (SAMA)
Analysis of geomagnetic storms in South Atlantic Magnetic Anomaly (SAMA) Júlia Maria Soja Sampaio, Elder Yokoyama, Luciana Figueiredo Prado Copyright 2019, SBGf - Sociedade Brasileira de Geofísica Moreover, Dst and AE indices may vary according to the This paper was prepared for presentation during the 16th International Congress of the geomagnetic field geometry, such as polar to intermediate Brazilian Geophysical Society held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 19-22 August 2019. latitudinal field variations. In this framework, fluctuations Contents of this paper were reviewed by the Technical Committee of the 16th in the geomagnetic field can occur under the influence of International Congress of the Brazilian Geophysical Society and do not necessarily represent any position of the SBGf, its officers or members. Electronic reproduction or the South Atlantic Magnetic Anomaly (SAMA). The SAMA storage of any part of this paper for commercial purposes without the written consent is a region of minimum geomagnetic field intensity values of the Brazilian Geophysical Society is prohibited. ____________________________________________________________________ at the Earth’s surface (Figure 1), and its dipole intensity is decreasing along the past 1000 years (Terra-Nova et. al., Abstract 2017). Geomagnetic storm is a major disturbance of Earth’s In this study we will compare the behavior of the types of magnetosphere resulted from the interaction of solar wind geomagnetic storms basis on AE and Dst indices. and the Earth’s magnetic field. This disturbance depends of the Earth magnetic field geometry, and varies in terms of intensity from the Poles to the Equator. This disturbance is quantified through geomagnetic indices, such as the Dst and the AE indices. -
Space UK Earth’S Surface Water
Issue #49 IN THIS ISSUE: Staring at the Sun MYSTERIOUS Helpline from Space Weightless in the Clouds MERCURY Contents News Cornwall Calling Space Weather Watcher Mapping the Route to Mars Honour for UK Astronaut New Satellite Tracks Pollution UK-France Space Deal In Pictures The Sun Features Mysterious Mercury Zero-G Science Helpline from Space Education Resources UK Space History Skylark Made in the UK Earth-i Info News Cornwall Calling The first Moon landing Cornwall Calling Credit: NASA Cornwall could soon be Antennas at Goonhilly beamed communicating with the Moon and images of the 1969 Moon landing Mars, following the announcement and, shortly after it was built in that the world’s first commercial deep 1985, the 32-metre Goonhilly-6 space communication base will be at antenna carried the historic Live Aid the Goonhilly Earth Station. concert broadcast to TV viewers An £8.4 million investment will see a around the world. two-year upgrade of the Goonhilly-6 A Space Industry Bill, announced antenna so it can communicate as part of the Queen’s speech in One of the large dishes at Goonhilly with future robotic and crewed 2017, will introduce new powers missions to the Moon and Mars. The to allow rocket and spaceplane Credit: Goonhilly Cornwall and Isles of Scilly Local launches from UK soil. Goonhilly is Enterprise Partnership’s Growth Deal also offering spacecraft tracking and the European Space Agency and communications facilities as (ESA) – which the UK Space Agency part of the Spaceport Cornwall contributes to – funded the contract, funding bid. which will allow Goonhilly to support “We see huge opportunities for ESA’s worldwide network of spacecraft the developing space sector in monitoring ground stations. -
Industry at the Edge of Space Other Springer-Praxis Books of Related Interest by Erik Seedhouse
IndustryIndustry atat thethe EdgeEdge ofof SpaceSpace ERIK SEEDHOUSE S u b o r b i t a l Industry at the Edge of Space Other Springer-Praxis books of related interest by Erik Seedhouse Tourists in Space: A Practical Guide 2008 ISBN: 978-0-387-74643-2 Lunar Outpost: The Challenges of Establishing a Human Settlement on the Moon 2008 ISBN: 978-0-387-09746-6 Martian Outpost: The Challenges of Establishing a Human Settlement on Mars 2009 ISBN: 978-0-387-98190-1 The New Space Race: China vs. the United States 2009 ISBN: 978-1-4419-0879-7 Prepare for Launch: The Astronaut Training Process 2010 ISBN: 978-1-4419-1349-4 Ocean Outpost: The Future of Humans Living Underwater 2010 ISBN: 978-1-4419-6356-7 Trailblazing Medicine: Sustaining Explorers During Interplanetary Missions 2011 ISBN: 978-1-4419-7828-8 Interplanetary Outpost: The Human and Technological Challenges of Exploring the Outer Planets 2012 ISBN: 978-1-4419-9747-0 Astronauts for Hire: The Emergence of a Commercial Astronaut Corps 2012 ISBN: 978-1-4614-0519-1 Pulling G: Human Responses to High and Low Gravity 2013 ISBN: 978-1-4614-3029-2 SpaceX: Making Commercial Spacefl ight a Reality 2013 ISBN: 978-1-4614-5513-4 E r i k S e e d h o u s e Suborbital Industry at the Edge of Space Dr Erik Seedhouse, M.Med.Sc., Ph.D., FBIS Milton Ontario Canada SPRINGER-PRAXIS BOOKS IN SPACE EXPLORATION ISBN 978-3-319-03484-3 ISBN 978-3-319-03485-0 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-03485-0 Springer Cham Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London Library of Congress Control Number: 2013956603 © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2014 This work is subject to copyright. -
Trump-Biden Differences Laid Bare in Final Debate
MOST OF WHAT WE CALL TODAY 1260 1920 1962 2008 QUOTE MANAGEMENT CONSISTS OF IN OF THE MAKING IT DIFFICULT FOR PEOPLE Qutuz, Mamluk Sultans of Egypt “Black Thursday”, start Cuban Missile Crisis: Soviet “Bloody Friday” saw many of the DAY HISTORY (1259-60), is assassinated by Bai- of stock market crash, ships approach but stop world’s stock exchanges experienced TO GET THEIR WORK DONE bars, a fellow Mamluk leader, who Dow Jones down 12.8% short of the US blockade of the worst declines in their history, with SATURDAY, OCTOBER 24, 2020 PETER DRUCKER seizes power for himself Cuba drops of around 10% in most indices News in brief Xi invokes S Korea finds no link between flu u South Chinese Korea’s forensic TOP shot, boy’s death as toll rises agency has Sudan to normalise ties military might Trump-Biden differences found no links between a 17-year-old boy’s death and a flu shot he had taken, with US in mind 4 the Yonhap news agency reported, TWEETS amid rising concerns about the safety of the vaccines following the death of at least 32 people. The boy was among with Israel, Trump says laid bare in final debate 01 the first reported to have died as part of a government campaign to vaccinate about 30 million of a population of 52 million to prevent coronavirus complications. US President Donald Trump announces that Sudan and Israel have agreed to the Donald Trump and Joe Biden fight over the raging virus, climate and race u Alessandra Korap of the Brazilian indigenous leader wins normalisation of relations Munduruku tribe Robert Kennedy rights award in the Amazon was awarded the 2020 Robert Biden mauls Trump’s ’m running as a proud F. -
Hinode Project and Science Center (Hinode-SC)
Hinode Project and Science Center (Hinode-SC) Shinsuke Imada (Nagoya Univ., ISEE) Characteristics of the Advanced Telescopes | Hinode Science Center at NAOJ 2019/10/13 22(30 For Researchers 日本語 シェア Tweet “Hinode” Unveils To do research Information Gallery For Researchers the Mysteries of the Sun using Hinode data TOP "Hinode" Unveils the Mysteries of the Sun Characteristics of the Advanced Telescopes Solar Observing Satellite "Hinode" (SOLAR-B) | Hinode Science Center at NAOJ 2019/10/13 22(29 "Hinode" Unveils Characteristics of the Advanced Telescopes the Mysteries of the For Researchers 日本語 Sun Tweet シェア Overview of “Hinode” “Hinode” Unveils To do research Characteristics of the Advanced Telescopes Solar Observing Information Gallery For Researchers Satellite "Hinode" the Mysteries of the Sun using Hinode data (SOLAR-B) The Sun's atmosphere is comprised of layers. The layers beneath the surface (photosphere) cannot be TOP "Hinode" UnveilsSolar the Mysteries of the Sun ObservingSolar Observing Satellite "Hinode" (SOLAR-B) Satelliteseen “ directly,Hinode but the upper layers ”above (SOLAR the photosphere each emit- differentB) wavelengths of lights. So, About the "Hinode" Project you can see each layer by changing the observing wavelength. By loading three telescopes observing in "Hinode" Unveils Solar Observing Satellite "Hinode" (SOLAR-B) different wavelengththe Mysteries ranges, of the Hinode can simultaneously observe from the photosphere to the corona (upper atmosphere).Sun Characteristics of the Advanced Telescopes Overview of “Hinode” -
UC Irvine UC Irvine Previously Published Works
UC Irvine UC Irvine Previously Published Works Title Astrophysics in 2006 Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5760h9v8 Journal Space Science Reviews, 132(1) ISSN 0038-6308 Authors Trimble, V Aschwanden, MJ Hansen, CJ Publication Date 2007-09-01 DOI 10.1007/s11214-007-9224-0 License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ 4.0 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Space Sci Rev (2007) 132: 1–182 DOI 10.1007/s11214-007-9224-0 Astrophysics in 2006 Virginia Trimble · Markus J. Aschwanden · Carl J. Hansen Received: 11 May 2007 / Accepted: 24 May 2007 / Published online: 23 October 2007 © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2007 Abstract The fastest pulsar and the slowest nova; the oldest galaxies and the youngest stars; the weirdest life forms and the commonest dwarfs; the highest energy particles and the lowest energy photons. These were some of the extremes of Astrophysics 2006. We attempt also to bring you updates on things of which there is currently only one (habitable planets, the Sun, and the Universe) and others of which there are always many, like meteors and molecules, black holes and binaries. Keywords Cosmology: general · Galaxies: general · ISM: general · Stars: general · Sun: general · Planets and satellites: general · Astrobiology · Star clusters · Binary stars · Clusters of galaxies · Gamma-ray bursts · Milky Way · Earth · Active galaxies · Supernovae 1 Introduction Astrophysics in 2006 modifies a long tradition by moving to a new journal, which you hold in your (real or virtual) hands. The fifteen previous articles in the series are referenced oc- casionally as Ap91 to Ap05 below and appeared in volumes 104–118 of Publications of V. -
On Magnetic Storms and Substorms
ILWS WORKSHOP 2006, GOA, FEBRUARY 19-24, 2006 On magnetic storms and substorms G. S. Lakhina, S. Alex, S. Mukherjee and G. Vichare Indian Institute of Geomagnetism, New Panvel (W), Navi Mumbai-410218, India Abstract. Magnetospheric substorms and storms are indicators of geomagnetic activity. Whereas the geomagnetic index AE (auroral electrojet) is used to study substorms, it is common to characterize the magnetic storms by the Dst (disturbance storm time) index of geomagnetic activity. This talk discusses briefly the storm-substorms relationship, and highlights some of the characteristics of intense magnetic storms, including the events of 29-31 October and 20-21 November 2003. The adverse effects of these intense geomagnetic storms on telecommunication, navigation, and on spacecraft functioning will be discussed. Index Terms. Geomagnetic activity, geomagnetic storms, space weather, substorms. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1. Introduction latitude magnetic fields are significantly depressed over a Magnetospheric storms and substorms are indicators of time span of one to a few hours followed by its recovery geomagnetic activity. Where as the magnetic storms are which may extend over several days (Rostoker, 1997). driven directly by solar drivers like Coronal mass ejections, solar flares, fast streams etc., the substorms, in simplest terms, are the disturbances occurring within the magnetosphere that are ultimately caused by the solar wind. The magnetic storms are characterized by the Dst (disturbance storm time) index of geomagnetic activity. The substorms, on the other hand, are characterized by geomagnetic AE (auroral electrojet) index. Magnetic reconnection plays an important role in energy transfer from solar wind to the magnetosphere. Magnetic reconnection is very effective when the interplanetary magnetic field is directed southwards leading to strong plasma injection from the tail towards the inner magnetosphere causing intense auroras at high-latitude nightside regions. -
Co-Aligned IRIS, SDO and Hinode Data Cubes Release 1.0
Co-aligned IRIS, SDO and Hinode data cubes Release 1.0 Milan Gošic´ Feb 26, 2020 CONTENTS 1 Introduction 1 1.1 About this Guide.............................................1 1.2 Synopsis of the IRIS, Hinode and SDO missions............................1 1.3 Hinode and SDO data cubes co-aligned with IRIS observations....................2 2 Finding and downloading IRIS-SDO-Hinode co-aligned data cubes5 2.1 Using the IRIS Webpage (HCR).....................................5 2.2 Using SSWIDL..............................................5 3 Reading and browsing IRIS-SDO-Hinode co-aligned data cubes 11 3.1 Reading level 2 co-aligned SDO and Hinode datasets.......................... 11 3.2 Browsing co-aligned SDO and Hinode data cubes with CRISPEX................... 13 i ii CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 About this Guide The purpose of this guide is to provide detailed instructions on how users can find, download, browse, and analyze co-aligned level 2 data obtained with The Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS), the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO), and Hinode/SOT level 2 data. The IRIS team at the Lockheed Martin Solar and Astrophysics Laboratory (LMSAL) created new data cubes consisting of the Hinode/SOT and SDO/AIA images co-aligned with the simultaneous IRIS observations. These datasets all have the same IRIS level 2 FITS format, therefore can be accessed and examined using the IRIS SolarSoft software. In this guide, we provide step by step instructions how to access, read, and visualize these newly created co-aligned data cubes. In particular, we describe: • How to find data using SolarSoft IDL routines; • How to acquire data sets using either SolarSoft or Heliophysics Coverage Registry (HCR); • How to read data and visualize them using SolarSoft routines or Crisp Spectral Explorer (CRISPEX). -
Development of 60Μm Pitch Cdte Double-Sided Strip Detector for FOXSI-3 Rocket Experiment
Development of 60µm pitch CdTe double-sided strip detector for FOXSI-3 rocket experiment Kento Furukawa(U-Tokyo, ISAS/JAXA) Shin'nosuke Ishikawa, Tadayuki Takahashi, Shin Watanabe(ISAS/JAXA), Koichi Hagino(Tokyo University of Science), Shin'ichiro Takeda(OIST), P.S. Athiray, Lindsay Glesener, Sophie Musset, Juliana Vievering (U. of Minnesota), Juan Camilo Buitrago Casas , Säm Krucker (SSL/UCB), and Steven Christe (NASA/GSFC) 1 2 CdTe semiconductor and diode device Cadmium Telluride semiconductor : • High density • Large atomic number • High efficiency Issue : small µτ product especially for holes 260eV(FWHM) • Uniform & thin device @6.4keV 1400V,-40℃ • Schottky Diode (Takahashi et al. 1998 ) High bias voltage full charge collection + high energy resolution Takahashi et al. (2005) 3 Application of CdTe Diode Double-sided Strip Detector Watanabe et al. 2009 Anode(Pt): Ohmic contact Cathode(Al): Schottky contact Astrophysical Application • Hard X-ray Imager(HXI) onboard Hitomi(ASTRO-H) satellite • FOXSI rocket mission Medical Application • Small animal SPECT system (OIST/JAXA) 4 Hard X-ray study of the Sun Observation Target : the Sun Corona and flare Scientific Aim • Coronal Heating (thermal emission) • Particle Acceleration (non-thermal emission ) →Sensitive Hard X-ray imaging and spectral observation is the key especially for small scale flares study Soft X-ray image by Hinode (micro and nano) (NAOJ/JAXA) So far only Indirect Imaging e.g. RHESSI spacecraft (Rotational Modulation collimator) No direct imaging in hard X-ray band for solar mission 5 FOXSI rocket mission FOXSI experiment (UCB/SSL, NASA, UMN, ISAS/JAXA) Indirect Direct Imaging Spectroscopy with Focusing Optics in Hard X-ray Hard X-ray telescopes + CdTe focal plane detectors FOXSI’s hard X-ray telescope clearly identified a micro-flare with high S/N ratio Direct Telescope Angular resolution : 5 arcsec (FWHM) Focal plane detector 50µm on focal plane Krucker et al. -
Planetary Magnetospheres
CLBE001-ESS2E November 9, 2006 17:4 100-C 25-C 50-C 75-C C+M 50-C+M C+Y 50-C+Y M+Y 50-M+Y 100-M 25-M 50-M 75-M 100-Y 25-Y 50-Y 75-Y 100-K 25-K 25-19-19 50-K 50-40-40 75-K 75-64-64 Planetary Magnetospheres Margaret Galland Kivelson University of California Los Angeles, California Fran Bagenal University of Colorado, Boulder Boulder, Colorado CHAPTER 28 1. What is a Magnetosphere? 5. Dynamics 2. Types of Magnetospheres 6. Interaction with Moons 3. Planetary Magnetic Fields 7. Conclusions 4. Magnetospheric Plasmas 1. What is a Magnetosphere? planet’s magnetic field. Moreover, unmagnetized planets in the flowing solar wind carve out cavities whose properties The term magnetosphere was coined by T. Gold in 1959 are sufficiently similar to those of true magnetospheres to al- to describe the region above the ionosphere in which the low us to include them in this discussion. Moons embedded magnetic field of the Earth controls the motions of charged in the flowing plasma of a planetary magnetosphere create particles. The magnetic field traps low-energy plasma and interaction regions resembling those that surround unmag- forms the Van Allen belts, torus-shaped regions in which netized planets. If a moon is sufficiently strongly magne- high-energy ions and electrons (tens of keV and higher) tized, it may carve out a true magnetosphere completely drift around the Earth. The control of charged particles by contained within the magnetosphere of the planet. -
1859 Carrington Event
Sun – Part 28 - 1859 Carrington event Sunspots recorded by Richard Carrington, 1859 Aurora On 1 September 1859, English astronomer Richard Carrington continued the daytime heliographic measurements of sunspots from his observatory in Surrey, which he had begun in 1857. Sunspot number had been very high ever since 28 August, but, on this particular day, he became one of the first two people to independently make the first observation of a solar flare. The other observer was Richard Hodgson, an amateur astronomer with an observatory in Essex. What they saw, with the naked eye on a projection of the Sun through a telescope onto a screen, was a 'white light flare' in the Sun's photosphere. When Carrington learned that the nearby Kew Observatory magnetometer had concurrently recorded a crochet, an instantaneous perturbation of Earth's ionosphere, he connected the two, identifying that the flare he had observed was associated with the numerous sunspots he had observed during previous days and the terrestrial effects which had been experienced on Earth. The flare was associated with a massive coronal mass ejection (CME) which had begun the 150 million km journey from the Sun 18 hours earlier (normally it takes 3-4 days for a CME to reach Earth). It was proposed that this great speed was facilitated by an earlier CME which had 'cleared the way' a few days earlier. The CME which produced the flare on 1 September 1859 was part of the largest geomagnetic storm ever recorded by ground-based magnetometers. During the 1-2 September storm, aurorae were visible around the world, those in the Northern Hemisphere observed as far south as the Caribbean and sub-Saharan Africa.