Review of Donna Zuckerberg: Not All Dead White Men
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JOURNAL FOR TRANSCULTURAL PRESENCES & DIACHRONIC IDENTITIES FROM ANTIQUITY TO DATE thersites 10/2019 Filippo Carlà-Uhink & Maja Gori (Eds.) Modern Identities and Classical Antiquity www.thersites-journal.de Imprint Universität Potsdam 2020 Historisches Institut, Professur Geschichte des Altertums Am Neuen Palais 10, 14469 Potsdam (Germany) https://www.thersites-journal.de/ Editors PD Dr. Annemarie Ambühl (Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz) Prof. Dr. Filippo Carlà-Uhink (Universität Potsdam) Dr. Christian Rollinger (Universität Trier) Prof. Dr. Christine Walde (Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz) ISSN 2364-7612 Contact Principal Contact Prof. Dr. Filippo Carlà-Uhink Email: [email protected] Support Contact Dr. phil. Christian Rollinger Email: [email protected] Layout and Typesetting text plus form, Dresden Cover pictures: 1 – The Archaeological Museum of the Republic of North Macedonia in Skopje at the time of its construction. Photo by Maja Gori, 2008. 2 – Roman gladiator. Part of a statuary group in Rruga Taulantia, Durrës, Albania. Photo by Filippo Carlà-Uhink, September 2019. Published online at: https://doi.org/10.34679/thersites.vol10 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons License: Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). This does not apply to quoted content from other authors. To view a copy of this license visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ JOURNAL FOR TRANSCULTURAL PRESENCES & DIACHRONIC IDENTITIES FROM ANTIQUITY TO DATE thersites 10/2019 | pp. 221 – 226 Andelko MihAnovic (IMT School for Advanced Studies Lucca) Review of Donna Zuckerberg: Not All Dead White Men. Classics and Misogyny in the Digital Age Harvard University Press (Cambridge 2018). 270 pp. ISBN 9780674975552 $ 27.95/£ 20.0/€ 25.00 “I am absolutely a nationalist, and I’m In her Introduction (pp. 1 – 10) Zucker- proud of it”, said president Trump to berg explains the importance of ana- journalists on 24 October 2018, adding lysing recent abuses of the Classics by that “he’s never heard of the term being white supremacist, nationalist and mi- associated with white nationalism”.1 sogynist movements in the US that are However, the issue he dismisses is what collectively known under the umbrella Donna Zuckerberg addresses in her term “the Red Pill”, and gather in very book Not All Dead White Men: Classics high numbers on the Reddit platform of and Misogyny in the Digital Age, pub- the same name. Zuckerberg notes how lished by Harvard University Press, in these movements may not only change relation to the widespread abuse of the the meanings surrounding ancient Classics by white nationalist groups. Greece and Rome in contemporary society, but may also lead to a wide- spread establishment of dangerous and oppressive behaviours with regards to 1 CNN. Trump: I am absolutely a nation- gender and race. alist, “CNN”, 23. 10. 2018., https://edition. cnn.com/videos/politics/2018/10/23/donald- A large number of people follow dif- trump-nationalist-sot-oval-office-lead-vpx.cnn, ferent radical ideologies on the Internet accessed 11 December 2018. as a whole, and more particularly on Book Reviews This work is licensed under a Creative Commons License URL https://thersites-journal.de Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). DOI https://doi.org/10.34679/thersites.vol10.94 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ 221 Review of Donna Zuckerberg: Not All Dead White Men social media: Zuckerberg reports that tiquity to promote reactionary ideolo- there are more than 230,000 followers gies” (p. 22). of the r/TheRedPill platform on Reddit, What is more, the author discusses as well as more than 240,000 members different examples from classical liter- of the subreddit r/seduction. At the mo- ature as used by the Red Pill to justify ment of writing this review, there are their misogyny: Hesiod’s Theogony, more than 292,000 subscribers to the the poem Types of Women by Semon- subreddit r/seduction, and the r/TheRed- ides’ from Amorgos, Xenophon’s Oeco- Pill has been quarantined by Reddit be- nomicus, Juvenal’s Satire VI, and Ovid’s cause of its content. Metamorphoses. These men present The author shows how aggressively themselves as guardians of classical these movements behave towards heritage against women who suppos- women and feminist writers, and thus edly want to destroy it. At the end of demonstrates why it is important to the chapter, the author argues that it study this phenomenon. Zuckerberg is not enough to point out that what states that her book is about “how men these groups do is philologically wrong; of the Red Pill use the literature and in addition, it is essential to strive for history of ancient Greece and Rome a deconstruction of this phenomenon to promote patriarchal and white su- in order to counteract its dangerous premacist ideology” and writes that operation. her goal is “to lay bare the mechanics The second chapter (pp. 45 – 88), en- of this appropriation: to show how titled The Angriest Stoics, analyses the classical antiquity informs the Red Pill Stoic writings and the Red Pill Stoicism. worldview and how these men weap- A short literature review is presented onize Greece and Rome in service of at the beginning of the chapter, aiming their agenda” (p. 5). at explaining the reasons why this par- In the first chapter (pp. 11 – 44), en- ticular philosophical school has gained titled Arms and the Manosphere, the popularity today. This is followed by a largest communities and their ideologies brief and general overview of Stoicism. are described: the Men’s Human Rights Zuckerberg writes that Stoic texts seem Movement, the seduction community, progressive in comparison to other Men Going Their Own Way, and the Alt- texts of their time (pp. 48; 70). However, Right. While analysing why and how underneath some of them carry misog- they use Classical heritage, the author ynist meanings, they are “filled with formulates her argument provocatively insinuations that women are generally and presents their misuse of the Clas- inferior to men: Cicero’s ideal fellow- sics as “only the latest development in ship is one of ‘good men’ (boni viri) […] the millennia-long use of classical an- Seneca believes that women have a low Book Reviews 222 Review of Donna Zuckerberg: Not All Dead White Men capacity for self-control. He also praises to a predatory and oppressive attitude Marcia for not showing the customary towards women today. The author clar- ‘weakness of the feminine mind’” (p. 74). ifies how the use of Ovidian heritage is Stoic writings of this kind are simplified restricted by the PUA community: they by the Red Pill movement and used to consider Ovid to be “the father of se- validate their supremacist ideas. Zucker- duction” (p. 91) and use him to legitimize berg draws a connection between elit- themselves as intellectual descendants of ism and sexism and answers why the a historically renowned literary figure. Stoics (and more particularly Marcus However, Zuckerberg very insightfully Aurelius) are popular in this oppressive deciphers both Ovidian’s and Red Pill’s community: “By studying Stoicism, all discourses by emphasizing similarities men today can assimilate themselves between the two. She examines “what it to the best ancient Romans … His ap- means to be ‘male’ and ‘female’” (p. 95) peal [sc. Marcus Aurelius’] undoubtedly in the Stoic and Red Pill frameworks and owes a great deal to his being not only she argues against the PUA’s myths. famously learned and wise […] but Zuckerberg presents Clarisse Thorn’s also perhaps the most powerful man in classification of pickup artists, and de- the world” (pp. 69; 58). What is more, scribes the logic behind their system. Zuckerberg gives a Stoic response to Also, she writes that the marketing the Red Pill Stoicism, and argues that strategies of the most prominent PUA the Stoic approach may help men in are similar to strategies “used by Ovid the United States to fight the “social to construct his narrator’s authority pressure to be stoic” (p. 87). She finishes in Ars Amatoria”, and she reveals the the chapter by suggesting that counter- importance of the financial aspect and acting the Red Pill agenda will require economic interests within the PUA com- more work to deconstruct the complex- munity (p. 97). As she puts it toward the ity of its relationship with Stoic heritage end of the chapter, “for these men, sex and to answer why it is so appealing to is warfare, and women are the enemy to the Red Pill community. put under siege” (p. 137). The third chapter (pp. 89 – 142), en- In the fourth chapter (pp. 143 – 184), titled The Ovid Method, focuses on the ironically entitled How to Save West- use of Ovid’s Ars Amatoria by pickup ern Civilization (she actually cites the artists (PUA), and compares PUA’s and title of one PUA’s blog post), Zucker- Ovidian views on gender roles and sex- berg connects the Red Pill and the PUA ual politics. By juxtaposing Ars Amato- communities in a clearer way, showing ria, Metamorphoses and Remedia Amoris their orientations towards sexual abuse along with stories of protagonists of and political control of women. Follow- the PUA community, the author points ing the PUA’s strategies, exemplified by Book Reviews 223 Review of Donna Zuckerberg: Not All Dead White Men the use of the myth of Hippolytus and a more engaged feminist reading of the Phaedra, she focuses on the concept Classics, aiming at tackling the very of false rape allegations in order to ar- issues Red Pill men talk about. She re- gue against misogynist gender politics minds her readers of her own experience and to show how perverse the afore- of harassment that happened when her mentioned communities’ views are: by article “How to Be a Good Classicist un- reshaping the myth they facilitate the der a Bad Emperor” was published at the development of a rape culture.