Early Christianity Karen King Plumbs the Other Texts

Home , Denise Scott Brown, Donna Zuckerberg, Emma Dench, Harry Elkins Widener, Harvard University Choir, Howard Hiatt

Juggler’s Tale • 29-29 • Mitochondrial Mysteries Inaugurating President Bacow

NOVEMBER-DECEMBER 2018 • $4.95 Early Christianity Karen King plumbs the other texts

Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 what is CIT I ZEN

HOW HAVESHIP? WOMEN SHAPED THE 2018 MIDTERM ELECTIONS? HOW CAN MATHEMATICAL THEORY PREVENT GERRYMANDERING? WHY DO WE FEAR OUTSIDERS DURING A REFUGEE CRISIS? HOW DO OUR CHANGING BORDERS AFFECT INTERNATIONAL TRADE? HOW CAN ART INFORM CONVERSATIONS ABOUT RACE IN AMERICA? WHAT DOES #METOO MEAN FOR GENDER EQUALITY? WHAT IS AMERICA’S ROLE IN GLOBAL AFFAIRS?

Join us this academic year as the Radcliffe Institute explores timely questions about the nature of citizenship.

Participate in the conversation: radcliffe.harvard.edu/events Support our work: radcliffe.harvard.edu/give

Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746

181138_Radclilffe.indd 1 10/9/18 8:56 AM NOVEMBER-DECEMBER 2018, VOLUME 121, NUMBER 2

FEATURES 40 The Bits the Bible Left Out | by Lydialyle Gibson Karen King plumbs early Christianity

46 Vita: Millicent Todd Bingham | by Julie Dobrow Brief life of an unlikely Dickinson scholar: 1880-1968

48 The Cell’s Power Plant | by Jonathan Shaw Vamsi Mootha, on the trail of mitochondrial dysfunction p. 16

54 Te Juggler’s Tale | by Sophia Nguyen A Dumbarton Oaks exhibition on enchantment and the human condition

58 Te Players | by George Howe Colt The ’68 Crimson footballers and a changing Harvard

JOHN HARVARD’S JOURNAL 16 With the inauguration of President Lawrence S. Bacow, a new Harvard administration focuses squarely on the current challenges to American higher education. Plus two Harvard hubs, the Muslim chaplain, endowment and campaign outcomes, when the Band pranked the Elis, admissions litigation and other news, new development p. 48 director, a trade-publishing perspective at the University Press, the Undergraduate abroad, early football action, and the top-ranked saber fencer p. 96 DEPARTMENTS 2 Cambridge 02138 | Letters from our readers—and Harvard’s core priorities 8 Right Now | Mapping behavior in the mind, how gut ﬂora function, diversity and government resources 12A Harvard2 | Seasonal events, Twyla Tharp, winter outings, holiday art-and-craft markets, images of social change, and more

67 Montage | Directing an underground opera, literary takes on medicine, an “alarmingly prolific” poet, scaling the Incas, studying skyscrapers, Philip Johnson, and more 77 Alumni | Jill Vialet and Playworks harness the healthful benefits of school recess p. 54 80 The College Pump | House renewal secret, Henry Kissinger, and a confessor to the wealthy On the cover: Christ and Mary Magdalene (Noli Me Tangere), by an unknown artist from the 96 Treasure | The antique, animate art of drinking Byzantine-influenced Coptic school, wooden icon, Church of St. Barbara, Cairo, Egypt, 14th century. 81 Crimson Classifieds Photograph by DeAgostini/Getty Images FROMTOP: JIM HARRISON (2); DUMBARTON MUSEUMSART OAKS HARVARD COLLECTION;THE RESEARCH AND LIBRARY www.harvardmagazine.com

Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746

LETTERS

EDITOR: John S. Rosenberg

SENIOR EDITOR: Jean Martin Cambridge 02138 MANAGING EDITOR: Jonathan S. Shaw ART DIRECTOR: Jennifer Carling Solicitors General, Facebook, faith ASSOCIATE EDITORS: Marina Bolotnikova, Lydialyle Gibson

DIGITAL MEDIA MANAGER: Oset Babür

THE TWENTY- Harvard or its graduate ASSISTANT EDITOR: Nell Porter Brown NINTH PRESIDENT schools, their faculties or, BERTA GREENWALD LEDECKY Your recent story on most importantly, their UNDERGRADUATE FELLOWS Harvard’s next president, students. Bacow will of Isa Flores-Jones, Catherine Zhang Lawrence S. Bacow, was course confront financial excellent (“The Pragma- issues and, most assur- CONTRIBUTING EDITORS tist, September-October, edly, will implement steps John T. Bethell, Lincoln Caplan, page 32). The review of and policies “that work.” John de Cuevas, Dick Friedman, Bacow’s endeavors pro- The question I would Adam Goodheart, Elizabeth Gudrais, vides a wonderful vehicle raise is Harvard’s role in Jim Harrison, Courtney Humphries, to present and develop a the broader national ef- Christopher S. Johnson, Adam Kirsch, breadth of educational is- fort to make education Colleen Lannon, Spencer Lee Lenfeld, sues that generate a myr- more afordable, less bur- Stu Rosner, Deborah Smullyan, iad of key questions and approaches. All densome, and less subject to the one dimen- Mark Steele who read the article on will have their own sional cost/benefit analyses that surface so personal reactions as to which of so many often in our dialogue on education. Harvard HARVARD MAGAZINE INC. issues most resonate or most demand our and comparable institutions will continue PRESIDENT: Margaret H. Marshall, Ed.M. attention. to flourish—but will education flourish? I ’69. DIRECTORS: Ann M. Blair ’84, Peter K. For me the issue of the costs of education suggest that as a nation, we do not allow Bol, Scott V. Edwards, Ann Marie Lipinski, and the burdens of those costs to students wealth and class distinctions to diminish NF ’90, Philip W. Lovejoy, Susan Morris and family came to the fore. That burden is the importance and availability of education Novick ’85, John P. Reardon Jr. ’60, not nearly as threatening for Harvard as it due to excessive costs or financial burdens. Bryan E. Simmons ’83 is with many other institutions. Harvard’s While Harvard must always strive to main- endowment and its prestige aford a degree tain its place as possibly the finest educa- BOARD OF INCORPORATORS of confidence that inadequate funds will tional institution in the world, it should This magazine, at first called the Harvard Bulletin, was certainly not significantly, adversely afect also work to assure that our nation’s system founded in 1898. Its Board of Incorporators was char- of higher education does not evolve tered in 1924 and remains active in the magazine’s into one that reflects the “have” governance. The membership is as follows: Stephen J. Thank You, Times Two Bailey, AMP ’94; Jefrey S. Behrens ’89, William I. Ben- and “have not” realities that appear nett ’62, M.D. ’69; John T. Bethell ’54; Peter K. Bol; Fox The feature appearing at page 54 is the last by to have taken root, grown and even Butterfield ’61, A.M. ’64; Sewell Chan ’98; Jonathan S. Cohn ’91; Philip M. Cronin ’53, J.D. ’56; John de Cuevas associate editor Sophia Nguyen, who departed been encouraged by both policies ’52; James F. Dwinell III ’62; Anne Fadiman ’74; Benja- in late August for an exciting new position at and practices in the recent past. min M. Friedman ’66, Ph.D. ’71; Robert H. Giles, NF The Washington Post. She goes with our best wish- Don Bergmann, J.D. ’66 ’66; Richard H. Gilman, M.B.A. ’83; Owen Gingerich, Ph.D. ’62; Adam K. Goodheart ’92; Philip C. Haughey es, and warm thanks for wonderful service to Westport, Conn. ’57; Brian R. Hecht ’92; Sarah Blafer Hrdy ’68, Ph.D. readers during her four years on Harvard Magaa- ’75; Ellen Hume ’68; Alex S. Jones, NF ’82;Thomas F. zine’s staf. President bacow is clearly a per- Kelly, Ph.D. ’73; William C. Kirby; Bill Kovach, NF ’89; Florence Ladd, BI ’72; Jennifer 8 Lee ’99; Randolph C. That work, and the rest of the magazine’s son of enormous talent, but he un- Lindel ’66; Ann Marie Lipinski, NF ’90; Scott Malkin contents in print and online, depend signifi- derestimates antisemitism on college ’80, J.D.-M.B.A. ’83; Margaret H. Marshall, Ed.M. ’69, cantly on contributions from readers. Our deep- campuses. According to the Anti- Ed ’77, L ’78; Lisa L. Martin, Ph.D. ’90; David McClint- ick ’62; Winthrop L. McCormack ’67; M. Lee Pelton, est appreciation to the thousands of supporters Defamation League’s Anti-Semitic Ph.D. ’84; John P. Reardon Jr. ’60; Harriet Ritvo ’68, who have made donations during the past year; Incidents report, there was an 89 Ph.D. ’75; Henry Rosovsky, JF ’57, Ph.D. ’59, LL.D. ’98; you are recognized beginning on page 86. percent increase in antisemitic inci- Barbara Rudolph ’77; Robert N. Shapiro ’72, J.D. ’78; Theda Skocpol, Ph.D. ’75; Peter A. Spiers ’76; Scott !The Editors dents last year on campuses where H. Stossel ’91; Sherry Turkle ’69, Ph.D. ’76; Robert H. the Boycott, Divestment and Sanc- Weiss ’54; Jan Ziolkowski.

2 November - December 2018

Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 FINE HANDCRAFTED VERMONT FURNITURE

Weston End Table, Calais Loveseat, Belmont Lamp + Belmont Cofee Table

E THETFORD, VT FLAGSHIP SHOWROOM + WORKSHOP • S BURLINGTON, VT • HANOVER, NH • CONCORD, NH NASHUA, NH • BOSTON, MA • NATICK, MA • W HARTFORD, CT • PHILADELPHIA, PA POMPY.COM • 800.841.6671 • We Offer National Delivery

181107_PompanosucMills.indd 1 9/19/18 12:13 PM

L ETTERS tions (BDS) movement was most active. ing from it as from the finest china set on a For all practical purposes, only anti-Israel spotless tablecloth. speakers can speak freely to students. Charles Fried The vitriolic rhetoric used by BDS fits the Beneficial professor of law United States State Department’s definition Cambridge PUBLISHER: Irina Kuksin of antisemitism, including denying the Jew- DIRECTOR OF CIRCULATION AND ish people their right to self-determination, Caplan’s detailed examination of the role FUNDRAISING: Felecia Carter using the symbols and images associated of the Solicitor General misses the fundamen- with classic antisemitism to characterize tal point that the Supreme Court itself is re- DONOR RELATIONS AND STEWARDSHIP Israel or Israelis, and drawing comparisons sponsible for its own politicization. As the MANAGER: Allison Kern of contemporary Israeli policy to that of the Court transformed itself into an engine of the DIRECTOR OF ADVERTISING: Nazis. sexual revolution in the contraception and Robert D. Fitta By not confronting the seeds of hatred abortion cases, it provoked people of faith NEW ENGLAND ADVERTISING MANAGER: inherent in the BDS movement, anti-Sem- to respond. Roe v. Wade, in particular, stimu- Abby Shepard itism has become normalized on campus- lated Jerry Falwell to abandon the traditional CLASSIFIED ADVERTISING MANAGER: es, leaving no room for the “teachable mo- Baptist disinclination for political involve- Gretchen Bostrom ment.” For example, at Tufts, the institution ment. The Court’s immoral mandates, raw which Bacow previously headed, a blatantly legislative acts that had no objective basis in CREATIVE MARKETING DIRECTOR: dogmatic course, “Colonizing Palestine,” is the Constitution, prompted the creation of Jennifer Beaumont being ofered this fall. It is hard to square the Moral Majority which in turn propelled PRODUCTION AND DESIGN MANAGER: this with his avowed desire to help students Ronald Reagan to the presidency. Lydia S. C. Rosenberg become more efective citizens “who are The Reagan Revolution was a cry of out- WEB AND TECHNICAL SUPPORT SPECIALIST: both efective advocates—and aggressive rage at the Court’s assault on American de- Walter Augustine listeners.” mocracy and its enforcement of a social revo- GIFT PROCESSOR AND OFFICE MANAGER: Alex Bruner, M.B.A. ’76 lution that facilitated sex outside of marriage Robert Bonotto Boca Raton and a holocaust of infant life. Yet Caplan, far from raising an alarm at the Court’s usurpa- IVY LEAGUE MAGAZINE NETWORK THE SOLICITOR GENERAL tions, instead chides the Reagan administra- DIRECTOR OF OPERATIONS: Heather Wedlake, Heatherwedlake@ There is one crucial, and I think over- tion for attempting to restrain and reverse riding aspect of the Solicitor General’s role the Court’s abuses. ivymags.com as counsellor to the Court, that Lincoln Ca- The politicization of the Court is a result EDITORIAL AND BUSINESS OFFICE plan does not mention (“The Political Solic- of the Court’s own improvident power-grab- 7 Ware Street itor General,” September-October, page 47) bing. The participation of the Solicitor General Cambridge, Mass. 02138-4037 and that I hope remains entirely uncompro- in the counterrevolution was part of the larg- Tel. 617-495-5746; fax: 617-495-0324 Website: www.harvardmagazine.com mised through the passage of administra- er reaction of a majority of Americans to the tions, personnel, and political perspectives: Court’s cultural revolution. Reagan’s Solicitor E-mail: [email protected] that the work coming out of the SG’s ofce Generals thus were not activists abandoning @harvardmagazine is scrupulously accurate, displaying fully the ofce’s traditional role of neutral analy- facebook.com/harvardmagazine and candidly all relevant facts, presenting sis. Instead they sought to redirect a runaway all arguments and fairly noting all prece- Court to return to the traditional judicial role Harvard Magazine (ISSN 0095-2427) is published bi- dents and other legal material—whether of applying rather than creating law. monthly by Harvard Magazine Inc., a nonprofit corporation, 7 Ware Street, Cambridge, Mass. 02138-4037, or not the brief or oral argument embraces, Martin Wishnatsky ’66, Ph.D. ’75 phone 617-495-5746; fax 617-495-0324. The magazine is rejects or distinguishes these. It is in this Prattville, Ala. supported by reader contributions and subscriptions, way that the SG most appropriately assists advertising revenue, and a subvention from Harvard University. Its editorial content is the responsibility of the Court. An SG’s brief should be like the Editor’s note: Wishnatsky is the author of the editors. Periodicals postage paid at Boston, Mass., floor in a perfectly run kitchen: whatever “Taming the Supreme Court,” Liberty Uni- and additional mailing ofces. Postmaster: Send address changes to Circulation Department, Harvard the dish, you should be as confident eat- versity Law Review, Vol. 6, Issue 3 (Spring 2012), Magazine, 7 Ware Street, Cambridge, Mass. 02138-4037. pp. 597-674. Subscription rate $30 a year in U.S. and possessions, $55 SPEAK UP, PLEASE Canada and Mexico, $75 other foreign. (Allow up to 10 weeks for first delivery.) Subscription orders and Harvard Magazine welcomes letters FACEBOOK customer service inquiries should be sent to the Cir- on its contents. Please write to “Let- comments culation Department, Harvard Magazine, 7 Ware Street, President drew faust’s Cambridge, Mass. 02138-4037, or call 617-495-5746 or ters,” Harvard Magazine, 7 Ware Street, (“Focus on Faust,” July-August, page 46) re- 800-648-4499, or e-mail [email protected]. Cambridge 02138, send comments by e- garding the need for a “reassessment of Face- Single copies $4.95, plus $2.50 for postage and han- dling. Manuscript submissions are welcome, but we mail to your turn@har vard.edu, use our book and other social media” (as the maga- cannot assume responsibility for safekeeping. Include website, www.harvard maga zine. com, zine put it) since Mark Zuckerberg’s 2017 stamped, self-addressed envelope for manuscript return. Persons wishing to reprint any portion of Harvard or fax us at 617-495-0324. Letters may Commencement speech are disappointingly Magazine’s contents are required to write in advance for be edited to fit the available space. lacking in specificity and seem designed to permission. Address inquiries to Irina Kuk- avoid confronting the real issues relating to sin, publisher, at the address given above. Copyright © 2018 Harvard Magazine Inc.

4 November - December 2018

Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 L ETTERS

7 WARE STREET page 24), the capstone of President Drew ences faculty rising in Allston promises to be Faust’s “Common Spaces” initiative. One snazzy and exciting—but also expensive to At the Core element was an elegant restoration of the use; the terms of bearing those costs, at lat- Unveiling his strategy for Tufts University building’s original concrete exterior. The est inquiry, remain to be determined. in early 2003, then-president Lawrence S. Ba- top level now has a new meeting space. And Some elements of some of these enhance- cow spelled out both the aspiration (“great the project repurposed and expanded the ments are clearly core to the afected schools’ students, great faculty, and great staf”) lower levels; the first couple of floors now teaching and research. Are they all? What and the under-the-hood work required to ofer a food court, performance places, and about any of dozens of academic centers, pro- achieve it. “There are three scarce resourc- inviting areas to hang out. There are entic- grams, and initiatives of yore: are they still es in a university: money, space, and faculty ing new options, like the treed terrace over- intellectually lively—or long in the tooth? slots,” he wrote. “We must allocate these looking Dunster Street, and one imagines resources to help us attract, recruit, and re- students thronging the tenth-floor lounge There is, at this moment, another perspec- tain the very best students and the very best to play pool, or adults enjoying a drink tive to consider. How central to the academic faculty….We must be crystal clear about our academic priorities”—and toward that end, Members of the Harvard community “I have already restructured our budget process” to originate centrally and focus those enjoy many amenities. How do they appear to resources on that academic mission, sending “important messages about how we are a public skeptical about higher education? changing the way we do business.” Amplifying his message about the most there, taking in the nifty campus views. mission, as Harvard defines it, do nice amen- prominent of those resources, he contin- The whole project is very well done, and ities appear to a public skeptical about the ued, “[W]e have to be much more strategic users have voted with their feet (the center costs and benefits of higher education? This and less opportunistic. We must articulate has been plenty busy); the complex might is, admittedly, a diferent sort of hurdle to our academic priorities and sell them to even help Harvard Square regain some of ask projects or investments to surmount. But donors—and not let donors drive our deci- the vibe that has of late shifted downriver today it may be an appropriate one: if there sion making. If we cannot convince donors to Kendall Square. is a reputational cost, it is a cost. to invest in our priorities, we must have But that begs the hard questions: Are these During a conversation before he became courage to turn down their support. This uses core to the mission? Complementary president (see “The Pragmatist,” Septem- is not easy, but the surest way for a uni- to life in the undergraduate Houses—or in ber-October, page 32), Bacow said his versity to go broke is to take 50 percent of competition? Does the Smith Center, accom- warnings about higher-education costs the money to underwrite a project or pro- modating seven food vendors, uniquely pro- apply to Harvard, too. It has important as- gram that is not otherwise a priority. We vide services that local merchants cannot? pirations consistent with its educational will not do that on my watch.” And again, How do its worthwhile goals rank among and scholarly missions—and both remain “We are only going to undertake sustain- Harvard priorities? Did the cost, rumored equally important to the wider world. It is able new initiatives. Endowment here is to exceed $100 million for construction and blessed with great resources, but not infi- the key. It is not enough for somebody to furnishing, include cash for operations? Or nite ones—and some of its most ambitious fund a new activity for a year or two.…If a will they be a drain on the the president’s aims (like transformative discoveries in bio- new initiative cannot be sustained, we are funds (some of which arrive via levies on medical science and health care) are among not going to do it.” the schools’ endowments)? What about the most expensive fields of inquiry on the He elaborated those themes forcefully in the Common Spaces programming, much planet. Even if exciting partnerships on a his 2017 lecture on “The Political Economy of it fun and entertaining, on the Science new scale emerge to pursue these oppor- of Cost Control on a University Campus,” Center Plaza? tunities, Harvard will still have heavy lift- at Berkeley, going so far as to say “capital Similar questions could be addressed to ing to do. campaigns can actually weaken institutions other recent projects. Is Harvard Kennedy Based on his record, the new president financially” if gifts do not fully pay for their School better or worse of financially now should have no trouble identifying and ar- intended objective, but instead impose a that its campus quadrangle has been re- ticulating those aspirations in a way con- drain on the permanent funding dedicated configured and expanded—to accommo- sistent with the University’s core academic to a school’s core mission. date both classrooms and large dining and purposes. Nor will he brush of the nitty- social spaces? The renewed Houses meet gritty work of budgeting, trying to direct What would such strictures look like ap- much higher energy-efciency standards, philanthropy, and harnessing the insti- plied here? Are there activities that lie be- but the Faculty of Arts and Sciences has ex- tution’s energies toward those ends—an yond the core mission—and beyond what plained that they cost more to run because equally or even more important factor in even Harvard, with its $39.2-billion endow- they comply with modern codes, include making the place succeed. Attentive mem- ment, can sustain? spaces recaptured from basements and sur- bers of the community might want to pay Consider, for example, Smith Campus plus nooks and crannies, and have air-con- particular attention to those latter aspects Center, the reenvisioned Holyoke Cen- ditioned common facilities. The new home of this new administration’s agenda. ter, which debuted on September 20 (see for much of the engineering and applied sci- !john s. rosenberg, Editor

Harvard Magazine 5

Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 L ETTERS Facebook. The implication that it was only Jr.) for an ascent of after the revelation of the inappropriate use Mount Mitchell, the of Facebook data by Cambridge Analytica highest peak in east- Visit harvardmag.com that it was necessary “to ask broader ques- ern North America. for additional letters. tions…” is not supported by the facts. Yet their most Were Faust and the members of the Cor- lasting institutional contribution may have poration and the Board of Overseers unaware been as charter members of the Harvard Miss the deadline for our of the extremely numerous reports in widely Travellers Club, established in 1902. Under read publications over many years regard- Davis’s presidency, speakers discussed their Holiday Reading List? ing the cavalier attitude toward user privacy explorations of sites from the South Pole to of Facebook leadership (e.g.: https://www. Abyssinia. Dorr’s home was the site of the wired.com/story/facebook-a-history-of- club’s second meeting—which continues to mark-zuckerberg-apologizing/?mbid=Botto convey their enthusiasm to this day. mRelatedStories), in conjunction with evi- Ronald H. Epp dence that the company leadership clearly Farmington, Conn. prioritized growth and profit over user welfare despite protestations to the contrary? Editor’s note: Epp is the author of Creating % Harvard Were the leaders of the University also un- Acadia National Park: The Biography of George APY aware of the repeated instances of Facebook Bucknam Dorr. having to “adjust” the numbers and meth- 2.50 Authors! ods for publicly reported advertising metrics AMERICAN TRUTHS 15-MONTH CD (e.g., https://www.forbes.com/sites/great- According to Casey N. Cep’s review of Jill speculations/2016/11/17/more-bugs-found- Lepore’s These Truths: A History of the United in-facebooks-ad-metrics-to-the-dismay-of- States (September-October, page 64), the re- advertisers/#481f0abe2a85)? One might have vision from “these truths” being character- thought that these widely reported and well- ized as “sacred and fundamental” to “self- known realities would have weighed heav- evident” meant that those rights were “the ily against inviting Zuckerberg to deliver a stuf of science” and not “the stuf of reli- Advertise your book in the commencement address at an institution that gion..” But the term “self-evident” precisely claims to prize, as its highest value, “veritas.” excludes scientific observation as the basis Summer Reading List. Neil Greenspan ’75 of knowledge. We cannot, through scien- % Shaker Heights, Ohio tific inquiry alone, discover that all mean THE DEADLINE IS: are “endowed by their Creator with certain APY MARCH 14, 2019 IDEOLOGICAL DIVERSITY unalienable Rights.” And the Creator puts 2.25 Reach 258,000 Harvard Regarding the letter from David W. religion right back into the picture—if not 11-MONTH CD alumni, faculty, and staff. Thompson in the September-October is- organized religion, at the very least Faith. sue (page 2) decrying the lack of ideologi- Regardless, I have the highest degree of Your book ad will include: cal diversity at Harvard, I wonder just how admiration for Lepore and look forward to a book jacket photo, your easy it is to have ideological diversity on a reading her book. university faculty when almost half of the Michael Jorrin ’54 name and Harvard class year, ideological spectrum in this nation does not Ridgefield, Conn. and a short description – accept science, changes long-held beliefs totaling 8 lines of text. on a dime, and believes truth is not truth? ERRATA Your ad will appear both John T. Hansen, LL.B. ’63 A production error trans- San Francisco posed the names of Charles in print and online. E. Gilbert III and John F. VITAE For information about pricing Kotouc, both winners of 2018 Within two years, profiles of George Buck- Hunn Memorial Schools and ad specifications, go to: Charles E. nam Dorr and William Morris Davis have and Scholarships Awards, Gilbert III harvardmagazine.com/hauthors been published (September-October 2016, in photo captions (Septem- contact Gretchen Bostrom page 44; September-October 2018, page 44). ber-October, page 71). at 617-496-6686, or e-mail Neither profile mentioned the other alum- In the fifth paragraph nus by name, though their relationship was of “ ‘Little Shards of Disso- [email protected]. tight—especially in 1902 when Davis invited nance,’ ” (September-Oc- Dorr to join his scientific team to the Ameri- tober, page 61), the first “c” can Southwest. Later that year Dorr returned went missing from Michael TURN TO PAGE 62 the favor by inviting Davis to join his com- Schachter’s name. John F. to browse the Holiday Reading List panions (including Frederick Law Olmsted We regret these miscues. Kotouc

6 November - December 2018

Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746

181115_HUECU.indd 1 9/24/18 2:20 PM % 2.50 APY 15-MONTH CD

% 2.25 APY 11-MONTH CD

181115_HUECU.indd 1 9/24/18 2:20 PM Right Now The expanding Harvard universe

earlier diagnoses of diseases that afect behavior, and to new methods for monitoring their progression. It could even aid in the development of drugs to treat conditions such as Parkinson’s, autism, and schizophrenia. The idea that behavior at the level of an entire animal is constructed from a hierarchy of smaller constituent parts was first advanced in the 1950s by Nikolaas Tinbergen, a Dan- ish scientist who in 1973 shared the Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine for his in- vestigations of animal behavior. Tinbergen developed the theory from close observation. But hard evidence that the brain builds behavior from parts has been lacking. That changed when Datta and his colleagues developed a tool called Motion Sequencing (MoSeq), which combines high-speed, three- dimensional videography with artificial intelligence to analyze animal behaviors in order to identify the smallest identifiable segments— the syllables—that make up animal motion. “We believe,” says Datta, “that there are rules about how those parts are placed in sequence C E R E B R A L C O M P O S E R over time to construct behaviors that allow animals to interact with the world and potentially to communicate with each other.” A Language of Behavior? To demonstrate a syllable, he plays a video that combines on one screen the behavior of 30 diferent mice, all expressing the syllable he n a darkened lab at Harvard Medi- sembled from small, constituent parts, each calls “turn to the right.” MoSeq has identified cal School, a mouse explores the bot- executed in milliseconds. Likening the con- this movement, which takes place in a few tom of a black bucket. Nosing forward, struction of physical behavior to the con- hundredths of a millisecond, as a fundamental Iit turns to the right, rears up, then cir- struction of language, team members call unit of mouse behavior. A red dot illuminates cles in the opposite direction. Nearby, a these parts “syllables.” The brain, they say, the back of each mouse at the moment it initi- researcher watching the electrical activity strings these movement syllables together ates the specific move. Once the films of each in the mouse’s brain can predict, based on to assemble coherent actions that allow the mouse have been calibrated and combined the neural signals being generated onscreen, mouse to forage for food, find a mate, or so that the dot illuminates at precisely the what the animal will do next. avoid predators. The human brain, they sus- same moment, the animals on screen appear Scientists led by associate professor of pect, constructs behavior in the same way. to move in unison like synchronized swim- neurobiology Sandeep Datta have developed If they are right—and they published in mers. In the limited laboratory environments insights into behavior based on the under- Cell late in June the first strong evidence sug- where Datta conducts his experiments, the standing that animals’ movements are as- gesting they are—their work could lead to researchers have identified a set of 40 to 60

8 November - December 2018 Illustration by Dan Page

Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 RIGHT NO W unique syllables like this one (although they the brain. “That output ultimately is behav- interaction with the world, you must have a suspect mice may express thousands of sylla- ior. The brain evolved to help us find food, much better understanding of how the brain bles in more complex, natural environments). water, shelter, or a mate, and to avoid preda- constructs behavior.” This, he believes, is the The team also wanted to know whether tion. Its goal is to generate behavior. But to path to understanding, finally, how the brain adding a new stimulus to the familiar envi- understand what is meaningful in patterns works. !jonathan shaw ronment would lead to the expression of new of neural activity, and what is noise, what is syllables. They therefore put mice into square helping the animal accomplish a goal, and sandeep datta website: buckets, and blew air into each corner—and what might be deleterious for an animal’s www.dattalab.org the mice explored each corner equally. Then they began blowing the scent of a fox into one corner, and the behavior of the mice changed MANI PULATIN G MET ABOLI SM dramatically: they snifed, ran, and gravitat- ed to the corner farthest from the unknown predator’s odor. But they did not display any Gut Flora Fix for Fitness? new behavioral syllable: the units of movement expressed before and after the introduction of the fox scent were identical; what The human gut microbiome—a world of mouse populations were then “fed a high- changed was the way those syllables were bacteria that teems in your gut—profound- fat, high-sugar diet,” mimicking a “Western- strung together. “What this means,” says ly afects health, but the exact mechanisms style human diet.” Datta, “is that the brain has a kind of gram- remain largely elusive. Now A. Sloan Devlin, The scientists, who published the work mar of behavior. Through grammatical chang- an assistant professor at Harvard Medical in eLife Magazine, could thus attribute any es alone, the animal can run away from the School, and her team have discovered that diferences in host metabolism to the single fox and save its own life.” The brain, in other altering a single gene in a single type of bac- genetic manipulation. Predictably, the mice words, can string syllables together in difer- teria can even change the metabolism of the populated with gene-deleted bacteria had ent ways to compose new behaviors. host organism. more unprocessed bile acids than did mice Next, Datta and his principal collabora- Devlin focused on a specific known role with normal bacteria. tor, Moorhead professor of neurobiology of gut bacteria—the chemical transforma- But other results were surprising. Dur- Bernardo Sabatini, an expert in neural cir- tion of bile acids, which help regulate di- ing the 32-day study, the mice that could cuit function, wanted to identify the place in gestion (these acids surround fats and car- not process bile, for instance, had more fat the brain where this behavioral grammar is bohydrates, allowing humans and mice in the liver and gained weight much more generated. Prior experimental evidence and to absorb and utilize these compounds). slowly than the other group. They also used studies of diseases that afect behavior sug- She first identified an gested exploring the striatum, a structure abundant gut bacteri- in the middle of the brain that is critical for um that processes bile motor learning and the execution of move- acids in a specific way, ment. They began recording neural activity then located the gene there and found they could correlate neural that causes that bacte- signals with specific behaviors, even predict- rium to chemically alter ing what the animal would do next. these nutrients. Datta has recently begun collaborating The goal was to iso- with Justin Baker, director of functional late the exact impact of neuroimaging and bioinformatics for the the gene’s bile-acid-al- schizophrenia and bipolar disorder research tering function on its program at Harvard-afliated McLean Hos- host, so she limited the pital, to explore the use of MoSeq with hu- number of variables by man subjects. With appropriate permission experimenting on ster- and oversight, they are recording manic ile, “germ-free” mice, and schizophrenic patients, in an efort to which host no gut bacte- characterize objectively how underlying ria, unlike either humans patterns of behavior are altered by these or mice in the wild. The diseases. They also hope to use the tool to team then “colonized assess how the drugs those patients are tak- these germ-free mice ing alter their patterns of behavior. with either the normal “Now that we have much more powerful bacterium” containing genetic and neurobiological tools for under- the bile-processing en- standing variation in our genomes,” Datta zyme, or with an altered explains, “it has become a little bit of a crisis” version of the bacterium, to understand the outputs of the genome and which lacked it. Both

Illustration by Chiara Zarmati/Salzman Art Harvard Magazine 9

Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 RIGHT NO W proportionately less fat and more carbohy- Some bacteria within an organism may control drate for energy. Devlin, a chemical biologist and molec- physiological traits once considered innate. ular pharmacologist, calls that “amazing.” She has studied human gut bacteria since physiological traits otherwise considered scribing her study as a “ﬁrst step” of many, her postdoctoral work at UC, San Francis- innate. she underscores the need for further under- co with Michael A. Fisch bach ’03, Ph.D. ’07 Devlin believes that these changes could standing of how humans might respond to (now associate professor of bioengineering be the result of “signaling,” a process by microbiome manipulations. at Stanford). “It’s a bacterium,” she points which physical states in the body trigger a Her next study will accordingly take her out, “and a single enzyme in a bacterium, cascade of genes to switch on or of. By start- work “one step closer to humans.” Instead of that’s causing a change in whether the host ing to learn which bacteria activate specif- germ-free mice, she and her team will work is using fats versus carbohydrates.” ic genetic switches, researchers could take with “conventional” mice, whose gut micro- Most dramatic, however, was a change steps toward learning how to treat human biomes resemble ours. Instead of deleting observed in the correlation of lean body conditions by altering the genetics of the gut bacterial genes, the team will chemically in- mass to energy expenditure. In humans and microbiome. hibit all bacteria from processing bile acids. wild mice, these variables follow a linear Such advances could aid in treating sev- Their aim is to alter mouse metabolism by relationship: the more lean body mass an eral metabolic disorders, such as fatty liver manipulating the existing, native gut mi- organism has, the more energy it expends. disease, acid imbalances, and even obesity. crobiome—and to test whether unforeseen In the mice colonized with bacteria that Greater knowledge of the microbiome’s efects of a complex microbial community could not process bile acids, however, workings might also allow physicians to might complicate the remarkable chang- that relationship broke down. A mouse in prescribe higher doses of life-saving drugs, es she achieved in the microbe-free mice. that group with a small amount of muscle potentially including cancer drugs, in treat- !john a. grifn mass, for example, might expend more en- ments when dosage must be limited because ergy than a mouse with a large amount of the microbiome metabolizes the drugs and a. sloan devlin email: muscle, even if the mice exercised the same makes them highly toxic. [email protected] amount. This suggests that some bacteria She stresses that much work remains be- a. sloan devlin website: in an organism may control or inﬂuence fore her research can lead to treatments. De- http://devlin.hms.harvard.edu

READY TO GET SOBER? McLean: the place for ef ective addiction treatment

mcleanhospital.org/addiction

Ranked #1 in psychiatry by U.S. News & World Report

10 November - December 2018

Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 RIGHT NO W

M IGRATION’S AFT ERMATH ies with populations greater than 100,000, Tabellini found that the first possible explanation was not the cause. “While there was Diversity and Diminishing no change in the tax rates,” he says, “there was a significant drop in property values.” Cities became more reliant on debt to pay Tax Revenues for services: “Unable or unwilling to raise tax rates, cities were forced to reduce public spending and raise debt to cope with a istorians have long understood paper finds that cities’ tax revenues fell sig- tighter budget constraint.” that twentieth-century U.S. sub- nificantly between 1910 and 1930, reflecting In Omaha, for example, which absorbed urbs emerged during the exodus the decline in property values after the ar- 6,000 Southern-born black migrants be- H of whites from cities, as millions rival of African Americans during the first tween 1910 and 1930, property values and of African Americans from the South moved wave of the Great Migration. Those decreas- tax revenues decreased by 8 percent and 6 north and west in the Great Migration. Less es resulted in cuts to government spend- percent, respectively. The cities most afect- well studied are the consequences of such ing on programs where black and white ed were those already experiencing weak “white flight” for the health of cities—par- residents ordinarily interacted, such as in economic and population growth, too lim- ticularly their ability to provide resources public schools. ited to sustain demand for housing. “In a city (such as education and public safety) to Racial diference can afect city resourc- that is growing a lot,” Tabellini says, “even if residents. Now a series of studies by post- es in two broad ways, he explains: either some whites leave, you will not see an efect doctoral fellow Marco Tabellini, who will directly, by reducing the public’s desire on public finances, because someone else is join Harvard Busi- ness School as an assistant professor next year, uses data from the Great Mi- gration to examine the relationship between race and public resources. Tabellini contrib- utes to the increasingly conclusive body of scholarly work suggesting a negative relationship between racial diversity and social cohesion—people’s willingness to pool and share their resources to pay for certain public goods. Politically powerful ethnic groups tend to find ways to ex- clude other groups through residential segregation and priva- for resource-sharing and increasing eforts willing to buy their houses. Conversely, in tization, and the Great Migration provides to lower taxes, or less directly, by reduc- declining cities, vacancies will increase, a natural experiment to study the possible ing property values. If whites don’t want driving down house prices.” efects of such eforts. Earlier research by to live in a city alongside black residents, In response to falling public revenue, economists such as Leah Boustan, Ph.D. ’06, then urban housing prices will decline due some types of spending were cut while oth- has shown that black migration to northern to lower demand for housing there—and be- ers went virtually untouched. Spending on cities resulted in far more white residents cause most local government money in the public education per student (which also moving out than new black residents mov- United States comes from property taxes, accounted for the single greatest share of ing in. Tabellini builds on this work to esti- city revenues will plummet in turn. Using municipal spending) and poverty relief suf- mate how black migration and white flight census data from 1910, 1920, and 1930, and fered most; the former dropped by 6 percent afected city finances. One recent working historical data on the finances of 42 U.S. cit- between 1910 and 1930, yet still represent-

Illustration by Tim Ellis Harvard Magazine 11

Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 RIGHT NO W ed a larger share of public spending in the Is Arsenic a Key test cities at the end of the test period (40 Explore More Ingredient in the percent in 1930, compared to 30 percent in Battle Against 1910). Spending on basic infrastructure, like For additional, online-only, articles Cancer? roads, and on ﬁre and police departments, on research, see : Despite its toxic PUBLICDOMAIN was only negligibly afected: although tax reputation, arsenic may be important in revenues declined by 6 percent overall, Visualizing the treating a type of leukemia. spending decreased by only 2 percent— World at the harvardmag.com/arsenic-18 PUTTING YOUR suggesting that cities relied on debt to Harvard Map provide public services. Collection Zora Neale Hurston in “My interpretation,” Tabellini says, Maps can be the Spotlight

“is that cities allocated less to catego- COLLECTION MAP HARVARD applied to Fresh efforts at Harvard ries where whites and blacks directly in- straightforward ends; they can also be to understand the

FROM THE BOOKTHE FROM GIFTS TO WORK teract, such as education, or where poorer fanciful, surprising, or plain weird. writer’s history and craft blacks would have received a larger im- harvardmag.com/maps200-18 harvardmag.com/hurston-18 plicit transfer, such as sewage and garbage collection.” Limitations in available data didn’t allow him to compare rates of pri- quences: “whether these early patterns were research might encourage readers to think “Ten years from now, I will probably have forgotten many of the things I learned sitting vate schooling during the test period, but one of the reasons that central cities in the about how racism can influence these seem- in Harvard’s classrooms. But what I will remember, and continue to benefit from, are the he notes that “in places that are racially di- 1950s, ’60s, and ’70s were really struggling.” ingly nonpolitical mechanisms—and how skills and knowledge that I acquired through writing about the University as the Steiner verse, whites are much more likely to be in He stresses that his findings were the result policy might be shaped to encourage people Undergraduate Editorial Fellow at Harvard Magazine. Ten weeks of working alongside private schools.” of indirect forces (externalities, in econom- to be more public-spirited. superb editors who respected my opinions, dispensed useful advice, and gave me the His research, Tabellini says, “now pro- ics parlance): drops in home values, rather !marina bolotnikova freedom to explore has fundamentally changed how I write and how I think about writing. vides direct evidence of the fact that the than voters’ explicit preferences for lower- On a technical level, I learned to omit needless words, to make good judgments about Great Migration had important fiscal conse- ing their taxes. Particularly now, when both marco tabellini website: hyphens, to edit and reedit fastidiously, to bring commas inside quotation marks, to quences.” Looking ahead, he wants to inves- scholars and the general public are more in- hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/profle. paraphrase uncompelling quotes, and to never end a paragraph with ‘he said.’ From now tigate the long-term impact of those conse- terested in the economic efects of race, the aspx?facId=1060330 onwards, whenever I need to make an editorial decision, I will ask myself: What would my editors at Harvard Magazine do?” – Zara Zhang ’17

We are dedicated to creating a Harvard Extinctions by Ecological Impact,” from the Magazine of the highest quality. Your September-October 2018 issue, about a study donations ensure the magazine’s service to that quantifies the impact of mass extinctions you and help us extend awareness of Harvard on marine ecosystems and could shed light on A SURE THING University’s contributions to others in the the threat of species losses today. Give and receive community and the world. Journalism of • report on Harvard alumni and faculty who this quality and depth is made possible are making a difference around the world. See with a Charitable Gift Annuity to help because of your support. “The ‘Global Chemical Experiment,’” about a proessor mapping invisible ocean pollutants, alleviate human sufering caused by disease STUDENTS AIMING FOR published in the July-August 2018 issue. TOP COLLEGES: Your donations each year enable us to: • report objectively and in depth about University • hire Harvard College undergraduates to Receive strategic advice, tools, and report on the student perspective during guidance from the nation’s premier news and policies—for example, keeping you the academic year and during the summer. CGA Rates: Rates vary by age college consultants, helping students up to date on Harvard’s plan for its expanding for over 20 years. Age 60: 4.9% | Age 70: 6% | Age 80: 7.7% campus in Allston. See “Allston Updates,” Read the quote from a former Steiner • Unparalleled success rate from the March-April 2018 issue and “Allston Fellow (above) and find out more at: • Advising and facilitating every Agonistes” in the September-October 2018 issue. harvardmagazine.com/specialgifts. step of the way • Lessen stress and increase • hire the best-qualified writers to report on Calculate your ﬁxed income for life We need your support to continue college choices the latest in research and teaching under way with our free gift calculator: producing this content on your behalf. Join us for personal admissions counseling. at the University. See, for example, “Ranking Harvard Magazine Call now for information. Make a donation to today. hms.harvard.edu/giftcalculator

or call 1-800-922-1782 TopTierAdmissions.com 781.530.7088 HARVARDMAGAZINE.COM/DONATE [email protected]

12 November - December 2018

Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746

181131_House-Fund-full_v2.indd 1 10/3/18 1:47 PM PUTTING YOUR GIFTS TO WORK

“Ten years from now, I will probably have forgotten many of the things I learned sitting in Harvard’s classrooms. But what I will remember, and continue to beneﬁt from, are the skills and knowledge that I acquired through writing about the University as the Steiner Undergraduate Editorial Fellow at Harvard Magazine. Ten weeks of working alongside superb editors who respected my opinions, dispensed useful advice, and gave me the freedom to explore has fundamentally changed how I write and how I think about writing. On a technical level, I learned to omit needless words, to make good judgments about hyphens, to edit and reedit fastidiously, to bring commas inside quotation marks, to paraphrase uncompelling quotes, and to never end a paragraph with ‘he said.’ From now onwards, whenever I need to make an editorial decision, I will ask myself: What would my editors at Harvard Magazine do?” – Zara Zhang ’17

We are dedicated to creating a Harvard Extinctions by Ecological Impact,” from the Magazine of the highest quality. Your September-October 2018 issue, about a study donations ensure the magazine’s service to that quantifies the impact of mass extinctions you and help us extend awareness of Harvard on marine ecosystems and could shed light on University’s contributions to others in the the threat of species losses today. community and the world. Journalism of • report on Harvard alumni and faculty who this quality and depth is made possible are making a difference around the world. See because of your support. “The ‘Global Chemical Experiment,’” about a proessor mapping invisible ocean pollutants, Your donations each year enable us to: published in the July-August 2018 issue. • report objectively and in depth about University • hire Harvard College undergraduates to news and policies—for example, keeping you report on the student perspective during up to date on Harvard’s plan for its expanding the academic year and during the summer. campus in Allston. See “Allston Updates,” Read the quote from a former Steiner from the March-April 2018 issue and “Allston Fellow (above) and find out more at: Agonistes” in the September-October 2018 issue. harvardmagazine.com/specialgifts. • hire the best-qualified writers to report on We need your support to continue the latest in research and teaching under way producing this content on your behalf. at the University. See, for example, “Ranking Make a donation to Harvard Magazine today.

HARVARDMAGAZINE.COM/DONATE

181131_House-Fund-full_v2.indd 1 10/3/18 1:47 PM CRIMSON CLASSIFIEDS

Private School OPEN HOUSE

A Harvard Magazine special section advertising private schools, boarding schools, and specialty after-school programs.

Discover More DEDHAM COUNTRY DAY at an Admissions Event

The Newman School

A world of learning, in Boston’s Back Bay. The Newman School is a coed, private college preparatory high school in the heart of the Back Bay. We have small class sizes, quality college acceptances, W H Y PRE-K – GRADE 9 OPEN HOUSE and a vibrant sports program. Sun., Nov. 4 | 1:00 – 3:00 PM Students have the option to DCD pursue an International BE INQUISITIVE PRE-K – GRADE 1 ADMISSIONS EVENING* Baccalaureate diploma. Thurs., Nov. 15 | 6:30 – 8:00 PM

For more information, Classroom Observations: *This program starts promptly at 6:30 PM. please contact November 14, January 25 [email protected] PRE-K – GRADE 9 OPEN HOUSE Parents register on our website Tues., Dec. 4 | 9:00 – 11:00 AM Off-Campus Coffees: December 11, January 10 Skip the line by PRE-REGISTERING TODAY rsvp to [email protected] AT FESSENDEN.ORG/OH18 OR CALL 617-630-2300 for details

247 Marlborough Street, Boston, MA COED • PRE-K TO GRADE 8 250 WALTHAM ST., WEST NEWTON, MA 02465 (617) 267-4530 newmanboston.org WWW.DEDHAMCOUNTRYDAY.ORG FESSENDEN.ORG/OH18 | 617-630-2300

78 November - December 2015

181114_PSOH.indd 78 10/4/18 2:14 PM CRIMSON CLASSIFIEDS OPEN HOUSE VOX CAMBRIDGE COLLEGE CONSULTING LLC November 4 We Help Students Navigate the College Admissions Process 1:00-3:00 p.m.

Vox Cambridge provides highly personalized, custom college consulting with sensitivity and warmth. We help students gain insight into their true personality and character, then express it in a way that turns Admissions Oﬃ cers’ heads.

High School With a College Education buacademy.org Contact Kathleen Moore 617-320-2724 // www.voxcambridge.co

Fall Open Houses ADVERTISE IN OUR Sunday PreschoolPreschool - -Grade Grade 8 8 At Lesley Ellis School, November 5 summer personalized instruction, 1 - 3 p.m. education enrichment Fall Open Housesa nationally recognized social justice curriculum, Preschool - Grade 8 an integrated arts SECTION IN THE JANUARY- All School program, and project based learning are all Wednesday, FEBRUARY 2019 ISSUE! Sunday, Novemberpart 4 of teaching students November 15 to be creative problem 1:00 - 3:00 p.m.solvers, critical thinkers, 7 - 8:30 p.m.

Program School Call Gretchen at: 617.496.6686 and global citizens. Middle School (Grades 5 - 8) Middle Email: [email protected] Middle School Come for a visit! facebook.com/lesleyellisschool 34 Winter St. | Arlington, MA 02474 | 781.641.1346 www.lesleyellis.org Skype: hmagclassifieds Wednesday, November 14 DEADLINE: NOVEMBER 15, 2018 7:00 - 8:30 p.m. 34 Winter St. | Arlington, MA 02476 | lesleyellis.org

Get Harvard news every Friday.

harvardmagazine.com/email

Harvard Magazine 79

181114_PSOH.indd 79 10/4/18 2:14 PM Harvard2 Cambridge, Boston, and beyond

1 2 B Extracurriculars Events on and of campus in November and December

1 2 D Twyla Tharp at the ICA/Boston Tracing the efects of minimalism on her work

12F Wintry Haunts Bright lights and scavenger hunts in North Andover

12H Creative Gifts Greater Boston’s thriving seasonal art market 1 2 K James Baldwin Carpenter Center images evoke the writer’s era CHRIS ANDERSON, CDA MEDIA/SOWA

Harvard Magazine 12a

Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 HARVARD SQUARED

The 135th Game Extracurriculars www.gocrimson.com/sports/fball/index The annual competition—and the fftieth Events on and off campus during November and December anniversary of the legendary showdown between Harvard and Yale (that 29-29 SEASONAL Chhandika Institute of Kathak Dance and Game)—takes place this year neither in Diwali: Festival of Lights South Asian Nation), an open-mic session Cambridge nor in New Haven, but at Fen- www.mfa.org with Subcontinental Drift Boston, and tours way Park. (November 17) Celebrate the age-old tradition through of the MFA’s South Asian galleries with art- music and dance performances (by the ist Sunanda Sahay. (November 7) Night Lights: Winter Reimagined From left to right: a cosmonaut ornament, at the Museum of Russian Icons; celebrating www.towerhillbg.org dancer and ballet choreographer Victor Marius Alphonse Petipa, at Houghton Library; and Tower Hill Botanical Garden, in Boylston,

House of Pencils on a Band Wheel, by Richard Shaw, at the Fuller Craft Museum Massachusetts, explores “patterns in na- COLLECTION;CRAFTFULLER THEATRE MUSEUM RUSSIANHARVARD ICONS;OFMUSEUM LEFT: FROM

Lisa Rigby Photography ELEVATE YOUR EVENT WEDDINGS, CORPORATE DINNERS, HOLIDAY RECEPTIONS, GALAS

Triangle Constellation by Carlos Amorales Cheryl Richards Photography Lisa Rigby Photography

781.763.1333 THECATEREDAFFAIR.COM/HARVARDARTMUSEUMS THECATEREDAFFAIR

12b November - December 2018

Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 1730 Massachusetts Ave Cambridge, MA 02138 gailroberts.com [email protected] 617 245-4044

CAMBRIDGE, MA $8,500,000

Building Community One Home at a Time

Supporting: US Fund for UNICEF, The Mt. Auburn Hospital, Huntington Theatre Company, Cambridge Community Foundation, Furnishing Hope of Massachusetts, and Cambridge Jazz Festival

© 2018 Coldwell Banker Residential Brokerage. All Rights Reserved. Coldwell Banker Residential Brokerage fully supports the principles of the Fair Housing Act and the Equal Opportunity Act. Operated by a subsidiary of NRT LLC. Coldwell Banker® and the Coldwell Banker logo are registered service marks owned by Coldwell Banker Real Estate LLC. If your property is currently listed for sale, this is not intended as a solicitation. If your property is listed with a real estate broker, please disregard. It is not our intention to solicit the offerings of other real estate brokers. We are happy to work with them and cooperate fully.

181123_Coldwell-GailRoberts.indd 1 9/26/18 2:23 PM HARVARD SQUARED ture” through enchanting light displays, The 109th Annual dramatizes the true story of six-time world decorations, and botanical forms. Kids are Christmas Carol Services champion boxer Emile Griffth, from his welcome; drinks and treats will be available. www.memorialchurch.harvard.edu early days in the Virgin Islands to the piv- (November 24-December 30) The oldest such services in the country otal Madison Square Garden face-off. feature the Harvard University Choir. (November 16- Decem ber 22) Harvard Wind Ensemble Memorial Church. (December 9 and 11) https://harvardwe.fas.harvard.edu FILM The student group performs its annual Hol- The Christmas Revels Harvard Film Archive iday Concert. Lowell Lecture Hall. www.revels.org www.hcl.harvard.edu/hfa (November 30) A Finnish epic poem, The Kalevala, guides “A On Performance, and Other Cultural Nordic Celebration of the Winter Sol- Rituals: Three Films By Valeska Grise- Harvard Glee Club and Radcliffe stice.” Sanders Theatre. (December 14-29) bach. The director is considered part of Choral Society the Berlin School, a contemporary move- www.harvardgleeclub.org T H E A T E R ment focused on intimate realities of rela- The celebrated singers join forces for Huntington Theatre Company tionships. She is on campus as a visiting art- Christmas in First Church. First Church www.huntingtontheatre.org ist to present and discuss her work. in Cambridge. (December 7) Man in the Ring, by Michael Christofer, (November 17-19)

STAFF PICK:Twyla Tharp Goes music of Billy Joel), and, in 2012, the ballet based on George MacDonald’s eponymous tale The Princess and the Goblin. Back to the Bones Yet “Minimalism and Me” takes the audience back to New York City in the ‘60s and ‘70s, and the emergence of a rigor- Renowned choreographer Twyla Tharp, Ar.D. ’18, known ously spare movement in music and visual arts. The eschewing for her breakthrough innovations bridging ballet and modern of biographical interjections and the emphasis on powerful lines, dance, recounts her early years as a creator in “Minimalism and geometric shapes, and the physical contexts for art would infu- Me” at the Institute of Contemporary Art. Fittingly, the show is ence Tharp, but also coincide with her nascent explorations of an unusual hybrid. Former Twyla Tharp Dance member Richard the naked power of human movement. During a 2015 National Colton gives a pre-performance talk, then Tharp takes the stage Public Radio interview, Tharp recalled how she and a female to offer her own recollections, interspersed with photographs troupe would dance and rehearse in abandoned Manhattan and original-cast flms of some site-specifc dances, as well as buildings—amid decrepitude, with nothing to distract from the performed excerpts of nine seminal works, including “Tank Dive” immersive art of human bodies moving together through (1965), “Generation” (1968), “Dancing in the Streets of London space—“because as a musician I know that people hear better and Paris, continued in Stockholm, and sometimes Madrid” than they see, they hear emotionally, and so I needed to learn (1969), and “The Fugue” (1970). what could movement do. You need to know your own inde- Tharp’s initial works were accompanied only by silence, and pendent heartbeat. You need to Institute of Contemporary Art developed without any audience in mind, she told the Chicago know who you are regardless of www.icaboston.org Tribune when “Minimalism and Me” debuted last year at that city’s anybody around you.” !N.P.B. December 13-16 Museum of Contemporary Art. “I had no music. I had no men in the group. We never had a stage. Basically, it was empty space and time, the most fundamental of materials.” Tharp spent the frst part of her childhood in rural Indiana, then moved to San Bernardino County, California, where her parents ran a drive-in movie theater and encouraged her cultural pursuits. She studied poetry, literature, music, and dance in high school, ultimately landing at Barnard, where she discovered the work of Martha Graham and Merce Cun- ningham, and joined the Paul Taylor Dance Company when she graduated in 1963. “Tank Dive,” her frst offcial chore- graphed work, coincided with the founding of her own company. She went on to create the groundbreaking crossover works “Deuce Coupe” (1973), which paired Joffrey Ballet dancers with Beach Boys music, and “When Push Comes to Shove” (1976), featuring Mikhail Baryshnikov. More recently, she cho- Dancers Twyla Tharp and Graciela reographed the Tony Award-winning Figueroa in After Broadway musical Movin’ Out (with ‘Suite’ (1969) MITCHELLJACK

12d November - December 2018

Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 HARVARD SQUARED Spotlight JUST LISTED 19 Varnum Street, Unit 2 2 bed | 1 bath | 1,062 sqft Garage Parking & Central AC COURTESY OF TARBOX RAMBLERS TARBOX OF COURTESY The Tarbox Ramblers mark the holiday season with their distinctively raw mix of Appalachian music and old-soul blues. They perform on December 21 as part of a music series being hosted by the Charles River Muse um of Industry & In- novation, in Waltham. The original band, formed in Cambridge in 1994 with a fresh jug-band-oriented ethos, has since culti- vated a fan base of all ages attracted to the innovations and Delta blues incanta- tions of the band’s gravel-voiced leader, the guitarist and songwriter Michael Tar- box. !N.P.B. Charles River Museum www.charlesrivermuseum.org December 21 East Arlington condominium,

Jirˇí Trnka, Puppet Master. A pioneer of charming neighborhood stop-motion puppet animation, the infuential Czech flmmaker was also a puppet- amenities with urban maker and a children’s-book illustrator. The series screens nearly all of his flms, conveniences such as his adaptation of A Midsummer Night’s Dream and his subversive trilogy The Good Soldier Sˇvejk. (November 24-De- cember 7)

EXHIBITIONS As one of the top ten real estate agents Radcliffe Institute in Cambridge, I credit my success to local www.radcliffe.harvard.edu market knowledge, a strong repeat and Measure. Anna Von Mertens employs referral network, and my background in drawing and quilting to explore the life and building and renovations. I love bringing work of astronomer and 1892 Radcliffe my enthusiasm and fresh perspective to graduate Henrietta Leavitt, whose fndings the home-buying and selling process. infuenced current views on the shape of the cosmos. Johnson-Kulukundis Family Gallery, Byerly Hall. (November 9-January 19) Selling Cambridge homes for over a decade

Peabody Museum of Archaeology & Ethnology www.peabody.harvard.edu A pilot program enables visitors to look at 171 Huron Avenue | Cambridge, MA 02138 artifacts while listening to recordings from [email protected] | 617.593.3120 | www.MaggieCurrier.com

Harvard Magazine 12e

Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 HARVARD SQUARED the Native American Poets Playlist, drawn from New Poets of Native Nations Spotlight (2018), edited by Heidi E. Erdrich. (Through Mining the badinage common within November 30) tonsorial realms, Barber Shop Chronicles refects facets of African maleness and Houghton Library the diaspora—along with the merits of https://library.harvard.edu a clean cut and other timely matters. Step Back: Seeing Ballet’s Future in the The Nigerian-born playwright and poet Past. Photographs, books, dance notations, Inua Ellams weaves together personal and other items from the Harvard The- and political ruminations in a drama that atre Collection reveal the infuence of takes place all in one day, but across six dancer and choreographer Victor Marius cities. The scenes jump from a trim and Alphonse Petipa, creator of Swan Lake, a shave in London to African urban cen-

Don Quixote, and The Nutcracker, among oth- ters, with the shops linked by a global BRENNER ©MARC ers. (Through December 18) soccer match playing on TV. It’s a per- Barber Shop Chronicles stops at the American fect set-up for barber-chair philosophizing, Repertory Theater during its premier Unit- Fuller Craft Museum boasts, hurts, arid complaints, and vivid ed States tour. !N.P.B. www.fullercraft.org storytelling—all of which occur. Acclaimed Loeb Drama Center Tricks of the Trade: Illusions in Craft- during its run at London’s National Theatre, December 5-January 5 Based Media is a contemporary look at the long tradition of trompe l’oeil and poses questions about what we see, or think we that extol productivity. (November 9-Jan- works, mostly from the Victoria and Albert see, and why. (Through November 18) uary 27) Museum, that trace the stories’ origin and impact. (Through January 6) Museum of Russian Icons Museum of Fine Arts www.museumofrussianicons.org www.mfa.org LECTURES Corncobs to Cosmonauts: Redefn- What is the enduring appeal of a honey- Radcliffe Institute ing the Holidays During the Soviet loving bear and his friends? Winnie-the- www.radcliffe.harvard.edu Era. Ornaments, toys, books, and cards Pooh: Exploring a Classic offers 200 “Midterm Elections Discussion Pan- el.” Academics, activists, journalists, and political consultants analyze the November ALL IN A DAY: Winter’s Bright Spots results. Knafel Center. (December 4)

The Stevens-Coolidge Place, an estate in North Andover, Massachusetts, is hosting N A T U R E A N D S C I E N C E Winterlights (November 23-December 31), and a New Year’s Resolution Scav- The Arnold Arboretum enger Hunt (December 22-January 6). Visitors can stroll the artfully illuminated man- www.arboretum.harvard.edu sion and grounds while enjoying music, guided tours, and wintry activities organized by Jazz clarinetist, author, and professor of the property’s steward, the Trustees of Reservations. (Farther west, in Stockbridge, the philosophy and music at New Jersey Insti- Trustees are also running Winterlights events at Naumkeag.) This former summer tute of Technology David Rothenberg home of Helen and John Gardner Coolidge, A.B. 1884 (a descendant of Thomas Jef- ’84 (“The Music of Birds...and Whales,” ferson, and nephew of art patron Isabella Stewart Gardner) sits amid bountiful gardens; March-April 2007) explores “What Na- the roses may be long gone, ture Sounds Are Music?” but there are choice ever- (November 17) greens, a serpentine wall, the skeletal beauty of an old or- P O E T R Y chard—and that scavenger Woodberry Poetry Room hunt. Look inside the estate’s www.hcl.harvard.edu/poetryroom “Little Free Library” for a list Deaf Republic: A Performance of 15 resolutions prompting features award-winning, Odessa- searches for natural objects born poet Ilya Kaminsky, who and signs of wildlife. Fun for lost much of his hearing as a boy any age, or an intergenera- yet went on to become a lawyer, tional team, the hunt fosters editor, translator, and co-founder external (and internal) explo- of Poets for Peace. ration beftting a (December 4) Snowy long New England grounds winter. !N.P.B. at sunset Events listings are also accessible

TRUSTEES at www.harvardmagazine.com.

12f November - December 2018

Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 181129_LuxbondGreen.indd 1 9/27/18 9:50 AM EXPLORATIONS

Creative Gifts Greater Boston’s thriving seasonal art markets by nell porter brown

Crowds at the Harvard Ceramics

ach year, organizers of the Harvard Program sale peruse the pottery (above Ceramics Program Holiday Show and left); next door, the Allston- and Sale hide the potters’ wheels Brighton Winter Market offers local art, E and messy buckets of clay to hang music, and food. pine boughs and stock up on apple cider, individual’s artistic endeavors—that’s re- transforming the studios into a showplace ally wonderful.” for hundreds of objects made by program Many of those at the annual holi- ALLSTONBRIGHTON WINTER (3) ARTS MARKET/HARVARD ceramicists. Some 4,000 people turn up to day ceramics sale (there’s another see and buy items ranging from fanciful soap held every spring) are faithful at- HARVARD CERAMICS PROGRAM/HARVARD ARTS (3) ARTS PROGRAM/HARVARD CERAMICS HARVARD dishes, mugs, and vases to jewelry, dinner- tendees who enjoy socializing as ware, and sculptures. much as seeing new works. Along The sale—this year running December with other browsers and shoppers 6-9—is not only a chance to respond to who may be new to the program, or holiday shopping lists with unique gifts; even the art form, they will be treat- it also furthers the cause of creativity and ed to a new attraction this year: in bolsters the local economy. (Artists earn 65 the front gallery, a ceramicist will percent of the sale price; the balance is fun- be throwing clay, working on a pot- neled back into the program.) Perhaps even ter’s wheel, and explaining how ob- more important, the event, and others like jects take shape. it across Greater Boston this season, ofer a After you’ve admired enough pottery, care products company Brown + Coconut, meaningful, intangible exchange. The art- head next door to the festive Allston-Brigh- and Lindsay Miller, who creates and sells ists have the chance to exhibit work that ton Winter Market (December 6-9), spon- hats and scarves through her business, Wo- might not otherwise be seen, says Kathy sored by the Harvard Ed Portal. Now in its He-Lo Knitwear (short for “Work, Health, King, the program’s director of education, second year, the event celebrates local arti- Love”). and “There’s something about that connec- sans and entrepreneurs and features about Art plus food trucks, live music, and tion for the buyer—to know where a piece 25 vendors, like sisters Letisha and Zeena a beer garden featuring micro-brews by came from, and that they are supporting an Brown, founders of the plant-based skin- Somerville’s Remnant Brewing give the

12h November - December 2018

Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 HARVARD SQUARED

Check out works by new and established artists at The School of the Museum of Fine Arts at Tufts Art Sale (above and Document1Document1 11/20/03 11/20/03 11:51 11:51 AM AM Page Page 1 1 left); The SoWa Winter Festival includes hundreds of artists and crafters, along with food trucks, drinks, and market more of a party feel, and activities. nicely complement the ceramics sale. “You Public Afairs and Communications. stands for “South of Washington,” an area

can come browse the wares, listen to live Far larger is the popular SoWa Winter bounded by Berkeley and Albany Streets, (2) TUFTS AT ARTS FINE OF MUSEUM THE OF SCHOOL THE music, sip on a beer, enjoy a meal, and make Festival in Boston’s South End (November with Massachusetts Avenue to the west.) your holiday-gift purchases from a curated 30-December 2 and December 7-9). In fact, “It’s the time of year that people are ready selection of local vendors,” says Eva Rosen- so many people turned out in 2017 that orga- to come and shop and drink hot chocolate berg, assistant director for arts at Harvard nizers have added a second weekend. (SoWa and stroll around,” says Aida Villarreal-Li- CHRIS ANDERSON, CDA MEDIA/SOWA (3) MEDIA/SOWA CDA ANDERSON, CHRIS

ASSISTEDASSISTEDLIVINGLIVINGRETIREMENTRETIREMENTCOMMUNITYCOMMUNITY Independent and Assisted Living Here’sSpecializedHere’s what what Memory people people Care are are Whatsayingsaying do Harvard about about us. alumni us. have in common? Cadbury Commons An Uncommon Senior Residence

Name:Name:MiltonMilton R. R. Occupation:Occupation:PostalPostal Supervisor, Supervisor, Retired Retired Hobbies:Hobbies:Reading,Reading, Walking, Walking, Exercising Exercising Lifestyle:Lifestyle:Independent,Independent, Active Active ChoiceChoice of Senior/Assisted of Senior/Assisted Living: Living: CadburyCadbury Commons Commons The Harvard alumni who chose “There“There is a is stable a stable and and gentle gentle atmosphere atmosphere of Cadbury helpof help and andCommons empathy empathy throughout throughoutmay have the the community.retiredcommunity. from I feel Iwork, feelassured assured but that not thatI am fromI partam part oflife. of others’others’ lives, lives, as they as they are ofare mine. of mine. For Formyself, myself, I feelIMuseum feel that that Cadbury CadburyVisits Commons • CommonsPlay Reading provides provides a a wellSymphonywell trained trained and andcaring Selections caring group group of •people ofLecture people who who are interestedare interested in my in welfare.”my welfare.” Series • Yoga • Organic Gardening CallCall (617) (617) 868-0575 868-0575 to arrange to arrange a personal a personal tour,Calltour, (617) or visit or 868-0575 visit www.cadburycommons.com www.cadburycommons.com to arrange a personal tour, WhereWhereor visitThe www.cadburycommons.comThe Emphasis Emphasis Is On Is OnLiving Living 66 Sherman6666 Sherman Sherman Street, Street, Street, Cambridge, Cambridge, Cambridge, EQUAL EQUAL MA 02140◆ ◆ (617) 868-0575 HOUSING HOUSING MAMA 02140 02140 (617)• (617)868-0575 868-0575 OPPTY OPPTY

Harvard Magazine 12i

Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 HARVARD SQUARED tion to the festival is strongly encouraged, as parking is limited.) For those eager to get a jump on the holiday season, members of Somerville’s Brickbottom Artists Association and nearby Joy Street Artists complex open their live-work studios for the thirty-ﬁrst annual pre-Thanksgiving art fête (November 17-18). Food and drinks are available, as

THE SOCIETY OF ARTS AND CRAFTS (2) CRAFTS AND ARTS OF SOCIETY THE art enthusiasts roam Brickbottom, a for- The Society of Arts and Crafts runs mer industrial building, learning about CraftBoston Holiday, where fne-craft art and the creative process. Works in ev- artists from across the country showcase their creative endeavors. ery medium, format, and price range are available, from textiles, photographs, met- cona, SoWa director of community arts and lotions, candles, clothing, jewelry, mini-ter- alwork, and pottery to paintings, jewelry, events. “The festival is a fun thing to do, and rariums, wooden bowls, and seasonal deco- and sculptures. it’s got the ‘winter wonderland tent,’ with rative items. To meet more than 175 leading ﬁne-craft lots of lights and that nice, warm holiday Moreover, dozens of art galleries and artists, check out the CraftBoston Holiday vibe people are looking for.” In addition to shops in the neighborhood will also be Show, at the Hynes Convention Center in that pop-up tent on Thayer Street, which open, along with the studios of some 200 the Back Bay (December 14-16). Expect to has live music, drinks, and hands-on art artists who live and work in and around see diverse, ingenious objects by makers activities, an adjacent building (a former that section of the South End, which Vil- working with materials like leather, paper, power station) will house 105 artisans, she larreal-Licona calls The SoWa Art and De- wood, metal, and ﬁber, including urban- reports, including 25 specialty food-makers sign District. For more elaborate drinks and chic satchels and clothing (by Canadian selling “jams, cider vinegars, spices, pesto food nearby, try: Southern Proper, Gaslight designer Annie Thompson), jewelry fea- sauces, honeys, and other gift-able food.” Brassiere, Cinquecento Roman Trattoria, or turing preserved fruit (from Brooklyn art- Look also for felted hats and booties, body Myers + Chang. (Taking public transporta- ist Debbie Tuch), and glassware resembling

HIGH END LUXURY LIVING THE RESIDENCES AT 20 MARLBORO STREET, BELMONT

HENRIETTA’S BENEDETTO REGATTABAR TABLE RESTAURANT JAZZ CLUB

Impeccably renovated in 2018. 3 units with 2-3 bedrooms. Front and back porches. Generous rooms with sunny exposures. State 1 BENNETT STREET • CAMBRIDGE, MA • 800.882.1818 • CHARLESHOTEL.COM of the art systems. Garage parking plus storage rooms. Ideal location 2 miles from Harvard, convenient to transportation, shops, restaurants, and the universities. Exclusively Offered - $945,000, $769,000, & $995,000 WWW.BARBARACURRIER.COM NOIR BAR & WELLBRIDGE CORBU SPA THE CURRIER TE AM COCKTAIL LOUNGE ATHLETIC CLUB & SALON Coldwell Banker 171 Huron Ave, Cambridge, MA Call or text 617.593.7070 [email protected]

BARBARA CURRIER • RYAN FERRO • SISY QU

12j November - December 2018

Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 HARVARD SQUARED Thousands of works by emerging and established visual artists are on display at the annual SMFA Art Sale (The School of the Museum of Fine Arts at Tufts, in Bos- ton). This popular, four-day event (Novem- ber 15-18) reﬂects a range of media—painting, drawing, photography, sculpture, and even video—as well as jewelry; all objects The Brickbottom Artists Association, in are made by students, alumni, faculty, and Somerville, has been hosting an open others afliated with the school. Prices can studios show and sale since 1987. range widely, from $15 to $30,000; artists re- Also planned are afternoon talks and ceive 50 percent of the sale price of their spun silk (by R. Jason Howard, of upstate demonstrations, as well as a fashion show. work; the other half supports ﬁnancial aid New York). Incorporated in 1897, the Society both sup- and other resources for SMFA students. The The juried show, organized by The Soci- ports the work of and fosters appreciation sale is fun no matter when you go, but for ety of Arts and Crafts, aims for a balance of for contemporary craft artists. It’s based in an especially lively evening out, attend the styles, materials, and functionality, accord- Boston’s Seaport District, with a large, airy opening reception on November 15, which ing to April L. Ranck ’75, director of com- gallery space. Two new exhibits open No- munity and strategic partnerships. Along vember 8: “Adorning Boston and Beyond: BRICKBOTTOM ARTISTS ASSOCIATION (2) ASSOCIATION ARTISTS BRICKBOTTOM with clothing and “millinery, woven silks Contemporary Studio Jewelry Then + Now” and batiks,” she says, is “furniture, lighting, and “Our Cups Runneth Over,” the Society’s kitchenware. It’s a good place for gifts—and sixth biennial show and sale touting cre- apartment and house décor.” ative drinking vessels.

CURIOSITIES: Photography in Baldwin’s Era

“Time is Now: Photography and Social Change in James Bald- the seismic cultural win’s America,” on display through December 30 at the Sert transformations of- Gallery, features images taken from the early 1930s through the ten chronicled or cri- late 1980s by more than a dozen photographers. A joint effort tiqued by the writer.

by the Carpenter Center for the Visual Arts and Harvard Art Marion Palf’s 1949 Museums, the exhibition evokes places, as well as personal and untitled photograph historic events, that infuenced Baldwin and his work. “The ex- of the wife of a lynch- hibit looks at the way that photography can be transformative, ing victim, from her and really calls witness to what was happening in the world” series “There Is No during Baldwin’s lifetime, says Daisy Nam, assistant director of More Time,” shares the Carpenter Center. Its themes include religion, music, the space with Diane Ar- Unite or Perish, Chicago role of race in America, sexuality, bus’s 1965 image A HARVARDART MUSEUMS/FOGG MUSEUM, RICHARD FORTHE AND ACQUISITION RONAY MENSCHEL OF FUND PHOTOGRAPHS.2018.116

HARVARDART MUSEUMS/FOGG MUSEUM, FUND FORTHE ACQUISITION OF PHOTOGRAPHS.2018.119 (1968), by John Simmons and family life, and highlight facets of Young Negro Boy, Washington Square Park, James Baldwin,Colored N.Y.C. Also featured are Entrance Only, New Orleans (1963), by Steve Schapiro the pioneering fne-art photographer Roy De- Carava, who captured African-American life and jazz musicians in Harlem; Marion Post Wolcott, documenter of American rural life and poverty during the Great De- pression; and Robert Frank, who collaborated with Beat Generation novelist Jack Kerouac on the infuential 1958 book The Americans, which challenged romantic conceptions of the American Dream. !BRANDON J. DIXON

Carpenter Center for the Visual Arts https://carpenter.center “Time is Now: Photography and Social Change in James Baldwin’s America” Through December 30

Harvard Magazine 12k

Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 HARVARD SQUARED includes light fare and a cash bar, along with “Even those not making the art want to music and performances. participate somehow—and open studios and New england winters are a good time to hunker down and create art—or at least arts-and-craft sales ofer prime opportunities get out and be inspired by others’ art-making. Kathy King, of Harvard’s ceramics pro- for that inspiring engagement.” gram, has seen an “explosion of interest” among those who want to engage with art they are mainly staring at screens, glued to an act of activism! To take that one night and “work with their hands.” “The major- technology,” she suggests, and they’re learn- and sit down and make art? It’s great for ity of our classes ﬁll up within minutes” of ing that they want more tactile, less passive one’s psyche and health.” That interest also registration information appearing online, engagement with activities. “Giving them- translates, she says, into wanting to see and she adds. “People are at the point now that selves the time to be creative is almost like buy more artful, handmade objects. “People are getting more creative about what they surround themselves with at home because they see that it adds to the experience” of living, she reports. “Even those not making WHY I JOINED the art want to participate somehow—and open studios and arts-and-craft sales ofer THE HARVARD prime opportunities for that inspiring en- CLUB OF BOSTON gagement.”

There are many diferent reasons to join the Harvard Club of Boston. Amy Norton is a graduate of the Divinity School at Harvard, and here’s why she joined. SMFA Art Sale (Boston) www.smfa.tufts.edu November 15-18 Brickbottom and Joy I joined the Harvard Club as a graduate student Street Open Studios (Somerville) www.brickbottom.org to meet new people and network. While I was www.joystreetartists.org

job-searching after graduation, I was on a tight November 17-18 budget, yet I maintained my membership The SoWa Winter Festival

because the Club had become a place where I (Boston) felt like I belonged. I met people at the Club www.sowaboston.com “ November 30-December 2 who would become my closest friends, and who helped sustain me through that challenging “ and December 7-9 year. I’m giving back by serving on the Member Harvard Ceramics Program Engagement Committee, and co-chairing the Holiday Show and Sale (Boston) https://ofa.harvard.edu/show-and- Young Member Committee. sale The Harvard Club has December 6-9 Allston-Brighton Winter become my community. Market (Boston) https://edportal.harvard.edu/ — Amy Norton ’16 allston-brighton-winter-market December 6-9 For more information regarding membership, CraftBoston Holiday (Boston) please call 617-450-4444 or visit harvardclub.com. www.societyofcrafts.org December 14-16 Back Bay Clubhouse | 374 Commonwealth Ave, Boston, MA Downtown Clubhouse | One Federal Street, Boston, MA

12l November - December 2018

Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 HARVARD SQUARED

BE PRESENT: Experiential Holiday Gifts for Everyone on Your List T ere’s no place quite like Boston and Cambridge during the holiday season — Harvard Square and Back Bay storefronts busy and bustling, Beacon Hill and South End townhouses framed by twinkling lights, and snow falling on the Common. T ere’s also plenty to do, from holiday festivals to cooking classes, making for magical gift-giving experiences—and memories. ’Tis the season to raise a glass, and there are plenty of ways to do it around town while learning something in the process. Know a busy host or hostess? Treat them to a visit at Barbara Lynch’s B&G Oysters in the South End for a personalized oyster-shucking class. Lessons for two include B&G branded Now enrolling! oyster knives to take home for your own soirée, plus a dozen 1st Semester (now through 1/5/19) oysters and two glasses of bubbly. www.bandgoysters.com. nd And if you’re feeling extra crafty yourself, visit the 2 Semester (begins 1/7/19) Fairmont Copley Plaza’s Gingerbread House for Grownups on Monday, December 10, and Tuesday, December 11. Age 3, youth, Decorate your own house to take home for the holidays—or teen-adult-pointe to present to a loved one. T e hotel’s culinary team is on

COURTESY OF BANDGOYSTERS.COM OF COURTESY hand to help, and seasonal cocktails are included in the Visit us at: ticket price to help fuel creativity. www.fairmont.com. Or grab a pal and sign up for a Chocolate Holiday Art class at the Cambridge Center freshpondballet.com for Adult Education on Wednesday, December 12. A professional chocolate and sugar artist—yes, that’s a real job!—helps students create holiday-themed chocolate crafts. You’ll Nina Alonso, Director, FPB leave with a sweet decorative piece, made from responsibly sourced cacao. If this seems 1798a Mass Ave, Cambridge daunting, swing by CCAE’s new Mistletoe Art Fair on Saturday, December 15, to purchase 617.491.5865 a unique piece from a local artist. www.ccae.org. If spirits are more your speed, visit the Pasta Table at the Charles Hotel’s Benedetto in Harvard Square for a personalized amaro tasting. T e herbal liqueur is the perfect cold-weather treat, spicy and earthy. Spirits director Charles Coykendall showcases f ve of his favorite amari, Teaching the World® paired with your choice of sweet or savory dishes, for up to six friends. Be sure to snap pictures in front of the lighted tree at the hotel’s upper courtyard, too. www.benedettocambridge.com. For an equally sophisticated treat, gather your

group for high tea at the Taj in Back Bay. T e @EMOTAKESPICTURES OF COURTESY LIBERTYHOTEL luxury hotel hosts a “Royal Holiday” fête of f nger sandwiches, canapés, pastries, and wintry teas with all the accompaniments—including a tea-and-champagne cocktail— T ursday through Sunday afternoons throughout December. It’s the perfect fortif cation before strolling the Newbury Street boutiques. www.thetajboston.com. Of course, sometimes it’s easier just to stumble upstairs after holiday revelry. In that case, ALL SCHOOL OPEN HOUSE spend a festive weekend with a loved one at the Liberty Hotel. T eir Winter Wonderland SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 3, 2018 package includes two tickets to ice skating at Frog Pond on Boston Common, plus two hot 10AM-1PM toddies at the Liberty Bar. www.libertyhotel.com. But if you have everything you truly need, why not make CambridgeOpen Campus: House 45 Matignon Road the season brighter for someone else? Gather up to six of your friends or family for a day of volunteering at the Women’s PRESCHOOL & KINDERGARTEN Lunch Place in the Back Bay, a day shelter community for OPEN HOUSE 9am-12pm women experiencing homelessness or poverty. WLP serves SATURDAY, JANUARY 26, 2019 breakfast and lunch, presented restaurant-style on china, Preschool and10AM-1PM Kindergarten complete with fresh f owers. Shifts are available throughout Cambridge Campus: 45 Matignon Road the year, including on T anksgiving and Christmas Day. Arlington Campus: 17 Irving Street www.womenslunchplace.org. To learn more, call 617.499.1459 ! KARA BASKIN To learn more, call 617.499.1459

COURTESY OF WOMENSLUNCHPLACE.ORG OF COURTESY or visit www.isbos.org or visit www.isbos.org ISB is accredited by NEASC (New England Association of Schools and Colleges), CIS (Council of International Schools), MEN (French Ministry of Education) and IB (International Baccalaureate).

181137_H2-roundup_v5.indd 1 10/11/18 12:30 PM HARVARD SQUARE BUSINESS ASSOCIATION ADVERTISING SECTION 10/12/18 10:57 AM

30 noon p.m. ESQ.

, Fall Open Houses October Tuesday, 3:30–5:30 November Wednesday, 9:30–12:00 Contact Us to Learn More (617) 868-8658 oaring. ELEVATE ! & • www.saintpaulschoirschool.us Success- and results-oriented attorney SERVICES: & Estates Trusts • Businesses of and Sale • Purchase • Contracts Estate • Real & Licensing Zoning • Protecting to Related All Matters • Their Property and People with highly developed practical judgment. ANGELA M. SULLIVAN M. ANGELA mount auburn street harvard square www.harvardmagazine.com/harvardsquare SAINT PAUL’S CHOIR SCHOOL SAINT PAUL’S 29 617.868.8658 EDUCATE 3-8 : Teachers support the ways boys learn best learn support the ways boys Teachers Rooted in Catholic faith and values in Catholic Rooted Graduates attend the Boston area’s attend the Boston area’s Graduates Grades Grades

• • • • strongest secondary strongest schools St. Paul’s Choir School provides an extraordinary an extraordinary Choir School provides Paul’s St. that forms experience academic and musical service, integrity, men of achievement, young dence. and conﬁ CONTACT Angela M. Sullivan, Esq. Sullivan, M. Angela Building Company Banker 2nd Floor Street, Eliot 14A 02138 MA Cambridge, 617-864-9977 Telephone Est. 2001 :30-6:30, Sun 12-5 :30-6:30, Sun 9 617.547.1230 30 Brattle Street Cambridge, MA 02138 FINE STATIONERY FINE DIARIES & JOURNALS www.BobSlateStationer.com OFFICE & ART SUPPLIES & ART OFFICE & WRITING INSTRUMENTS & WRITING Hours: Mon-Sat the center of Harvard Square! center the See websiteSee extended holiday for hours. HOLIDAY CARDS & GIFT WRAP GIFT & CARDS HOLIDAY 5 Brattle Street, Cambridge - in in - Cambridge Street, Brattle 5 Thank you for shopping locally! shopping for Thank you 181103_HSBA_v1.indd 3 10/12/18 11:17 AM

packages. CambridgeUSA.org Cambridge Annual “Everyone Loves Latkes” Loves “Everyone Annual of th www.harvardsquare.com SQUARE Harvard Scare Harvard Music Month Folk Thanksgiving Black/Plaid events Friday Kicko f Sparklefest and Tree Lighting at the Charles Hotel Sparklefest 12 Christmas Day Christmas Festivities Eve Year’s New Shop Over Weekend Over Shop in Eve Christmas Celebrate Square Harvard 11/23 12/31 11/22 11/24 12/25 12/24 12/1-12 11/1-30 10/27-31 12/14-16 SQUARES 11/24-12/31 this holiday season. this holiday Shop the Good things come in come Good things FALL & WINTER EVENTS IN HARVARD SQUARE SHOPPING SHOPPING GUIDE 2

Harvard Magazine Harvard

hroughout its long history, history, long its hroughout played has Square Harvard

owned retailers, to ensure that that to ensure retailers, owned to thrive. continues Square the We invite you to support these these to support you invite We family- and businesses local Square Business Association. pages to showcase the business business the showcase to pages members of the Harvard That is why each spring and fall dedicates several advertising do so year after year. year do so a special role in the Harvard Harvard the in role special a to continues it and community, Harvard

shop local T

HARVARD SQUARE BUSINESS ASSOCIATION ADVERTISING SECTION 181103_HSBA_v1.indd 2 HARVARD SQUARE BUSINESS ASSOCIATION ADVERTISING SECTION 10/12/18 10:57 AM

30 noon p.m. ESQ.

, Contact Us to Learn More (617) 868-8658 Fall Open Houses October Tuesday, 3:30–5:30 November Wednesday, 9:30–12:00 oaring. ELEVATE ! & • www.saintpaulschoirschool.us Success- and results-oriented attorney SERVICES: & Estates Trusts • Businesses of and Sale • Purchase • Contracts Estate • Real & Licensing Zoning • Protecting to Related All Matters • Their Property and People with highly developed practical judgment. ANGELA M. SULLIVAN M. ANGELA mount auburn street harvard square www.harvardmagazine.com/harvardsquare SAINT PAUL’S CHOIR SCHOOL SAINT PAUL’S 29 617.868.8658 EDUCATE 3-8 : Teachers support the ways boys learn best learn support the ways boys Teachers Rooted in Catholic faith and values in Catholic Rooted Graduates attend the Boston area’s attend the Boston area’s Graduates Grades Grades

Cambridge, MA 02138 FINE STATIONERY FINE DIARIES & JOURNALS

www.BobSlateStationer.com OFFICE & ART SUPPLIES & ART OFFICE & WRITING INSTRUMENTS & WRITING Hours: Mon-Sat the center of Harvard Square! center the See websiteSee extended holiday for hours. HOLIDAY CARDS & GIFT WRAP GIFT & CARDS HOLIDAY 5 Brattle Street, Cambridge - in in - Cambridge Street, Brattle 5 Thank you for shopping locally! shopping for Thank you 181103_HSBA_v1.indd 3 10/12/18 11:17 AM

packages. CambridgeUSA.org Cambridge Annual “Everyone Loves Latkes” Loves “Everyone Annual of th www.harvardsquare.com SQUARE Sparklefest 12 Harvard Scare Harvard Music Month Folk Thanksgiving Black/Plaid events Friday Kicko f Sparklefest and Tree Lighting at the Charles Hotel Shop Over Weekend Over Shop in Eve Christmas Celebrate Square Harvard Day Christmas Festivities Eve Year’s New 11/23 12/31 11/22 11/24 12/25 12/24 12/1-12 11/1-30 10/27-31 12/14-16 SQUARES 11/24-12/31 this holiday season. this holiday Shop the Good things come in come Good things FALL & WINTER EVENTS IN HARVARD SQUARE SHOPPING SHOPPING GUIDE 2

Harvard Magazine Harvard Harvard Square has played played has Square Harvard hroughout its long history, history, long its hroughout a special role in the Harvard Harvard the in role special a to continues it and community, after year. year do so That is why each spring and fall dedicates several advertising business the showcase to pages members of the Harvard Square Business Association. these to support you invite We family- and businesses local that to ensure retailers, owned to thrive. continues Square the Harvard shop local T

HARVARD SQUARE BUSINESS ASSOCIATION ADVERTISING SECTION 181103_HSBA_v1.indd 2 10/12/18 11:03 AM theportersquarehotel.com 617-499-3399 Rebekah Brooks Studio rebekahbrooks.com 617-864-1639 School Choir St. Paul’s saintpaulchoirschool.us 617-868-8658 Angela M. Sullivan M. Sullivan Angela 617-864-9977 Ink Black blackink.com 617-497-1221 Stationer Bob Slate bobslatestationer.com 617-547-1230 USA Cambridge cambridge-usa.org Hotel Charles The charleshotel.com 617-864-1200 Ballet Pond Fresh freshpondballet.com 617-491-5865 Harvard Square Business Association harvardsquare.com of Boston School International isbos.org 617-499-1451 & Peirce Leavitt leavitt-peirce.com 617-547-0576 Porter Square Hotel • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • SHOPPING SHOPPING DIRECTORY | THEPORTERSQUAREHOTEL.COM | 499-3399 17- | 6 02140 discount. INTHESQ Please ask about our our ask about Please LOCATED IN THE HEART OF CAMBRIDGE. CAMBRIDGE. OF HEART THE IN LOCATED THE NEWEST BOUTIQUE HOTEL BOUTIQUE HOTEL THE NEWEST 1924 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, CAMBRIDGE MA MA CAMBRIDGE AVENUE, 1924 MASSACHUSETTS

shop local

HARVARD SQUARE BUSINESS ASSOCIATION ADVERTISING SECTION 181103_HSBA_v1.indd 4 John Harvard’s Journal

Larry 29 he sun shone brightly on Harvard leges and universities are worthy of has created it—and we are nowhere near and Lawrence S. Bacow on Friday, public support. done,” Bacow probed “the goodness of Har- TOctober 5, as Harvard inaugurated For the first time in my lifetime, vard—and all of our universities” by exam- its twenty-ninth president. He will need to people are expressing doubts about ining their essential values: truth, or veri- tap that solar energy, and other sources, like whether colleges and universities are tas; excellence; and opportunity. Crucially, the support from an appreciative Tercen- even good for the nation. he stressed the point of doing so together: tenary Theatre crowd, to tackle the funda- Answering the question, “What does not only stating higher education’s case to mental issue he summarized in a succinct higher education really contribute to our na- a doubting public, but also calling on aca- sentence early in his 3,600-word, 34-min- tional life?” he asserted, “We need, together, demia to ensure that it is true to its values. ute address: “These are challenging times to reafrm that higher education is a public Thus, universities must embrace “both for higher education in America.” good worthy of support—and beyond that, reassuring truths and unsettling truths,” Elaborating the notes he sounded on a pillar of our democracy, that if dislodged, which arise from those “who challenge our February 11, when his appointment was will change the United States into some- thinking.” Harvard must model the behav- announced, Bacow said: thing fundamentally bleaker and smaller.” ior it hopes to see elsewhere, “For if we can’t For the first time in my lifetime, (The text of his address begins on page 19.) talk about the issues that divide us here, people are actually questioning the After making the case that higher edu- on this extraordinarily beautiful campus— value of sending a child to college. cation’s becoming progressively available where everyone is smart and engaged— For the first time in my lifetime, to more of the citizenry “has not only sup- where the freedom to speak one’s mind is people are asking whether or not col- ported our democracy, but in some sense it one of our defining precepts—where we are

16 November - December 2018 All photographs by Jim Harrison

Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 Lawrence S. Bacow| FRIDAY, OCTOBER 5, 2018

blessed with abundant resources and no one come talented students and scholars from Opposite: President Bacow delivers his goes to sleep in fear for his or her life—there around the world is to undercut America’s inaugural address. Above, clockwise from top left: Dean Emma Dench, representing is no hope for the rest of the world.” intellectual and economic leadership.” Oxford, with Fiona Reynolds (Emmanuel “Our commitment to excellence,” he con- In her inaugural address in 2007—it seems College, Cambridge) and Gifford Combs tinued later, “should never be interpreted as a diferent era now—historian Drew Faust (University of Cambridge); MIT president an embrace of elitism. The excellence we rep- emphasized universities’ obligations to the L. Rafael Reif salutes “favorite son” Larry Bacow (MIT ’72) with a (meaningful) gag resent is not a birthright. It is not something past (culture, the arts, their collections) and gift; the University Band; poet Amanda inherited by those born privileged—or even the future (research, innovation, and teach- S.C. Gorman ’20; and an emotional by those born with great aptitude. It is de- ing), more than to the present. For Lawrence blessing from the Bacows’ rabbi and friend, ﬁned by more than numbers, and it encom- S. Bacow—social scientist, lawyer, seasoned Wesley Gardenswartz ’83, J.D. ’86 passes spark and imagination, grit and deter- academic leader—the focus is, necessarily, Ofce for the Arts, showcased students and mination.” Accordingly, “We need to remind on higher education’s present: full of op- teachers making and performing multiple the nation of the degree to which America’s portunities for discoveries and progress, arts at the University. In the wake of the greatness depends upon this commitment to but also full of very present dangers. Faust administration’s arts initiative, there excellence—and the fact that supporting ex- are more practitioners on the faculty, teach- cellence at college and university campuses Crimson Celebrations ing a broader range of performers—includ- does not run counter to the best interests of If bacow’s remarks looked principally ing the undergraduates newly concentrating those who feel left behind by our society.” outward (the single campus initiative he de- in theater, dance, and media. As for opportunity, this son of refugees tailed was a commitment to raise funds for The talents on display ranged from pianist was moving and eloquent on the need to public-service internships for all interest- Tony Yang ’21 and Carissa Chen ’21 perform- welcome and nurture people of talent: “It’s ed undergraduates), the inauguration was ing a “duet” of sorts (she painting a large certainly one measure of a just society, how thoroughly Harvardian. canvas while he played Debussy’s “Clair de well we treat the least powerful among us. Thursday night, in Sanders Theatre, the lune”) to a cutting-edge, Asian-fusion-jazz But beyond goodness, we must make the “Musical Prelude to the Inauguration: A quartet: Rosenblatt professor of the arts case for common sense: that failing to wel- Welcome and Celebration,” crafted by the and jazz pianist Vijay Iyer; senior lecturer

Harvard Magazine 17

Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 Inauguration

on music and director of advisers”: Bacow’s Harvard jazz bands Yosvany Terry; doctoral mentors, still ac- and graduate students Rajna tive members of the faculty, Swaminathan, a percussionist and whom he recognized and composer, and Ganavya Doraiswa- thanked in his remarks later. my, a vocalist. Tradition was served The Inauguration Theme and when three undergraduate a cap- Fanfare, performed by the pella groups—the Krokodiloes, the Harvard-Radclife Orches- Harvard Opportunes, and the Rad- tra, is home-grown: a clife Pitches—singly and together composition by Wil- performed a medley of modified Mo- liams professor of urban town hits (sample lyric: “He’s planning and design Je- leaving on that midnight T to rold Kayden ’75, J.D. ’79, Harvard”), an afectionate nod a trumpeter and HRO to Bacow’s Michigan roots. president in college. Lawrence Bacow and Adele In selecting John P. Fleet Bacow, exhilarated and Reardon Jr. ’60 to serve clearly moved, came to the stage as master of ceremonies, to applaud the performers. She beginning with the call thanked the artists for their in- to order, Bacow settled delible demonstration of “the on the living embodi- passion, the soul of Harvard.” ment of the Universi- He extended the thank-you to Clockwise from top left: M.C. ty’s last half-century: the people backstage who had John P. Reardon Jr. ’60; Cath- associate dean of ad- erine L. Zhang ’19; Calixto made the performance possible. Sáenz; Adele Fleet Bacow with missions and financial The Bacows were very much on duty the schlep stuf from cars to dorm Richard Zeckhauser, one of aid, director of athlet- next morning, as visiting dignitaries and rooms on a hot August morn- Larry Bacow’s Ph.D. advisers ics, executive director friends of Harvard present for the occasion ing. In mid September, they of the Harvard Alumni were served a continental breakfast-cum- traveled to his boyhood home, in Pontiac, and Association, adviser to the president and edification at “A Taste of Harvard,” under to Detroit, where he unveiled research part- the Governing Boards, and Harvard Med- the tent on the Science Center Plaza: fuel nerships with the University of Michigan to alist—the consummate Harvard people- plus exhibitions on projects, programs, and address urban poverty and the opioid crisis: person. Reveling in the occasion, Reardon partnerships from across the University, in- templates for extending Harvard’s reach and proclaimed, “What a beautiful day for this cluding the student-run Crimson EMS, the impact. And speaking to faculty members at a great inauguration.” research assets of the Harvard Forest, Har- teaching symposium a week later, he put their The choice of “America the Beautiful” as vard Law School’s Veterans Legal Clinic, and work on campus in a broader context, as well, the initial anthem reflects the aspirational more. As is their wont (as the community is asking, “How can we ensure that what we are nature of the lyrics, according to Andrew G. coming to understand), the couple appeared doing here benefits all the students who are Clark, director of choral activities and senior to visit each exhibit, greet guests for casu- trying to learn in America?” lecturer on music. As such, it ties to Bacow’s al conversation, and generally enjoy them- At its core, of course, Harvard is commit- personal narrative as the son of refugees who selves on an increasingly brilliant morning. ted to research and teaching. After the in- fled Europe for the United States, to make This was only the latest demonstration of auguration breakfast, eight simultaneous new lives. Having Cambridge seventh-grad- their personal engagement with seeming- symposiums showcased aspects of faculty er Alan Chen as lead soloist made it explic- ly everyone on campus (a hallmark of their scholarship, from behavioral economics, itly intergenerational, and underscored Har- presence during his Tufts presidency)—es- data science, and genomics to such policy vard’s ties to its home community. (The day tablishing relationships and promoting mes- challenges as delivering efective early-child- had personal connections for Clark, too: he sages about the University’s opportunities. hood education and addressing inequality. had the same duties at Tufts from 2003 to President Bacow welcomed the inaugural 2010, before coming to Harvard, and knew cohort of participants in the new First-Year Inaugurating the President the Bacows as “wonderful supporters of the Retreat and Experience pre-orientation, for The afternoon began with the academic arts and of students’ work.”) first-generation, low-income, and other stu- procession into Tercentenary Theatre at 2:06 Among the speakers, L. Rafael Reif, presidents from underrepresented backgrounds. p.m., led by Reserve Ofcer Training Corps dent of MIT (Bacow’s undergraduate alma The couple donned Move-In T-shirts to greet candidates and the University Band. Among mater, and then, following his Harvard de- students and their parents—and even helped those filing in was a group signed “academic grees, his academic home for 24 years), es-

18 November - December 2018

Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 Lawrence S. Bacow| FRIDAY, OCTOBER 5, 2018

pecially wowed the crowd, toasting to the president’s ceremonial, MIT’s “favorite son” whom he had and famously uncomfortable, come “to drop…of at college.” He chair—and in his first deci- even insinuated that getting Bacow sive act after being inaugu- installed in Mass Hall ranked among rated, Bacow followed Lee’s the best of MIT’s famous hacks, and advice not to sit in it for long. concluded by presenting a reminder After the president’s ad- of “home”: a piece of limestone from dress, the Bacows’ rabbi the original MIT Dome, and close friend, Wesley inscribed, Gardenswartz ’83, J.D. ’86, Lawrence S. Bacow, senior rabbi of Temple MIT Class of ’72. Emanuel in Newton The 29th president of Center, ofered an in- Harvard and a chip tensely personal, emo- of the old block! tional benediction and Succeeding speakers rep- blessings. Thereafter, resented the faculty (Robin the Inauguration Choir E. Kelsey, Burden professor returned to sing the of photography), students Hebrew conclusion (Catherine L. Zhang ’19, president At the Bacow Block to Chichester Psalms, composed by of the Undergraduate Council), the Party, clockwise Leonard Bernstein (more Harvard: from top left: Harvard Alumni Association (presi- Robert Morris ’39, D.Mus. ’67), whose centennial is dent Margaret M. Wang ’09), and Uni versity presi- being celebrated this year. members of the University staf (Ca- dent Chris Howard, Then came the singing of “Fair lixto Sáenz, director of the microflu- M.B.A. ’03, busts a Harvard,” spruced up with its newly move; a grand- idics microfabrication core facility father-granddaugh- inclusive last line. The last notes of at Harvard Medical School—a first- ter dance; poses for the recessional having wafted sky- generation immigrant from Colom- the selfe genera- ward, and the bells having boomed tion; Sharpie time; bia, lifted up by higher education: a and entertainment out their notes at 4:25, it was of life story resonant with Bacow’s). by 21 Colorful to the “Bacow Block Party” in the Then came the ofcial inaugura- Crimson Old Yard—there to be fed and tion, begun by the president of the entertained. Board of Overseers, Susan L. Carney ’73, J.D. new presidency, but far more, we celebrate A short distance away from the hubbub, ’77—U.S. Circuit Judge for the U.S. Court an idea”—that higher education is a force for the sugar maples at Loeb House—where of Appeals, Second Circuit—who cited Ba- good, for understanding and discovery that the Governing Boards do their work, and cow’s “instinct for collaboration and thirst “serves the world.” Higher education had where Lawrence S. Bacow had begun his for innovation,” among other strengths, as been Bacow’s guiding star throughout his presidency in July—were in splendid au- the experienced helmsman sets “sail for the life, Lee said, and he hoped that all present tumn color. Definitively, the seasons had adventures ahead.” would follow that star, too, advancing Har- turned—and even more definitively, a new Harvard’s four living presidents emeri- vard, the community, and the world. After Lee Crimson team’s new season was well begun. ti—Derek C. Bok, J.D. ’54, LL.D. ’92; Neil L. and Bacow displayed the charter, Lee led him !john s. rosenberg Rudenstine, Ph.D. ’64, LL.D. ’02; Lawrence H. Summers, Ph.D. ’82, LL.D. ’07; and Drew Gilpin Faust—were on hand to invest Ba- the inaugural address cow with four symbols of his new ofce. Bok conveyed the large keys, from 1846; Ruden- “Challenging Times for Higher Education” stine, the oldest College Book, containing records dating back to 1639; and Summers This truly is an astonishing sight, seeing help me at every step of the way, beginning and Faust, the Harvard seals. so many of you here in Harvard Yard today. with my parents, who worked hard every The Corporation’s Senior Fellow, William It’s a great reminder that nobody gets day to ensure that I had boundless oppor- F. Lee ’72, concluded the formalities by con- anywhere of consequence in this world on tunities. I would not be here today without veying the final symbol of ofce, the Harvard his or her own—and that includes becom- the love of my life, Adele, who has made my Charter of 1650. Before doing so, Lee said those ing president of Harvard. life so meaningful and rich, and also with- attending had “come together to celebrate a I have been blessed to have people ready to out my children, from whom I have learned

Harvard Magazine 19

Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 Inauguration

and continue to learn so much. great institutions are represented here to- litical spectrum as we should be; that we are I thank all of my family and my day, and I thank all of my colleagues from becoming unafordable and inaccessible, out dear friends, who are also family, for all over the country and all over the world of touch with the rest of America; and that traveling from far and wide to be here. for your good wishes—and, frankly, your we care more about making our institutions I have been blessed, also, by inspiring support, because this is not an easy moment great, than about making the world better. teachers and mentors, three of whom I am to assume the leadership of any college or While there may be—may be—a kernel of honored to have with me today—my Har- university. truth here, if I believed that these criticisms vard dissertation advisors, Mark Moore, These are challenging times for higher fundamentally represented who we are, I Richard Zeckhauser, and Richard Light— education in America. would not be standing before you today. All to mark it. Thank you for having taught me For the first time in my lifetime, people of our institutions are striving to make wise so well. are actually questioning the value of send- choices amidst swirling economic, social, I would also like to thank my prede- ing a child to college. and political currents that often make wis- cessors Drew Faust, Larry Summers, For the first time in my lifetime, people dom difcult to perceive. Neil Rudenstine, and Derek Bok for their are asking whether or not colleges and uni- We need, together, to reafrm that higher thoughtful stewardship and leadership of versities are worthy of public support. education is a public good worthy of sup- Harvard over the last half-century. For the first time in my lifetime, people port—and beyond that, a pillar of our de- I would also like to thank each of them are expressing doubts about whether col- mocracy that, if dislodged, will change the for their excellent advice as I take the helm. leges and universities are even good for the United States into something fundamen- A special thanks also to my colleagues from nation. tally bleaker and smaller. Tufts and from MIT, who taught me how to These questions force us to ask: What It’s worth remembering that most of the be a leader in higher education. I guarantee does higher education really contribute to nation’s founders were first-generation col- you that there are many people assembled the national life? lege students. They not only shaped our here who pray that you taught me very well! Unfortunately, more people than we would form of government, they built new univer- Of course, the Harvard presidency seems like to admit believe that universities are not sities. Having had their own minds opened to involve some unique hazards—and over nearly as open to ideas from across the po- and improved by learning, they were certain its long history, a nearly infinite list of potential missteps. President Langdon, for example, was forced to resign after the students found Inauguration Extras that his sermons dragged on too long—a great incentive for me to be brief today. For in-depth reports on the inauguration and Harvard’s President Mather, on the other hand, out- celebrations, please see… raged the entire Harvard community by re- fusing to move here from Boston, arguing Artistic Harvard: The that the air in Cambridge did not agree with Inaugural Showcase Student and faculty performers him. Fortunately, I actually like the atmo- light up Sanders sphere here a lot! harvardmag.com/ Even President Eliot, arguably Harvard’s bacow29-arts-18 most successful president, provoked an uproar now and then. He wanted to abol- Academic Harvard: The ish hockey, basketball, and football, on the Harvard Inaugurates Inaugural Symposiums grounds that they required teamwork, and, President Lawrence S. Professors’ exciting research in his mind, Harvard had absolutely no use Bacow from across the University for that. He also tried over and over again harvardmag.com/ A full account of the new bacow29-ideas-18 to acquire MIT. president’s priorities, Rafael, you can relax. I’ll do my best to preparations for the “Making Mountains avoid all such misadventures. inaugural, and all the As We Run” I am deeply honored to assume the leader- speakers’ remarks An undergraduate poet toasts ship of this wonderful institution, and proud harvardmag.com/ Harvard’s new leader that as the nation’s oldest university, Harvard inauguration29-18 harvardmag.com/ has helped to shape the American system of bacow29-poet-18 higher education, which is magnificent in its independence, sweep, and diversity. visit harvardmagazine.com

I am also honored that so many other HARRISON JIM (2); MAGAZINE HARVARD HARRISON; JIM LEFT: TOP FROM CLOCKWISE

20 November - December 2018

Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 Lawrence S. Bacow| FRIDAY, OCTOBER 5, 2018

that government by and for the people re- been more important. It is our responsibility pecially those with whom they disagree. quires an educated citizenry. to educate students to be discerning consum- We need to teach them to be quick to un- Even at some of the most difcult moments ers of news and arguments, and to become derstand, and slow to judge. in our national history, our leaders understood sources of truth and wisdom themselves. Let me say that again: We need to teach that they could strengthen the nation by edu- Of course, facts and truth are not the our students to be quick to understand, and cating more of our society. Abraham Lincoln same. Facts are incontrovertible, or at least slow to judge. And as faculty, we owe this signed the Morrill Act during the dark days they should be, whereas truth has to be dis- duty to each other, as well. of the Civil War, creating land-grant univer- covered, revealed through argument and ex- To paraphrase the great theologian Rein- sities to spread useful knowledge across this periment, tested on the anvil of opposing hold Niebuhr, it is always wise to look for immense raw continent. explanations and ideas. This is precisely the the truth in our opponents’ error, and the President Franklin Roosevelt signed the function of a great university, where scholars error in our own truth. G.I. Bill just two weeks after D-Day, making debate and marshal evidence in support of At Harvard, we must strive to model the a college education one of the prime rewards their theories, as they strive to understand behavior we would hope to see elsewhere. for national service, and sending vast num- and explain our world. For if we can’t talk about the issues that di- bers of less-privileged Americans to college for the first time. “Our search for truth must be inextricably Every such expansion of higher education, every move toward openness to those bound up with a commitment to freedom of previously excluded, has brought the United States closer to the ideal of equality and op- speech and expression.” portunity for all. So higher education has not only support- This search for truth has always required vide us here, on this extraordinarily beau- ed our democracy, but in some sense it has courage, both in the sciences, where those tiful campus, where everyone is smart and created it—and we are nowhere near done. who seek to shift paradigms have often initial- engaged, where the freedom to speak one’s My friend Drew Faust has often wished ly met with ridicule, banishment, and worse, mind is one of our defining precepts, where for Harvard that it be as good as it is great. and in the social sciences, arts, and humani- we are blessed with abundant resources and To me, the goodness of Harvard—and of all ties, where scholars have often had to defend no one goes to sleep in fear for his or her life of our universities—lies in the three essen- their ideas from political attacks on all sides. — if we can’t do that here, there is no hope tial values we represent: truth, or, as we say There are both reassuring truths and unset- for the rest of the world. here, veritas; excellence; and opportunity. tling truths, and great universities must em- At the same time, we should not apolo- Today, we have to embody and defend brace them both. Throughout human history, gize for standing for excellence in every- truth, excellence, and opportunity more the people who have done the most to change thing we do. than ever. We do this not to stave of our the world have been the ones who overturned Harvard is synonymous with excellence. critics, but because these are the values that conventional wisdom, so we should not be We scour the world for students and fac- made our nation great. afraid to welcome into our communities those ulty prepared to demonstrate brilliance in As we consider truth, clearly, we’ve come who challenge our thinking. our classrooms, our laboratories, on our play- a long way from the days when our col- In other words, our search for truth must ing fields and performance stages, and out in league United States Senator Daniel Patrick be inextricably bound up with a commit- the community striving to make a diference. Moynihan said, “Everyone is entitled to his ment to freedom of speech and expression. Our commitment to excellence should own opinion, but not to his own facts.” At Harvard, our alumni span the politi- never be interpreted as an embrace of elitism. Now that technology has disintermediat- cal and philosophical spectrum, including The excellence we represent is not a birth- ed the editorial function, allowing anybody those who have served in the White House, right. It is not something inherited by those to publish his or her own view of events, in Congress, on the Supreme Court, and in born privileged—or even by those born with our fragmented media struggle to make the comparable positions throughout the world. great aptitude. It is defined by more than distinction between opinion and facts. The Here in Harvard Yard, we must embrace di- numbers, and it encompasses spark and result, often, is a feverish difusion of ru- versity in every possible dimension, because imagination, grit and determination. mor, fantasy, and emotion unconstrained as Governor Baker said so eloquently, we The excellence we stand for is only by reason or reality. learn from our diferences—and that in- achieved through tireless pursuit. Scholar- And it is precisely because we find our- cludes ideological diversity. ship is about charging down dark alleys, ac- selves in this post-factual world that strong As faculty, it is up to us to challenge our cepting disappointment, and setting of again. colleges and universities are essential. students by ofering them a steady diet of It is messy and laborious by definition. Much Given the necessity today of thinking criti- new ideas to expand their own thinking— as we love to celebrate the “Eureka!” moments cally and diferentiating the signal from the and by helping them to appreciate that they in our society, they are generally preceded by noise, a broad liberal arts education has never can gain much from listening to others, es- years of early mornings and late nights.

Harvard Magazine 21

Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 Inauguration

We need to remind the nation of higher learning, Harvard has a special re- internship of some kind—an opportunity to of the degree to which America’s sponsibility to champion intellectual tradi- see the world more expansively, and to dis- greatness depends upon this com- tions that have defined educated men and cover their own powers to repair that world. mitment to excellence—and the fact that women since the dawn of civilization. Of course, we cannot achieve excellence supporting excellence at college and univer- We do more than deliver a body of knowl- if we are only drawing talent from a small sity campuses does not run counter to the edge to our students—we expand their hu- portion of society, so our colleges and uni- best interests of those who feel left behind manity. By teaching young people to appre- versities also must stand for opportunity. by our society. ciate what is beautiful in art, society, and In the broadest sense, all of us are indeed Indeed, it is scholars here and elsewhere nature, we help them to discover what created equal: Talent is flatly distributed. who have sounded the alarm about increas- makes life truly worth living. But sadly, opportunity is not. ing income inequality and declining social Of course, none of our institutions can Throughout our history, higher education mobility in the United States, and whose aford to be complacent about our excel- has enabled the most ambitious among us ideas will help us become the just society lence. We have competitors around the to rise economically and socially. And ev- we hope to be. world, supported by governments that un- ery step the nation has taken to print more derstand that the swiftest such tickets into the middle class, and be- route to a thriving econo- yond, has powered our economic growth my runs through univer- and leadership in innovation. sity laboratories, libraries, We have to ensure that higher education and classrooms. remains the same economic stepping-stone Whether our colleges for those from modest backgrounds that and universities are public it was for my generation and my parents’ or private, we all rely upon generation. While a college education still the generosity of the Amer- helps to level the playing field for those who ican people, who contrib- manage to graduate, the cost of entry, and ute both to research and of staying the course until graduation, has financial aid. We are excel- become daunting for many families. lent because of them, and This is why Harvard’s groundbreaking must endeavor to deserve Financial Aid Initiative, started by Larry their support. So it’s up to Summers and expanded by Drew Faust, is us to remember, always, our so important. We simply say to low- and collective obligation to the middle-income families with earnings be- public good. low a certain level, “You can send your child Five living presidents, from left: the emeriti Lawrence H. Since Harvard’s found- to Harvard and we will ask you to pay noth- Summers, Drew Gilpin Faust, Neil L. Rudenstine, and Derek ing in 1636, the people edu- ing.” Largely because of this, 268 members C. Bok—with successor Larry 29 cated here have responded of this year’s first-year class are the first in The research we pursue in all fields helps patriotically to the call to service. With the their family to attend college. to generate new knowledge, new connec- exception of the service academies, more Clearly, however, Harvard cannot keep tions, and new insights into the human con- Harvard alumni have received the Con- the American Dream alive single-handedly. dition. We work to understand the origins gressional Medal of Honor than any other Our nation’s magnificent public colleg- of life, but also the meaning of life. We ex- school. Harvard people have always vigor- es and universities, where four out of five plore the molecular code that makes us hu- ously engaged in the great issues of their day, American students are educated, are key. man, and the culture that is equally essen- and at this very moment 68 of our alumni are But state appropriations are funding a di- tial to our humanity. running for Congress, on both sides of the minishing share of the cost of that educa- Long after the technologies of today are aisle. And our alumni throughout the world tion, so tuition and student debt are rising. obsolete, people will still be reading Shake- are working to strengthen their nations. This trend is not sustainable. speare and Gabriel García Márquez; listen- We need to ensure that future genera- In failing to adequately support public ing to Mozart, Bob Dylan, and the late, great tions continue to serve the greater good higher education, we are literally mortgag- Aretha Franklin from my hometown of De- in a variety of ways. It is my hope that ev- ing our own future. At a time when other troit; and contemplating the great questions ery Harvard graduate, in every profession, countries are investing more in support of that have motivated philosophers and poets should be an active, enlightened, and en- higher education, we as a nation cannot af- for millennia. For it is our art, our literature, gaged citizen. So I am pleased to announce ford to invest less. our music, and our architecture which are today we will work toward raising the re- As higher education leaders, we also need among the most enduring artifacts of human sources so we can guarantee every under- to do what we can do to bend the cost curve. endeavor. As the nation’s oldest institution graduate who wants one a public-service Higher education is one of the few indus-

22 November - December 2018

Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 Lawrence S. Bacow| FRIDAY, OCTOBER 5, 2018

tries where competition tends to drive costs us can trace our origins back to people who, Manuel Miranda said so well in “Hamilton.” up. It’s time to stop this arms race, and to like my parents, came to these shores seeking I hope that all of us in higher education re- consider the benefits of greater cooperation. freedom and opportunity, and a better life for main true to our essential values—to truth, These can include shared infrastructure their children. And many continue to make excellence, and opportunity. But I hope, as for research, joint graduate student and fac- this journey today, despite enormous risks. well, that in remaining true to them, we ulty housing, or exchanges that allow us to It certainly is one measure of a just society advance those values in the world at large. eliminate some of the redundancies in our how well we treat the least powerful among It’s not enough that we represent the curricula and to double down on our specific us. But beyond goodness, we must make the very best of society, in terms of intellectual strengths. I look forward to working with case for common sense: that failing to wel- achievement, freedom to express and ex- my colleagues at Boston-area institutions to come talented students and scholars from plore, and openness to extraordinary po- explore how we can collectively do a better around the world is to undercut America’s tential in all who possess it. job of serving both our students and society. intellectual and economic leadership. We must defend the essential role of higher education in the life of our nation and the “We have a responsibility…to help America broader world. And we must reach outwards even be- remember its own essential goodness.” yond that. We have a responsibility—we have a re- We also have to explore the opportunities In this global economy, financial capital sponsibility—to use the immense resourc- ofered by technology to improve productiv- moves at the speed of light, and natural re- es entrusted to us—our assets, ideas, and ity and access. I am proud that Harvard, in sources also move swiftly. The only truly people—to address difcult problems and partnership with our colleagues at MIT, has scarce capital is human and intellectual cap- painful divisions. been a leader in opening up educational op- ital. That is what a nation must aggregate We have a responsibility, as well, to help portunities to talented students throughout and nurture, if it intends to be prosperous. America remember its own essential good- the world through edX. In turn, they have Fortunately, many of the best and the ness: the kindness, decency, and integrity us ofered new insights into the science of brightest from around the world seek to of our founding principles, as well as the learning. study at America’s great colleges and uni- kindness, decency, and integrity of those As college and university presidents, we versities. In engineering, mathematics, and people who have fought throughout our his- also need to be much franker in framing the computer sciences, over half the doctorates tory to ensure that these principles apply choices our institutions make, so as to re- awarded each year are granted to foreign na- equally to all. veal their true consequences in terms of cost. tionals. Many of these students will return It is up to us to leave our country and Traditionally, colleges and universities have home with their sights raised, and go on to our world a better place tomorrow than it been great at doing more with more. But in build thriving companies and institutions is today. the future, we may have to do more with less. of higher learning; to fight poverty, disease, That is where true greatness lies. At the same time, it’s our responsibility to and climate change throughout the world; I am honored to be able to work along- counter any current myths about the value and to lead their own nations toward good- side each and every one of you to reach such of higher education and to continue tell- ness and greatness. greatness. ing children, in every corner of this nation But a considerable number of these inter- I am thankful for this opportunity to lead and the world, the simple truth: that if they national students will do everything pos- Harvard, which made me better, and which want to get ahead, education is the vehicle sible to stay right here. Rather than turn I think makes everyone better—spurring all that will bring them there. them away, we should embrace these ex- of us to summit mountains we never imag- College has enabled the American Dream traordinary people. Over a third of our fac- ined we could climb. for so many of us—and we must nurture and ulty were born someplace else. Over a third Today, I am inspired by the beauty of our sustain that dream for generations to come. of the Nobel Prizes awarded to Americans in mission, our history, and our values, by the My parents came to this country with chemistry, medicine, and physics since 2000 power of our ambition, talent, and good- virtually nothing. My father arrived here as have gone to men and women who were for- will, and by the infi- The president, a child, a refugee escaping the pogroms of eign-born. Over 40 percent of Fortune 500 nite possibilities before inaugurated, Eastern Europe. My mother survived Ausch- companies were founded by immigrants or us, to use our strengths makes his mark: witz as a teenager, lived without bitterness, their children. to help humanity as a Larry 29. and always was grateful that America was America has to continue welcoming those whole to ascend. so good to her. who seek freedom and opportunity, lest we It is a very great priv- This is a common story—this is America’s shut the door to the next generation of great ilege to seize those pos- story. With the exception of Native Ameri- entrepreneurs, scholars, public leaders— sibilities with you, and cans and the descendants of those enslaved and, dare I say, university presidents—for I am delighted to begin. or brought here against their will, most of it is immigrants that get things done, as Lin- Thank you.

Harvard Magazine 23

Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 JOHNJOHN HARVARD’SHARVARD’S JOURNAL

Harvard Hubs The lower levels of the Smith Center ues. The interactive media walls inside the (the remade Holyoke Center) now feature Safra Welcome Center lobby flank an infor- Harvesting two tangible fruits of transparent walls: a invitation to enter and mation booth that has been thronged with The Harvard Campaign, the University for- mingle, to see and be seen. Within there visitors looking to find their way around mally inaugurated two new convening and are seven eating establishments, including campus. meeting spaces—Smith Campus Center, in a two-story Pavement Cofeehouse, which At the dedication, the renovation into the the Square, and Klarman Hall, at Harvard has replaced Au Bon Pain, once a Massachu- new center—made possible by Richard A. Business School (HBS)—on September 20 setts Avenue fixture; casual seating for quiet Smith, S.B. ’46, LL.D. ’01, a former Overseer, and October 1, respectively. work and socializing; and performance ven- fellow of the Corporation, and member of

24 November - December 2018 Photographs by Jim Harrison

Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 JOHN H ARVARD'S JOURNAL

New convening spaces now beckon on both cepts and aspirations for the building.” year, as well as dedicated ofce spaces where sides of the Charles. Smith Campus Center, opposite, opens the former The planners used those insights to hit the Undergraduate Council leaders can conduct Holyoke Center to the street, and invites community’s sweet spot: the place has been business. Riverview Commons, on the cov- casual dining, study, hanging out, and buzzing since its soft opening at the begin- eted tenth floor, ofers panoramic views of performances. Klarman Hall, above, provides the Business School with meeting ning of the term. Cambridge. Here, Harvard afliates can re- spaces capacious enough to hold an M.B.A. Within, visitors have clear views of vi- lax by playing pool or foosball, or use the class—and future Allston neighbors. trine gardens (which intentionally blur the space to host student-organization meet- line between indoors and outdoors) full of ings. Early next semester, the newly con- Harvard Management Company’s board plant species indigenous to New England. ceived “The Heights” will open; during the of directors, and Susan F. Smith—was cel- Mid-century-modern chairs and couches day, the restaurant will feature afordable, ebrated with performances in the welcome upholstered in contrasting shades of red, casual lunch fare; its evening service will center, the “commons” space, and on the pla- orange, yellow, and teal are arranged near include a small-plates and shared-plates za by student musicians, dancers, and film- gas fireplaces surrounded by birch-wood menu, as well as drinks and a late-night makers, showing of the multiple uses the paneling. Just beyond the main lobby are lounge menu. A University spokesperson new spaces enable. walls covered with more than 12,000 plants described the cuisine as “contemporary re- The center is the keystone in president representing 19 species, maintained through gional, with global influences.” emerita Drew Faust’s “common spaces” ini- a rainwater filtration system from the roof. Just across the river, Klarman Hall in- tiative, meant to create places to facilitate In addition to providing a central space cludes an auditorium and meeting facil- interactions across the Harvard community. for meeting, eating, and studying, the new ity large enough to accommodate an entire The September 20 program quotes her thus: center will also house the University’s Cen- 930-member HBS M.B.A. class. It also in- “Spaces matter. They create unique oppor- ter for Wellness and Health Promotion. corporates contemporary communications tunities in the present and make the past Thus, yoga and Pilates classes, massages, and technologies and flexible meeting spaces rush back to us in a vivid memory.” Smith acupuncture services (many hosted in the that can be used for small gatherings, per- Campus Center, she said, “will become an new multipurpose Mount Auburn Room, formances, and receptions. Named for a gift important hub of activity at the heart of our reservable by community members) come from investment manager Seth Klarman, campus”—welcoming community members back to this central venue after a tempo- M.B.A. ’82, and Beth Klarman, it is at the and visitors to the publicly accessible lower rary relocation to 75 Mount Auburn Street. heart of HBS’s academic work—and, as the levels. Although much of Smith Center is open inaugural symposium suggests, central to The director of common spaces, Julie to the public, the Collaborative Commons its interest in engaging the wider Univer- Crites, called it a counterpart to the Yard, and Riverview Commons require a Harvard sity, too. Following the dedication, HBS’s or “the new front door to Harvard.” From ID to enter. The former contains meeting Michael E. Porter, now Lawrence Univer- invitations to sit on the prototypes in order rooms that may be reserved throughout the sity Professor, and Cherington professor of to help select the center’s chairs, to surveys inquiring about the most desired amenities, views were solicited from students, faculty I N T H I S I S S U E members, and staf throughout the planning. Tanya Iatridis, senior director of University 26 Harvard Portrait 29 Brevia planning, reported that perspectives were 26 Money Matters 32 Taking a Page from Knopf also gathered through 18 focus groups and 27 The Campaign, Concluded 33 The Undergraduate nearly 6,000 responses to a campus-wide 28 Yesterday’s News 35 A Hard Road survey suggesting “a range of exciting con- 28 News Briefs 38 Striking Distance

Photographs by Robert Benson/Courtesy of the Harvard Business School Harvard Magazine 25

Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 JOHN H ARVARD'S JOURNAL business administration David A. Moss dis- HARVARD PORTRAIT cussed the intersection of democracy and economic competitiveness. They were followed by a panel including Law School professors, a Faculty of Arts and Sciences lecturer on government, and journalists, who discussed democracy. The day-long symposium closed with a ﬁreside chat between Seth Klarman and Jamie Dimon, M.B.A ’82, chairman and CEO of JPMorgan Chase, on the viability of capitalism. “It’s never been more important for people to come together to listen, to open our minds, and to learn,” said Seth Klarman in his dedication speech referring to the current social and political climate. While both Klarman Hall and the Smith Campus Center provide ample space for students, faculty, and staf to engage in challenging face-to- face conversations on controversial topics, they also serve another invaluable purpose, which Beth Klarman described as, “a place to develop and share ideas that will have a positive impact to those inside.” !oset babür

Money Matters The investment return on Harvard’s endowment assets during the fiscal year ended June 30, 2018, was 10.0 percent and the endowment’s value on that date reached Khalil Abdur-Rashid $39.2 billion—up 5.7 percent ($2.1 billion) from $37.1 billion a year earlier. N.P. Narve- As Harvard’s Muslim chaplain, Khalil Abdur-Rashid thinks of his work—including kar, CEO of Harvard Management Compa- leading prayer each Friday, hosting seminars on Islamic ethics, and organizing commu- ny (HMC), which manages the assets, an- nity-building activities—as helping students to develop their “ ‘SQ,’ what I call their nounced the results on September 28. The spiritual quotient.” In the process, he often fnds himself helping them navigate multiple net appreciation in the endowment reflects cultural identities. He knows what that’s like frsthand: his Muslim-convert parents those investment gains, minus distributions raised him within a Southern Baptist extended family (“We did Ramadan, and we did from the endowment to fund Harvard’s aca- Christmas”). They were active in education and politics in Atlanta, where he began demic operations (by far the University’s his career as a social worker, investigating child-abuse cases for the state of Georgia. largest source of operating revenue), plus Then, 9/11 and its aftermath pushed him to explore his faith more deeply. He went gifts added to the endowment (of which abroad to Yemen and Turkey to study Islamic law before landing in a Ph.D. program at there have been plenty during The Harvard Columbia in 2010. There he also served as a religious-life adviser, commuting nearly Campaign: see facing page). two hours daily from Coney Island, where he was imam of a Brooklyn mosque. When What Narvekar did not do was explain news broke in 2012 of Muslim students being surveilled by the New York City Police the results further. Reporting fiscal 2017 Department, Abdur-Rashid spoke out, and was named to the police commissioner’s results last year—not long after he arrived advisory council as a consultant on policy changes. Some months later, when three with a mandate to overhaul HMC follow- Jordanian students were violently threatened by a bus driver for speaking Arabic, he ing years of investment returns below the called up City Hall to demand action. “I was born and raised in a family of grassroots University’s goal—he discussed restruc- activists,” he says. But, in that moment, “I saw ‘oak tree activism.’ Activism from the turing of personnel and investment disci- institutional level, top down.” That experience informs Abdur-Rashid’s perspective plines. But he did not provide any of the on his current role. “There has to be somebody at the table, in the room, to advocate traditional details on the distribution of infor students’ needs, who’s connected with major institutions,” he says. “That is the vestments among diferent kinds of assets, profoundness, I think, of this position.” !SOPHIA NGUYEN returns by asset class, performance bench- marks, or long-term rates of return (see

26 November - December 2018 Photograph by Jim Harrison

Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 “‘Disappointing’ Endowment Returns—and • HMC’s results mean that a Protracted Restructuring,” November-De- for the first time in a decade, cember 2017, page 28). This year, he pared the nominal value of the endow- down even further; after a sentence detailing ment has for two years running the fiscal 2018 endowment return and value, exceeded the then-peak value his entire statement concluded: of $36.9 billion recorded in fis- As is well known, HMC, as an cal 2008, just before the finan- organization, and the endowment cial crisis caused catastrophic portfolio are still in the early stages losses. (None of these figures are of a multi-year transition, with much adjusted for inflation, which has work ahead. Thanks to the excep- reduced its real value by several tional team we have at HMC, we are billion dollars during that time.) confident in the direction of the orga- • In a year that was gener- nization and the long-term prospects ally favorable for investors, with for the endowment. broad indexes of U.S. stocks up For those interested, further details 12 percent to 14 percent, and in- of our organizational progress and international equities appreciating about half vice’s median return for large (over $500 mil- vestment returns will be available in that much, HMC’s return exceeded the 8.1 lion) foundations and endowments. Among the University’s financial report, next percent it reported in fiscal 2017. It is un- peer institutions whose endowment portfo- month. known whether restructuring and sever- lios are HMC’s nearest cousins in size and Accordingly, further insights, if any, into ance costs recorded during that year, and asset mix, Princeton reported a 14.2 percent the status of the transition and how far losses taken on certain assets disposed of or investment gain and 8.8 percent growth in along Narvekar and the HMC board think designated for sale, depressed the reported the value of its endowment; Yale, 12.3 per- it has progressed await publication of Har- return then. cent and 8.1 percent; and Stanford, 11.3 per- vard’s annual financial report. Until then, it The fiscal 2018 return matches the cent and 6.9 percent. These data, and other can be observed that: Wilshire Trust Universe Comparison Ser- schools’ returns—MIT (13.5 percent), Notre Dame (12.2 percent), University of Virginia (11.4 percent)—suggest that HMC’s returns The Campaign, Concluded remain 2 to 3 percentage points lower than those earned by its closest peers: the insti- Five years after the public launch of The jor social challenges. In the announce- tutions with which Harvard competes for Harvard Campaign, the University an- ment, he said, “It is…important that we professors and students. Applied to an asset nounced on September 20 that upon its lead by example as we seek to make the pool the size of Harvard’s endowment, that conclusion this past June 30, the fund world a better place through our teaching margin translates into at least hundreds of drive had attracted $9.62 billion in gifts and scholarship. We are enormously millions of dollars less in investment gains and pledges. From the $2.8 billion in hand grateful to those who have supported us for the University during the year. Hence the in September 2013, when the ambitious in this effort.” rationale for the changes Narvekar is mak- $6.5-billon goal was unveiled, alumni, The Gazette did not detail results by ing—and the importance, for the Universi- foundations, parents, and others sus- school or other specifc outcomes (for a ty’s long-term financial and academic health, tained an annualized pace of giving of fuller report, see harvardmag.com/ of their success. more than $1.4 billion. According to the campaigntotal-18), beyond mentioning • The 5.7 percent rise in the endowment’s announcement, more than 153,000 that $1.3 billion (13.5 percent of campaign value in part reflects a relatively restrained households made more than 633,000 proceeds) had been raised for fnancial rate of distributing funds to support Har- gifts. aid, and that 142 professorships (new and vard’s operations. Following a decline in the The relatively anodyne announcement, existing) had been endowed. endowment’s value in fiscal 2016, the Cor- in The Harvard Gazette (the sum raised Overall, some 42 percent of the gifts poration directed that deans budget for flat appears in the sixth paragraph), at the and pledges ($4 billion) were for endow- distributions per unit of endowment their thunderously successful conclusion of a ments (see above); 35 percent was ap- schools own during fiscal 2018. (It has also colossal campaign, is consistent with the plied to various current uses; 11 percent outlined a “collar,” within which distribu- sotto voce communications during the past was in the form of nonfederal support for tions will rise: 2.5 percent per unit in the cur- few years: a time of rising public concern research; 10 percent supported con- rent fiscal year, and between 2.5 percent and about the costs and conduct of higher struction (for example, Smith Campus 4.5 percent in fiscal 2020 and 2021.) During education; the enactment last December Center and Klarman Hall, see page 24; a time of change in Harvard’s leadership— of a federal tax on elite institutions’ en- undergraduate House renewal; and the and possibly its strategy and priorities—and dowment income; and, locally, President remade Kennedy School campus); and 2 against a backdrop of political and economic Lawrence S. Bacow’s determination to percent was in the form of life-income uncertainty and wholesale change within focus on Harvard’s role in addressing ma- funds. !J.S.R. HMC, this fiscal path hedges against any hic- cups in the portfolio, while helping to re-

Harvard Magazine 27

Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 JOHN H ARVARD'S JOURNAL build the endowment: an investment in the institution’s future spending power. Yesterday’s News A detailed report appears at harvardmag. From the pages of the Harvard Alumni Bulletin and Harvard Magazine com/endowment-18. As soon as Harvard’s fiscal 2018 financial results are released, a full report will be published at www.har- 1 9 3 3 Permission for a pacifst meeting concert at Yale that is cut short by the vardmagazine.com. !john s. rosenberg of the Harvard Liberal Club on the Wid- arrival of 12 New Haven police cars. Band ener steps on Armistice Day is denied by manager Peter Strauss ’54 and a colleague President Conant because “the courtesies are booked for disturbing the peace. of the Yard have already been extended” News Briefs to West Point cadets in Cambridge for the 1 9 6 8 Fury erupts at a December 3 fac- football game. (Army won, 27-0.) The Wid- ulty meeting when philosophy professor Admissions Litigation ener steps, he adds, are available between Hilary Putnam introduces an anti-ROTC As the university and Students for Fair 9 and 9:30 A.M., as are Harvard buildings resolution. Unusually high attendance has Admissions—the litigant alleging that Har- outside the Yard throughout the day. forced the meeting to be held in Sanders vard College discriminates against Asian- Theatre; outside, 250 students hand out American applicants—girded for trial be- 1 9 3 8 Complaints by patients of Still- leafets and shout, “ROTC must go.” ginning October 15 (after this issue went man Infrmary about “class D detective to press), the U.S. Department of Justice stories” have prompted the hygiene de- 1 9 8 8 The University’s Association of weighed in, opposing the University’s po- partment, University library, and fnancial Black Faculty and Administrators calls for sition. In a statement of interest, the depart- offce to pledge $100, with a promise of an affrmative-action plan, involving recruit- ment, which has been challenging policies $50 each succeeding year, until Stillman’s ment and a capital campaign, to ensure that supportive of holistic admissions policies literary offerings are more acceptable. blacks, Hispanics, and Native Americans that take race into account, asserted, “Har- comprise 10 percent of its faculties by 1990, vard has failed to carry its demanding bur- 1 9 4 8 In a University-wide straw poll the centennial of the College graduation den to show that its use of race does not in- conducted by the Crimson, challenger year of W.E.B. Du Bois, who became Har- flict unlawful racial discrimination on Asian Thomas Dewey defeats President Harry vard’s frst black Ph.D. recipient in 1895. Americans.” In a statement calling the Jus- Truman 1,897 to 833. Faculty members tice filing “deeply disappointing,” Harvard pick Dewey fve to one. Undeterred, the said of the department’s action, “This deci- Crimson endorses Truman. sion is not surprising given the highly irregu- lar investigation the DOJ has engaged in thus 1 9 5 3 The Band, en route to far, and its recent action to repeal Obama-era the Columbia game, guidelines on the consideration of race in gives a 3 A.M. admissions.” The case is seen as a possible precursor to yet another Supreme Court review of the use of afrmative-action criteria to diversify student bodies, consistent with a series of prior rulings that have up- held such practices within narrow criteria. (See “Litigating Admissions,” September- October, page 17, for background.) Separately, Yale president Peter Sa- lovey revealed in late September that the government is investigating it for discrimination against Asian-American applicants, too, suggesting a concerted federal assault on the use of race in admissions. He wrote “to state unequivocally that Yale does not discriminate in admissions against Asian Americans or any other racial or ethnic group.”

Sexual Assaults on Campuses News reports in late August indicated that the U.S. Department of Education was

Illustration by Mark Steele

Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 Design Redesign ident and CEO of the National Association Harvard’s Graduate School of Design has for the Advancement of Colored People, announced that its landlocked 1972 facili- Brevia has been appointed professor of the prac- ties will be expanded and updated (a goal tice of public leadership and social justice. of its recent capital campaign) under the And Arthur C. Brooks, president of the direction of Herzog & de Meuron, design American Enterprise Institute, becomes consultant, and Beyer Blinder professor of the practice of public Belle, architect of record. Though leadership in July 2019. a design, budget, and timetable have yet to be disclosed, the pro- On Other Campuses posed addition is expected, ac- Introducing the no-tuition M.D. cording to the school, “to add only degree, NYU School of Medi- a minimal amount to Gund Hall’s cine announced in August that physical footprint”—presumably with nearly a half-billion dollars reworking interior space (like the of new aid endowment in hand, punning Chauhaus cafeteria) and all current and future students accommodating new construc- in its degree program will study tion rising alongside Gund from free of tuition charges (current- the small, sloping piece of land ly $55,018). The school aims to go abutting to the north, facing the beyond need-based scholarships Swedenborg Chapel at 50 Quincy or debt relief to make the initial Street. An increasingly interdis- choice of a medical career more ciplinary faculty, joint degrees attractive to any prospective stu- with the engineering and pub- dent. According to the Association lic-health schools, and evolved of American Medical Colleges, 75 technologies all require new, and percent of U.S. doctors graduat- expanded, spaces for what Her- ed with student debt in 2017; their zog & de Meuron termed “a significant ex- DEVELOPMENT DIRECTOR. Brian median debt totaled about $200,000.…The pansion and retrofit.” Design development K. Lee has been appointed vice Yale endowment will no longer invest in president for alumni affairs and is scheduled to conclude in early autumn. development, effective November 19, retail enterprises that sell assault weapons succeeding Tamara Elliot Rogers, who to the general public.…Yale College has un- Online Ivy Degrees is stepping down after leading The veiled an online system that students can Coursera, the for-profit online course plat- Harvard Campaign (see page 27). Lee, use to request aid for unexpected financial who has been at Caltech since 2012, form, announced its first Ivy degree ofer- where he directs a current $2-billion needs, such as medical costs or travel to ing: a University of Pennsylvania master’s fund drive, previously worked at Tufts, cope with family emergencies. It and peer in computer and information technology, running a $609-million campaign that institutions, including Harvard, have ex- concluded just as Lawrence W. Bacow that school’s first fully online degree. It became president, and then collabo- tended lump-sum grants and other re- aims to serve adult learners who cannot rating with him on the $1.2-billion sources to lower-income students, who are or do not wish to enroll in the equivalent Boundaries Campaign. Their past ties, being enrolled in increasing numbers, who on-campus program.…Penn promptly fol- and possible directions for Harvard lack the resources to cope with such crises. fundraising now, are reported further lowed that announcement with the mid at harvardmag.com/brianklee-18. September news that it will ofer directly Gifts of Note a new, online bachelor’s degree in applied cluster of appointments, renewing its lead- UCLA has received a $25-million gift, its arts and sciences, crossing a threshold for ership faculty. David Gergen, director of largest in the humanities, in support of its an online, undergraduate Ivy degree in the the Center for Public Leadership (CPL) philosophy department ($20 million) and liberal arts.…Separately, Anant Agarwal, since its founding in 2000, will step down graduate humanities fellowships.…Yale an- founder and CEO of edX, Harvard’s online in January; he is being succeeded by Am- nounced a $160-million gift from alumnus partnership with MIT, was awarded the bassador Wendy R. Sher- and former trustee Edward P. Bass to sup- Yidan Prize for Education Development, man, former U.S. under- port renovation of its Peabody Museum, created by Charles Chen Yidan, co-founder secretary of state for a facility that combines public exhibition of Tencent, the Chinese social-media com- political afairs. She also space, scientific collections, and research pany. The prize brings a $3.87-million hono- becomes professor of the facilities, much like Harvard’s Museum of rarium and research fund. practice of public leader- Comparative Zoology complex.

U.S. STATE DEPARTMENT U.S.STATE ship; Gergen remains on Leadership Leaders Wendy R. the faculty. Cornell Wil- Nota Bene The Harvard Kennedy School has made a Sherman liam Brooks, former pres- Labor relations. Harvard’s labor ne-

Photograph by Rob Greer Harvard Magazine 29

Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 JOHN H ARVARD'S JOURNAL

gotiators have a busy fall. The Harvard Institute Hanna Gray Fellows—Ph.D. Social scientist. Fac- Union of Clerical and Technical Work- and M.D./Ph.D. graduates who receive ulty of Arts and Sciences ers, representing about 5,000 employees, $1.4 million in research support and men- dean Claudine Gay, who let it be known that a new contract would toring during eight years of postdoctoral was formerly dean of so- not be reached by the September 30 ex- and tenure-track appointments—include cial science, has named piration of the last one; it pointed to dif- four Harvard afliates: Carolyn Elya (mi- Du Bois professor of the

ferences over wage increases (3.4 percent crobial assaults on nervous systems); Shan social sciences Lawrence COURTESYOF LAWRENCE D. BOBO annually in the current agreement, but in- Meltzer (sensory neurons, Harvard Medi- D. Bobo, a sociologist, to Lawrence D. flation is higher now), the cost of health cal School); Michelle Richter (genome ed- succeed her in that post. Bobo benefits, and the proper use of contingent iting); and Thiago Monteiro Araújo dos Bobo has been chair of the workers for short-term, temporary assign- Santos (bacterial cell walls). department of African and African Ameri- ments. And the new Harvard Graduate can studies as well. Students Union polled members to for- Amateur athletics? The fiftieth anni- mulate a list of positions for its initial ne- versary of the historic 29-29 edition of The Miscellany. George P. Smith, Ph.D. ’71, gotiations over compensation, benefits, Game (see page 58) is setting two prec- now emeritus at the University of Missouri, working conditions, and other issues. edents. It is being played at Fenway Park, shared the 2018 Nobel Prize in chemistry not the Stadium. And although the event and surgeon Denis Mukwege, Sc.D. ’15, Bragging rights. Stanford, which has has long been posted as sold out, the Man- shared the Peace Prize.…Zwaanstra pro- reported the lowest undergraduate admis- darin Oriental, as “host hotel,” has deals fessor of international studies and eco- sions rate in recent years, besting Harvard, available November 16-18: atop the night- nomics Gita Gopinath has been appoint- has decided to stop publicizing its num- ly room rate of $1,045, a “Basic” package ed chief economist of the International ber of applicants. It said it does not want comes with a ticket and pass to the ofcial Monetary Fund.…Mary Bassett ’74, M.D., to discourage any prospective applicant tailgate ($1,195 solo, $1,595 for two adults); M.P.H., who was most recently commis- who might contribute to a Cardinal class. the “Elite” version gets customers into the sioner of the New York City department hotel’s private suite at Fenway, plus food of health and mental hygiene, has been Getting to gen ed. As the College mus- and beverages and a VIP tour of the park appointed director of the public-health ters a cohort of new courses for the fall ($1,995 and $3,195, respectively). school’s François-Xavier Bagnoud Cen- 2019 introduction of the revised curricu- ter for Health and Human Rights.…Pat- lum in general education (see “Unfinished Culturally coeducated. The Hasty ti Bellinger ’83 has been appointed chief Business,” July-August, page 3), its facul- Pudding Theatricals has cast women for of staf and strategic adviser to President ty director, professor of psychology Jason its 2019 production, ending a males-only Lawrence S. Bacow. She has been adjunct Mitchell, stepped down. The new dean of tradition begun in 1844. The formerly all- lecturer and senior fellow at the Harvard undergraduate education, Zemurray Stone male a cappella group, the Din and Ton- Kennedy School, and was previously execu- Radclife professor of English Amanda ics, has admitted a female member as well. tive director of the CPL.…President emeri- Claybaugh, now has that urgent priority (Yale’s Whifenpoofs did so in February.) tus Neil L. Rudenstine has returned to the added to her own agenda. classroom, teaching a freshman seminar, Hutchins honorands. Recipients of “Early 20th Century American and Eng- Howard hughes fellows. The sec- the Hutchins Center’s Du Bois Medal, lish Poetry: Love, War, Religion, and Na- ond cohort of Howard Hughes Medical scheduled to be conferred October 11, ture.”…Rita Charon, M.D. ’78, founding ranged from Colin Kae- chair and professor of medical humani- pernick, the professional ties and ethics at Columbia, was chosen football quarterback at the to deliver the National Endowment for the center of athletes’ protests Humanities’ Jeferson Lecture this Octo- against racial injustice, to ber. The endowment cited her “pioneering Harvard’s own Florence work in narrative medicine.”…Dr. Abigail C. Ladd, BI ’72, the author Lipson, has retired as director of the Col- and director of the Bunting lege’s Bureau of Study Counsel; Sindhu- Institute from 1989 to 1997. mathi Revuluri is interim director.

LOWELL HOUSE LEADERS. Nina Zipser, Ph.D. ’00, dean for faculty affairs and planning, and David Laibson ’88, Goldman professor of economics and former chair of that department, will become faculty deans of Lowell House at the start of the next academic year. They succeed Diana Eck, Wertham professor of law and psychiatry in society, and Dorothy Austin, formerly associate minister at Memorial Church, who are concluding 20 years of service during Lowell’s two-year diaspora, as it undergoes complete renovation, scheduled to end next year. Zipser and Laibson have an 11-year-old son, Max.

30 November - December 2018 Photograph by Stephanie Mitchell/Harvard Public Affairs and Communications

Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 preparing new policies and guidelines on campus sexual assault under the federal “The last fve years have been brutal for almost Title IX—an issue of interest to secretary Betsy DeVos. They would apparently nar- every major in the humanities,” as degrees in row the definition of incidents to be in- vestigated to those subject to formal com- several core disciplines have cratered. plaints filed through ofcial channels, and confine the incidents to those occurring a crisis in the humanities.” Revising con- to concentrate in engineering and computer on schools’ campuses. If promulgated, clusions he reached in 2013, he found that science, at the expense of humanities and the rules are thought likely to relax stan- “The last five years have been brutal for social sciences. dards created during the Obama admin- almost every major in the humanities,” as istration beginning in 2011—in response degrees in philosophy, languages, history, Taxing Matters to which Harvard and other institutions and English have cratered—rather than Enactment of the federal tax on well- created new reporting and hearing pro- stabilizing or recovering after a recession- endowed colleges’ and universities’ endow- cesses, standards, and training protocols, induced downturn in 2008. The same holds ment investment income alarmed Harvard and the future of which might be altered by the for “more humanistic social sciences like peer institutions last year (see harvardmag. forthcoming guidance. Some opponents sociology or political science.” His new com/endowment-tax-18). The University of the Obama-era regulations have main- data also revealed that “the trend is stron- estimates its initial liability may be about tained that they deprive students accused ger higher up the prestige chain.” Thus, $40 million—but it worries even more about of sexual harassment or assault of ordinary “The elite liberal-arts colleges were, until the precedent that was set. due-process rights. 2011 or so, the only schools where humani- That worry may have been amplified ties, social sciences, and sciences actually when Jay Gonzales, the Democratic nomi- Hemorrhaging Humanities? split up the pie evenly: now, humanities are nee in this year’s Massachuetts guberna- Benjamin m. schmidt ’03, assistant pro- down from 35 percent to 22 percent of de- torial race, proposed to fund his plans for fessor of history at Northeastern, who blogs grees,” with similarly steep declines at elite investments in transportation and school- about the digital humanities, in mid July universities, like Harvard, where entering ing by imposing a 1.6 percent annual tax on headlined a long post, “Mea culpa: there is freshmen have increasingly indicated plans endowment assets. He aimed at private, non- WhereWhereWhere Friends FriendsFriends Celebrate CelebrateCelebrate WhereSOCIALSOCIALSOCIAL GATHERINGS GATHERINGS GATHERINGSFriends • CORPORATE • CORPORATE• CORPORATE MEETINGS MEETINGS MEETINGSCelebrate SOCIAL GATHERINGS • CORPORATE MEETINGS Photo by Jean Spencer Photo by Jean Spencer Photo by Jean Spencer Photo by Jean Spencer

FEATURING:FEATURING: HENRIETTA’S HENRIETTA’S TABLE TABLE • BENEDETTORIALTO • RIALTO • NOIR • NOIR • REGATTABAR • REGATTABAR JAZZ JAZZCLUB CLUB FEATURING: HENRIETTA’S TABLE • RIALTO • NOIR • REGATTABAR JAZZ CLUB ONE ONEBENNETT BENNETT STREET STREET • CAMBRIDGE, • CAMBRIDGE, MA • MA 800.882.1818 • 800.882.1818 • CHARLESHOTEL.COM • CHARLESHOTEL.COM ONE BENNETT STREET • CAMBRIDGE, MA • 800.882.1818 • CHARLESHOTEL.COM

Harvard Magazine 31

Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 JOHN H ARVARD'S JOURNAL profit institutions with endowments val- Taking a Page George ued at $1 billion or more: Harvard and MIT, Andreou but also Tufts, Williams, Amherst, Smith, from Knopf Wellesley, Boston College, and Boston Uni- Since becoming director of Harvard versity. For Harvard, the formula—averag- University Press (HUP) in September ing endowment values over the previous 2017, George Andreou has begun tackling five years—would yield an initial tax of the biggest challenges facing academic about $560 million: more than 10 percent publishing—the rise of online scholarly of University operating revenues in fiscal publishing, changed economics in an eB- year 2017, and exactly as much as the Uni- ook era, reduced purchasing budgets at versity’s total spending on scholarships in academic and other libraries, and more fiscal year 2017 (the latest figures available). (see “The ‘Wild West’ of Academic Pub- The proposed tax, in efect, would raise the lishing,” January-February 2015, page 56). distribution on the endowment to nearly 7 He brings to the role his seasoned trade- percent, leaving little if any investment re- publishing perspective. “Trade publishers turn to maintain spending power against have their kind of panoply of presentational changes included several layofs and staf inflation. techniques that aren’t as evident or vigor- reassignments, as well as the announcement When he made his proposal, Gonzalez ously evident in academic publishing,” ex- that Ken Carpenter, formerly vice president trailed the incumbent, Charles D. Baker ’79, plained the former vice president and senior and associate publisher at Houghton Mifin significantly in the polls. But after fretting editor at Alfred A. Knopf. “This does not Harcourt, would become director of mar- about Republican hostility toward elite pri- mean one will become garish in one’s style, keting in September. Editor-in-chief Susan MITCHELL/HPAC STEPHANIE vate universities last year, Harvard leaders but only that there are insights into how you Boehmer will depart in March 2019—and cannot have been thrilled to have the liberal reach readers that are not always evident to Andreou will absorb her role instead of ap- candidate, in one of the most liberal states academic publishers, and we mean to lever- pointing a replacement. “I have assumed in the nation, advancing a stif tax on en- age them for our authors.” that responsibility out of a sense gathered dowments as a pillar of a populist agenda. This past July, Andreou implemented from direct experience that an editorially !john s. rosenberg a broad reorganization of the Press. The driven publisher needs to have the head of

‘ Beyond superb! The performances, the choice of CELEBRATING MUSIC AND PLACE repertoire, the venues... all perfect in my opinion!’

Martin Randall Festival participant in 2017

Photo: Gabrieli, performing at ‘Music in the Cotswolds’ 2018, ©Bill Knight.

Contact us: Music in Bologna 1–6 November 2018 The J.S. Bach Journey 13–19 May 2019 +44 (0)20 8742 3355 West Country Choral Festival 7–11 July 2019 martinrandall.com/festivals Music Along the Danube 31 August–7 September 2019 Sacred Music in Santiago 26 or 28 September–2 October 2019 The Thomas Tallis Trail 1–3 November 2019 ATOL 3622 ABTA Y6050 AITO 5085 Opera in Southern Sicily 5–11 November 2019

32 November - December 2018

Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 the house as editor-in-chief,” he said. “There are, as people who talk about publishing THE UNDERGRADUATE always remark, more books than ever,” he added. “How do you set them apart, how do you make a place for your book? I think that’s a matter of making sure you’ve got the Language Learner best books you can have and publishing as if they were on the inside—that is to say, with a deep understanding of the book, what it’s by isa flores-jones ’19 trying to say, and to whom.” As for the threat that digitization poses for print presses, Andreou said, “We are past efore i went to Madrid, friends mate and me to her home through the evi- the moment in the life of the industry where ofered their stories of time spent dence of the way past guests had mistreated digitization is the fetish that it was. The last abroad. One described the drizzling it. Here was the hot-water kettle in which five to 10 years have shown us that print re- Oxford rain and basement apart- one student had made powdered mac-and- mains the dominant and preferred technol- Bment where he discovered, in spite of his cheese; this was the fridge left wide open, ogy for books. Digital is an additional outlet, formerly tidy atheism, a new religious faith. letting produce go to slime; and here, the in the way audio is. It’s a diferent means of Another crossed a treacherous language bar- oven where guests let their brownies turn consumption, but it’s by no means attained rier by holding dinner parties. This friend to charcoal overnight. She let us sit with the primacy that everyone expected it to provided guests with endless plates of wob- this image: the heat swelling through the do. We do make all our books available bling shakshuka in exchange for their pa- kitchen like an enormous, pregnant balloon. as eBooks, because that’s simply what a re- tience with her carefully conjugated verbs. I tried to explain that I’d be careful; but no, sponsible publisher does now.” As I made my own decision—to stay in I’d already misunderstood. Recalling his decision to leave Knopf to Cambridge that junior spring, or go—her “El horno,” she said, “no funciona.” The oven lead a preeminent academic publisher, An- stories were the most useful. Because while didn’t work. And, to my second question, dreou said he looked forward to the oppor- I didn’t think that leaving Harvard would there’d be no guests allowed. Although at tunity to focus more on “books about ideas,” bring me closer to God, I did know how to that point in the semester I had none to in- given a trade-publishing climate where the make shakshuka. vite over, in any case. place for “serious nonfiction is shrinking— My host mother’s stories fit well with outside of certain perennial categories, like On the first night, my host mother re- the other kind of story I’d heard before Civil War history, where the appetite tends fused my cooking, as she would all subse- going abroad. Academic advisers (and the to be endless.” He added that many of the quent ofers, with a smile. Internet) had warned me away from cer- writers with whom he started out at Knopf “Eres genial,” she said, and opened her tain programs, describing those packages (as senior editor since 2003) wouldn’t be fea- fridge to reveal rows of thick, well-wrapped as a kind of “study-cruise”: all the benefits sible trade authors any longer—“not be- Spanish tortillas, two half melons, a bottle of regular U.S collegiate debauchery plus cause there isn’t an audience for them, but of orange juice. She introduced my room- the added attraction of cultural imperial- because the overhead structure of trade publishers makes it impossible to give the kind of attention to those books that is required to extract [their] full sales potential.” By developing a laser-like focus on a target audience and realistic promotion opportunities for each title HUP chooses to publish, Andreou said, he hopes to avoid one of what he deems the biggest dangers in academic publishing: turning the press into a mere extension of the academic process by which scholars publish work to gain tenure. “A publisher has to publish for someone, so if it becomes too teleological in relation to the academic world, it will lose the vitality that any publisher should hope for,” he explained. “Academic publishers have to bear in mind what most publishers do, which is that the answer to most things is ‘No.’ And the ‘Yeses’ have to have good reasons for them. They have to be the exception.” !oset babür

Illustration by Maya Ish-Shalom Harvard Magazine 33

Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 JOHN H ARVARD'S JOURNAL ism. Madrileños had a word for the kinds of could be eaten with egg or not—but they in a memoir, In Other Words, that I consulted students who tended to subscribe. Guiris were always meant to be shared. When fam- before leaving home. Jhumpa Lahiri describes were the internationals who bumped up ily asked why I wanted to speak Spanish on the process of language-learning as trying to the price of rent in the formerly Senegalese the Iberian peninsula as opposed to Chile cross a lake. On the far side of the water— and Moroccan neighborhoods of La Lati- or Mexico or even Argentina, I named this which looks warm and deceptively shallow— na and Lavapiés; guiris, the sorority sisters missing context: all I knew about the coun- is a glimmering house. This was the goal. This who sprawled out in the Parque de Buen try, I had gotten from that one tapas res- would be fluency, and I would arrive. Retiro without sunscreen, only to be duly taurant down Kirkland Street, and maybe But at the study-abroad program’s of- surprised at how they’d been burned. To a from watching the movie Volver. On the other fice in Spain, the counselors informed me Harvard student considering study abroad, stories like these are probably more terrify- I wanted to fnd other people struggling, if not ing than anything else, carrying with them implications of unseriousness, wasted op- with Spanish, then with words themselves. portunity, and—more than anything— the loss of implicit context. hand, I had lived in Mexico, and while it was that my mediocre Spanish disqualified my true that I’d never seen Chile, Argentina, or enrolling in any of the Universidad Com- When i came to Harvard I had little of for that matter any of South America, I’d plutense’s literature courses. Instead, there this so-called context. Harvard itself was never known Europe, and did not know were the departments of anthropology, so- unknown, accompanied by a new vocab- when I’d get another chance to do so. ciology, and economics; subjects, apparent- ulary of anxieties and social mores, that There are risks in going abroad. While still ly, where words were not important. This played out against a background of brick studying at the Law School’s library I had an- was a blow. I had wanted to find other peo- buildings and a freshman dining hall that ticipated one of them: the difculty of com- ple struggling, if not exactly with the Span- felt like a castle. munication. Despite my grandmother’s at- ish language, then with the words them- Before Madrid there was only one kind of tempted tutelage, I never learned Spanish. selves. I understood why a scholar who had tortilla in my life, the flat, Mexican kind my On the sides of my course notes, I practiced: dedicated years to studying the inflection grandmother made with flour and lard and leeré, leeremos, leerán. I will read, we will read, of Lorca’s phrases might not want my bro- salt on a hot stove. Meant to be wrapped they will read. One of my favorite authors ken clauses in class, but I missed this crit- around beans or chile verde, these tortillas had written about teaching herself Italian, ical way of relating to language; I missed conversation with friends about books; I missed the books themselves. Guiltily, I read more English. From David Sedaris came the assurance that life would Explore More have been worse had I been a Francophile: in Parisian language classes you might get pen- Harvardmagazine.com brings you cils chucked at your face. The worst thing I’d been hit with in Spain was a broken oven, continuous coverage of University and alumni news. and even that might be fixable. Possibly, my Visit to fnd these stories and more: host mother had said when I asked, and then, Vale. Vamos a ver. Maybe. OK. We’ll see. First-Gen Orientation And there are risks beyond an inability to Harvard’s inaugural pre-orientation program for select preferred classes or fulfill academic low-income freshmen requirements. You might sacrifice the possi- harvardmag.com/fyre-18 bility of developing career-altering mentor- ships, or be passing up one of those cours- “Generational Pivot” es that appear, like certain corpse-smelling Arne Duncan ’86 discusses education, politics, flowers, only once every half-decade. and Harvard basketball at the Institute of Politics. Four years is a short time, and choosing harvardmag.com/duncan-18 to stay at Harvard for all of it might feel necessary for anyone who wants to achieve an extracurricular title that merits capital let- “Tyranny Is Our Foe” ters. Going abroad, even for one semester, The seventy-ffth anniversary of Winston can prevent a student from gaining such Churchill’s honorary-degree speech at Harvard responsibilities in any of the many clubs, harvardmag.com/churchill-18 political groups, or arts organizations that occupy our collective Google calendars. A perceived tradeof between extracurricu- visit harvardmagazine.com lar advancement and leaving school is so

FROM TOP: ROSE LINCOLN/HPAC; DAVID TANNENWALD; THE UNITED KINGDOMUNITEDTHE GOVERNMENT/PUBLIC DOMAIN TANNENWALD; LINCOLN/HPAC;DAVID ROSE TOP: FROM well observed that The Harvard Crimson has

34 November - December 2018

Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 covered it at least twice. In an article from is the study-abroad experience, and home Córdoba was only four hours long. In Janu- 2003, the decision is posited as a ruthless is just home, albeit far away. ary, the Palacio Real wore a cap of snow like either/or, with the negative ruling already a tiny diploma; yes, the tasty bocadillos were decided in the title: a matter of “Leaving” At the housing ofce next to the uni- only a few euros; and if you went to hear vs. “Leadership.” versity, they listened to my oven talk with flamenco in the Plaza Real, you didn’t have Because the undergraduates who go a great deal of patience. By that time, I’d to worry about company. A million Spanish abroad are so few, I wonder whether any- made Spanish friends: art students who met grandfathers would go along. You might be one has tried to advertise the application at the Plaza del Dos de Mayo to trade jokes lonely, but you would never be alone. as a highly competitive process. The Ofce in rapid-fire Castellano, punctuating their In my last month in the city, I moved to an of International Education estimates that speech with expressions whose crudeness empty apartment near the Quevedo metro close to 50 students will be abroad this fall I would realize only a continent later, when stop. There was a balcony that overlooked term, with perhaps slightly more than 100 I tried to repeat them in Mexico City. I was a sea of open windows; a washing machine; leaving in the spring. That number fluctu- confusedly gratified that these Spaniards, and, most important of all, an oven. And, ates slightly, but it is far from the 60 percent with their quick lisps, would invite me to incredibly, they would come: Lisa from the cited on the College’s study-abroad page, join them at their homes and in the book- Netherlands, whom I’d met in the anthro- a percentage that suggests many Harvard shops of the city, where we picked up dif- pology class I’d taken by accident; Maria, students are well-stamped polyglots with ferent titles but read them together. who discovered that we both liked novel- friends on every continent. The difer- If my notion of fluency was to speak in a ist Julio Cortázar; Lucia, who’d stopped me ence in those two numbers comes from the diferent intonation and put the clauses in from taking the wrong bus; Marcos, who broad definition of “international experi- the right places, then I had done it before, sent me back to the United States with one ence,” which a study-abroad adviser once at Harvard. But maybe fluency was some- of his tiny illustrated magazines, plus five told me might include everything from brief thing else. Gulping at comprehension, I tried hours’ worth of flamenco music, all on CD. research field-trips to international intern- again. For them, I would set the timer, open the ships to the marginal number of students Impeded by confused syntax, by books doors, make piles of chorizo and potatoes who take courses abroad during term time we had or had not read, by the food we’d and probably, most definitely, a diferent itself. And then there is the fact that for the eaten as kids, in Madrid we nevertheless kind of tortilla. students who come to Harvard from outside knew some things that were easily said but the United States (roughly 10 percent to 12 less easily explained: at 10 p.m. we’d meet Berta Greenwald Ledecky Undergraduate Fellow Isa percent in recent classes), Cambridge itself somewhere near Malasaña. A bus ride to Flores-Jones ’19 is still unpacking her bags.

SPORTS

A Hard Road

The early season holds no easy wins for Harvard football.

n hoping to rebound from an un- But as that emi- characteristically mediocre 5-5 record nent pugilist Mike in 2017, coach Tim Murphy put forth a Tyson once ob- multi-pronged plan for the 2018 Har- served, “Everybody Ivard football season, the Crimson’s 145th. Its has a plan—until major elements: First, bolster his ofensive they are punched and defensive lines. “We have a saying here: in the mouth.” By It’s what’s up front that counts,” declared the fourth week Murphy as he entered his twenty-ﬁfth sea- of the 2018 season, son on the Crimson sideline. Second, get the Murphy’s squad CRIMSON HARVARD THE ball as often as possible into the hands of se- had taken sever-

nior All-Ivy wideout and kick returner Jus- al hard punches. O’MEARA/ TIM tice Shelton-Mosley, whose production had Harvard had a 2-2 record (1-1 in Ivy League On tippytoes: Harvard’s Justice Shelton- dropped to a paltry 3.6 receptions a game in play), but a two-game losing streak. The in- Mosley performs a sideline balancing act after one of his game-high 10 catches ’17. Third, bank on the continuing maturity consistent Smith seemingly had regressed against Rhode Island. The senior wideout of quarterback Jake Smith, who was coming and had been supplanted by senior Tom suffered a severe leg injury against Cornell of a promising freshman year. Stewart. Senior Charlie Booker III, an All- a week later.

Harvard Magazine 35

Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 JOHN H ARVARD'S JOURNAL

Scrunch time! A host of Crimson defenders, including senior tackle Richie Ryan (50), senior defensive back Cole Thompson (27), and junior defensive lineman Brogan McPartland (81) corrals Brown running back Andrew Bolton. The Crimson limited the Bears to 32 yards rushing.

touchdowns were one shy of the Crimson single-game record set by Tom Ossman ’52 against Brown in 1951. For his outstanding efort, Shampklin was named Ivy League Player of the Week. Besides Shampklin’s break- out day, there were other sa- lubrious takeaways from the victory. Smith (13 of 21 passing) was solid and decisive;

GIL TALBOT/HARVARD ATHLETIC COMMUNICATIONS ATHLETIC TALBOT/HARVARD GIL the Crimson committed Ivy running back last season, was hobbled star was born. In the Crimson’s 36-14 win, no turnovers. Shelton-Mosley had seven and still hadn’t seen the field. The Crim- running back Aaron Shampklin scored three catches for 127 yards, plus a 43-yard kickof son also had not developed a signature tight first-quarter touchdowns, on runs of 64, 23, return. The defense bent but rarely broke. end of the caliber Harvard has had in re- and 22 yards. In the fourth quarter, the 5 Freshman punter Jon Sot averaged a stellar cent years. (Five were on NFL rosters at foot, 10-inch, 180-pound sophomore from 46.7 yards a boot, placing three kicks inside the season’s start.) Most devastatingly, in Paramount, California, tacked on another TD, the Toreros’ 20. the fourth game—a dispiriting 28-24 loss at on a 13-yard jaunt. Running behind a pair of The next week Harvard journeyed to Cornell—Shelton-Mosley sufered a severe 285-pound seniors, center Ben Shoults and leg injury on a punt return. When he would guard Larry Allen Jr., Shampklin, who has Crimson streak: Aaron Shampklin sails return was uncertain. The Crimson attack speed, moves, and a surprising ability to past Cornell defenders on a 47-yard touchdown jaunt that gave the Crimson a faced the prospect of navigating with- break tackles, finished with 178 yards on 15 7-0 lead. The sophomore sensation out its most dynamic weapon, the player carries: an eye-popping 11.9 average. His four fnished with a career-high 191 yards. whom opposing defenses had to worry about most (see “Happy Returns,” September-October, page 28). Besides internal challenges, Murphy had to face an external one: the extreme competitiveness of Ivy football, from top to bot- tom. There are no longer any easy games, no breathers. The days of marking Columbia as a guaranteed win are over, particularly since former Penn coach Al Ba- gnoli began upgrading the program in 2015. It’s not quite par- ity—but every team has talent, some of it outstanding.

In the ﬁrst two weeks, though, Murphy’s plan appeared to be working just the way he had CRIMSON HARVARD THE drawn it up. In the opener against

San Diego at Harvard Stadium, a O’MEARA/ TIM

36 November - December 2018

Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 Brown for a Friday Night Lights contest (the ﬁrst of three this season) and came away with a hard-fought 31-17 win. Shampklin continued his tear, running for 93 yards on 15 carries. Smith was 23-for-30 passing, albeit with a couple of worrisome interceptions. But the victory belonged to the defense, anchored by senior linemen Richie Ryan and Stone Hart, which limit- LEWIS ed the Bears to 32 yards on the ground. In ZERTER-GOSSAGE the second quarter, senior defensive back ‘19 Cole Thompson picked of a pass by Brown

In the opener against KATE HALLETT San Diego at Harvard ‘19 Stadium, a star was born: running back FOR FULL

Aaron Shampklin. SCHEDULES SETH TOWNS quarterback Michael McGovern and took & TICKETS ‘20 it 27 yards to the house. That score gave the VISIT Crimson a 21-3 lead, but the Bears didn’t quit. The game wasn’t clinched until the TICKETS. fourth quarter, when Smith led the Crim- son on an 87-yard drive that culminated GOCRIMSON.COM with a 22-yard scoring flip to senior wideout Adam Scott. STREAM THESE GAMES, MADELINE RASTER AND MORE THAN 1,100 IVY The crimson was not able to complete the ‘19 LEAGUE EVENTS ON Ocean State exacta. Rhode Island came into the Stadium for a Friday-night game and departed with a 23-16 win. Once the doormat of the Colonial Athletic Association, the Rams have evolved into a fast, athletic team. In the first half they built a 16-3 lead while stifling Harvard, holding the Crimson of- fense to one yard rushing on 12 carries. Early in the second half, Harvard mustered two field goals by Jake McIntyre. (The junior from Orlando, Florida, was six-for-seven on field-goal tries in the first four games, especially important because the Crim- son’s red-zone touchdown performance @harvardmagazine was a miserable 2-for-11.) But after a 34-yard McIntyre boot made the score 16-6, Rhode Island’s Ahmere Dorsey took the ensuing kickof 97 yards for a touchdown—essentially, the game-winner, although in the fourth quarter another promising Crimson sophomore back, Devin Darrington, ran for a 36-yard touchdown. (Murphy refers to Dar- rington and Shampklin as “Thunderbolt and Lightfoot.”) On the road again, the Crimson went back Follow along...

Harvard Magazine 37

Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 JOHN H ARVARD'S JOURNAL to Ivy competition and for the second year in down passes, one to Scott, anoth- a row sufered a disheartening defeat at Cor- er to senior Henry Taylor. The lat- To receive weekly nell. The toughest hit came in the first peter gave the Crimson a 24-14 lead football reports, sign up at riod when Shelton-Mosley returned a punt with a little more than 10 minutes 13 yards and was brought down by the Big remaining—seemingly, breathing harvardmag.com/email Red’s Nathaniel Weber and Malik Leary. room. Instead, Cornell pushed over On the tackle Shelton-Mosley’s left leg was two quick touchdowns and held twisted; he needed to be helped of the field. of a late drive engineered by Stewart. The tion of the Ivy schedule, featuring back-to- His day done, he appeared on the sideline in coughed-up lead wasted an 11-tackle day by back games against the early season’s two sweats and with an air cast on his leg. defensive back Thompson, as well as anoth- dominant teams, Princeton and Dartmouth. Toward the end of the first half, with er magnificent outing by Shampklin, who The Crimson would have to go some to jus- Smith struggling to move the team, Mur- slipped, stutter-stepped, and streaked to a tify the Ivy Media preseason poll, which phy yanked him and inserted senior Tom game- and career-high 191 yards, including placed Harvard third, behind Yale and Stewart (who also had briefly replaced a 47-yard touchdown. Princeton. It would be a rugged road to Smith in the Rhode Island game). Stewart One more non-conference game—against The Game on November 17 at Fenway Park. did a creditable job, throwing two touch- Holy Cross—loomed before the brutal por- !dick friedman

for the 22-year-old former Olympian: inter- pushed him to the top of the world rankings. Striking Distance national competitions in Moscow, Madrid, “It was a big summer,” he allows with a Ranked first in the world, fencer Havana (where he took first place in the Pan slight smile. He’s trying not to make too Eli Dershwitz looks to the 2020 Olympics. American Fencing Championship), and, fi- big a thing of it—a number-one ranking, nally, the World Championship in Wuxi, he knows, means a target on his back. Plus, China. Blazing through a half-dozen oppo- he has more work yet to do: one last sea- Last may, when Eli Dershwitz ’18 (’19) nents before a hard-fought final bout, Der- son with his Harvard teammates—for the turned in his finals and headed out of Cam- shwitz walked away with silver. That tri- second year, Dershwitz is co-captain of the bridge for the summer, he was the top- umph, in late July, capped a 2017-18 season men’s squad, and he’d like to see the team ranked men’s saber fencer in the United in which he had already earned three inter- win a NCAA championship. Beyond that lie States. When he returned to campus three national medals: two golds in Algeria and the 2020 Olympics in Tokyo, which he’ll be- months later, he was number one in the Italy, and a bronze in South Korea—and the gin training for full time once he graduates. world. The time between was a whirlwind cumulative points from each tournament “I don’t remember the last time a day went by when I didn’t think about the Olympics and getting a gold medal there,” he says. “It’s pretty much what I think about all the time.” Yet what he’s already accomplished really is a big thing. Dershwitz is only the second American to top the world rankings for men’s saber, and the only one to do it while enrolled full-time in college (he is a history concentrator). He won a U.S. senior men’s championship when he was 18, becoming the youngest ever. “He’s one of those cases where you see an athlete like this, if you’re lucky, once every generation,” says Harvard fencing coach Pe- ter Brand. “I’ve been doing this for 40 years, and I’ve never seen Saber fencer Eli anybody like him.” Dershwitz enters his Saber is the most fast-paced fnal Harvard season of fencing’s three weapons, a hungrier than ever. sprint compared to the marathon of épée and foil. It is a

38 November - December 2018 Photographs by Stu Rosner

Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 JOHN H ARVARD'S JOURNAL cutting weapon, and opponents can score Dershwitz, left, with both the point and the side of the blade. practicing with teammate Daniel “That’s what speeds it up,” Dershwitz ex- Solomon ’22, shows plains. “Everything is these very quick why saber is the sport’s touches, these minute actions, and every- fastest weapon. thing’s moving so fast. There’s a constant give and take between you and your oppo- the 2016 Games in Rio nent, how you react in a fraction of a sec- de Janeiro. He made ond, and how they react.” Winning requires the team, as its young- lightning-quick reflexes and footspeed; it est member, but lost in also requires aggression and adaptability his first bout, against a and strategic acuity. Fencing as a whole is veteran fencer from Bel- often referred to as “physical chess,” and sa- gium. “He was inexperi- ber, Brand says, is the most chess-like of all, enced,” Brand says, “and “just in the mental toughness it demands.” the pressure was enor- Dershwitz’s older brother was the one mous.” Dershwitz came who introduced him to the sport. Philip home still hungry. Dershwitz, who later fenced for Princeton, Not for the first time. learned saber at a day camp near the fam- In 2014, at the junior ily’s home in Sherborn, Massachusetts, and world championship liked it so much that he wanted to keep go- in Bulgaria, he came in ing. He joined a fencing club run by Zoran ranked first. He’d been Tulum, a former champion from Yugoslavia up and down in that who now coaches the U.S. men’s national sa- tournament during the ber team (and in the 1980s spent two years previous two years— on the coaching staf at Harvard). Soon Eli losing badly when he joined his brother there. “As a kid, it was like, was supposed to do I can run around with a metal sword and hit well, winning medals my friends without getting in trouble,” Der- when it wasn’t expect- shwitz says. “I thought, this is perfect.” ed—but that year, he thought, would be his medalist, because whoever won that contest Tulum’s Zeta Fencing became a second year. He’d trained hard; he felt focused and was guaranteed a medal. Dershwitz fell be- home. Housed in an 1880s building in Natick, ready. “And then I got demolished,” he says. hind early but fought his way back; more the place recalls the fencing salles of the Vic- “I finished, I don’t know, in probably 100th than once he seemed almost to take flight torian era, with its dark wood paneling and place.” For several weeks, he moped incon- as he raced and then leapt across the strip. heavy drapes and upholstered benches. It was solably. Then he sat down with Tulum, his After another comeback win in the semis, there that Brand first caught sight of Der- coach, and made a promise. “I told him that he faced veteran South Korean fencer Kim shwitz. “Actually, my kid was fencing him,” in the future, if I lose to someone, it might be Jung-hwan, an Olympic medalist whom he’d he says. Dershwitz was eight, Brand’s son was because they’re better than me, or faster than beaten a few months earlier, in the finals. 12, and the boys were battling for first place in me, or more experienced than me. But I will Kim won, but Dershwitz fenced well. a local competition. Looking back now, Brand never again in my life lose a bout because the Strangely, though, he doesn’t really re- laughs. “It was something else to behold,” he other person worked harder than me. I prom- member that. If you ask him to describe what says. “This little guy, Eli, in there just shriek- ised him that right there. I don’t know if he he was thinking or doing during one bout or ing.…Frankly, my 12-year-old was a seasoned remembers it. We were sitting at a restaurant another, he can’t. “I’d say that most of the big fencer by then, and he had a real tough time called the Dolphin in Natick, Massachusetts.” tournaments in my career, I have no recollec- with Eli. It was impressive. I saw him, and I The next year, Dershwitz’s last before aging tion of the actual in-person experience,” he said, ‘Who the hell is this kid?’” out of the tournament, he won gold. says. Something else—adrenaline? training? Growing up, Dershwitz also played soc- Last season, with its string of medals (in- the unconscious?—takes over completely: cer, basketball, lacrosse, and baseball, but cluding an individual NCAA title, his second “There have been tournaments where I lose, by the time he reached high school, he had in a row), Dershwitz felt, maybe for the first like, 14 hours of my life.” Instead, Dershwitz decided to go all in on fencing. He was start- time, that he was performing consistently watches the video later. And what he sees— ing to realize how good at it he was, win- well throughout. “In those six weeks leading in his own moves, which he can recognize ning not just local tournaments, but bigger up to the world championship, I was feeling but not remember, and in the countermoves competitions too, against fencers from oth- the best I have in my entire life, mentally and of his opponent—is something he also sees er parts of the country, other parts of the physically,” he says. “And then the day came in his Harvard teammates when he watch- world. At some point, an intense drive took and I got nervous like I’ve never been nervous es them train, rehearsing again and again hold. By the time he arrived at Harvard, he before.” The moment of highest pressure was the minute complexities of footwork and was thinking about the Olympics, and took perhaps the quarterfinal bout against Hun- bladework: “Fencing,” he says, “is a beauti- his sophomore year of to train full-time for garian Áron Szilágyi, the 2016 Olympic gold ful sport.” !lydialyle gibson www.gocrimson.com Harvard Magazine 39

Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 flared up in the first centuries after Jesus’s death. Increasingly, these questions have led her to another one: “What work do stories do?” Storytelling is a deeply human act through which possibilities are realized, King says, and ways of living enabled or constrained. It matters which stories are told, and by whom. Take, for instance, Jesus’s marital status, a subject that has caused sharp controversy in King’s career. “What diference does it make if the story says Jesus was married or not?” she asks. “Well, it makes a big diference. It touches everything from people’s most intimate sense about their lives and their own sexuality to large institutional structures. It afects who gets to be in charge, who gets to preach and teach, who can be pure and holy. Should people be married or not? Can you be divorced or not? Is sexuality sinful, by definition? All of this depends on what kind of story you tell.” Another example cuts close to King’s heart: for most of Christian history, religious art and literature depicted Mary Magdalene as a prostitute, a fallen woman who repented and anointed Jesus’s feet with oil. Modern historians now debunk this claim, demonstrating how the Mary Magda- lene mentioned in the Bible only as an important follower of Christ became misidentified centuries later with another woman, an unnamed sinner, and from that confusion, was transformed into a harlot. “Think of the societal efect those representations have had,” King says, extending from late medieval poorhouses that took in women under the name of Mary Magdalene, to the infamous Magdalene Laundries in Ireland, where prostitutes and unwed mothers were con- fined well into the twentieth century. As King told the audience last fall, “The stories we live by, or the stories that are forced upon us, are crucial…There are no bare facts that are he lecture had a playful, topical title—“Did Early not entangled in storied worlds.” Christians Invent Fake News?”—but the questions Kar- It is through this lens that she thinks about those early argu- en L. King had come to wrestle with that night, as rain fell in ments over Christianity. In the efort to establish a unified doctrine sheets outside and a room full of students and scholars listened, out of tremendous diversity, early church A medieval illuminat- were ancient and deeply serious. King, the Hollis professor of fathers like Irenaeus, the powerful second- ed manuscript (left) divinity and a historian of early Christianity, was speaking at century bishop of Lyon, who decried the shows Mary Magda- Williams College, where she served as a visiting faculty mem- “wicked and unfounded doctrine” of lene announcing the ber last fall. The questions at the center of her talk have oc- worshippers whose beliefs he opposed, risen Christ to other disciples; a modern cupied her for decades: about the line between orthodoxy and not only proclaimed the “good news” of print modeled after it heresy, and about the vehement, sometimes violent, debates that salvation; they also used “lies, polemics, hangs in King’s offce.

40 November - December 2018 Illustration courtesy of Harvard Fine Arts Library, Digital Images and Slides Collection; portrait by Stu Rosner Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 and misdirection,” King said in her talk, to paint their opponents the story—“what do they say? What do they show us that’s new as cowards, deceivers, forgers, and false witnesses. And they won. or diferent about Christianity?” Their theological vision triumphed and endured. The worshippers Bernadette Brooten, a Brandeis religious historian whose research whom Irenaeus called Gnostics, or simply “those people,” were helped set the record straight about the existence of women apos- silenced and marginalized. Their sacred texts largely disappeared tles and synagogue leaders, has known King since she was a young from the world, “at a considerable loss,” King said, “to Christian professor. She says King’s meticulous textual interpretation and thought and practice.” a willingness to question inherited frameworks enables “a more During the past century and a half, some of those texts, the ones precise view of the literature,” Brooten says. “She asks, ‘What does that never made it into the Bible, have resurfaced, excavated from our framework preclude us from seeing?’” ancient Egyptian garbage heaps and burial sites, popping up in “Karen’s book really shifted the discussion,” says Princeton reli- antiquities markets. Added together, they are much larger than gion scholar Elaine Pagels, Ph.D. ’70, LL.D. ’13, whose 1979 bestseller the New Testament, and perhaps even than the whole Bible. The The Gnostic Gospels dislodged the idea of early Christianity as a uniﬁed papyrus manuscripts reveal gospels (stories of the life and teach- movement and launched the conversation that What Is Gnosticism? ings of Christ), revelations, chants, poems, prayers, epistles, hymns, later took up. “Karen’s book showed how those terms”—Gnosticism, spiritual instructions. King’s scholarly mission is to “make room” for heresy, orthodoxy—“were coined, how those concepts were shaped, them in the Chris- and how late they tian story. “There’s came into scholarly a way in which the discourse,” says Pa- standard narrative gels. “It’s like clear- of early Christianity ing away the brush, has a place for them so that people could already,” she says. look at these texts “It’s called heresy.” with a much more She smiles. “I open mind.” mean, there’s nothing wrong with hav- King likes to say ing normative cate- that her career came gories—in fact, it’s out of a jar in Egypt. important for hav- In 1945, a peasant ing an ethics” and named Muhammad a shared social life. Ali al-Aamman dis- “But as a historian, covered a red earth- you want to see the enware jar full of full data set.…I think manuscripts in the a history of Chris- upper Egyptian tianity, which is a desert, near a town kind of story, serves called Nag Ham- us better if it has madi. He opened all the loose ends, it, thinking there the complexities, might be gold in- the multiple voices, side, but instead

the difculties, the PATRICK CHAPUIS/GAMMA-RAPHOfound VIA GETTY IMAGES 13 leather- things that don’t add On King’s desk: a facsimile bound papyrus up, the roads not taken—all of that,” she says. “We from the Gospel of Thomas, books. He took the cache home to his mother, who a Nag Hammadi text of 114 need complexity for the complexity of our lives.” sayings attributed to Jesus used some of the papyrus for kindling. The rest That’s what drew her in when she learned about found its way to the antiquities market and, even- the existence of other gospels beyond the four included in the New tually, to scholars. Now called the Nag Hammadi Library, 52 sacred Testament. “I remember being attracted to this literature, and be- texts survive, Coptic translations of Greek originals, ofering vivid ing told at the same time that it was wrong,” King says. “And part and varied interpretations of the Christian tradition. Some suggest, of me wanted to figure that problem out.” for instance, that the resurrection of Jesus was perceived through Her 2003 book What Is Gnosticism? was one attempt at figuring mystical visions, not fleshly encounters, or that God is best imaged it out. Tracing the term’s obscure lineage and contested defini- as the Father-Mother, or simply as “the Good.” tions over time, the book was a major study challenging the very As an undergraduate at the University of Montana in the early categories of orthodoxy and heresy. “What does Christianity look 1970s, King took a religious studies course from John Turner, one like if we don’t impose these categories on the data? If we just see of the scholars working to edit and translate the Nag Hammadi these texts as simply there.” What would it look like to read these texts. In class, she and other students read unpublished drafts of so-called Gnostic heretical texts just as Christian? “When you look English translations that the wider public wouldn’t see for several at them not as wrong”—not as outside the data set but a part of years. It was electrifying. King had never imagined that there were

42 November - December 2018

Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 early Christian writings beyond the Bible. “Why these texts and personified wisdom and strength, who were leaders and prophets. not those?” she wondered. And: “Who decided, and why?” “This became a significant part of my work—women, gender, King came to college intending to be a doctor. She grew up in tiny sexuality, and what the early Christians said about it.” She has Sheridan, Montana, a town lined with churches, where her mother written, for instance, about the Gospel of Philip, a Nag Hammadi was a teacher and her father the pharmacist. It was a helping pro- text that portrays Jesus as actually married (to Mary Magdalene) fession, she says, and no one was turned away from his store, even and his marriage as a “symbolic paradigm,” she says, “for the bap- when they couldn’t pay. “I was a Christian”—she remains one— tismal reunification of believers with their angelic selves” in what “and when I went to college, I wanted, as many young people do, is called the “ritual of the bridal chamber.” to do good in the world.” She settled on medicine. King spent 13 years at Occidental, where she co-taught an intro- But then she ended up in John Turner’s class, and found herself ductory course called “World Religions in Los Angeles.” Instead of drawn to a major in religion. Medical schools, she was told, liked a conventional syllabus, she and two other instructors divided the well-rounded students who’d studied beyond science. students into teams and asked them to pick “a something,” she says. After graduation, King, who’d grown up hiking and camping in “It could be the local farmacia”—which, in Latino culture, dispenses the Rocky Mountains, took a solo bicycle trip down the West Coast. folk cures, religious amulets and candles, and limpias (“spiritual “From the driveway of the house in Sheridan, I biked my way to Mis- cleansings”)—or a church, synagogue, temple, or whatever. “LA has soula over the Continental Divide.” From there she took a train to everything. So they went out and found religion.” She rented a bus Seattle and biked the Olympic Peninsula down the coast of Wash- and took the class to Pentacostal meetings, an Eastern Orthodox ington and Oregon into California. Afterward, she moved to New cathedral, Hindu temples, a Buddhist monastery, a Muslim com- York City, to be a nanny in Calvin Trillin’s household, a job that had munity center, the temporary synagogue of recent Russian Jewish opened through a series of connections and coincidences—Trillin immigrants. “Sometimes we would pick a spot on the map and knew a Montana senator, who had met King’s college adviser at a draw a circle around it and send the students to find out what re- party. She earned room and board and $65 a week. The experience ligion looks like inside that circle,” King says. The students would was transformative: “my first time to do everything.” Museums, the- start by asking, “What do you believe?” By the end of the course, aters, subways, street food. She discovered that she could stand at they were paying attention to artwork and architecture, music or the back of the Metropolitan Op- era for $5. Trillin’s wife, Alice, an “I REMEMBER BEING ATTRACTED TO THIS English teacher, gave King books to read by authors who were invit- LITERATURE, AND BEING TOLD AT THE SAME ed to dinner. “Bud and Alice were great,” King says. Once they even TIME THAT IT WAS WRONG. AND PART OF ME hired a babysitter so she could go out with them. WANTED TO FIGURE THAT PROBLEM OUT.” While there, she applied to graduate schools in religion, still figuring she’d do medical school afterward. “Naively, I thought I the lack of it, teaching and meditation, prayer. They watched how could just take two or three years and do a Ph.D. in religion, just for worshippers gathered, whether men and women sat separately; fun, just for myself.” She chose Brown, in part, because the faculty they traced groups’ immigrant history. there promised the chance to work with the Nag Hammadi litera- The class altered King’s understanding of how to treat early ture. She spent seven years in the program, including a semester at Christianity. The thesis of the course had been that religion is at Yale learning Coptic, and a year and a half in Berlin, studying with least partly a function of place. “I started noticing that scholars Hans Martin Schenke, a renowned Coptic scholar and translator would talk about the ‘pure essence of Christianity,’ or what Chris- who headed the Nag Hammadi project in East Berlin. This was 1982. tianity ‘is’ as a singular thing. But what Los Angeles shows you is “I was ofcially in West Berlin, but I would have to cross the border that religion is always fully embedded in the culture of its place.” back and forth with these materials.” She was often stopped and It is diverse and always adapting. “And so that purity and synchro- made to wait hours at the border. Once she was strip-searched. It nism are really artificial categories that don’t help us understand was all worth it: “Schenke really gave me my career,” she says. “He the complex beginnings of Christianity.” In Los Angeles, she once sat with me one day a week for over a year, taught me how to read visited a Greek Orthodox church that displayed a timeline of Chris- manuscripts that were unpublished. That was my dissertation.” tian history in which the main trunk, from the origins of Jesus, led By the time she finished graduate school, the study of religion had directly to the Orthodox Church, with Catholicism and Protestant- finally, fully taken hold. She accepted a job at Occidental College in ism as side branches. In their own churches, of course, Catholics and Los Angeles, where she was asked to teach in women’s studies, an Protestants each see themselves as the trunk. academic field just coalescing (King would help found the college’s King’s current ambition is to write a history of Christianity capa- women’s studies major and eventually chair it). She ofered a course on cious enough to incorporate the silenced voices and marginalized women in the Bible and early Christianity. “And I remember my stu- texts—a fuller data set. It’s the book she has been edging toward all dents saying, ‘Isn’t there anything good that they said about women?’” along. “I want us to understand that things are more complicated That sparked an awakening to a patriarchal side of the Christianity and complex than any simple story could possibly make them out she was familiar with; meanwhile, newly recovered Christian texts to be....Now I’m working on these early Christian texts that are re- from Egypt ofered accounts of the feminine divine, and women who garded as heresy, as paths not taken. But these texts were written

Harvard Magazine 43

Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 before there was a biblical canon, a closed list of scriptures. They the soul,” described as the movement toward God at the end of life. were written before there was a church architecture or building. In the text, Jesus’s disciples ask, “What is the nature of sin?” They were written before you had fixed orders of authority, like He replies, “There is no such thing as sin,” since God is perfectly bishops and priests. They were written before you had a creed. I good. Yet people sufer and die, King told the class, by clinging to began to realize that in fact the history of Christianity is the story the worldly “powers” of darkness and ignorance and desire and of how all these texts came into being.” wrath that keep the soul tethered to “the things of the flesh.” “The more I thought about it,” King says, the more the gospel seemed to On a Monday morning this past spring, King was guiding a classroom be about a spiritual path in this life as much as what might hap- of Harvard Divinity School students through the Gospel of Mary, a text pen in the afterlife. “There is something in the story of the rise of that’s become central to her scholarship. It is the only known gospel at- the soul, of coming to terms with life and sufering and death, that tributed to a woman and was the subject of King’s 2003 book, The Gospel people find very moving.” of Mary of Magdala: Jesus and the First Woman Apostle. Like the Nag Hammadi cache, this text is a relatively late discovery, part of a fifth-century In a roundabout way, the Gospel of Mary and other early texts papyrus book found near Akhmim, Egypt, and purchased in 1896 by concerning women and gender led King to another avenue of re- German author Carl Re- search, on violence inhardt. He brought the and torture. Both, she book to Berlin, where it says, pay attention to became known as the the body. Early Chris- Berlin Codex; it wasn’t tianity had diferent fully translated from the notions about “how Coptic until 1955. to regard the fleshly The Gospel of Mary, body,” she explains— from which several whether it is funda- pages—perhaps half mentally sinful, or can the text—are miss- be “radically trans- ing, elaborates on two formed,” whether it is post-crucifixion scenes actually essential to mentioned briefly in the being “fully human.” New Testament’s Gos- How much did sex or pel of John, in which Je- gender or ethnicity, or sus appears and gives whether a person was teachings, first to Mary elite or enslaved, ulti- Magdalene, and then mately matter? King two a larger group of did some research. She disciples. Much schol- made some notes. arly attention to the Then, 10 years ago, text has focused on the King was diagnosed dispute between Mary, with olfactory brain who is reporting what cancer. She under- Jesus said when he ap- went seven surgeries peared to her, and An- in three years, and re- drew and Peter, who ceived radiation treat- not only question her ment. “It was one of account, but also chal- those are-you-going-

lenge the idea that Jesus IMAGES FESENKO/123RF IEVGENII to-make-it-or-not would give precedence to a woman. But in class that The Russian Orthodox kind of things,” she says. For a while, no one was morning, King was interested in something else about Church of Mary Magdalene sure. “You know, as intellectuals, we spend a lot of in Jerusalem shows her the text: an idea called the “rise of the soul.” before Pontius Pilate with a time in our heads. Well, I spent a lot of time in my The appeal to feminists and readers interested in red egg, a symbol of Jesus’s body. Just in my body.” When she was recovering, early Christian women is obvious—a woman dis- resurrection. King went back and looked at the notes she’d made ciple, a leader trusted by the Savior—and King as- on the body in Christianity, and found them all “so sumed they would be her audience for the book. But then she also absurd.” Everything went into the wastebasket. She started over. began receiving letters from a diferent group: the dying and their This time, she decided to look at sufering and illness and what loved ones. “There was an especially moving letter from a man who Christian texts from the ﬁrst three centuries might have to say talked about his wife dying, and they would read the Gospel of about them. She didn’t ﬁnd much. “There’s a lot about healing and Mary together.” She thought about how, when she wrote the book, faith. But basically it’s, if you pray and you’re healed, God has healed her own father was dying. It occurred to her that the central point you. If you pray and you’re not healed, then God doesn’t want you of the gospel wasn’t the dispute between disciples, but the “rise of to be healed for some reason.”

44 November - December 2018

Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 But she did find abundant lit- “I BEGAN TO REALIZE THAT THE HISTORY erature in the martyr tradition, with its detailed imagery of tor- OF CHRISTIANITY IS THE STORY OF HOW ALL ture and violence. “Martyrdom is where Christianity gets very se- THESE TEXTS CAME INTO BEING.” rious about bodies and sufering and death,” she says. “If you read any history of Christianity, you’ll read about the Age of the Martyrs, porter Ariel Sabar tracked the fragment’s owner to Germany and this period in the early church, during the first two centuries after Florida, and in a copiously detailed report in The Atlantic in 2016, Jesus’s death, where Christians who are willing to die for God to revealed him to be a potential forger named Walter Fritz. The frag- prove the faith are tortured and killed.” In fact, only a few Christians ment was likely a modern fake. died this way, King adds, but because their executions happened All of this was deeply painful to King—though, her friend Berna- in very public arenas, their stories exerted disproportionate influ- dette Brooten notes, “she was always open to whatever the scientific ence on the tradition. Heretics were excluded from martyrdom— and scholarly results would be.” But it also raised a new question. witnessing to the truth is the term’s literal meaning—but texts When was it, King wondered, that Christians first claimed that Jesus from Nag Hammadi and elsewhere show that “Christians of various was unmarried? She found that the question had never really been stripes, including supposed heretics,” were executed for their faith. fully researched. “I was sort of shocked. Nobody seemed to know.” The texts also raise a diferent question: whether trauma is nec- Scouring early Christian texts and the work of other historians, she essarily at the center of the Christian story. Is Christianity “a story found a dizzying constellation of depictions: Jesus as both Father of trauma?” King asks. In some texts it isn’t Jesus’s death and res- and Mother, as masculine and feminine, as an “unmanly” man, as a urrection that give meaning to Christianity. “It’s his teaching that husband—to Mary Magdalene, to the Church—and as a eunuch, a is the center. It’s what Jesus taught. The Sermon on the Mount and circumcised Jew, a celibate, as the polygamous (heavenly) spouse of his parables and turning away from this world toward God and many virginal brides. The range of representations was “enormous.” prayer. That this is salvation.” Instead of valorizing death, she continues, those worshippers In her temporary ofce at Williams last fall, a couple of hours asked, “‘Why does God allow this?’” when they were attacked. before her talk, King was flipping through a book of the Nag Ham- “They want to know, ‘What should we do?’ The death of Jesus be- madi translations, looking for the text that is perhaps her favor- comes really important in that period, because it becomes a model ite in the whole collection: “Thunder Perfect Mind,” a beautiful, of death and resurrection”—for some Christians, anyway. “But there bewildering cascade of a poem, with a mysterious female speaker were other Christians who said, ‘No, God doesn’t want this. God whose seemingly contradictory assertions read like a manifesto: never wanted the death and cruelty and sufering involved in this.… I was sent forth from the power You may get arrested and killed brutally, but it’s not the dying that And have come to those who contemplate me saves you, it’s the teaching.’” And am found among those who seek me. King read aloud, her voice full of delight, thick with emotion. It was perhaps King’s openness to the full universe of early Chris- I am the honored and the scorned. tian writing—along with her research interest in gender and sex- I am the whore and the holy uality—that helped entangle her, several years ago, in a forgery I am the wife and the virgin controversy. In 2012, she unveiled a tiny fragment of 1,300-year-old I am the mother and the daughter papyrus, with words in Coptic, which, translated, read, “Jesus said I am the limbs of my mother to them, My wife…” The papyrus had come from an unnamed pri- I am a barren woman who has many children vate collector, who’d reached out to King online. His claims about I’ve had many weddings and have taken no husband… a potential scrap of early Christian writing “didn’t seem as odd There’s a wildness about the poem that’s reminiscent of some- to me as it might to somebody who hadn’t been working on” pre- thing author Sarah Sentilles, M.Div. ’01, Th.D. ’08, a former student, viously unknown texts, she says. Nevertheless, she was initially says about King’s work. “Karen understands that God is bigger skeptical, waiting more than a year before responding. But when than anything human beings can say about God,” she says. “So the papyrus experts judged that the writing was most likely ancient, more people say, the better. It’s the opposite of threatening—it’s King took the fragment public; in an announcement at the Vatican, liberative. And it’s, I think, profoundly ethical.” she called it the Gospel of Jesus’s Wife. If it proved to be dated to King skipped to the poem’s final lines: the early centuries, she said at the time, it would ofer evidence, There they will find me not that Jesus was actually married—“that’s not how it works” she And they will live and not die again. says—but that some early Christians believed he was. This, King says, is part of what is valuable about so-called hereti- The backlash, both from academics and the general public, was cal texts—their mystery, their strangeness, their refusal to make passionate and intense, as was the media frenzy. The 2003 novel the story simpler. And their closeness to the beginning, when the The Da Vinci Code had inflamed a fascination with the idea of a mar- ideas and revelations that would become Christianity were still ried Jesus. But immediately after King’s announcement, scholarly new and contested and electric. doubts emerged—and persisted, despite lab analyses that pegged the papyrus as authentically ancient and turned up no conspicu- Lydialyle Gibson profiled Khalil Muhammad in “Writing Crime into Race,” in ously modern ingredients in the ink. Eventually, investigative re- the July-August issue.

Harvard Magazine 45

Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 VITA Millicent Todd Bingham Brief life of an unlikely Dickinson scholar: 1880-1968 by julie dobrow

he 1959 Radclife Quarterly article begins oddly: it was writ- of nature, of people to country, of antiquity to the present—these ten, explains its author, “by way of expiation for not having diverse elements are insistent wherever one turns.” Tfulfilled expectations in the field for which Harvard scien- The 1920s roared for her. She met and married psychologist Walter tists in the Museum on Oxford Street prepared me.” Late in life, Mil- Van Dyke Bingham, A.M. 1907, a pioneer of intelligence-testing theo- licent Todd Bingham, Ph.D. 1923, felt the need to justify her dramatic ries; landed part-time teaching jobs at Columbia and Sarah Lawrence; professional pivot. Her public rationalization belied private angst. and published frequently. Finally, it seemed, her direction was clear. She was the daughter of highly accomplished—and highly com- But in 1929, her mother needed her. Years earlier, Mabel Todd had plex—parents: astronomer David Peck Todd, who taught at Am- abruptly ceased editing Dickinson’s poetry due to financial and per- herst and became internationally known as an eclipse chaser before sonal disputes, locking away more than 600 unpublished poems for mental illness forced his “retirement” and institutionalization, and 30 years. As the centennial of Dickinson’s birth approached, Todd Mabel Loomis Todd, perhaps best remembered as Emily Dickinson’s felt it time to retrieve the poems, but she also knew, having sufered first editor (or for her afair with Dickinson’s brother). Though her a cerebral hemorrhage, that she could no longer edit them alone. relationship with each parent was difcult in diferent ways, Milli- “It is all wrong, Millicent, everything that has happened. Will you cent was also significantly influenced by their disparate professions. set it right?” she asked her daughter, Bingham would later write in The contrasts between their work unwittingly set up a dynamic her book, Emily Dickinson’s Home. “I said I would try. A simple question that profoundly confused her childhood and preoccupied her life. In and a simple answer. I did not know what I was promising.” But she 1887 her father taught her how to take and record the daily tempera- did know that a switch from geography to Dickinson at 49 would ture. Seventy years later she stated, “I don’t know whether it was likely never yield prominence in either field. With great hesitation because he wanted the temperature, or…to teach me to be methodi- and not a little ambivalence, she consented. cal and systematic.” Whatever his intent, David instilled in his only What she had promised became all-encompassing—especially child a lifelong emphasis on rigor and the importance of studying the after her mother’s death in 1932 left her with the unpublished po- natural world. That same year her mother, diligently deciphering and ems and three other books’ worth of related Dickinson materials to transcribing the poems discovered after Emily Dickinson’s death, also write. Her pledge also launched a decades-long fight with Harvard pressed Millicent into service: “Initiation into the vagaries of Emily’s over the copyright to Dickinson’s poems, and eventually, the division handwriting,” she wrote later, “is one of the earliest rites I can recall.” of Dickinson manuscripts between Harvard and Amherst. Despite “very hit or miss” home-schooling, she attended Vassar, Bingham received mostly solid reviews for her meticulous research graduating in 1902. Then she floundered, teaching French at Vassar and books, and two honorary degrees. Yet the decision to abandon and Wellesley, studying arts in Berlin, and traveling the world with her Harvard training and turn to literary analysis forever haunted her parents tracking eclipses. Torn between science and the humani- her. “Natural science…would teach me to be exact and honest,” she ties, she feared becoming a dilettante. mused in one paper, “Training the Mind,” even though “…the field A 1907 eclipse expedition to Peru eventually proved a turning point. of letters into which as a final focus of efort I am plunged” aligned It would take almost a decade, and the example of Ellen Churchill with her “inclination.” But her “intellectual quest,” she worried, had Semple, later the first female president of the Association of American gone undefined. “Decidedly I am not a professional.” Geographers, but in 1916 she began graduate studies in geography at Unsurprisingly, she titled her Quarterly valedictory “A Moment of Harvard, where an interdisciplinary program included coursework Drama.” But it’s also not surprising that she closed in a way that pro- in geology and anthropology. She left in 1917 to join the war-relief ef- vided both rationalization and accommodation: “During the work of fort in France, working at a hospital and beginning a love afair with a quarter of a century and more I have discovered one supreme fact, a U.S. soldier she tended. But once the war and the romance ended, namely that in renouncing my study of the wonder and mystery of she retreated to Harvard. “I felt that emotion would never be revived. creation, the mystery has not departed. Emily Dickinson remains. The There was nothing but work—hard work—for me,” she wrote of her wonder as revealed in earth and sea and sky is not as remote from 15-hour days in the lab. Peru’s well-remembered rugged geography the life of one woman in a New England village as it might seem.” became the topic of her dissertation—she would be the first woman to earn a Ph.D. in her department—and the subject of her first Julie Dobrow teaches at Tufts and directs the Center for Interdisciplinary Stud- book. “To the charm of limitless nature is added the mystery of great ies. Her dual biography, After Emily: Two Remarkable Women and the peoples destroyed before they were known,” she wrote. “Contrasts Legacy of America’s Greatest Poet (W.W. Norton) appeared in October.

46 November - December 2018 Photographs courtesy of the Todd-Bingham Picture Collection (MS 496E). Manuscripts and Archives, Yale University Library Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 Millicent Todd Bingham looks over her mother’s shoulder in this double portrait from 1931. At right, in a 1918 photograph, she teaches French to U.S. troops in France.

Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 The Cell’s Power Plant Probing mitochondria and oxygen, Vamsi Mootha finds new ways to understand disease. by JONATHAN SHAW

Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 hen vamsi mootha arrived at Harvard for medi- the organelle captures oxygen and combines it with glucose and cal school and found that New England weather was fatty acids to create the complex organic chemical ATP (adenosine like nothing he’d known growing up in Texas, he was triphosphate), the fuel on which life runs. Cells can also produce unhappy. Hoping to raise his spirits, his father’s cousin a quick and easy form of sugar-based energy without the help of invited him to dinner at her apartment in Somerville. It mitochondria, through an anaerobic process called glycolysis, but Wwas a snowy Friday evening, so he grabbed his thin coat and rode a mitochondrion oxidizing the same sugar yields 15 times as much the T there, walking the last mile to her place, his sneakers becom- energy for the cell to use. This energy advantage is generally ac- ing sodden as he trudged through the accumulating snow. cepted as the reason that, between one billion and one and a half When he arrived, she gave him a towel to dry of. Then, as she billion years ago, a single free-living bacterium and a single-celled made dinner, the storm became a blizzard, and the subway shut organism with a nucleus entered into a mutually beneficial rela- down. Mootha learned he would have to spend the night. After sup- tionship in which the bacterium took up residence inside the cell. per, he curled up with a textbook on a makeshift bed on the living No longer free-living, that bacterium evolved to become what is room floor, and began to read—100 pages, and more the next day. now the mitochondrion, an intracellular organelle. “I ended up devouring that book.” Recent discoveries in the Moo- The subject was mitochondria, tha lab have suggested an alternative the tiny energy-producing organ- explanation for this unusual part- elles inside cells. Earlier that week, nership that focuses on the organ- he’d read about them in his pathol- elle’s ability to detoxify oxygen by ogy class, for which the definitive consuming it. But whatever the un- textbook included just a single, derlying reason, this ancient, ex- brief reference suggesting that traordinary connection formed just mutations in mitochondria might once, Mootha says—and the evo- lead to a human muscle disease. lutionary success it conferred was “And for some strange reason, from so great that the single cell multi- that point onward, I just felt that plied and became the ancestor of all this was my calling. Mitochondria plants, animals, and fungi. were all I wanted to work on.” Nobody knows what that first A quarter-century later, Moo- cell looked like, but the bacterium tha, a former MacArthur Fellow, that hitched a ride inside it was a Howard Hughes Medical Insti- probably a relative of the “bugs” tute Investigator, and a professor of that cause Lyme disease, typhus, medicine and of systems biology at and chlamydia. In fact, mitochon- Harvard Medical School (HMS), dria are similar enough to these runs a lab in the department of mo- bacteria that when physicians lecular biology at Massachusetts target such intracellular infec- General Hospital dedicated “un- tions with specialized antibiotics, apologetically” to the study of this mitochondria are impaired, too. organelle. Even in an era of special- (These antibiotics, including the ization, such singular focus might tetracyclines, are not dangerous

seem extreme, but mitochondria KEITHR.PORTER/SCIENCE© SOURCE for healthy people, Mootha says, are one of the most complex biological machines A mitochondrion within a but should be avoided by anyone with a mito- within cells—and arguably the most interesting. pancreas cell. Mitochondria have chondrial disease.) enclosing outer membranes, and When functioning properly, they generate the fuel inner membranes with deep folds, that cells burn. Mitochondrial dysfunction, on the called cristae, which extend far Feeling the Heat other hand, is implicated in neurodegenerative dis- into the mitochondrial matrix. The first documented case of mitochondrial orders, diabetes, cancer, altered immune response, Chemical reactions that power disease involved a 30-year-old Swedish woman cells occur on the cristae. and even aging. But when asked why he studies Opposite: Vamsi Mootha with an who arrived in May 1958 at the clinic of Rolf Luft, these tiny intracellular machines, the first reason image from his lab showing a physician at the Karolinska Institute near Stock- Mootha gives is aesthetic. “They’re beautiful,” he thread-like mitochondria (green) holm, complaining that she constantly felt hot. says, thumbing through a volume of scanning elec- moving within a cell. The condition had begun when she was about tron micrographs of the organelle. A few of these seven; she had seen many doctors, but none had black and white images have been artificially tinted, revealing the var- been able to pinpoint the cause. Luft measured elevated internal and ied shapes that mitochondria assume in diferent tissues. Colored red, skin temperature and noted that, although she ate constantly, she blue and green, they’re jewel-like, with squiggles, waves, and zig-zags was thin and could not gain weight. To replace fluid lost through inside—the outlines of the inner membranes, called cristae. sweating, she had to drink large quantities of water. Although she was lethargic, her basal metabolic rate was double what is normal, Mitochondria produce metabolic energy by oxidizing carbo- and her heart was beating 100 times a minute. Luft biopsied her hydrates, protein, and fatty acids. In a five-part respiratory chain, skeletal muscle and discovered that it was abnormally dense with

Portrait and collage by Jim Harrison; image of mitochondria courtesy of Harvard Magazine 49 Vamsi Mootha and the Mootha Laboratory Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 mitochondria of large size and mass, packed with cristae. known as “mitochondrial Eve.” But as genetic understanding of But why was she hot? The process by which mitochondria cre- the organelle improved, researchers realized that many mitochon- ate cellular energy, explains Mootha, releases heat. A famous ex- drial diseases could be inherited from either parent, because most ample from the plant kingdom is skunk cabbage, which carries of the mitochondrial proteins are actually encoded by DNA in the an especially inefcient form of mitochondria that can raise the cell nucleus, rather than by mitochondrial DNA. Furthermore, re- plant’s temperature 30 degrees, melting snow and volatilizing the search has led to a growing realization that mitochondrial dysfunc- compounds it secretes to attract pollinators. tion is connected to a vast number of common diseases—including But there was nothing beneﬁcial about the defect aficting Luft’s diabetes, heart disease, Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s, hearing loss, patient. It had made her mitochondria nearly dysfunctional by chan- and psychiatric disorders, including depression—afecting tens of neling most of their energy to the production of heat. Doctors could millions of patients in the United States alone. ofer her nothing but ice to keep her cool, and she eventually took her own life. “The Coolest Machine of All” Researchers realized, however, that the ability to generate a mod- Mootha has played a key role in this broadened understand- erate amount of heat could in some cases be advantageous. The ing of mitochondria’s importance—and in the realization that the thinking among scientists who study mitochondria, says Mootha, organelle’s role in energy production may be a red herring. “is that there are very strong gene-environment interactions, so Trained at Stanford in mathematics and computer science, he that certain types of mitochondrial studied mitochondrial biology for variants may have been selected for his thesis in the Harvard-MIT Health in certain types of environments.” One Sciences and Technology program theory holds that “perhaps inefcient (which integrates science, engineer- genotypes may have been selected for ing, and medicine to solve problems in cold climates,” he notes, but rigor- in human health). Because there was ous evidence to support this claim is “no lab at Harvard squarely focused” lacking right now. In a 2005 study us- on the subject at the time, much of his ing lab animals, however, researchers graduate research took place at the showed that variations in mitochon- National Institutes of Health in Mary- dria (conferring long-distance run- land. He received his M.D. from HMS ning capability in one evolved pop- in 1998. During his subsequent clini- ulation, and diabetes, obesity, and cal training at Brigham and Women’s other metabolic ailments at the other Hospital (completed in 2001), his elec- extreme) can become ﬁxed in as lit- tives focused on patients with rare mi- tle as 11 generations, or 275 years in tochondrial diseases. human terms, the blink of an eye on Even then, Mootha knew that an evolutionary timescale. Although genes from mitochondrial DNA the Luft case predated the genom- (mtDNA) alone could not account ics era, researchers now understand for the full range of mitochondrial that genetic mutations underlie mi- diseases. Genes, he explains, encode tochondrial diseases, which afect the instructions for building proteins, about 50,000 patients in the United which are the principal functional ac- States. As a class, these orphan dis- tors within cells—they get jobs done. eases (pathologies too rare to attract The sequencing of the mitochondrial

market-driven pharmaceutical cures) ANGELINA© LAX/SCIENCE PHOTOLIBRARY genome in 1981 (two decades before are horrible for patients and vexing for physicians, be- Mitochondria that of the human genome) had revealed that its mtDNA cause nobody knows how they work. “They’re super in skunk cabbages codes for just 13 proteins, nowhere near enough to ex- generate enough complex,” says Mootha, “because you can have two pa- heat to melt snow. plain the bulk of mitochondrial diseases. And that cre- tients whose molecular defect is in the same part of the ated a new mystery. Mitochondria, researchers knew, mitochondria,” yet one will be blind and deaf, and have produce more than 1,000 proteins. Where was the DNA neurodegeneration, disease of the heart muscle, and difculty swal- that encodes the bulk of those proteins? lowing, while “the other may only have blindness, and every other The answer lies in evolutionary history. After mitochondria took organ system is ﬁne.” This, he adds, “is one of the greatest myster- up residence in cells more than a billion years ago—in what was ies, because all of our body’s tissues have mitochondria. They’re probably a long, drawn-out process—many genes were transferred making energy in all of our body’s cells, but for some reason when from the mitochondria into the genome of the host—in other words, you have defects in the mitochondrial proteome [the organelle’s into the nucleus of the cell, where most DNA resides. The result full complement of proteins], sometimes many organ systems are of this gene transfer is that the mitochondrial genome, with just impacted and then sometimes only one.” 16,000 base pairs (the building blocks of DNA), has been stripped Initially these diseases were called “maternally inherited syn- down to bare essentials. Compared to its ancestral form and also to dromes” because mitochondrial DNA is inherited exclusively from living relatives, such as the Rickettsia bacterium that causes typhus, mothers, all the way back to a common female human ancestor which has more than a million base pairs, its genome is now tiny.

50 November - December 2018

Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 Mitochondrial DNA is inherited exclusively from mothers, all the way back to a common female human ancestor known as “mitochondrial Eve.”

In 2001, Mootha began his post-M.D. fellowship at the Whitehead used it to pinpoint more than a dozen genes linked to metabolic Institute with Eric Lander, one of the leaders of the international diseases, holding out the hope that these might be cured using gene project to sequence the human genome, ofcially completed in 2003. therapy.* And he saw a pattern emerge that made him question With a full sequence of the genes found in human-cell nuclei in hand, whether the organelle’s role as a power plant could have blinded researchers anticipated being able, finally, to identify those genes science to its other natural talent: devouring oxygen. that make the bulk of the proteins in mitochondria. Now incorporated in each cell’s nuclear DNA, those ancient genes Toxic Oxygen? produce about two-thirds of all mitochondrial proteins. The other Mootha began to wonder if energy production might not be third, says Mootha, are the result the key to understanding the of “innovations” that evolved af- basis of mitochondrial disease. ter the initial union of bacterium “When we look at these disor- and cell, and that now enable hu- ders, they’re not easily explained man mitochondria to “do things on the basis of energy require- that no bacteria can do.” ments.” The organ systems most Mootha has played a defining afected “are not necessarily the role in identifying all the mito- ones that have the highest energy chondrial proteins, both ancient demands.” An outpouring of re- and evolved, using a multidis- search began to hint at the ver- ciplinary approach that com- satile, indispensable role that mi- bines computational biology tochondria play in the regulation with biochemistry and the ge- of cell death, the immune system, netics of disease. “When I was and cell signaling. The tradition- completing my postdoc and in- al focus on energy production, in terviewing for faculty positions, other words, may have misled re- I knew that my work wouldn’t searchers—all the way back to fit neatly into any traditional their interpretation of what hap- department,” he recalls. For- pened more than a billion years tunately, Marc Kirschner, now ago, when that single cell and a Enders University Professor of lone bacterium entered into a systems biology, had just found- long-term relationship. ed a new HMS systems-biology Oxygen levels on early Earth department (see “From Physi- were low at that time, but ris- ology to Systems Biology,” page ing, Mootha says. “We think of 52). Mootha was the first faculty oxygen as a life-giving molecule, member hired. “My goal was to and it is, but it can also be very achieve a holistic understanding corrosive”—think of how it rusts of mitochondria…” by combining a car. In biology, oxygen and its

“the new tools of genomics with PROFESSORSMOTTA,NAGURO/SCIENCEMAKABE© S. P.M. T. & SOURCE byproducts are known to cause classical biochemistry,” he says. Systems biology, he Cells actively secreting cellular damage, and are implicated in aging. explains, aims to “simultaneously understand how hormones, like the Mitochondria, on the other hand, are consumers of interior of this one, from the machines of life evolve, develop, function, and an ovary, are dense with oxygen. Maybe, according to a hypothesis favored by fail. These are not independent goals—they must be mitochondria (outlined the Mootha lab, the selective advantage that accrued tackled in parallel to be successful,” with a focus, in in yellow). to the ﬁrst cell to host a mitochondrion was not only his case, “on the coolest machine of all.” more energy, but better control of the toxic efects of One of the many fundamental contributions of his lab has been oxygen. Normal gene expression supports this idea: “Our genes that to map all 1,158 of the mammalian mitochondrial genes that encode turn on mitochondria,” says Mootha, “are really, really smart.” When proteins. This proteome inventory (the entire set of expressed pro- turning on mitochondria, “the genes also turn on antioxidant proteins in a organelle, cell, tissue, or organism), called the MitoCarta, grams.” And they calibrate antioxidant levels to the quantity of mi- was ﬁrst published in 2008 and updated in 2015; it is free, readily tochondria that have been activated. “If you’re going to build a car available, and widely used by researchers worldwide. Mootha has *The potential for gene therapy would at this time apply only to mutations in used it to identify a major means by which mitochondria and their nuclear genes, Mootha notes; scientists don’t yet know how to perform gene host cells communicate: via calcium signaling. His team has also therapy in mitochondrial DNA.

Harvard Magazine 51

Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 that’s not an inline six but a V8 engine,” he points out, “you’re also tive responses to stress already known to be mediated through the going to need a bigger catalytic converter.” mitochondria, evolved during a billion-year history. In this long Interestingly, a 2009 study showed that the widespread practice view, any mutations that did not kill an individual cell (or the larger of antioxidant vitamin supplementation can actually interfere with organism) might have opened the way for subsequent mutations this natural response. For the experiment, researchers divided hu- that would bypass—or “rescue”—the damaged link in the chain of man subjects into four groups: exercisers who took antioxidant chemical reactions mitochondria use to make energy. In some cases, vitamins; exercisers who did not; non-exercisers who took anti- in other words, the evolved response of the organelle and host cell oxidant vitamins; and non-exercisers who did not. Both groups of to the overloaded or damaged pathway can actually provide a net exercisers were healthier after a few months. But surprisingly, those benefit to both the cell and the entire organism. who exercised without the antioxidant vitamins did best, probably, An interesting example of this overcompensation, Mootha says, Mootha speculates, “because the rest of the cell, when it senses occurs when diabetes patients are given Metformin, which interferes some of these sparks, adapts in a way that is beneficial to the or- with normal mitochondrial function. The drug “has only one known ganism”—and does so better than with vitamins, which appeared target,” he explains: the first stage in the five-step process by which to interfere with the health-promoting stress of physical exercise. mitochondria produce energy. When that initial step is severely im- This result didn’t surprise him, because of the numerous adap- paired, as in cases of mitochondrial disease, the results are devastat- ing. But the weak inhibition caused by Metformin triggers an adaptive response that actually helps dia- From Physiology betes patients. “It’s a little bit like Mithridates, the to Systems Biology Persian king who was afraid of getting poisoned, so he had his pharmacist mix all the poisons avail- Systems biology shares with physiology, a much older discipline, the desire able and then took sublethal doses,” Mootha points to study how whole biological systems work and are integrated. In the 1930s, out—and perhaps not all that diferent from a vacci- Harvard Medical School (HMS) professor of physiology Walter Cannon coined nation. Metformin induces “a state called hormesis, the term “homeostasis” to describe how the brain and various parts of the body a protective response that’s net protective.” The ef- talk to each other to maintain a stable internal equilibrium. “The limitation of fect is so promising that researchers recently began that approach in the modern age,” explains Marc Kirschner, “is that most of the testing Metformin in human clinical trials to see action is taking place at the molecular level.” whether hormesis can slow aging. The mechanism Kirschner, who founded the HMS department of systems biology in 2003 and has been worked out at the genetic level in worms, chaired it until this spring, explains that, “whether in genetics, where mutated but in higher organisms, he continues, “we actually genes are expressed as proteins, or in pharmacology, where drugs (small mol- don’t know what that program is right now. The ecules) interact with those proteins, the key interactions are at the microscale. mitochondrion is this beautiful organelle, but there Geneticists, cell biologists, and biochemists all work at this scale, but systems are all these homeostatic and feedback loops with- biology” is diferent because, like physiology, the field “aims to understand the in it” which are in turn “wired within the broader dynamic interactions among components at that molecular level.” organism,” which has its own loops and feedback Kirschner hired Mootha as the first faculty member for the new department in mechanisms. 2004. “What made Vamsi attractive,” he says, is that his field of study, metabolism, With his computational background, Mootha “is an integrated problem. It is not just figuring out what the pathways are, but has the tools and training to tease out the nature how metabolism works to meet the constantly changing needs of the organism.” of this complexity, and use powerful, scaled ap- Mootha also brought an interdisciplinary approach to his focus on mitochondria, proaches to develop new therapies. Inspired by these machine-like systems that “influence, and are in turn influenced by, virtu- the example of Metformin, he and colleagues initially every other part of the cell.” ated a genome-wide screen in 2014, with support Kirschner recalls that Mootha first used his background in mathematics to from the Marriott Foundation. Searching for fac- tease out the fingerprints of genetic changes that were important in diabetes. tors that, when disrupted, allow cells to cope with At the time, other researchers were finding genetic associations to diabetes that broken mitochondria, they got a hit. Their screen were not statistically reliable, he continues. Mootha “very cleverly grouped the suggested that low levels of atmospheric oxygen changes in terms of systems. That increased their statistical significance, because could trigger a response that protects against he was looking at lots of associations, not just one thing at a time.” Mootha thus Leigh syndrome, an inherited disease of the cen- demonstrated the important role of mitochondria and oxidative metabolism in tral nervous system—caused by mutations in any diabetes, and that “had a big impact,” Kirschner adds. Again and again, Mootha one of 75 diferent genes—that in children ends has used a blended approach to systems biology, combining the tools of genomics in death between the ages of three and 16 months, (he maintains an afliation with the Broad Institute, where he co-directs the Me- frequently as a result of respiratory failure. tabolism Program) with direct measurements of variables such as oxygen uptake When the researchers tested the idea in mouse or calcium flux—the microphysiology that characterizes a greater proportion of models of mitochondrial disease, the results were the systems biology research taking place at HMS. Says Kirschner, “Vamsi is an astounding. While a normal mouse lives about absolute master at matching the approach to the system, and his work developing two years, their diseased mice typically survived hypoxia as a treatment for mitochondrial disease is a beautiful example of using for just 55 days. But when the team lowered the genomic tools to get at a physiological problem, with direct medical application.” oxygen concentration to 11 percent, a level typically found at altitudes of around 14,000 feet, they

52 November - December 2018

Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 “The quantity of mitochondria declines as a function of age,” which may increase people’s vulnerability to diseases such as Parkinson’s and diabetes. found that they could prevent the onset of the disease. The mice in older persons: their reduced numbers of mitochondria are less raised in those hypoxic conditions lived a full year. Even diseased efcient than a young person’s. But exercise, at any age, can boost mice on the brink of death could be revived by restricting oxygen. mitochondrial counts. “And when your skeletal muscle increases (They called that “the Lazarus efect.”). Extra oxygen, on the other the number of mitochondria,” Mootha adds, “it actually eliminates hand, functioned like a poison, killing the mice within a few days. some of the bad ones,” increasing overall efciency, too. In fact, he Low-oxygen environments appear to confer beneﬁts on humans, says, “many of the beneﬁcial efects of exercise and healthy diets too. In 1975, Mootha points out, the Indian army reported distinct are likely being mediated through the mitochondria.” health efects on troops serving at 12,000 to 18,000 feet, along the Indo- The larger context for Mootha’s career-long focus on a single or- china border, as compared to those serving on the plains. In the short ganelle is his aspiration to develop a foundation for precise mitochon- term, deaths from acute infections were much higher among the men drial medicine. “There are three ingredients,” he says. “First, from a posted at altitude, but over many single tube of blood, we want to years, “The incidence of new cases establish a molecular diagnosis,” of diabetes, stroke, heart disease, using genetics. “Second, from that and cognitive defects were dramat- same vial, by analyzing the prod- ically reduced” compared to those ucts of metabolism circulating in who’d served at lower elevations. the blood (see “Fathoming Metab- (Mootha adds the caveat that these olism,” May-June 2011, page 27), we results were purely observational, want to be able to gauge the sever- and that temperature, diet, and ity of mitochondrial dysfunction. activity levels difered, too.) Epi- I’d love to be able to draw your demiological studies often rank blood and say, ‘I think you can do Colorado, with a mean elevation better, why don’t you exercise a bit of 6,800 feet, as the healthiest U.S. more, why don’t you work on your state. diet,’ or even, when administering The human data, combined with an experimental therapy targeting the rigorous mouse studies, he ex- your mitochondria, I’d like to be plains, suggest that “too much oxy- able to know whether it is work- gen can actually be a bad thing.” ing.” Third, he wants to develop Their mouse observations were therapies, not only for rare, fatal soon buttressed by further anec- mitochondrial disorders caused dotes involving humans. After the by spontaneous or inherited mu-

team published the paper in 2016, THOMAS© DEERINCK, NCMIR/SCIENCE SOURCE tations, but for the range of com- he received calls from doctors in California and elsewhere Elongated mitochondria mon diseases in which mitochondrial dysfunction has who had been treating their patients with mitochon- (brown) are packed recently been implicated. Identifying drugs that limit tightly in a kidney cell. drial disease in hyperbaric chambers, giving them ex- uptake or delivery of oxygen is an obvious next step. tra oxygen in an attempt to alleviate their symptoms. “Two young He believes that “we’re just now scratching the surface of a very patients became comatose after this treatment, and never woke up,” deep relationship between mitochondria and oxygen that has evo- he relates. Two others, who were legally blind in one eye but not the lutionary origins.” If the logic of that relationship from a systems other, became blind in both eyes after hyperbaric oxygen exposure. perspective can be understood, “then perhaps we can exploit it for Could it be, he asks, that “because the mitochondria aren’t consum- therapeutic purposes”—either as a gas or a pill. “Hypoxia medicine,” ing oxygen properly, there’s an excess that is corrosive to the rest of he says, “may be our first foray” into therapeutics. the cell?” This idea from Mootha’s lab may have broad application to Having explained his research plan, Mootha rises to go. It is Pa- health, particularly in diseases associated with aging, which is itself triots Day, April 16, in New England, and the weather is unseason- linked to mitochondrial decline. ably cold, intensified by wind and driving rain. Mootha is heading In humans, a typical cell might contain a few dozen mitochondria, out to the finish line of the Boston Marathon to cheer the father joined together in a mass and working as one network. Liver and of a young girl with Leigh’s syndrome, running to support his lab. muscle cells, with their key roles in producing, storing, and using He is in high spirits, dressed head to toe in sensible raingear, seem- energy, can contain thousands of them. Regardless of the baseline, ingly unperturbed by the prospect of standing in the cold to wait. “The quantity of mitochondria declines as a function of age,” Moo- In the quarter-century since he first came to Boston, he has clearly tha explains, which may increase people’s vulnerability to condi- adapted. Perhaps his mitochondria have, too. tions ranging from Parkinson’s disease (in which mitochondrial dysfunction is causal) to diabetes. Furthermore, there is a double insult Jonathan Shaw ’89 is managing editor of this magazine.

Harvard Magazine 53

Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 The Juggler’s Tale A Dumbarton Oaks exhibition connects “an enchanted past” to the human condition.

by SOPHIA NGUYEN

Oaks director Jan Ziolkowski. Those donors, Robert Woods Bliss, A.B. 1900, and Mildred Barnes Bliss, were a well-to-do Washington couple. With piles of inherited wealth but no children, they poured themselves into their home and its contents: “Their baby was very much Dumbarton Oaks.” But within a few years of taking residence, in 1933, the Blisses were drawing up plans to give the property to Harvard. Their rom the outside and decision to found the museum during their lifetimes, and not the outset, the Dumbarton after, made them more aggressively acquisitive. They expanded Oaks Research Library and Collection is an oddity. their collection of artifacts and bought books for an accompanying The building, nestled in a leafy corner of Georgetown, scholarly library (including texts on garden history, to complement in Washington, D.C., runs the architectural gamut, the landscape then being designed by Beatrix Farrand). The Dumbar- Ffrom its Renaissance-style “Music Room,” swollen with Italian mar- ton Oaks Research Library and Collection was inaugurated in 1940. ble and hung with tapestries, to the curved glass walls of the Philip In this context, the museum’s next big exhibit, “Juggling the Johnson Pavilion (both add-ons to the original Federal structure). Middle Ages” (October 16 through February 28, 2019) is doubly Then there are the grounds: a series of terraced gardens where Eng- odd, since it celebrates European medievalism. “It’s a little bit of- lish meets Italian style, with (among other features) a swimming center,” Ziolkowski allows. He is also Porter professor of medieval pool, a garden where Mexican pebbles are arranged in the shape Latin, and the show springs from his research interests, which lie of a sheaf of wheat, a brick amphitheater, and an orangery. Most of catty-corner to Dumbarton Oaks’s triad. all, Dumbarton Oaks is thematically jumbled, specializing in Byz- “It’s important to me that people know that I’m not undoing our antine art, pre-Columbian art, and garden and landscape studies. devotion to those areas,” he says. (The Blisses themselves felt that pres- As institutions go, it’s neither ﬁsh nor fowl: not In the exhibit (from top left) are: sure: when they had their eye on a reliquary from quite art gallery, not quite anthropology museum. Maurice Lalau image for The the abbey of Melk, their art adviser scolded them in It’s a Harvard academic hub that is, and feels, far Juggler of Notre Dame, by Anatole a letter: “I’m apalled [sic]…you’ll be in grave danger from Cambridge. France (1924); Hispanic devotion- of scattering.”) “But,” Ziolkowski continues, “devo- al doll (c. 1850-1900); holiday “It’s donor-driven American philanthropy that cards (late nineteenth century); tion to arcane ﬁelds means we have to redouble our accounts for the weirdness,” explains Dumbarton a cathedral-style radio… eforts to explain to people why it matters.”

54 November - December 2018 All images courtesy of Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection; portrait of Jan Ziolkowski by T.J. Kirkpatrick Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 “juggling the middle ages” traces the evolution of a once-popu- found himself diferently depressed. He felt inadequate, thinking lar story that fell into obscurity. It tells of a professional jongleur who he had nothing to ofer amid a brotherhood of people who could The decides to enter a monastery as a lay brother. There, he devises his sing and read and speak Latin. Yet, eventually, he found his own own form of prayer. He strips down to his underclothes and does way to communicate his love of God. acrobatics in front of a statue of the Madonna until, exhausted, he The tale and its afterlife became a modest obsession. As he re- Juggler’s collapses. His fellow monks call it blasphemy; the abbot investi- searched its diferent permutations, and his study got longer and gates. Then the Virgin herself comes to life to comfort the tumbler. longer, he realized, “This is becoming bizarre.” Still—despite how Overcome by the swift change from anxiety to relief, he expires, “People around me have thought that I needed an intervention”—he Tale and Mary’s angels accompany his soul to heaven. pushed on. For Ziolkowski, the story’s quirks were an occasion to Ziolkowski ﬁrst encountered the story while working on an es- meditate on deep, fundamental themes. “It looked as if it would pro- say about nonverbal rhetoric. He’d been investigating literary refer- mote monastic life and yet the holiest person in it was not a monk,” ences to monks using sign language to communicate on days when he says. “It brought up a lot of issues of, what is prayer? What kind of they’d vowed to be silent. gift can we give to the divine or to each other? What’s the role of art in “I looked at the whole piece and I found it just electrifying,” he society? What’s the role of art within the humanities? These questions says, “because it showed a man who was …more cards, Jan Ziolkowski, grabbed me.” a worldly performer, who left the world and the stained-glass window That on-and-of he commissioned, a collabora- and entered a monastery because he felt tion with Paris-based artist side project, unfold- dissatisﬁed with the frenetic pace of life.” Sarah Navasse and master ing over more than But, Ziolkowski continues, once the en- craftsman Jeremy Bourdois… a decade, has now tertainer got inside the monastery, he

Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 resulted in The Juggler of Notre Dame and the Medievalizing of Modernity, and restorer he knows in France.) Displays explain the tale’s under- published this year by a leading open-access academic press. Its six lying elements, in sections focused more closely on the juggler himself volumes trace the story from its origins as a medieval French poem, and on representations of the Madonna and her various apparitions. “Our Lady’s Tumbler,” told in 342 rhyming couplets, and its redis- From there, “Juggling the Middle Ages” unwinds through the story’s covery in nineteenth-century Paris, feverish with renewed interest retellings over time, including in a three-act opera by Jules Massenet in all things Gothic: from Victor Hugo’s Hunchback of Notre Dame to and a plethora of children’s books in many languages. (The Dumbar- the restoration of churches, monasteries, and monuments destroyed ton Oaks imprint at Harvard University Press is bringing several back during the Revolution. The book then follows the tale’s translation into print: Barbara Cooney’s The Little Juggler, from 1961, and two difer- into English, and its transmission in Britain and the United States, ent illustrated versions of Anatole France’s short story, “Le jongleur influencing Gothic revivalism in those countries. “Look, I’m at the de Notre Dame,” from 1890, which Ziolkowski has newly translated. point in my career where I’ve gotten way, way, way past the publish- They’re also releasing a coloring book.) There are branchings out into or-perish part,” Ziolkowski says of his approach to the project. “I’m related tales, like the story of the little drummer boy who attends the just going to do this the way that seems right to me.” birth of Jesus. Other sections explore the “medieval revival” in the late He also collected images to illustrate the work, starting with pa- nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, when the era’s aesthetics per ephemera depicting the juggler and other Gothic motifs, and were incorporated in architecture and design. then moving on to larger and more unusual objects. Then, he says, The resulting show is sprawling, difuse. Ziolkowski’s search for “I realized that I’d accumulated this array of materials that has never medievalesque curios led him down at least several rabbit holes, been gathered together before, and will never be gathered together and into other communities of aficionados. When he found a couple again, including some really beautiful things.” And he’d learned a lot of antique radios shaped like cathedrals and tried to get them re- by directing Dumbarton Oaks: “I’ve never curated anything, I’m not furbished, he met the radio nerds. When he bought a handmade, an art historian, I’m definitely not a museologist, but I thought, you bilingual edition of “The Juggler of Notre Dame” by Maryline Poole know, let me go ahead and give it a go and try to put on the exhibit.” Adams—bound in green leather, and two inches tall—he found the miniature-book bufs. The exhibition starts in the front lobby, where the juggler will be Maybe it’s a kind of blasphemy to display a pilaster of an acro- presented in an all-new format: stained glass. (Ziolkowski commis- bat—a genuine medieval artifact on loan from the Metropolitan sioned this original art- Museum of Art—next door to a “Holy Toast!” Miracle Bread Stamp work from a fabricator that burns the Virgin Mary’s aspect into your breakfast. But this catholic sensibility is also of a piece …a card by French artist Henri Malteste (1890s); R. O. Blechman images for his version of the tale (1953 with Ziolkowski’s general determina- and later); an acrobat, in limestone (c. 1150-1170)… tion to make Dumbarton Oaks fun, not fusty. “We’ve been building slowly but surely in increasing diferent types of outreach,” he says, citing recent eforts in educational programming. So the galleries will also include a pop-up theater area where visitors can watch R. O. Blechman’s nine-minute animated short about the juggler (based on his children’s book), and an excerpt from a 1950s television program. One retrofitted radio will broadcast a 1952 radio play, The Jug- gler of Our Lady. Dumbarton Oaks will

Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 partner with the District of Colum- bia Public Library to bring the beloved children’s-book author Tomie dePaola in for a reading of his book, originally published in 1978, The Clown of God. Zi- olkowski will lend benches carved to resemble Gothic churches, fitted with new cushions so that parents can sit and read to their children. There will even be a painted wooden display where kids can pose for a photo looking like a juggler. The gravitational center of this eclectic assortment is, es- …and an early twentieth- sentially, Ziolkowski’s superabundant enthusiasm. He’s eager century calligraphic retelling, along with 1917 (lower right) and 1961 to show the public a broader view of the Middle Ages—what versions; plus a nineteenth-century he calls its “transcendent and positive side.” These days, col- Gothic Revival bench, probably leagues in his field are grappling with the ways in which white made in France. supremacists have co-opted various elements of medievalism, wanted to pass down this way of while in the culture at large, he says, “What we get, mainly, are nega- life that they loved,” Ziolkowski tives. We get Game of Thrones, we know about plagues and crusades explains. “They wanted schol- and witch hunts, and many things that are depicted very darkly, but ars to have an Edenic, paradisia- there’s this brighter side.” He wants to put people, kids especially, cal, serene setting for thinking.” in contact with an enchanted past, and with the ideals of beauty For his part, he likes to think of and nobility that inspired him as a boy growing up in Princeton, Dumbarton Oaks as somewhere New Jersey, reading C.S. Lewis and J.R.R. Tolkien. people can put aside “their ob- But he has other aims, too. “Look, honestly, what I would love sessions with a divisive now” would be to have a lot of people come to the exhibit, see difer- and contemplate the past. ent versions, compare them, talk with each other about them, and Dumbarton Oaks does have a just…,” he pauses, “compare notes on something not depressing, not medieval aspect, with its schol- political, and to engage in healthy interpretation about something ars-in-residence poring over its treasures, gathering in the dining hall connected with the human condition. Because I think we need that.” (actually called the Refectory) for lunch, taking a stroll in its walled gardens. Visitors may not find being immersed in the juggler’s tale In a museum-rich city, Dumbarton Oaks is relatively removed from all that strange. It’s a story, after all, about unorthodox devotion, and the fray—“isolated,” as Ziolkowski puts it, in its genteel, red-brick eccentric passions finding sanctuary. residential area of northern Georgetown. Last spring, he and his staf were finalizing plans with exhibition designers. Outside, the shorn Sophia Nguyen, formerly associate editor of Harvard Magazine, is now a grounds were recovering from winter maintenance, and the first cher- staf member of The Washington Post. ry blossoms starting to bud. Overhead, helicopters juddered, going in For more about the history and holdings of Dumbarton Oaks, see “Home of and out of the Naval Observatory (“Mike Pence’s choppers,” someone the Humanities,” by contributing editor Elizabeth Gudrais ’01 (May-June 2008, joked). Suddenly the Blisses’ vision became easily apparent. “They page 48).

Harvard Magazine 57

Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 The Players

This November 17 marks the 135th iteration of The Game—and more vividly, the continuing resonances he captures completely in The Game: Harvard, Yale, fiftieth anniversary of the titanic “Harvard Beats Yale 29-29” edition: a football and America in 1968. contest made indelible, even beyond hardcore fans, not only by the sequence of In the following excerpt from chapter four, “The Melting Pot,” Colt examines plays that led to the outcome, but by the temper of its times. (It is the subject of the team’s demographics: a window into the 1960s transformation of Harvard an eponymous documentary film by Kevin Raferty ’70.) Now, George Howe Colt and other elite schools from bastions of privilege to something somewhat more ’76, author of The Big House and other acclaimed books, digs deep—from his diversified, and more closely attuned to the country at large—controversial own boyhood memories of attending that game, to searching interviews with the changes that were perhaps more advanced among athletes than among under- players—to convey the context, and the breathtaking action, that created the graduates at large. !The Editors

hen ray hornblower showed up for the ﬁrst day “I’m playing on a team with this?” And then they saw the choirboy of Harvard freshman football practice in late summer run. He started out eighth on the depth chart; by the time the sea- 1966, some of his teammates wondered whether he’d son opened, he was ﬁrst. wandered into the wrong place by mistake. The slen- der halfback with blue eyes, blond hair, dimpled cheeks, Ralph hornblower iii was not, as was often assumed by Harvard Wand upper-crust accent—and a funny last name masking-taped to fans, a Proper Bostonian. He grew up in Greenwich, Connecticut, the front of his helmet—looked more like a choirboy than like a and summered at Squibnocket Farm, a 1,500-acre family compound football player. (He had, in fact, been singing in choirs since he was on Martha’s Vineyard. His father worked on Wall Street as a partner seven.) “Who’s this Hornblower guy?” Gus Crim, the 210-pound in Hornblower & Weeks, the brokerage founded by Ray’s great- fullback who had turned down Ohio State to come to Harvard, grandfather in 1888. But on both sides of the family, college had, for muttered to Rick Berne, a six-two, 230-pound defensive tackle. generations, meant Harvard. His parents had taken him to every

58 November - December 2018 Photographs courtesy of Harvard Athletic Communications, unless otherwise noted Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 Two years later, while 11-year-old Ray was starring on his sixth- grade football team, his mother lay in bed, dying of leukemia. One afternoon, he overheard her on the phone, telling a friend how her son was tearing up the Fairfield County private school league. “I How the Crimson squad know he’s going to make it,” he heard her say. “He’s going to be the next Charlie Ravenel.” A few months later, she was dead. from the immortal As a middle-aged man, Hornblower would look back and see that ’68 Game revealed much of what drove him on the football field was a desire to vindi- cate his mother’s faith in him. To that end, he might have been wise a transforming Harvard to prep somewhere other than St. Paul’s, a small boarding school in by george howe colt the woods of southern New Hampshire known more for its prow- ess at squash than for its mastery of football. A St. Paul’s football team wouldn’t begin playing other schools until 1962, a year before Hornblower arrived. Hornblower became a star at St. Paul’s, running with quicksilver elusiveness and throwing the option pass with an accuracy his father attributed to years of family duck-hunting on the Vineyard. But his star didn’t shine far beyond Concord. When his high-school coach phoned John Yovicsin to tell him about his talented senior, the Harvard coach seemed to be under the impres- sion that St. Paul’s was a big Catholic school up near Manchester. At Harvard, Hornblower led the freshman team in scoring. The following summer, he came down with mononucleosis. He spent most of August, when he should have been running wind sprints on the beach, lying on a couch at Squibnocket Farm and gazing at the Atlantic. Hornblower began his first varsity season on the bench, but in the third game, when the reserves were sent in during a rout of Columbia, he took a pitchout and sped 40 yards for a touchdown. Two games later, he played so well in the third quarter of a tight contest against Dartmouth that although the outcome was still in doubt, the coaches left him in. “Little Ray Hornblower,” as the Harvard Alumni Bulletin referred to him in its account of the game, had been a starter ever since. For Harvard alums, many of whom came from similarly privileged backgrounds, Hornblower’s emergence was a boon; he was one of their own. Whenever he ripped of a long run, a frisson of self-sat- isfaction rippled through the choice seats between the forties, like a gust of wind rippling the surface of the Charles. Hornblower wasn’t the only dyed-in-the-wool New England preppie on the 1968 team— Happy campers: For Harvard-Yale game since he was six, and Tony Smith ’69, the ridiculously handsome second-team end, had their team photo, a he had thrilled to the exploits of Charlie arrived at Harvard by way of New Canaan and Choate—but Horn- day or two after The Game, the Crimson Ravenel ’61, the undersized quarterback blower was the only starter. Jack Fadden, the Harvard trainer, him- wore practice jerseys, from Charleston, South Carolina, whose self the son of Irish immigrants, called him the Last of the Mohicans. giving them rather a improvisational daring had earned him To his teammates, Hornblower was the kind of self-assured rich raffsh look. the nickname “the Riverboat Gambler.” kid who seemed to have been born and raised in Harvard Yard. Despite his slight frame, it was assumed that young Hornblower Although the WASP world of final clubs and debutante balls was would one day play football for Harvard. His father’s father had losing its hold in the anti-establishment sixties, there remained re- captained the hockey team in 1911; his mother’s father had been doubts to which private schoolers could retreat. Hornblower lived the intercollegiate 440 champion in 1909. But the best athlete in in Eliot House, the “preppie ghetto” whose master, the famously the family may have been his mother. Legend had it that her Beaver patrician classics professor John Finley, handpicked its students Country Day softball team had gotten together at a reunion and and was said to favor applicants from St. Paul’s, Groton, and his beaten a group of Harvard freshmen. Ray would always remem- own alma mater, Exeter. Saturday night after the football game, ber the autumn afternoon when he and his mother were tossing while many of his teammates were guzzling keg beer at the Pi Eta, a football on the back lawn. Ray was nine. His mother, wearing a Hornblower could be found nursing a bottle of Budweiser at the fur coat, had waved the ball and called out, “Okay, Ray, run at me!” Owl, a final club whose alumni included Harry Elkins Widener ’07. And Ray had run at her, as fast as he could, driving his head into Yet the princely Hornblower wasn’t a “snot,” as stuck-up preppies her stomach and knocking her back a yard or two. “My God, you were called. He had a disarmingly bluf manner and something of an really hit!” she exclaimed, beaming. From that moment on, Ray was egalitarian streak, sponsoring Crim, Berne, and several other public- determined to run the football with total abandon. school teammates for Owl Club membership. The teasing to which

From THE GAME: Harvard, Yale, and America in 1968, by George Howe Colt. Harvard Magazine 59 Copyright © 2018 by George Howe Colt. Reprinted by permission of Scribner, a Division of Simon & Schuster, Inc. Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 his fellow players subjected him was good-natured. When Fritz also a former varsity football player at Cornell who, at a time when Reed ’70 caught sight of Hornblower in the locker room, fastening sports psychology consisted largely of coaches calling their players garters to his black dress socks on his way to an Owl Club formal pussies in an attempt to goad them to greater heights of aggression, dinner, the ofensive tackle razzed the halfback unmercifully. Know- was interested in how psychology could be used to maximize ath- ing that Hornblower’s girlfriend was the great-granddaughter of letic performance. He started working with Hornblower on what, Teddy Roosevelt, the players asked, “Hey, aren’t you dating Margot years later, would be called visualization techniques. He encouraged Rockefeller?” Hornblower would shake his head in exasperation Hornblower to set specific goals. Hornblower decided that his goal and respond, “Her name is Roosevelt, for God’s sake!” Hornblower’s in 1968 was to run for 100 yards each game. play made him immune to any real barbs. That was one of the reasons he liked football. It was the same reason why generations of Even harvard’s most devoted fans assumed that the team’s players from less privileged backgrounds had liked it: on the field three-game unbeaten streak would come to a halt against Cornell your background didn’t matter. The only thing that mattered was on October 19. Cornell had 27 lettermen coming back from a team whether you could turn the corner on a defensive end. that had finished third in the league. Their defense boasted nine Hornblower’s breezy self-assurance wasn’t quite as breezy as returning starters, including the league’s largest player, a six-foot- it seemed. If some of his public-school teammates felt out of their five, 250-pound tackle who had been an honorable-mention All- element in classrooms dominated by jaded preppies from St. Paul’s American the previous year. and Groton, Hornblower felt out of his element on the football field Under a steady rain in front of 16,990 hardy fans, Harvard’s de- among the gritty players from local powerhouses like Everett and fense held Cornell to eight first downs and didn’t allow them inside Malden Catholic. He was aware that prep-school athletes, who the twenty. Although the footing was sloppy, senior quarterback tended to play the glamour positions like halfback and quarter- George Lalich threw for 102 yards, while his classmate, halfback Vic back, were assumed to be soft and had a reputation for quitting Gatto, ran for 76, in the process breaking Harvard’s career rushing when they realized they weren’t going to be first or second string. mark, set in 1953. It would be Hornblower, however, who propelled Hornblower was determined to subvert the stereotype. On warm- the ofense in the team’s 10–0 victory, running 26 times for 138 yards, up laps around the field, when most players ran just fast enough earning honors as Ivy League Back of the Week. not to get yelled at by the coaches, Hornblower would race out in front, straining to be first. He knew that his teammates were prob- For much of the first half of the twentieth century, Harvard was ably cursing him under their breath, muttering, “What an asshole,” composed largely of students like Hornblower: New England prep but he had to be first, every practice, every day. schoolers who had grown up assuming that admission to the col-

FRANKO’BRIEN/THE BOSTON GLOBE VIA GETTY IMAGES Hornblower had a secret weapon. Sophomore year, Margot Roo- lege was their birthright. Abbott Lawrence Lowell, scion of one of sevelt ’71 introduced him to a Boston’s oldest, wealthiest, and most socially prominent families, psychiatrist she’d met at the and Harvard’s president from 1909 to 1933, had done his best to Harvard Christian Fellowship. keep it that way. To the consternation of Lowell and many alumni, Dr. Armand Nicholi, a Harvard Harvard’s demographic complexion began to change under his suc- Medical School faculty member, cessor, James Bryant Conant. A brilliant chemist who had grown was a specialist in Freud. He was up in middle-class Dorchester, Conant was troubled by Harvard’s Celebrating it all are quarter- social and economic exclusivity and encouraged a more meritocratic back Frank Champi (far left) admissions policy that would make it a truly national institution. and halfback Richard “Pete” “We should be able to say that any man with remarkable talents Varney (left), who caught Champi’s tying two-point may obtain his education at Harvard whether he be rich or pen- conversion pass. (Below) niless, whether he come from Boston or San Francisco,” he wrote Harvard coach John Yovicsin in his first annual report. Slowly, Harvard’s student body became, and halfback Ray Hornblower III. A tackle on the frst play of relatively speaking, more socially, ethnically, and geographically the fourth quarter forced diverse. In 1953, for the first time, there were more public schoolers Hornblower from the Game. than private in the entering freshman class—a milestone not quite so egalitarian as it seemed, given that only 2 percent of American high-school graduates attended private schools. The demographics of the College, were, in fact, coming closer to those of its football team. An oft-told joke had it that to play for Harvard you had to have been born on Beacon Hill or belong to the Porcellian, the oldest and most prestigious of Harvard’s final clubs—unless you were one of the South Boston Irishmen recruited to block for them. In fact, the football team had long been a pocket of ethnic and socioeconomic variety. As far back as the turn of the century, when 80 percent of Harvard students were private-school graduates, a story in the Crimson complained that immigrant sons from public schools were pushing prep schoolers of the squad. On the 1968 roster, 28 of 88 players had attended private school, but the number was misleading; of those, 12 were PGs: players who,

Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 The football team had long been a pocket of ethnic and socioeconomic variety. More than a third of the team were “local boys”—many the sons or grandsons of immigrants. after graduating from Boston-area public schools, were encouraged to undergo a year of postgraduate polishing, on scholarship, to prepare them for the academic and social demands of Harvard. Indeed, six players on the team had PG’d at Exeter, which over the years had come to serve as a kind of de facto farm team for Harvard football—and, at the same time, a way station at which future Har- vard players could boost their test scores to an acceptable level. More than a third of the players on the 1968 team had been culled Italian-American captain Vic from Boston-area public and parochial schools—“local boys,” as the Gatto (top) and left guard Tommy Lee Jones, an sportswriters called them, many of them the sons or grandsons of eighth-generation Texan, immigrants who had arrived in the great tide that had transformed refected some of the VIA GETTY IMAGES the city at the turn of the century. A critical mass of seniors, includ- diversity of the team. ing the captain, Gatto, were Italian-American, and calls of cinque or otto could occasionally be heard in the locker room as they played The most unusual résumé morra, an ancient Italian game, not unlike rock-paper-scissors, in on the team may have be- GLOBE BOSTON THE

which contestants threw out a hand, showing zero to five fingers, RAPHAEL DICK longed to Tommy Lee Jones and guessed what the sum of all the fingers would be. More than a ’69. The son of a cowboy turned oil rigger, Jones was an eighth-gen- few players were Irish-American, including cornerback Neil Hurley eration Texan whose life had revolved around hunting, fishing, and FRANKO’BRIEN/ ’70, whose parents had emigrated from Galway and County Cork as football until the afternoon during his junior year in high school when teenagers and bequeathed their son the faint brogue that overlay his he wandered into a room where a group of students was rehearsing Boston accent. Among the seniors, Ted Skowronski’s grandparents for a production of Mr. Roberts. Jones was spellbound. He auditioned were from Poland, George Lalich’s from Serbia, and John Ignacio’s for the school’s next show, Dylan Thomas’s Under Milk Wood, and was father, a geographic outlier, had been a farmer on Guam. (Harvard’s cast in a small part. Since arriving at Harvard, the “talented thespi- 1968 press book contained a “Pronunciation Guide”—unnecessary an,” as the press book called him, had performed in plays by Pinter, in the days of Hamilton Fish and Endicott “Chub” Peabody—that Euripides, and Brecht; the previous spring he had won raves in the provided broadcasters with phonetic spellings: “ska-RON-ski,” “ig- title role of a multimedia adaptation of Coriolanus, for which he had NAH-she-o,” and so on.) While the locker room chatter was still dragooned several linebacker teammates into appearing onstage as dominated by Boston-ese, Yovicsin’s alumni recruiters were bring- appropriately muscular centurions. Being both a jock and a “Loeb- ing in an increasing number of “horses”—as football players were ie” (Harvard actors spent much of their time at the college’s Loeb referred to in admissions parlance—from farther afield: safety Tom Drama Center) took some juggling. After practice, while his team- Wynne ’69 was from Arkansas; defensive tackle Ed Sadler ’70 was mates dawdled in the locker room, Jones sometimes had to rush of from Tennessee; defensive end John Cramer ’70 was a fifth-generation to rehearsal, occasionally in costume. “Are you bolting so you can go Oregonian whose great-great-great-grandmother had crossed the do that to-be-or-not-to-be shit?” Reed would shout. Great Plains by covered wagon in 1864. The team’s annual end-of- Ofstage, Jones was a man of few words, which he measured out preseason New England clambake was the first time Cramer had in a gravelly Texas twang and punctuated with long, enigmatic seen a lobster. He had to ask his Boston teammates for operating pauses. The first week of freshman year, Joe McGrath was unpack- instructions. ing in his room in Mower Hall when he heard a strange, rhythmic The team varied by age (24-year-old Vietnam veteran Pat Conway thumping. He went outside and found a sturdy-looking freshman ’67 [’70] was the oldest, 18-year-old safety Fred Martucci ’71 the in cowboy boots, squatting on his haunches, throwing a hunting youngest); marital status (Lalich, Joe McKinney ’69, and defensive knife into the trunk of a tree. McGrath introduced himself. “I’m back Ken Thomas ’70 were married and lived of campus); tempera- Tommy Lee Jones,” the young man replied, and went right back to ment (there were free spirits like Alex MacLean ’69, teetotaling his throwing. Jones, who kept his radio tuned to the only country Midwesterners like Crim, and hard-partiers like defensive tackle station in Boston, could occasionally be heard croaking scraps of Steve Zebal ’69); and interests (MacLean and Berne had their SDS Hank Williams in a tuneless bass in the locker room. meetings, punter Gary Singleterry ’70 his Christian Science servic- Jones belonged not to Pi Eta, the jock-dominated social club, but es). You never knew what hidden talents a teammate might possess. to the Signet Society, the invitation-only literary club that counted That fall, Joe McGrath ’69 was struggling with a midterm music T.S. Eliot and James Agee among its former members. An English paper in which he had to analyze a Bach fugue. He asked his fel- concentrator, he was writing his honors thesis on the influence of low lineman Fritz Reed, who was also taking the class, for help. Catholicism on the work of Flannery O’Connor. One evening, John Reed took McGrath and the score down to the Adams House music Ignacio found himself sitting next to Jones at dinner at the Varsity room, where he sat at the piano and sight-read the piece flawlessly Club, discussing Look Back in Anger, the play by John Osborne. Igna- before explaining to the astonished McGrath how the fugue was cio soon realized that while he was talking in a basic way about its structured. plot, Jones was dissecting its structure, (please turn to page 94)

Harvard Magazine 61

Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 THE PLAYERS (continued from page 61) there were meetings, films, and scouting reports. Some nights, they were lucky if they got back to their rooms by ten to begin studying. its characterizations, its place in contemporary drama. As he lis- Although most of the players went their separate ways of the field, tened, Ignacio realized that this was what people meant when they many of them belonged to the Pi Eta, which was quartered in a three- said that you’ll learn more at Harvard from the people you have din- story brick building on Boylston Street. On Saturday nights after the ner with than from your professors. game, they gathered with their guests at “The Pi” to drink beer and At six feet, 195 pounds, Jones was an unusually sturdy leading dance. On Sunday afternoon, players convened in the basement to man (“hulking,” said the Crimson, in its review of The Caretaker), but watch the NFL doubleheader on the club’s color TV, while linebacker the smallest player on the ofensive line. Although he wasn’t one Gerry Marino and cornerback Mike Ananis prepared the ritual Pi Eta to overpower an opponent, like Skowronski, he was the fastest of Sunday-night spaghetti supper in the kitchen. The two seniors had the linemen, had excellent technique, and played with an almost assembled the ingredients on Saturday morning before the game, get- unsettling intensity. Guard Bob Jannino considered him the most ting up early to take the subway to Haymarket, where Marino, all four focused person he’d ever met. The team could be ahead by four of whose grandparents had emigrated from Sicily, went from stall to touchdowns in the final minute and Jones would still be going at stall, haggling in pidgin Italian as he selected tomatoes and peppers it as if the game were tied. In practice, when the coaches instructed and onions and garlic, before heading to Capone’s butcher shop for the players to perform a drill at half speed, most were grateful for pork chops, short ribs, and ropes of hot sausage. On Sunday, Marino the respite, but Jones continued at full throttle. prepared the bolognese sauce; Ananis, the grandson of Lithuanian immigrants, was relegated to making the salad. At many big-time football schools, players lived in the same Ananis, another local boy—his father, a former All-American run- dorm, hung out together, and became a distinct cult, set apart from ning back at Boston College, owned a Cambridge bar—was the kind their classmates. At Harvard, athletes were scattered throughout of selfless player it took to make a team. The five-foot-nine senior the campus—though Winthrop House had such a profusion that had started at cornerback the previous year. In the Yale game, he visiting Clifes joked about making sure to bring along a piece of had intercepted two Brian Dowling passes and was on the verge raw meat. Even so, the team spent more time together than many of intercepting a third when he slipped in the mud and gave up families. Practice ran from five to seven—it started late so premeds the winning touchdown bomb. This year, when he separated his could finish their labs—but most players came early to get their shoulder in the final preseason scrimmage, he was devastated. But ankles taped, and after the long walk to the Varsity Club for dinner, Ananis, for whom sports had been a refuge after his mother died of cancer when he was nine, decided that if he couldn’t play, he’d do everything he could to prepare his replacement, sophomore Rick Frisbie: instructing him in practice, encouraging him from the sideline during games, going over his assignments with him during time- outs. He continued to custom-make T-shirts for new members of the Headhunters, as Harvard’s kickof team was known, staying up late at his Lowell House desk and painstakingly Magic Markering a skull skewered by a bloody knife over the word HEADHUNTERS in Hells Angels–style lettering, with the player’s name inscribed on the skull’s forehead.

In 1903, William James, speaking at the Commencement Dinner on “The True Harvard,” suggested that people were drawn to the

BETTMANN/GETTY IMAGES College, among other reasons, “because she cherishes so many vital ideals, yet makes a scale of value among them; so that even her apparently incurable second- rateness (or only occa- sional ﬁrst-rateness) in intercollegiate athletics comes from her see- Vic Gatto ran into trouble during the frst quarter when he was tackled by Yale’s Kurt Schmoke (later a Harvard Law School J.D. and the future mayor of Baltimore). In the fourth quarter, with 19 seconds left, Yale led by eight points.

Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 ing so well that sport is but sport, that victory over Yale is not the whole of the law and the prophets.” James wrote those words at a time when the football team’s fans were so numerous that Harvard had just begun building what was then the country’s largest stadium to accommodate them. Nonetheless, Harvard, where it was considered a virtue never to be caught caring too much about anything (especially Harvard), had long prided itself on its ability to keep athletics in perspective. When Yale scored its first touchdown in the 1934 Har- vard-Yale game, Harvard students held up a placard that read “Who Gives a Damn?” By mid-century, Harvard students had given up writing fight songs in favor of writing satires of fight songs, like that composed in 1945 by sophomore Tom Lehrer (and rendered in hoity- toity Brahmin-ese): Fight fiercely Harvard, fight, fight, fight, Demonstrate to them our skill. Albeit they possess the might, nonetheless Pete Varney brandishes the “winning” we have the will! catch as Gus Crim (30), Bob Dowd (70), Ted Skowronski (50), and Fritz How shall we celebrate our victory? Reed (75) react. At right, the Monday We shall invite the whole team up for tea. morning front page of The Harvard In the forties and fifties, prior to John Yov- Crimson, immortalizing the quote of icsin’s arrival as coach, Harvard students may an anonymous undergraduate have had little choice but to feign being above hate snobbery it all because the team was so inept. In the sixties, the alumni still toward jocks,” lived and died with the team, albeit quietly—“at Harvard it isn’t observed Har- considered proper to show any emotion at a football game,” a play- vard sociolo- er lamented—but the students who attended games viewed the gist David Ries- proceedings with ironic condescension, as if they were observing man, who hardly did athletes a favor a quaint, mildly amusing ritual from an earlier era. “I don’t mind if when he added, “The jocks at Harvard are no threat to we lose, so long as we lose interestingly,” said one. anybody. They don’t even get the prettiest girls.” For the players, Harvard’s apathy took some getting used to. Most of them came from public high schools where football players were In 1968, Harvard students were especially disinclined to get excited treated not merely with respect but with adoration. At Harvard, about football. Ever since the first football game had been played few people other than their roommates knew they played, and, if in 1869, the sport, with its elaborate strategy, precise formations, they did know, they weren’t likely to pay much attention. Harvard and unbridled violence, had been likened to war. For almost a cen- was full of people who were good at what they did, and the fact tury, football’s association with war had been embraced. During that what you were good at was playing football was considered the sixties, however, that association was viewed with disdain, no more worthy of veneration than singing for the Glee Club or at least in Cambridge. The qualities football prized—discipline, writing for the Advocate, the college literary magazine. The players, conformity, aggression, and teamwork—were the antithesis of while larger, on average, than their fellow students, didn’t dress peace, love, and doing your own thing. Many students considered much diferently, and in most cases their hair was appropriately it frivolous or even immoral to cheer young men running up and shaggy. They could walk the campus in virtual anonymity. On the down the field in mock battle when, on the other side of the world, Friday afternoon before the Dartmouth game, Vic Gatto was sitting young men were fighting and dying in earnest. Far better—and far in the hallway of Dillon Field House being interviewed by a writer cooler—to chant “HELL NO, WE WON’T GO!” in Harvard Yard for the Globe. Several passing students asked him for directions to than “HOLD THAT LINE!” at Harvard Stadium. More than a few the weight room. Not one of them recognized the captain of the students who attended the games were there less for the football undefeated Harvard football team. than for the halftime show, in which the Harvard Band—irrever- If anything, being a football player at Harvard carried something ent, hip in a nerdy way, and decidedly antiwar—could be counted of a stigma. Most of the players wouldn’t have been caught dead on to comment acidly on the issues of the day. The band’s antics wearing their “DeeHa” (DHA: Department of Harvard Athletics) infuriated many alumni, who believed that the stadium on a Satur- sweatshirts to class, lest they risk being dismissed as a jock (the ad- day afternoon was one of the few places left where the world still jective dumb was implied) who might not have been admitted had he seemed right side up, where Harvard still resembled the Harvard been unable to catch a buttonhook or manhandle a quarterback. “I they had known.

Harvard Magazine 95

Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 HOLIDAY READING LIST A Harvard Magazine advertising supplement featuring books by Harvard alumni, faculty, and staff

The Upside of Inequality: B Shylock: His Own Story Gloriana: Exploring The How Good Intentions Lee B. Silverman, M.B.A. ’90 Bertram Fields, J.D. ’52 Reign Of Elizabeth I Undermine the Middle Class B is a how-to, quality-of-life, self-help Now, Bertram Fields gives us Shake- Bertram Fields, J.D. ’52 Edward Conard, M.B.A. ’82 guide. The purpose of B is to help you speare’s enigmatic Shylock’s full A breathless account of Eliza- To p Te n NY Times Bestselling Author, and our planet. If enough people live story, his dangerous background, his beth’s rise to power. Was she “The Larry Summers: “a valuable contri- in a positive way, the impact will be loves and challenges, and his motiva- Virgin Queen?” Did she sanction bution.” www.EdwardConard.com great. We hope you f nd B easy, fun, tion for the demand of a pound of murder? Fully illustrated in color. HarvardAvailable on Amazon, at local bookstores. and helpful. Authors’ Available on Amazon. flesh. Get it at Amazon. BookshelfGet it at Amazon.

Destiny: A Novel Of The Jaguars That Prowl Our Galactic Origin of Human Genesis Autobiography – Napoleon & Josephine Dreams: New and Selected John B. (Pell) Loveland ’56, M.Msc. And Other Funny Stories Bertram Fields, J.D. ’52 Poems 1974-2018 Was life seeded from galaxies more Charles H. Huettner, M.P.A. ’85 Napoleon & Josephine. A story of Mary Mackey ’66 advanced than ours? Can a broader White House Aviation Advisor on 9/11, loyalty, betrayal, and tempestuous “Beautiful poems with extraordinary view explain mysteries science was transitioning between Presidents Clin- love set against a sweeping back- range.” – Maxine Hong Kingston, “A unable to solve? This illustrated book ton and Bush, touring the world with ground of intrigue, terror, and war. monumental achievement.” – D. Nurkse. expands our horizon and entertains! Buzz Aldrin and Neil deGrasse Tyson, Get it at Amazon. At Spdbooks.org and Amazon.com www.NewAncientSecrets.com etc. www.thewordandthespirit.com

Turning Numbers into Knowledge The Story of Spirit as Me The Reformer: How One American Hearts: A Particularly Jonathan Koomey ’84 Daniel Fulmer, J.D. ’62 Liberal Fought to Preempt American Love Story This award winner, written for Fulmer details a journey within a the Russian Revolution Edward Vogt, J.D. ’68 beginning analysts & students, is person toward discovery of life as Stephen F. Williams, J.D. ’61 “It reads great! Terrif c chase scene “a lively, well-written, attractively spirit experienced in beauty, art, Vasily Maklakov fought to advance the rule and dialogue…any [movie] studio packaged book on the art of criti- music, story, love, nature, and med- of law against adversaries left and right. His would be interested’—Herb Caen, cal thinking,” says Skeptical Inquirer. itation or contemplation. Available struggle is a guide for those seeking to Pulitzer Prize-winning author, San Fran- Foreword by Prof. John P. Holdren. on Amazon.com liberalize authoritarian regimes today. cisco Chronicle. Amazon Kindle e-book.

ADVERTISEMENT Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746

181101_AuthorsBookshelf_Ver4.indd 68 10/9/18 11:12 AM HOLIDAY READING LIST ADVERTISEMENT A Harvard Magazine advertising supplement featuring books by Harvard alumni, faculty, and staff

To purchase one of the books listed below, please visit the publisher’s website, search amazon.com, or visit your local bookstore. To advertise your book in our next section, email: classif [email protected] or call 617-496-6686.

Harvard Authors’ Bookshelf

The Upside of Inequality: B Shylock: His Own Story Gloriana: Exploring The Masjid Morning Cologne No. 10 For Men Well Considered Canoedling in Cleveland How Good Intentions Lee B. Silverman, M.B.A. ’90 Bertram Fields, J.D. ’52 Reign Of Elizabeth I An Interfaith Romance A War Satire A Social Justice Thriller A Canoeing Adventure Undermine the Middle Class B is a how-to, quality-of-life, self-help Now, Bertram Fields gives us Shake- Bertram Fields, J.D. ’52 Richard Morris, M.B.A. ’70 Richard Morris, M.B.A. ’70 Richard Morris, M.B.A. ’70 Richard Morris, M.B.A. ’70 Edward Conard, M.B.A. ’82 guide. The purpose of B is to help you speare’s enigmatic Shylock’s full A breathless account of Eliza- Amy and Atif fall in love while their “A funny and serviceable satire about the The lives of their ancestors collided a Canoodling the adults while canoeing To p Te n NY Times Bestselling Author, and our planet. If enough people live story, his dangerous background, his beth’s rise to power. Was she “The families feud over the building of a gross rationalizations that propel war and century ago and they collide again today the environmental pollution and racial Larry Summers: “a valuable contri- in a positive way, the impact will be loves and challenges, and his motiva- Virgin Queen?” Did she sanction mosque. Bookvana Award Winner: peace” - Kirkus. “This is a superb novel ... weaving together the tales of two fam- divide of the sixties, plus a little canoo- bution.” www.EdwardConard.com great. We hope you f nd B easy, fun, tion for the demand of a pound of murder? Fully illustrated in color. f ction: romance. International Book of the Vietnam War ... the writing crack- ilies, one white, one African American.“A dling! “...deserves a place in every middle HarvardAvailable on Amazon, at local bookstores. and helpful. Authors’ Available on Amazon. flesh. Get it at Amazon. BookshelfGet it at Amazon. Award Finalist: f ction: romance. les with authenticity” - Writer’s Digest. multilayered thriller” - Kirkus Discoveries. and high school library” - Writer’s Digest.

Destiny: A Novel Of The Jaguars That Prowl Our Galactic Origin of Human Genesis Autobiography – Massachusetts in the Woman Jesus Reveals Revelation Winds Beneath My Wings Bradley’s Letters Sent Home Napoleon & Josephine Dreams: New and Selected John B. (Pell) Loveland ’56, M.Msc. And Other Funny Stories Suffrage Movement Charles H. Huettner, M.P.A. ’85 Royce Moser, Jr., M.D. ’61 The Civil War 1861-1865 Bertram Fields, J.D. ’52 Poems 1974-2018 Was life seeded from galaxies more Charles H. Huettner, M.P.A. ’85 Barbara F. Berenson ’80, J.D. ’84 Prophecy becomes clear by re- A chance meeting at Harvard with Robert Bradley, M. Arch. ’66 Napoleon & Josephine. A story of Mary Mackey ’66 advanced than ours? Can a broader White House Aviation Advisor on 9/11, “Berenson focuses her spotlight on Bay ordering it to align with the Gos- Ross McFarland, Ph.D., leads to General Bradley writes letters loyalty, betrayal, and tempestuous “Beautiful poems with extraordinary view explain mysteries science was transitioning between Presidents Clin- State women who catalyzed the effort pel text. Life’s basic questions are careers as a decorated USAF f ight home in eloquent style with de- love set against a sweeping back- range.” – Maxine Hong Kingston, “A unable to solve? This illustrated book ton and Bush, touring the world with [and] makes a case for determination, answered. See current events and surgeon and colonel and as a lead- scriptions not seen in the Civil War ground of intrigue, terror, and war. monumental achievement.” – D. Nurkse. expands our horizon and entertains! Buzz Aldrin and Neil deGrasse Tyson, perseverance, and patience to bring your life in a new light. Amazon.com er in preventive and occupational – Chicago Legion & Western Theater Get it at Amazon. At Spdbooks.org and Amazon.com www.NewAncientSecrets.com etc. www.thewordandthespirit.com about necessary change.” Boston Globe. and www.theWordandtheSpirit.com medicine. Available on Amazon. [email protected] – on Amazon.

Turning Numbers into Knowledge The Story of Spirit as Me The Reformer: How One American Hearts: A Particularly Triumphs of Experience: The A Broken Propeller Mindfulness: A Better Me; Dante’s Dilemma: Jonathan Koomey ’84 Daniel Fulmer, J.D. ’62 Liberal Fought to Preempt American Love Story Men of the Harvard Grant Study Betty Bagby Goerke ’52 A Better You; A Better World The MBA’s From Hell! This award winner, written for Fulmer details a journey within a the Russian Revolution Edward Vogt, J.D. ’68 George E. Vaillant ’55, M.D. ’59 In 1919, 59 pilots in open cockpit Annabel Beerel, Ph.D., and Larry Baytos, M.B.A. ’61 beginning analysts & students, is person toward discovery of life as Stephen F. Williams, J.D. ’61 “It reads great! Terrif c chase scene In the longest longitudinal study of planes competed in a round trip race To m R a f f o ’78, FLMI See two headstrong Halberd MBAs have “a lively, well-written, attractively spirit experienced in beauty, art, Vasily Maklakov fought to advance the rule and dialogue…any [movie] studio human development ever undertaken, that began at both San Francisco and Explains how to build mindfulness their careers and strategies thwarted by packaged book on the art of criti- music, story, love, nature, and med- of law against adversaries left and right. His would be interested’—Herb Caen, Vaillant follows adolescents into their Long Island. Pilots battled fog, snow, into your workplace culture. The a sexual harassment scandal, hostile take- cal thinking,” says Skeptical Inquirer. itation or contemplation. Available struggle is a guide for those seeking to Pulitzer Prize-winning author, San Fran- nineties. Lives continued to evolve and and ice. Only eight, including Goerke’s Bookery (Manchester, N.H.); Gibson’s over gone awry, a bumbling board, exec- Foreword by Prof. John P. Holdren. on Amazon.com liberalize authoritarian regimes today. cisco Chronicle. Amazon Kindle e-book. often become more fulf lling after 50. father, f nished. Available on Amazon. Bookstore (Concord, N.H.); or Amazon. utive greed, and more. Amazon digital.

ADVERTISEMENT Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746

181101_AuthorsBookshelf_Ver4.indd 68 10/9/18 11:12 AM 181101_AuthorsBookshelf_Ver4.indd 69 10/9/18 2:11 PM ADVERTISEMENT

There Are No Do-Overs: The The Emotions of Protest “I Really Meant to Tell You...” Understanding the Great Big Red Factors For Sustaining James M. Jasper ’79 Jeff Hutsell, M.B.A. ’78 Depression and Failures of a Business Long Term A sociologist looks at the many A book that helps us understand Modern Economic Policy: The Tom Raff o ’78, Dave Cowens, effects (good, bad, and unavoidable) that “words matter” and that Story of the Heedless Giant and Barbara McLaughlin that emotions have on politics, es- NOW, more than ever, the world Dan Blatt, LL.B. ’62 Insight on creating a winning team at the pecially at how they shape our long- needs kind words. Learn why we This fact book and analysis clears away the off ce by reviewing lessons from the bas- run moral commitments and group don’t say them and why we need to myths that various ideologues and in- ketballHarvard court. Available at Amazon.com. loyalties. Available Authors’ on Amazon.com through use of personal Bookshelf anecdotes. terest groups use to cloud understanding.

Seasons of The Heart: New What Mika Knows Back to Beer…and Hockey Hammer & Silicon England Poems of Love & Loss Trump America’s Savior The Story of Eric Molson Daniel J. McCarthy, D.B.A. ’63 John P. Joy ’70 Donn W. Fletcher, M.B.A. ’70 Helen Antoniou, M.P.H. ’97 with S. Puffer & D. Satinsky Short lyric poems tracking the emotion- Details of America’s problems with im- A candid, in-depth look into Eric A deep look at the contributions of tal- al trajectory of the New England heart, migration, diversity, education, and trade, Molson’s journey from behind-the- ented immigrant technical professionals from romance, love, and loss, through destroying our culture, society, and scenes brewer to 6th-generation from the former USSR to US innova- marriage, family, and parting. Available on economy in 2018 President Trump is en- leader of North America’s oldest tion based on 157 personal interviews Amazon.com and Barnes & Noble.com. deavoring to resolve. $10.95 at Amazon. brewery and third largest in the world. in Silicon Valley & Boston-Cambridge.

.com

Doomsday Revenge Body of Knowledge, a Novel Boston’s Banner Years: 1965-2015 Darwinian Nature and Artistic W.K. Bishop, J.D. ’66 A. M. Matthews, M.B.A. ’77 A Saga of Black Success Texts: Essays on Making/Unmaking U.S. lawyer learns of pre-1066 hoard A book you can’t put down as you enter Editor: Melvin B. Miller ’56 Allan Christensen ’62 recently dug up in English village his the world of Susan Glasser, a researcher, A repudiation of the news focus on black Antagonisms and complementarities be- Saxon ancestor owned before Norman who is trying to f gure out what is hap- poverty even while Boston became tween material Nature and the projects Conquest. He seeks compensation for pening after she makes a biotechnology the incubator of black achievement, of human performativity and textuality in conf scation of estates by William the discovery. 5 Star Rating! Order Amazon & progress, and prosperity. Available on the struggle for survival. Available for €23 Conqueror. 5 star review at Amazon. bookstores, visit www.ammatthews.com Amazon or Banner: bit.ly/banneryrs on amazon.co.uk & bookdepository.com

181101_AuthorsBookshelf_Ver4.indd 70 10/9/18 11:13 AM ADVERTISEMENT ADVERTISEMENT

Harvard Authors’ Bookshelf

There Are No Do-Overs: The The Emotions of Protest “I Really Meant to Tell You...” Understanding the Great Empowering English Language In Peace and Freedom: Hamlet on the Couch Dirty Science Big Red Factors For Sustaining James M. Jasper ’79 Jeff Hutsell, M.B.A. ’78 Depression and Failures of Learners: Successful Strategies My Journey in Selma James Groves ’68, M.D. ’72 Bob Gebelein ’56 a Business Long Term A sociologist looks at the many A book that helps us understand Modern Economic Policy: The of Christian Educators Bernard LaFayette Jr., Ed.D. ’74 Weaves a close reading of Shake- Establishment scientists assert that there Tom Raff o ’78, Dave Cowens, effects (good, bad, and unavoidable) that “words matter” and that Story of the Heedless Giant Contributing authors: and Kathryn Lee Johnson speare’s Hamlet with a large variety is no reality beyond the physical. This has and Barbara McLaughlin that emotions have on politics, es- NOW, more than ever, the world Dan Blatt, LL.B. ’62 Julia C. Davis, Ed.M. ’73 and LaFayette’s memoir from the Ala- of contemporary psychoanalytic and not been proven, so they use unscientif c Insight on creating a winning team at the pecially at how they shape our long- needs kind words. Learn why we This fact book and analysis clears away the Seong H. Park, Ph.D. ’09 bama Voter Registration Project to psychological theory, looking at the methods to block whole dimensions of off ce by reviewing lessons from the bas- run moral commitments and group don’t say them and why we need to myths that various ideologues and in- Edited by: Jeanne C. DeFazio the Selma-to-Montgomery marches. interplay of ideas between the two. knowledge, mental and spiritual. Down- ketballHarvard court. Available at Amazon.com. loyalties. Available Authors’ on Amazon.com through use of personal Bookshelf anecdotes. terest groups use to cloud understanding. and William David Spencer Available on Amazon.com. Available on Amazon. load Chapter 1 free at dirtyscience.net

Seasons of The Heart: New What Mika Knows Back to Beer…and Hockey Hammer & Silicon We Can Do It: A Community Genres Mélange Deuxième Geniuses™ II Moral Combat: How Sex England Poems of Love & Loss Trump America’s Savior The Story of Eric Molson Daniel J. McCarthy, D.B.A. ’63 Takes on the Challenge of Edward R. Levenson ’63 Neil W. Flanzraich ’65, J.D. ’68 Divided American Christians & John P. Joy ’70 Donn W. Fletcher, M.B.A. ’70 Helen Antoniou, M.P.H. ’97 with S. Puffer & D. Satinsky School Desegregation Humor, Word Play, Personae, Sonnets, In the second novel in this sci-f series, Fractured American Politics Short lyric poems tracking the emotion- Details of America’s problems with im- A candid, in-depth look into Eric A deep look at the contributions of tal- Michael T. Gengler, J.D. ’69 Art, Fiction, Memoirs, Reconstruct- Roger Reynolds and his family are being R. Marie Griff th, Ph.D. ’95 al trajectory of the New England heart, migration, diversity, education, and trade, Molson’s journey from behind-the- ented immigrant technical professionals Despite Brown, the South kept sepa- ing Judaism, Reviews, Interpretation, attacked by a powerful, unknown evil Ge- Conf icts over sexual morality, feminism, from romance, love, and loss, through destroying our culture, society, and scenes brewer to 6th-generation from the former USSR to US innova- rate white and black schools until 1968. Genealogy. The writings range from nius, who has caused the death of millions and gender have riven U.S. religion and marriage, family, and parting. Available on economy in 2018 President Trump is en- leader of North America’s oldest tion based on 157 personal interviews The author tells of gains and losses as Scripture to Talmud to Shakespeare over the centuries. Will Roger be able to politics for a century, serving as proxy Amazon.com and Barnes & Noble.com. deavoring to resolve. $10.95 at Amazon. brewery and third largest in the world. in Silicon Valley & Boston-Cambridge. Gainesville, Florida, unif ed its schools. to discussion about modern authors. defeat the villain and save the world? struggles over the fate of the nation itself.

.com

Doomsday Revenge Body of Knowledge, a Novel Boston’s Banner Years: 1965-2015 Darwinian Nature and Artistic 12 Muslim Revolutions, and the Hitler and the Habsburgs: Days of the Giants The Boy Who Loved Cats W.K. Bishop, J.D. ’66 A. M. Matthews, M.B.A. ’77 A Saga of Black Success Texts: Essays on Making/Unmaking Struggle for Legitimacy Against The Fuhrer’s Vendetta Against R.J. Petrella, Mary A. Flowers, G ’74, M.D. ’78 U.S. lawyer learns of pre-1066 hoard A book you can’t put down as you enter Editor: Melvin B. Miller ’56 Allan Christensen ’62 The Imperial Powers the Austrian Royals Clinical Instructor, H.M.S. This book is intended to teach diver- recently dug up in English village his the world of Susan Glasser, a researcher, A repudiation of the news focus on black Antagonisms and complementarities be- Carl Max Kortepeter ’50, Ph.D. James Longo, Ed.D. ’94 A young doctor in Boston who is com- sity, acceptance, and tolerance with a Saxon ancestor owned before Norman who is trying to f gure out what is hap- poverty even while Boston became tween material Nature and the projects A broadly encompassing study of the During f ve youthful years in Vienna, mitted to public medicine has to de- common theme that there is only one Conquest. He seeks compensation for pening after she makes a biotechnology the incubator of black achievement, of human performativity and textuality in medieval and modern history of the Adolf Hitler’s obsession with the cide how far he is willing go for his be- “race”—The HUMAN RACE. Publish- conf scation of estates by William the discovery. 5 Star Rating! Order Amazon & progress, and prosperity. Available on the struggle for survival. Available for €23 central lands of Islam over a period of Habsburg family turned into a vendet- liefs about the f eld. Eric Hoffer Award er: Booklogix, 1204 Alpharetta Rd., Al- Conqueror. 5 star review at Amazon. bookstores, visit www.ammatthews.com Amazon or Banner: bit.ly/banneryrs on amazon.co.uk & bookdepository.com centuries. Available on Amazon.com ta leading to war and the Holocaust. Nominee for E-book Fiction. Amazon.com pharetta , GA. 470-239- 8547.

181101_AuthorsBookshelf_Ver4.indd 70 10/9/18 11:13 AM 181101_AuthorsBookshelf_Ver4.indd 71 10/12/18 1:07 PM ADVERTISEMENT

A Grand Affair The Humpty Dumpty Syndrome: The Coach Who Strangled Black Eye David W. Beer ’56, M. Arch. ’59 Fixing Broken Faces - Patient the Bulldog: How Harvard’s Sharon Dennis Wyeth ’70 Transforms the way we see hotels. Stories of Maxillofacial Surgery Percy Haughton Beat Yale Poems with themes of domestic vio- An insider’s view of what makes for Morton H. Goldberg, D.M.D. ’58 and Reinvented Football lence and racial identity. Wyeth is a Cave a successful hotel. The author also Dr. Goldberg’s memoir begins at HMS, Dick Friedman ’73 Canem poet. Available at Finishing Line provides quirky anecdotes about the where an epiphany launched a career Early-day playbooks chronicle the Press or Amazon. “What was hidden and adventures and misadventures he ex- spent repairing facial bones damaged by Crimson’s seminal role in the birth of shadowed by ghosts...emerges in bruis- Harvardperienced while traveling the world. trauma, disease, Authors’ or malformation. big-time football. Available Bookshelf on Amazon. ing, burning race and sex.” - Francis Klein

Smart & Savvy: Negotiation Decalogue: A Meditation The Speed of Dark Gettin’ Home: Strategies in Academia on the Ten Commandments Joram Piatigorsky ’62 An Odyssey Through The ’60s Prof. Andrea Kupfer Schneider, Lance Matteson ’74 How Joram Piatigorsky, his mother Steve Nelson, J.D. ’65, M.P.A. ’66 J.D. ’92 with Dr. David Kupfer The Mosaic code has unique moral au- the daughter of the French Roth- “Brilliant storytelling…the most A key resource for academics at thority, rational structure, and implica- schild banking dynasty and his father a engaging book I’ve read in years.” all levels, this book provides the tions for ontology and healing. Informed world-renowned cellist, broke the chain - David Sokol, former music editor, negotiation tools you need to succeed. by years living in the Holy Land, a law- of his lineage to establish an important Valley Advocate (Northampton, MA). Available on Amazon.com yer’s eye, and study of Christian Science. career in science. AdelaideBooks.org Learn more: www.gettinhome.com

Making Sense Out of a Experience Personal Power Turkey Shoot Advertise Your Book World Gone Mad Jean C. Lawler, Ed.M. ’84 Geoffrey Dutton, M.C.P. ’70 The deadline is MARCH 14, 2019 Watchman on the Wall, M.B.A. ’81 Children ages 4 - 10 will discover Washing up in Greece fresh from bat- to showcase your book in the (pen name of vetted alum) how to develop their own personal tling ISIS, Iraqi ex-pat Mahmoud al Rama- Harvard Authors’ Bookshelf–Summer Reveals the existence and nature of powers while considering how expe- di adopts terrorism when four fraught Reading List and reach 258,000 the global conspiracy and connects the riences with Nature, Nutrition, Mind- revolutionists adopt him. Invention and Harvard alumni, faculty, and staff. For many obvious dots to the recent fulf ll- fulness, and Media make them feel. hacking, love and kismet converge in this more information, email Gretchen ment of end times Bible prophecies. Inquire at [email protected] inside-out literary thriller. bit.ly/dutbook Bostrom at: classif [email protected]

181101_AuthorsBookshelf_Ver4.indd 72 10/12/18 11:38 AM Montage Art, books, diverse creations

68 Open Book: Medicine, Minus Mythmaking 70 Coming Apart Together 71 Open Book: The Weight of Scale 72 Off the Shelf 73 The Devil and Philip Johnson 76 Chapter and Verse

In the Metropolitan Opera’s scene shop, Sarah Meyers stands calmly next to a monster’s oversized snout. the performers—and the in- terred. To be inside is to forget the outside, which was exactly what Meyers—slinking down the length of the central tunnel, obscured save for the lamp in her hands—was after. This was not, as Kallor quipped, her “first rodeo in a crypt.” (Two years earlier, he had asked her to direct his setting of Poe’s Darkness Visible horror story in a crypt in Harlem.) Meyers, a director at the Metropolitan Opera since Opera director Sarah Meyers doesn’t want you to notice everything. 2006, thrives in the dark. For her, the dark by jennifer gersten is more than just the absence of light—it is also the presence of what lies beyond the mind’s grasp. Her staging of “Tell-Tale” fea- n an August evening at Brook- on the back, gave her the appearance of an tures multiple pulsing lights encircling the lyn’s Green-Wood Cemetery, of-duty angel, was peering into the damp, space, representing a heartbeat that grows having hiked past the lawn con- 150-year-old vaults with a flashlight. In two from nothing to brightness. “Sometimes I O cert of dirgeful folk music—an months’ time, this would be the location for put things in, and I’m happiest if not every- audience of couples propped against each Kallor’s operatic settings of Frankenstein and one picks up on them,” she says. “I think it other as though they had renounced their “The Tell-Tale Heart.” afects them whether or not they know it.” spines—opera director Sarah Ina Meyers Most opera audiences sit at some re- Meyers encountered the darkness early, ’02, composer Gregg Kallor, and lighting de- move from the action on stage. The world reading “The Tell-Tale Heart” when she was signer Tláloc López-Watermann awaited of the opera, such an arrangement implies, around nine. It terrified her, “chang[ing] the the cemetery patrol car that would deposit is distinct from the world beyond. The cata- energy around me.” While earning her 2016 them at the Catacombs. Minutes later Mey- combs, however, make that division mar- Ph.D. in theatre at Columbia, she dissected ers, whose hoodie, featuring a print of wings ginal, putting the audience just feet from the term for what she had felt upon finish-

Photograph by Robert Adam Mayer Harvard Magazine 67

Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 MONTAGE New Directions has reissued open book The Doctor Stories, which col- lects medical writings by Wil- liam Carlos Williams—short M e d i c i n e , M i n u s fction, poems, and an autobio- graphical excerpt—to get at the heart of his dual career in Mythmaking letters and in medicine. When the prolifc writer and child psychiatrist Robert Coles ’50 met Williams as an undergraduate, the encounter changed his life. It set him on the path to training as a physician—and long-time professor at Robert Coles Harvard. (Among the sharp wisdom his mentor gave him: “Look, you’re not out on a universal, and the four-year picnic at that medical school, so stop talking like a disappointed lover.”) Coles instantly recogniz- wrote in the introduction to the 1984 edition: able: the function, the great advantage, For years I have been teaching these the moments of spite or malice we try to of all frst-rate art. William Carlos doctor stories to medical students, and overlook, the ever loaded question of And not to be for- Williams during each class we all seem newly awak- money, a matter few of us like to discuss, gotten in this age of glib, overwrought ened—encouraged to ask the important yet one constantly stirring us to pleasure, formulations, of theories and more theo- whys, consider the perplexing ifs. The to bedeviling disappointment in others, in ries, of conceptualizations meant to ex- stories offer medical students and their ourselves. What, in fact, that is really im- plain (and explain away) anything and teachers an opportunity to discuss the big portant has Williams left out? Nothing, it everything, he brings to us ironies, para- things, so to speak, of the physician’s seems… doxes, inconsistences, contradictions— life—the great unmentionables that are, He extends to us, really, moments of a the small vignette which opens up a world yet, everyday aspects of doctoring: the doctor’s self-recognition—rendered in of pleasurable, startling, or forbidden prejudices we feel (and feel ashamed of), such a way that the particular becomes the mystery.

The 2018 edition also includes a new preface by one of today’s preeminent doctor- ries and poems at my medical school writers, Atul Gawande, M.D. ’94, M.P.H. ’99, of Brigham and Women’s Hospital and bookstore when I was a student. The The New Yorker. (Gawande, also a professor of surgery and of health doctors Williams depicted in these fc- policy and management, holds another role the poet couldn’t have tions could be so badly, so appallingly hu- imagined: CEO of a new healthcare company formed by Amazon, man—capable of tenderness and love, JPMorgan Chase, and Berkshire Hathaway.) He recalls encountering yes, but also cruelty, fury, violence, ugli- this work for the frst time: ness—I read them as if between my fn- gers. He stripped away medicine’s pre- Medicine is at its heart Carlos Williams gets interesting. tense and mythmaking. The doctor about a relationship be- Doctors are mainly portrayed in litera- Williams felt himself to be was no better tween people. One per- ture as saints or idiots. But Williams saw or worse than his patients—as prone to son is forced by a need, a in his relationships as a local doctor for prejudice and pride and idiocy, yet in a

KELLY DAVIDSON KELLY physical vulnerability, to the town of Rutherford, New Jersey, in position of responsibility, and expected, Atul turn to the other. And the early half of the twentieth century, one way or another, to live up to it. Gawande that other person has— something more complicated and, often, Some succeed here. Some fail. None are what? Ostensibly knowledge, experience, disturbing. That is what drew me in when heroes. For me, still green and uncertain, skill, compassion. This is where William I frst came across this collection of sto- that was an unexpected comfort. ing Poe’s tale: the uncanny—the physical sen- that it starts to reprogram my brain a bit.” Stage fright led her away from the spot- sation that the mind is at a loss, occurring When Meyers was 14, her parents took light and toward a directing class with when the boundary between reality and her to the Met’s performance of Madama the American Repertory Theater’s Mar- fantasy is shown to be permeable. Butterfly. They suspected their daughter, a cus Stern, where she discovered her love For Meyers, opera has been a means of self-described “emotional addict,” might en- of working backstage. During her double examining the uncanny into adulthood. She joy herself. Afterward, she says, “I couldn’t concentration in music and philosophy, she describes working on certain productions speak. I felt that my soul had been lit on directed six operas. “I ended up in the field as akin to being possessed by them. “Some fire.” She considered a conservatory educa- because I refused to make a choice,” she re- shows…elevate me, but I work on others that tion in performance, but chose Harvard for calls. “I didn’t want to just be in theater. I literally start to infect my daily life”—like Al- the Dunster House (now Harvard) Opera didn’t want to stop reading about [other ban Berg’s Wozzeck. “There is so much unnec- program that she could explore alongside subjects]. Opera kept the door to my curi- essary sufering, so much hurt…I really think her academic coursework. osity as widely open as possible.”

68 November - December 2018

Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 MONTAGE After Harvard, Meyers began a directing internship at Wolf Trap Opera Company, a launchpad for emerging artists; next came an assistantship with Francesca Zambello, artistic director of the Washington National Opera and Glimmerglass Festival. She received her first call from the Met in 2004, but a scheduling conflict forced her to turn the company down. In 2005, the Met called again, this time about assisting Julie Tay- mor on her non-Met opera Grendel. She began working regularly at the Met in 2006. Six days a week and sometimes more, she is on call for her dream job, but she also takes on freelance projects, including Kallor’s operas. To direct, after a fashion, is not only to be possessed by, but also to possess the work at hand. For Meyers, that process of leaving her mark resembles an “archaeological dig” through text, music, and character. She Atlifecare Brookhaven living is as good as it looks. Brookhaven at Lexington offers an abundance of opportunities for intellectual growth, artistic expression and personal wellness. Our residents Explore More share your commitment to live a vibrant lifestyle in a lovely community.

For more online-only articles on CALL TODAY FOR INFORMATION! CAMPUS EXPANSION the arts and creativity, see: A Full-Service Lifecare Retirement Community 49 NEW www.brookhavenatlexington.org APARTMENTS Lives Glimpsed (781) 863-9660 • (800) 283-1114 through Pass- ports A Houghton exhibit documents Harvard Fleece Insignia Jackets “the dream of a globalized world.” harvardmag.com/passports-18

Place-Making with Plastic Tubes An artwork by Teresita Fernán- dez in Tercente- nary Theatre evokes community and James Baldwin. harvardmag.com/fernandez-18

FROM THE ARCHIVES Image and the Arc of Feeling Boylston professor Jorie GET COZY. GIVE COZY. Graham’s challenging Give the gift of cozy this holiday season, perfect lyrics use for students and alumni! Harvard ﬂ eece insignia

language to give HARRISON JIM 99 98 readers the To order please jackets are only $39 –normally $64 . experience of the poem. visit us online at: Donʼt miss out on this heartwarming holiday harvardmag.com/joriegraham-18 www.thecoop.com special! Online only, not available in stores.

Harvard Magazine 69

Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 MONTAGE says of working on classics like Marriage of combs lack electricity, making lighting dif- bring the fantastical around every person Figaro that “creating something new when ﬁcult. Their structure is unfriendly to easy who will see it.” you have that much cultural memory weigh- entry and exit—most bodies that enter are By any given opening night, a reluctant ing on you is hard. But there’s something there for an extended stay—so she had to Meyers has stopped tinkering—the show to be said for experience, because over the devise ways to go in and out safely. But the is what it is. She’s sitting way in the back course of those 15 versions [of Figaro], you challenges are the price for an apt, adapt- of the space, or even standing, in case she learn a great deal.” able space. In the novel, Frankenstein’s mon- needs to leave. “I clench my seat and make With new operas, she explains, “I have ster is assaulted by light and sound at birth; all sorts of funny noises as the show is a strong obligation to help [composers] the gloomy catacombs will enable Meyers happening, to the extent that my husband achieve their vision, because it’s the ﬁrst it- to give her audience a taste of that. “The won’t sit next to me anymore.” Nobody is eration anyone will ever see.” Before Kallor’s environment needs to be an integral part of paying her any mind, though. A story is hap- operas could open at Green-Wood, Meyers the story, an equal character,” she explains. pening on stage, with designs on following needed to untangle a few knots. The cata- “Directing this show in the right way, we’ll them home.

ist. His newest collection, The Gilded Auction Coming Apart Together Block, will be released in November by Farrar, Straus and Giroux. “Every time I’ve published a book, I’ve thought I should slow down, The propulsive intensity of Shane McCrae’s poetry but I honestly don’t know how,” he says. “It doesn’t really feel so fast to me. My experi- by lydialyle gibson ence is, lots of silence punctuated by occa- sional stretches of happiness during which ike many writers, Shane McCrae, old, living in Aloha, Oregon, and that after- I’m writing.” J.D. ’07, remembers clearly when he noon his high school screened an after-school The velocity of his output is matched by a first took an interest in words, when special, about a young man who committed propulsive intensity. His poems hurtle down L the urge—and then the need—to suicide. One warning sign, the film explained, the page, in fragments and echoes and dislo- write first grabbed him. It happened all at was that he’d been reading poetry. “A lot of cations, communicating amazement or hor- once, on October 25, 1990. He was 15 years Sylvia Plath,” McCrae recalls. In a funeral ror or hunger or vulnerability with brutal scene, one character precision. His syntax doubles back on itself; Shane McCrae quoted from Plath’s words are fractured, lines interrupted; some- “Lady Lazarus”: “Dy- times the whole enterprise races to a halt. His ing / Is an art, like ev- poem “Claiming Language” ends this way: erything else. / I do it I want a diferent language / Lord not exceptionally well.” a claiming language / I want a language Those lines went through McCrae like like the language Lord an electric current. our bodies use to free each other He wrote eight po- “McCrae writes as though he’s trying to ems that day. By the stitch the world back together,” critic Jona- next year, he’d decid- than Farmer suggested in a 2015 Slate review. ed to become a poet. Perhaps he is. McCrae’s poems often re- He’s now an visit his childhood. When he was three years “alarmingly prolific” old, his white grandparents kidnapped him one, as a reviewer put from his black father—whom he would not it. In the past seven see again until he was 16—and raised him to years, McCrae, a believe that his father had abandoned him. graduate of the Iowa They denied that he was black, even as they Writers Workshop punished him for his blackness (“I always who teaches crea- knew,” McCrae says now. “There’s a kind tive writing at Co- of dual consciousness….I knew it, but also lumbia, has produced didn’t know.”). His grandfather was a violent six books and three and physically abusive white supremacist; chapbooks; 2017’s In McCrae’s poetry recounts sexual abuse by the Language of My Cap- other boys. tor, was a National By the time he and his classmates watched Book Award final- that after-school special on suicide, McCrae

Photograph by Robert Adam Mayer

Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 MONTAGE

In Scale & the Incas (Princeton University Press, $65), Andrew James Hamilton, Ph.D. open book ’14, examines the role of size—manifest in tiny conopas (hand-held idols) and massive stonework—in the art of this vanished South American civilization. Scale, he argues, un- dergirded Inca thought. It was how they conceptualized key relationships: between life on T h e We i g h t earth and celestial constellations; the emperor and the sun; far-fung populations and the capital. Color plates, which the author hand- drew in pencil, watercolor, and gouache, il- of Scale lustrate his narrative with lush precision. A Getty/ACLS Fellow who will become associate curator of art of the Americas at the Art Institute of Chicago this spring, Hamilton begins the book with this enigma of anthropology:

The storerooms of the Harvard Peabody forge new relationships with human bodies. Museum are flled with towering totem Holding any of these minutely crafted but poles and tent posts, elongated dugout and seemingly useless tools, it is hard not to birch bark canoes, and massive casts of ste- wonder: what were their makers thinking? lae. The collection is at once a sprawling Indeed, the logic or function of these ob- repository of art and industry and a micro- jects is unclear. They were purchased from cosmic encapsulation of it because of the a dealer in Lima in 1947 with no documenta- teaching museum’s vast size relative to tion of where they came from or how they other institutions and the staggering quan- were found. They can be loosely attributed tity of objects humans have produced. Amid to the north coast of Peru after the year this panoply of evidence of the ways civiliza- 1000, because of the iconography on the tions have thought and wrought, strived and metal weaving. When the enigmatic cache thrived, a clutch of diminutive Andean arti- arrived at the Peabody Museum in 1948, the facts raises outsized questions about the registrar who accessioned them had to de- ways societies conceptualize, perceive, and cide what to offcially call them. With little interpret scale. evidence to analyze beyond their physical Because the objects are so small—only forms, they were dubbed a “child’s silver toy From the Peabody Museum a few centimeters long—curators have aug- loom and parts thereof.” Because their collections, a reduced-scale macaw- feather fan—a burial offering—and its mented their size. They have been grouped scale meant they could not function as ac- larger model, a real fan together, nestled into foam supports, and tual tools, the most plausible explanation— placed inside larger boxes. Removing a gray- at least to a modern viewer—was that they place. And yet, in spite of this contradiction, blue lid, many of the contents may look like were pretend or make-believe tools re- many remain labeled this way. silver-colored wires, perhaps sewing nee- duced in scale to ft a child’s hands. What is The fundamental signifcance of this epi- dles… The two dozen burnished objects critical to understand about this classifca- sode—simple as it may be—is that the scale present unusably small versions of ancient tion, however, is that other toys and things of an object communicated something to a Andean tools for spinning and weaving. broadly consistent with modern Euro- viewer. Moreover, it potentially communi- There is even an intricate loom featuring a American notions of childhood are not cated different things to different viewers repoussé-chased textile. Although the common in the Andean archaeological re- based on their cultural backgrounds. The shapes of the original implements were er- cord, let alone ones made of valuable silver. thousand-year-old message that the regis- gonomically developed to be manipulated This would-be rationalization was perhaps trar believed was successfully received was by hands, these smaller, denser objects as illogical as the objects’ scale in the frst more likely something lost in translation. was five years into a “serious existential com- became a father and earned his GED. At 19 he myself, of the world, of art.” For all its radi- mitment” to give up on life. He had failed ev- and his first wife married. (He now lives with cal syntax and raw emotion, McCrae’s poetry ery grade from the sixth grade on. Hearing his current wife, Melissa, and their 8-year-old adheres to metrical strictures that date back Plath, though, a world opened. He became daughter, and is close to his two children from 500 years: “I had this rule that I would not do a regular at the school library, poring over previous marriages.) At 21 he started commu- anything metrically that Sir Philip Sidney”— books about poets’ lives, reading Ann Sex- nity college and afterward transferred briefly who wrote The Defence of Poesy in 1579—“would ton, Linda Pastan, and, of course, Plath. “I to the University of Oregon, where he solid- not have recognized as valid.” became really profoundly obsessed,” he says. ified a budding interest in the early canon. McCrae finished his undergraduate de- “I had this idea that poetry was either going “It turns out that my favorite poetry is Eliza- gree at Linfield College, a small liberal-arts to be the key to the rest of my life, or there bethan and Renaissance English poetry,” he school with a creative-writing major, and just wasn’t going to be a key.” says. “Edmund Spenser’s The Faerie Queene has from there went to Iowa’s M.F.A. program He didn’t finish high school. At 18, McCrae been necessary to me, to my conception of and on to Harvard Law School (“I was good

Illustration by Andrew James Hamilton Harvard Magazine 71

Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 MONTAGE at logic-ing,” he says, “and I thought I might also the long history that er overhears four strang- become a lawyer”). While in Cambridge made the age of Trump ers at a Wendy’s talking he took Boylston professor Jorie Graham’s possible (“Remembering about their grandchil- poetry workshop, which transformed his My White Grandmother dren’s lives: “I breathe writing from free verse “that read like ev- Who Loved Me and Hat- the words they say to erybody else’s,” to a style that felt truer; its ed Everybody Like Me,” each other / We live and strangeness cracked open something deep is another). Several po- die apart together.” and abundant. “That’s when I started to ems address an “Amer- McCrae sees a new write much more quickly.” ica” that seems at times golden age of political Historical consciousness weighs on all imaginary: the Ameri- poetry dawning now, in- McCrae’s poetry, worlds burdened by the can dream, the Ameri- tertwined with confes- presence of an immutable past, and ques- can idea, “the America sional poetry. “It has to tions about how to live with that. His 2013 that America sees when do with identity,” he ex- book, Blood, is a collection of slave narratives, it looks in the mirror,” he plains; poets from mar- searingly rendered in the first-person. “Who says. The 40-page “Hell ginalized backgrounds do I got to kill / to get all the way free,” asks Poem” considers “our ca- “are asserting the right the book’s final poem, “After the Uprising.” pacity for accepting and to confess identity-based The Gilded Auction Block, the newest volume, normalizing the terrible.” harm they have sufered, considers life in the age of Donald Trump The book ends with a poem called “After the or celebratory joy. They are asserting the (“Sonnet for Desiree Fairooz Prosecuted Skinny Repeal is Voted Down”—a reference value of their stories.” And like McCrae, for Laughing at Jef Sessions’ Confirma- to last year’s Senate attempt to repeal the they are finding that their words have tion Hearing,” is the title of one poem), but Afordable Care Act—in which the speak- power.

by the Connell Distinguished Profes- (Harvard, $35). Brundage, the University sor of law emeritus at UCLA. Ad- of North Carolina’s Umstead Distinguished Off the Shelf dressing detention, waterboarding, Professor of history, fnds an enduring dual- targeted killing, and more, the book ism in the national fabric: abhorrence of Recent books with Harvard connections summons up Abu Ghraib, Guantá- Old World barbarity and torture, and namo Bay, and contemporary mat- ready willingness to resort to it at times of The Schoolhouse Gate: Public Educa- ters like the civilian casualties of targeted crisis, from the early Indian wars to Civil tion, the Supreme Court, and the drone strikes and the continuing bombing War prisons to the continuing War on Ter- Battle for the American Mind, by Jus- in Yemen: issues, and places, many people ror. The debates refect “certainty in tin Driver, J.D. ’04 (Pantheon, $35). Lest prefer to put out of mind, but of immediate American exceptionalism.” Brundage anyone forget why the Supreme Court relevance as the nation deploys unconven- shows they are at odds with the history. matters, Driver—now Wyatt professor of tional forces, and means, in hidden combat law at Chicago, and formerly a clerk for around the globe today. Outbreak Culture: The Ebola Crisis justices Stephen Breyer, LL.B. ’64, and San- and the Next Epidemic, by Pardis Sa- dra Day O’Connor (the 2009 Radcliffe The Second Creation: Fixing the beti, professor of organismic and evolu- Institute medalist), and before that for American Constitution in the Found- tionary biology and professor of immunol- might-have-been justice Merrick Garland ing Era, by Jonathan Gienapp (Harvard, ogy and infectious diseases, and Lara ’74, J.D. ’77—has crafted a defnitive anal- $35). And while we have the Constitution Salahi (Harvard, $25.95). Gene-sequencer ysis of the issues it decides in schooling: in mind….The author, assistant professor (and guitarist: Harvard Portrait, May-June racial segregation, students’ freedom of of history at Stanford, looks underneath 2009, page 49) Sabeti, who played a lead expression, corporal punishment, the the contemporary assumption that the role in sorting out the epidemic that proper realm for religion in public life, and drafting and ratifcation of the Constitution erupted in West Africa in 2014, here more. The treatment is thematic, rather more or less established the national play- teams with a journalist to address the sys- than chronological, so lay readers may have book. Instead, he explains, its meaning, ap- temic issues that interrupted the fow of to work a bit. But Americans can assume plication, and interpretation emerged from information and expertise to the health- their own divisions on such matters will uncertainty during the frst critical decade care workers engaged in fghting the out- continue to reach, and be ruled upon, by of governance. Hence the “fxing” of the break—for some of those workers, at the the nine justices; this is an important guide. subtitle, and the powerful suggestion that cost of their lives. traits seen today as innate and originalist, Law’s Wars: The Fate of the Rule of cannot in fact be anything of the sort. Jerome Robbins: A Life in Dance, by Law in the U.S. “War on Terror,” by Wendy Lesser ’73 (Yale, $25). Displaying Richard L. Abel ’62 (Cambridge, $74.99). Civilizing Torture: An American Tra- anew her broad critical range, the founding Even weightier is this exhaustive reference dition, by W. Fitzhugh Brundage, Ph.D. ’88 editor of The Threepenny Review crafts a suc-

72 November - December 2018

Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 MONTAGE The Devil and Philip Johnson A “star-chitect” as P.T. Barnum by spencer lee lenﬁeld The Man in the Glass House: Philip Johnson, Architect of hilip johnson ’27 (’30), B.Arch.’43— legal counsel for Alcoa) and blessed with a German money. the Modern Century, by the celebrated architect of the former handsome face, he had connections to high Nevertheless, John- Mark Lamster (Little, Four Seasons restaurant in Manhat- society and a gift for charismatic self-mar- son died in bed of Brown, $35) P tan’s Seagram Building, the AT&T keting that repeatedly saved him from his natural causes at Building (now 550 Madison Avenue), and own worst transgressions. age 98 in 2005, a revered if controversial his own Glass House residence—grew ob- The most serious of these, sympathizing member of a profession he had helped trans- sessed as an undergraduate by Nietzsche’s with the Nazis and working to bring about mute into high art: proof that money and vision of super-men who could transcend a kind of American fascism throughout the charm can conceal all manner of sins, and morality to live life as art. His own life, as 1930s, would dog Johnson throughout his perhaps buy more than one’s fair share of written in Dallas-based architecture critic life, even as his powerful friends did their happiness as well. Mark Lamster’s new biography, The Man in the best to keep such rumors in abeyance. Lam- Glass House: Philip Johnson, Architect of the Modern ster is unequivocal about these charges: the There are two schools of thought on John- Century, reads like an Ayn Rand plot rewrit- full evidence shows Philip Johnson was “an son’s dalliances with the Nazis, the popu- ten by Henry James. Not only was Johnson unpaid agent of the Nazi state”—unpaid list Louisiana politician Huey Long, and the born into wealth (his father was the ﬁrst only because he was so rich he didn’t need anti-Semitic Roman Catholic priest Father

cinct life, at his cente- ers’ decision to leave acclaimed The Piano Tuner, is a richly re- nary, of the acclaimed voting rights and regula- searched and imagined story, in some- choreographer—who tions to the states’ dis- times brutal detail, of a young medical “may well have been the cretion. In an era when student who enlists for battlefeld surgi- most hated man on the franchise has be- cal duty during World War I. It memora- Broadway.” come newly politicized, bly invokes a Europe “dark and hungry the history is revealing, and tired of war.” Tall Building Collec- and often not to the nation, by Scott Johnson, tion’s credit. Japan in the American Century, by M.Arch. ’75 (Balcony Kenneth B. Pyle ’58 (Harvard, $35). The Press, $150). Nearly a Life in Culture: Se- Jackson professor emeritus of history and decade ago, Johnson lected Letters of Li- international studies at the University of documented the pro- onel Trilling, edited Washington recalls a crucial trans-Pacifc liferation of very tall by Adam Kirsch ’97 relationship, from before World War II to structures (“Skyscrap- (Farrar, Straus and Gir- the present, at a time when the new er as Symbol,” May- oux, $35). Kirsch, a American administration has posed chal- June 2010, page 21). critic and poet (and lenges ranging from the terms of econom- Now, he has updated Harvard Magazine con- ic trade to the status of the Koreas and the that original work and tributing editor), brings big-power status of China. Powerful per-

accompanied it with a EDMUNDSUMNER/VIEW/ALAMY PHOTO STOCK forward more of Trill- spective on how former adversaries can volume of essays on Standing tall: Mikimoto Ginza 2, in ing, one of the towering ally, after differences far more extensive more recent tall build- Tokyo, Japan: one of the new critics of the twentieth than those being brought into play now. generation of striking highrises ings, built and imag- century (The Middle of ined, and essays on the art and form. A fat the Journey, The Liberal Imagination)—and a Howard Hiatt, by Mark Rosenberg ’67, collection, in three visually astonishing wonderful stylist. For example, to Norman M.D. ’71, M.P.P. ’72 (MIT, $30). A biography volumes. Podhoretz, in 1951: “The pleasure of your of a public-health leader (Hiatt, class of ’46, letter made me gladder than ever for that M.D. ’48, was dean of Harvard’s school The Embattled Vote in America: day 20 years ago when I picked the basket from 1972 to 1984) and pioneer in defning From the Founding to the Present, by off the doorstep and found you inside….” global health equity (affectionately subti- Allan J. Lichtman, Ph.D. ’73 (Harvard, tled, “How this extraordinary mentor $27.95). The Distinguished Professor of his- The Winter Soldier, by Daniel Mason transformed health with science and com- tory at American University explains the ’98 (Little, Brown, $28). The third novel passion”). Foreword by Michelle A. Wil- troubles that have ensued from the found- by Mason, a psychiatrist and author of the liams, the current public-health dean.

Harvard Magazine 73

Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 MONTAGE Coughlin in the 1930s. One holds that these tions allowed him to play kingmaker in the Huey Long to ofer his marketing services, mistakes pollute everything he ever did or field: a partial list of architects and artists and was refused mainly because of his own touched, and that Johnson never fully re- appearing in Johnson’s circle through the bumbling; later, he designed a Nazi-rem- pented; the other, that his merits as design- decades includes I.M. Pei, M.Arch. ’46, Ar.D. iniscent dais for one of Father Coughlin’s er and architect can be separated from his ’95, Andy Warhol, John Cage, Merce Cun- rallies. He ran unsuccessfully for the Ohio youthful errors, and his gestures of contri- ningham, Jasper Johns, Denise Scott Brown legislature on the ticket of his own political tion in later years—designing synagogues and Robert Venturi, Ada Louise Huxtable, party, which was “composed of hard-core without fee, mentoring Jewish protégés— professor in practice of architecture and reactionaries, pro-Nazi German-American were sincere. Opinions on Johnson’s work urban design Rem Koolhaas, Daniel Libes- Bundists, Klansmen, and members of the similarly split in two. Depending on whom kind, Zaha Hadid, and Frank Gehry, Ds ’57, Black Legion.” (Johnson’s secretary later you ask, he was either a canny innovator Ar.D. ’00. told the FBI that he had delusions of be- who helped push American architecture Influence acknowledged, the further coming “the Hitler in the United States.”) out of provincialism to the global fore, or question is whether that influence on ar- He traveled to Germany in 1937 and 1938; on an unoriginal windbag and hyperbolist who chitecture was for good or for ill— the second trip, he enthu- Philip Johnson at his inflicted two blights on his field: postmod- and whether the history of John- iconic modernist Glass siastically attended one of ernism and “star-chitecture.” son’s political beliefs afects that House in New Canaan, the Nuremberg rallies. Af- Why is it worth arguing about Johnson? question. Lamster (who teaches Connecticut, 1949 ter his return, he continued to contact Nazi agents until 1940. Johnson was gay in about as public a manner as was possible at the time, but seems not to have noticed how the Nazis treated homosexuals. This was no youthful error: Johnson was in his early thirties. He returned to Harvard (where, as an undergraduate of means at loose ends, he had taken seven years to finish his degree) to enroll at the Graduate School of Design in 1940, out of a dawning sense that fascism was excluding him from polite company and he had no future in politics. Before this, Johnson’s only If we accept that Johnson was an enthusiastic fascist in practical design work had been as an interior decora- the 1930s, how should we look at his buildings? tor; his main credentials for admission were his years at Both his detractors and his devotees agree at the University of Texas at Arlington and MoMA and his social pedigree. His fortune that his influence was vast. As a young man was a Loeb Fellow at the Graduate School of compensated for his lack of technical skills who lucked into a job after college as the Design in 2016-17) unequivocally condemns (he financed the building of an entire house Museum of Modern Art’s first architec- Johnson not just for sympathizing with the in Cambridge to fulfill his “practical experi- tural curator (largely through society con- Nazis, but actively providing them with ma- ence” requirement), and he entered the pro- nections), he defined and popularized the terial support in the 1930s. He left the cura- fession after taking his degree, with enough International Style—the potpourri of Euro- torial job at MoMA that had made him an of the fascist stain laundered to become pre- pean modern architectural approaches that art-world darling in late 1934 to become a sentable again. He even briefly enlisted in molded the look of the mid-century United populist rabble-rouser. the army (which, aware of his activities, kept States. Having built that god, he smashed Some previous biographers and scholars, him away from any real responsibilities). It is it and set up a new one: a “postmodern” following Johnson’s own lead, have tried to unclear whether he came to realize the Nazis architecture that threw together stylized brush of these years as misguided dalli- were evil, or whether he abandoned them gestures toward the non-functional fea- ances, or the common anti-Semitism of the from a sense of self-preservation. tures (like a “Chippendale” pediment atop times. They will have a hard time ignoring a skyscraper) that canonical modernism es- Lamster’s eye-popping, well-footnoted cat- If we accept that Johnson was an enthu- chewed. Moreover, his wealth and connec- alog of Johnson’s activities. He approached siastic fascist in the 1930s, how should we

74 November - December 2018 Photograph by Arnold Newman/Liaison Agency/Getty Images

Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 Fall books from Harvard University Press

Sentinel Globalization and Outbreak Culture Accounting for Slavery Time and Its Adversaries The Unlikely Origins of Inequality The Ebola Crisis and the Masters and Management in the Seleucid Empire the Statue of Liberty Elhanan Helpman Next Epidemic Caitlin Rosenthal Paul J. Kosmin Francesca Lidia Viano $26.95 Pardis Sabeti and Lara Salahi $35.00 Belknap Press | $55.00 $35.00 $25.95

The Academy of Fisticufs Third Thoughts No Property in Man Exoplanets De Gaulle Political Economy and Commercial Steven Weinberg Slavery and Antislavery at Hidden Worlds and the Quest Julian Jackson Society in Enlightenment Italy Belknap Press | $25.95 the Nation’s Founding for Extraterrestrial Life Belknap Press | $39.95 Sophus A. Reinert Sean Wilentz Donald Goldsmith $45.00 $26.95 $24.95

Not All Dead White Men The Embattled Vote What Works Adorno and Existence The Land of the Elephant Kings Classics and Misogyny in in America Gender Equality by Design Peter E. Gordon Space, Territory, and Ideology in the Digital Age From the Founding to the Present Iris Bohnet New in paperback $19.95 the Seleucid Empire Donna Zuckerberg Allan J. Lichtman New in paperback Belknap | $16.95 Paul J. Kosmin $27.95 $27.95 New in paperback $22.95

HARVARD UNIVERSITY PRESS www.hup.harvard.edu (join our mailing list) Tel: 800.495.1619

181110_HUP.indd 1 9/20/18 12:41 PM MONTAGE look at his buildings? Lamster treats this A lack of allegiances does not necessar- biographical problem in a nuanced way. ily make a bad artist, but it might explain No one thinks a former Nazi sympathiz- some of the unevenness in Johnson’s work as C hapter er’s building morally corrupts all who an architect and designer. Lamster sketch- gaze upon it or pass through it. No one es roughly four phases in Johnson’s career: & Verse seriously thinks we should tear down the early years as a devotee of Mies (the Glass Correspondence on landmark Seagram Building Johnson built House, the Seagram Building), then an apo- not-so-famous lost words in the 1950s with Mies van der Rohe, or statical turn toward a kind of neoclassicism demolish the Glass House. Lamster, how- (the Brick House, the Lincoln Center pa- ever, pays careful attention to how aspects vilion) that eventually became his notori- Jacob Adler asks: “In Nishmat H. ayyim of buildings throughout Johnson’s career ous “postmodernism” (the AT&T Building, (“The Breath of Life,” 1651), the Dutch start to look disturbing in light of what he One International Place), and a ﬁnal period rabbi Menasseh ben Israel writes of once believed: the “authoritarian pomp” of of decline, “churning out boring corporate strange phenomena that supposedly oc- the New York State Theater, the bunker- towers.” The good buildings are very good, cur in Asia: people making clothing from like art gallery on the Glass House estate, but there are many more bad ones. It is as stone in China; families in Cochin, India, a possible citation of enjoyable and infor- with right thighs swollen like elephants’; a pogrom-ruined vil- mative to read Lam- and people in Negapatam and Mylapore lage as the inspira- ster’s descriptions of who can eat with their eyes, whether tion for that house’s the buildings he loves cucumbers and watermelons or the in- central chimney. He as it is of those he nards of enemies. Does anyone know of voices unease with hates. Of the Lincoln a source for these ideas?” Johnson’s fawning Center pavilion: “One attention to rich and of the most pleasing Send inquiries and answers to “Chapter powerful clients, and public spaces in the and Verse,” Harvard Magazine, 7 Ware lack of apparent in- city, with spokes and Street, Cambridge 02138, or via email to terest in broader so- concentric circles of [email protected]. cial responsibilities. travertine emanating Moreover, he ob- from a dancing cen- serves that Johnson tral fountain.” But he had a nasty habit of discarding people as used a kind of de- of NYU: “Washing- soon as they were no longer useful to him; based aestheticism to ton Square managed he was convinced he was a world-histori- avoid having to talk to survive Johnson’s cal ﬁgure. He became a famous architect about values in ar- architecture and re- through an ability to sell his vision of him- chitecture. In trans- main a vibrant place.” self as a great architect to others—and his lating European mod- Candid judgments of ability to bankroll his own projects. Lam-

ernism to America, COLLECTION/GETTYIMAGES PICTURE THAI/THELIFE TED any kind are a useful ster repeatedly compares Johnson to two Johnson deliberately Johnson poses with a model of his highly improvement on the famous non-architects. One is P.T. Barnum. emphasized a style controversial, postmodernist, Chippen- only previous biogra- The other, Johnson’s final major client, was dale-topped AT&T Building, May 1978. unmoored from any phy, Franz Schulze’s also born into money, which insulated him original goals of improving the lot of oth- Philip Johnson: Life and Work, which was com- from failures that would have ended others’ ers. As he moved from tastemaker to prac- pleted during the architect’s lifetime (albe- careers. His sense of personal grandeur and titioner, Johnson sowed those tendencies it without direct supervision), and avoids charisma, as Lamster notes, have also carried in the heart of dozens of major American being too critical of any him through accusations cities. Lamster sees a literal and figurative single building. of a racist past into great hollowness at the center of many of John- Johnson is a mad- success. His opponents son’s works: his characteristic move, wheth- dening protagonist: his and supporters alike ac- er in the Four Seasons, Lincoln Center, or comeuppance never knowledge his influence. the Glass House, was to highlight large neg- quite came. He had few Philip Johnson ended his ative spaces. Lamster finds those spaces a original ideas, freely ac- career building for Don- metaphor for the hollowness in Johnson knowledging that he lib- ald Trump. himself. When a colleague questioned the erally borrowed others’; ARCHIVES/© NYP/GETTY IMAGES design principles behind Johnson’s odd plan Contributing editor Spencer Groundbreaking for the for One International Place in Boston, he Trump International Lee Lenfield ’12, currently a shot back, “I do not believe in principles, Hotel and Tower, 1995: doctoral student in compar- NEW YORK POST YORK NEW in case you haven’t noticed.” Pressed by a the eponymous ative literature at Yale, pro- diferent critic around the same time, he dealmaker, center, filed literature scholar Deidre fanked by Mayor Rudy declared, “I am a whore, and I am paid very Giuliani, left, and Lynch in the January-Febru- well for building high-rise buildings.” Johnson, right FRANCISSPECKER/ ary 2017 issue.

76 November - December 2018

Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 A LUMN I A L U M N I quick transitions, equipment and play zones in place, a repertoire of familiar games, and a capable “play coach.” At Laurel Elementary, Playworks pro- Please, Run! gram coordinator Tayla Muise leads all the recesses, striking that sweet spot between structured and free play that Vialet (pro- Social entrepreneur Jill Vialet ’86 on “positive chaos” and fixing recess nounced “violet”) enjoyed while growing up in the relatively leafy Cleveland Park section by nell porter brown of Washington, D.C. But while she played outside with peers every day, she finds that many students now don’t, regardless of so- n a sunny day in Oakland, spite many educators’ assertion that it posi- cioeconomic status. Whether that’s because California, more than a hundred tively afects academic achievement and social of digital devices, parental fear of “strang- kids at Laurel Elementary School and emotional development. Constrained er danger,” or objectively unsafe neighbor- spill outside for recess. They race budgets, and pressures to teach to standard- hoods, they lack “the breadth of knowl- Oacross the blacktop, screeching and laugh- ized tests, are partly to blame, and recess is edge about how to play or start games,” she ing, to jungle gyms, a basketball court, and a easy to curtail, especially if it’s a locus of con- says—and especially how to keep them go- LEGO Lair. Others grab hula hoops and jump flicts, as happens at many schools. ing after a disagreement. ropes, as two first-graders struggle to roll out a soccer net. “Isn’t it awesome!” says Jill Vi- alet ’86 (’87), founder and CEO of Playworks, a nonprofit that part- ners with schools to promote exercise and social and emotional health through recess. Many American schools now “don’t have recess, or they take it away” as a punishment, she explains. “But—you hear the kids? They need to be running around outside, screaming. And there’s chaos—but it’s a nice, positive chaos.” A multisport athlete and two- time national club-rugby champion, Vialet founded Playworks’ precursor, Sports4Kids, in 1996. She’s since scaled up the model, supported by more than $32 million in grants from the Robert Wood Johnson Founda- tion and a 2006 Ashoka fellowship. With nearly 700 employees in 23 ofces around the country, Play- For Jill Vialet, at “To ask public-school Playworks’ “games library” includes dodge works expects to reach 1.25 million Oakland’s Laurel teachers to create more time ball, four square, and freeze tag, Silly Fox Elementary School, children at 2,500 elementary schools play and work are for free play is challenging,” and Sneaky Statue; coaches teach them to this year—the majority from low- nearly synonymous. Vialet continues. “American classes individually, and then post the rules income families and neighborhoods. schools are being held ac- on the playground. And while coaches may Awareness of its programming, Vialet says, countable to a fairly narrow set of standards, participate in a game, they also step back and is largely through word-of-mouth; Play- and operating in a litigious world, and un- let kids direct the play. “It’s not helicopter- works contracts with individual schools as der-resourced, while being asked to solve and parenting,” Vialet is quick to say. “It’s more well as districts. Services range from on-site, address some of our major social ills—it’s a like a camp counselor, or the older kids in full-time “play coaches,” to staf trainings, total set-up.” Even though her sense is that the neighborhood, watching out.” to consultations; Playworks defrays poorer “recess has been making a steady comeback,” One motley group of Laurel second-grad- districts’ program costs through fundraising. in recent years, it typically lasts only 15 to 30 ers, for example, has been hooked on a hula- As of the Robert Wood Johnson Founda- minutes; the American Academy of Pediatrics hoop version of Ro Sham Bo Relay for two tion’s 2010 report “The State of Play,” perhaps recommends a daily minimum of an hour of ex- weeks; teams have already lined up at oppo- 40 percent of school districts had cut or re- ercise. Shorter recesses can be ample, Vialet site ends of 10 or so overlapping hula hoops. duced recess within the prior decade—de- says—if they are strategically organized, with One player from each side hops as fast as she

Photographs by Eric Kayne Harvard Magazine 77

Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 A LUMN I can through the hoops toward her opponent; “All the skills required for people to engage in when they meet, a quick round of rock-paper-scissors determines who advances. The civil society are things you learn in play.” fast-paced play develops hand-eye coordina- tion, balance, and gross-motor skills (a lot of which children more implicitly absorb that to HAND’s self-starting, integrated quality: the kids are still learning to hop), along with material through physical, social, and expe- the undergraduate Houses created their own the concept of boundaries, collective efort, riential modes. Role models like Muise, a soc- projects and alliances with Boston and Cam- and fair play. “They don’t really seem to keep cer athlete, Mills College graduate, and for- bridge communities. “It’s an interesting direc- score,” she notes, “or they’ll do it, and then mer foster-care child, help. “I fundamentally tional question—how do you see service?” she forget what the score is.” think that it’s about ‘norming,’” Vialet adds. notes. “Is it something you go somewhere else “I’m out!” one girl squeals happily, throw- “It’s experiential education where you have and do? Or is it something that’s part of the ing her hands in the air and trotting back grownups creating expectations” and show- fabric of your life?” to her teammates, who are cheering on the ing kids how to behave—“they want to be She took of junior year to travel in In- next girl in line. “Delight is in short supply like Coach Tayla because she’s active, and nice, dia, Nepal, and Japan, and then spent the in the world,” says a laughing Vialet, who and she likes everybody.” summer of 1986 in South Africa working on gives one player a hefty high five. “And for a her senior thesis: “a good Marxist, feminist lot of kids, the educational system is not a Vialet loved recess, and was “insane- tract on the economics and politics of female big source of delight.” ly competitive” when she took up serious reproductive healthcare in South Africa.” Vialet is not alone in afrming play’s sub- sports—field hockey and basketball and run- Once back in Cambridge, she wrapped up stantive life lessons. “Inclusion, conflict-res- ning track and cross-country—during high coursework for her special concentration school in Chevy Chase, (a combination of social studies, women’s Maryland. The day she studies, and medical sociology), earned a won the state champion- teaching credential through a Harvard part- ship, she came home and nership with Cambridge Rindge and Latin told her parents—John School, all while also leading HAND, and Vialet ’59 and Joyce [Cole] graduated in 1987. Those years of liberal-arts Vialet ’59, M.A.T. ’60— exploration, and subsequent time spent in “and my mother said, Alaska and Mexico, showed her that “there and I quote, ‘That’s nice, are so many unadvertised paths,” she says. dear, set the table.’” Vialet “So, it all had ‘no apparent purpose’”—the laughs again at how her dictionary definition of play—“and yet it opera- and art-oriented really was ultimately singularly important parents took it in stride. in my finding my own purpose.” “I think that’s part of why Because the Bay Area promised more ad- I did sports, too—it was venture than moving back home (and she my own thing; I did it be- could stay with her College roommate’s par- cause I wanted to. I inher- ents), Vialet landed in Berkeley after gradu- ited some of my parents’ ation. Then she began showing up at a pro- olution, taking turns, decision-making, self- Vialet aims to kind of benign-neglect gressive asset-management company “every regulation, self-awareness, collaboration, right-size play parenting. I think it’s today at 7 a.m., and kept asking, ‘Is there any- and recess in empathy,” she says. “All the skills required children’s lives. tally healthy.” thing I can do?’”—figuring she’d build on for people to engage in civil society are things At Harvard, she played her divestiture eforts at Harvard—until she you learn in play.” Studies of Playworks’ im- soccer, basketball, and rowed novice crew, was ofered a job. Within 10 months there, pact point to reduced incidents of bullying but quickly fell in love with rugby, an emerg- she learned that financial-services weren’t and playground fights, and increased stu- ing Radclife club sport. She liked the autono- for her, but maybe an idea and business plan dent classroom engagement. This year, a mous structure, and the “sort of ‘us against she’d developed, to make art a fundamental RAND Corporation report named it one of the world’ quality—these young women play- part of every child’s daily life, might work. only seven elementary-school interventions ing this gonzo sport, running around knock- That became the Museum of Children’s designed to promote social and emotional ing people down.” (She later played for the Arts, in Oakland, which she founded in 1991 learning skills (SELs, in education-policy Berkeley All-Blues, winning the National and led for a decade. While there, she met circles) that meet the “highest criteria for Club Championships twice, and toured Eu- with a principal concerned about three boys evidence of impact under the Every Student rope with the All-Stars team in 1992.) whose behavior on the playground was caus- Succeeds Act.” Perhaps her exuberant resourcefulness ing trouble and contributing to their self- “Usually academics think about levels of led Wayne Meisel ’82 to tap her to work for images as “bad kids.” She asked Vialet for SELs being taught didactically in the class- Harvard’s House and Neighborhood Devel- help. It struck Vialet then that thoughtfully room by a trained teacher delivering content opment Program (HAND), which he found- planned play, like art, had potential benefits, to children,” Vialet explains; Playworks ined as an alternative to the Phillips Brooks and that recess, if “tweaked,” would have a stead creates space and opportunities through House Association. Again, Vialet was drawn huge impact on entire school systems.

78 November - December 2018 www.alumni.harvard.edu

Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 LeavittA LUMN I These days, Playworks is still expanding, Established 1883 with Vialet’s partner, long-time nonprofit leader and activist Elizabeth Cushing, as its Leavitt president, primarily& Peirce in charge of operations. Leavitt That frees Vialet to focus on “vision, fund- Leavitt raising, and having big ideas.” During a 2016- 1316 Massachusetts Avenue &&Freshman PeircePeirce Smoker. Reprint of lithographer 17 fellowshipCambridge, at Stanford’s MAHasso 02138 Plattner In- Close, Graham & Scully’s 1911 depiction stitute of Design, she forged a new nonprofit, of Harvard “club life” and its “price to pay”. 617-547-0576 FRESHMAN SMOKER 13161316Reprinted MassachusettsMassachusetts on heavy matte AvenueAvenue stock. 34 1/16”& x Freshman Peirce Smoker. Reprint of lithographer Substantial. “At any moment, 10 percent of Cambridge,Cambridge, MAMA 0213802138 ReprintClose, Graham of lithographer & Scully’s Close, 1911 Graham depiction & Scully’s classrooms are led by substitute teachers,” 19 1/16”. Shipped tubed; $39.95 (plus $9.95 S&H). 617-547-0576617-547-0576 1911of Harvard depiction “club of Harvard life” and “club its “pricelife” and to its pay”. “price she asserts, “so kids spend a full year of their [email protected] 1316toReprinted pay”.Massachusetts Reprinted on heavy on heavymatte Avenue matte stock. stock. 34 1/16”34 1/16 x Freshman" Smoker. Reprint of lithographer K-12 education, and schools spend $4 billion Cambridge,x19 19 1/16”. 1/16 Shipped". $39.95MA tubed; 02138(plus S&H).$39.95 Shipped(plus $9.95 tubed. S&H).Close, Graham & Scully’s 1911 depiction of Harvard “club life” and its “price to pay”. a year, on subs, and 90 percent of districtsHarvard College John Harvard 617-547-0576 We’re now online at Reprinted on heavy matte stock. 34 1/16” x recaptured in ofer four hours or less in training.” A dig- Bookends. 19 1/16”. Shipped tubed; $39.95 (plus $9.95 S&H). ital platform to help teachers betterthis com famous- www.leavittandpeirce.comHarvardU.S.A. – Collegemade John Harvard municate with subs about classroomTercentenary cur- onlinerecapturedand exclusivelyshop, in store history and more Bookends. map by Edwin thisdesigned famous for U.S.A. – made riculum, workflow, and assignmentsJ. Schruersis in ’28. Leavitt & Peirce. Tercentenary Harvardand exclusively College John Harvard process. She’s also busy building a for-profitPainstakingly Antiqued brass HARVARD map by Edwin recaptureddesigned in for Bookends. Playworks division, Workswell, that appliesreproduced on over zinc. 7” h x J. Schruers ’28. thisTERCENTENARYLeavitt famous & Peirce. U.S.A. – made quality “antique” Painstakingly4”w x 6”d. Over Antiqued brass the games and play model to adults in the TercentenaryMAP and exclusively stock 33 5/8” x reproduced5 pounds each. on over zinc. 7” h x business sector. mapHarvard by Edwin recaptured designed for 24 1/4”. Shipped quality $150.00 “antique” per 4”w x 6”d. Over J.in Schruers this famous ’28. Leavitt & Peirce. Vialet works hard—but sometimestubed; plays $39.95 stock statuette 33 5/8” x(plus 5 pounds each. PainstakinglyTercentenar y map Antiqued brass harder. “In the nonprofit community, people(plus $9.95 S&H). 24 $12.95 1/4”. Shipped S&H). $150.00 per reproducedby Edwin J. on Schruers over zinc. 7” h x tubed; $39.95 statuette (plus do this martyr thing and work these ridicu- JOHN HARVARD BOOKEND quality’28. Painstakingly “antique” 4”w x 6”d. Over (plus $9.95 S&H). $12.95 S&H). lous hundreds of thousands of hours,” she Antiqued brass over zinc. 7" h x 4" w stockreproduced 33 5/8” on x quality 5 pounds each. says. “People are always surprised that I ac- x 6" d. Over 5 pounds each. $199.95 24“antique” 1/4”. Shipped stock 33 5/8" $150.00 per tually put in about 40 hours a week.” As a (plus S&H). USA made, exclusively for tubed;x 24 1 /$39.954". $39.95 (plus statuette (plus thought leader on play and an advocate for Leavitt & Peirce. Price is per bookend. (plusS&H). $9.95 Shipped S&H). tubed. $12.95 S&H). balanced lives for kids, she says, “practicing that yourself is important.” Compulsive list- making and integrated projects (e.g., Sub- stantial has ofce space at Playworks) is piv- otal, as is an annual silent retreat, and daily meditation and exercise—running, biking, weight-lifting; “I spend as much time outside as is humanly possible.” A solo hiking Did you know? trip to Yosemite this summer was followed by backpacking along Northern California’s Lost Coast Trail with Cushing, with whom she also has a blended family of five children. “Being a mom is a big part of my identity and mental energy and happiness,” she says—another piece of her balancing act. 50% of our

Back at Laurel Elementary, a fresh batch of kids, sprung for a 20-minute recess, fans out articles appear across the asphalt. “I just like humans who, like, run,” Vialet says. “My kids do it going from the dining room to the kitchen, to get milk.” It’s natural. Yet, in playgrounds, parks, only online. and backyards across America, kids are constantly admonished to stop running. “Oh, it’s so weird!” she adds. “So many school districts over the years have passed rules about no running, no tag. It’s mind-blowing.” Waving the kids forward, she calls out, “Run! Run!”— harvardmagazine.com then shakes her head. “Sometimes you really have to wonder about grownups.”

Harvard Magazine 79

Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 THE COLLEGE PUMP

Hand-Crafted

joined. Black tape on the handle evidences vardmag.com/kissinger-visit-12). Now, his further personalization: a more comfort- statecraft is explicated in Kissinger the Negotia- able gripping point. The initials G.A.F. CO, tor: Lessons from Dealmaking at the Highest Level branded into the handle and wooden shoul- (HarperCollins)—with a foreword by the der rest, indicate a job being done by George man himself. The authors, James K. Sebenius, A. Fuller—considered the founder of modern R. Nicholas Burns, and Robert H. Mnookin “Your wooden arm you hold outstretched general contracting, Armitage notes. (Other (of the Business, Kennedy, and Law Schools), to shake with passers-by.” Fuller projects: Pennsylvania Station, the Lin- co-direct the American Secretaries of State coln Memorial.) He wonders whether the hod Project, which interviews the emeriti to ex- was left behind by mistake, or as a deliberate plore how they worked, and intersects with his past summer, as Mass signature (“I like to think it’s the latter”). In related University programs on negotiation. Hall was shrouded in scafold- any event, it is “evidence of exhausting hu- In this case, Sebenius explained in a business- ing and protective netting, Pri- man labor. Given the time frame, this was school interview, “one distinctive and valu- mus was reminded of how ven- likely immigrant labor”—rediscovered at a able characteristic stands out”: “Before and Terable some Harvard buildings are—and of moment when “it’s important to be reminded during key negotiations, Kissinger would how much labor of what immigrants have given to Harvard both ‘zoom out’ to his broader strategy and went into their and America.” ‘zoom in’ to his individual counterpart, seek- construction. ing to bring the strategic and interpersonal A vivid together” to advance diplomatic aims. demonstra- Time may indeed heal, or at least lessen, tion of the latter In the wake of the wounds, elevating past reputations—espe- comes courtesy convulsions that shook American society cially after the past summer’s presidential of David H. Armitage, and this institution in the late 1960s—assas- diplomacy in Singapore and Helsinki. senior project manager for the House Re- sinations, urban upheaval, and the Vietnam newal program. In 2016, he reports, dur- disaster (see “A Time of Trauma,” Septem- ing the renovation of Winthrop House’s ber-October, page 22)—alumnus/professor Standish Hall (opened in 1914), the con- Henry A. Kissinger ’50, Ph.D. ’54, L ’55, nation- Charles w. collier, M.T.S. ’73, senior tractor, Lee Kennedy, called to say that al-security adviser and secretary of state in philanthropic adviser on Harvard’s devel- “something” had fallen from a previously the Nixon and Ford administrations, did not opment staf, died of Alzheimer’s disease inaccessible attic space. The something is work out a peaceful coexistence with Har- at 70, in August. Wealth in Families, his 2001 a hod: a metal trough mounted on a wood- vard. As global strategist, he efected détente book, dealt gently with delicate matters, and en handle, used to carry numberless bricks with the Soviet Union and the opening to has become a bible in his field. In The Boston to the workers who set them in mortar. As the People’s Republic of China, but is also Globe’s obituary, Bryan Marquard wrote that Armitage carried the assemblage back to associated with the bombing of North Viet- Collier had quipped, “Working with wealthy his ofce, he reports, a summer squall blew nam, the invasion of Cambodia, and seeming people, I take confession well.” Perhaps that up, and the drops of rain simply vanished indiference to the coup in Chile, the shatter- came from his Divinity School training. More into the desiccated wood. ing separation of Bangladesh from Pakistan…. likely, it reflected his old-school character. A close observer, Armitage noted that the Signs of thaw with alma mater manifested The last issue’s Pump noted a limerick war metal collar where the trough and handle in a class fiftieth-reunion event in 2000, and about neckties (page 76). Collier wouldn’t meet is wider than the wood (to allow for an appearance at a Sanders Theatre forum, have given a fig for the outcome: he looked ready disassembly?)—but that a worker had welcomed by President Drew Faust (see fabulous in his trademark bow ties (see har- jammed nails into the collar to keep them harvardmag.com/kissinger-12 and harvardmag.com/collier-12). !primus vi

80 November - December 2018 Photograph by Lydia S.C. Rosenberg/Harvard Magazine

Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 TREASURE

“ P a r t y A n i m a l s ” Drinking in style, from antiquity to the 1960s

ums’ exhibition “Animal-Shaped Vessels from the Ancient World: Feasting with Gods, Heroes, and Kings,” comprising drinking, serving, and pouring vessels from around the world.

“Animal vessels are inherently play- PEABODYMUSEUM ARCHAEOLOGYOF AND1916TL41968 ETHNOLOGY, ful,” Ebbinghaus says, inviting people to rup-spout bottle from the Moche culture in try out diferent identities and behaviors. South America takes the form of a spotted “But they’re also very serious.” Where the puma subduing a naked prisoner. It might Greeks’ animal-head mugs appear almost represent a real-life puma, or metaphori- cartoonish, other vessels, made of bronze cally, a Moche warrior (perhaps both). A or precious metals, are careful and intricate. humorously spherical (to modern view- Silver rhyta—horn-shaped vessels popular- ers) hippopotamus-shaped pitcher from ized by the Persians—seat elegant deer, li- Nubia, in present-day Sudan, was bur- ons, or grifns at their ends. These vessels ied among were exported, gifted, and employed in royalty, as

MUSEUM OF FINE ARTS, BOSTON, 1900TL41961.1 BOSTON, ARTS, FINE OF MUSEUM international diplomacy and conquest a symbol of throughout the Mediterranean. Per- strength and sian kings “would give out precious power. A culture metal vessels to reward service or not represented is to create obligation,” she continues. the one many view- “It would have been quite the status ers are most likely symbol, to be essentially named a royal to associate with drinking companion.” drinking horns: the The Greeks considered Persians “efem- Vikings. Real animal inate and luxury-loving”—uncivilized, to horns, consisting of their way of thinking—and never fully ad- keratin, rarely sur- nimals are ever-present in the opted rhyta, says Ebbinghaus. But drinking vive, Ebbinghaus human imagination; their imag- horns, she adds, have been associated with explains—making es have inspired tenderness, awe, prestige and ceremony throughout their his- the history of their levity, and violence. Painted ter- tory. The newest piece in the exhibition, a use a mystery. Aracotta drinking mugs shaped like the heads drinking horn made in the Soviet republic of !marina of eagles, pigs, braying donkeys, and other Georgia in 1960, was given to John F. Kenne- bolotnikova

animals animated ancient Greek sympo- dy by U.S.S.R. premier Nikita Khrushchev: (9179.447)TL41960.13 ART, OF MUSEUM METROPOLITAN THE sia, or drinking parties, doubling as masks “It was literally on the eve of the Cuban for the increasingly inebriated guests. “As missile crisis. Khrushchev is stationing the cup gets emptier and you lift it further, missiles in Cuba while inviting Kennedy you essentially transform into a donkey,” for a drink.” says Susanne Ebbinghaus, head of Asian Diferent animal-vessel traditions, and Mediterranean art at the Harvard Art extending as far as China, adapted the Museums. These objects and others are on Greek and Persian styles to local needs. view through January 6, part of the muse- Others emerged independently. A stir-

96 November - December 2018 All images courtesy of the Harvard Art Museums Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746 FEATURED TRIP FEATURED TRIP FEATURED TRIP

CHINA FAMILY TOUR HMSC GALÁPAGOS GREECE FAMILY JUN 21 – JUL 3, 2019 FAMILY ADVENTURE ODYSSEY ON Choose Your ON LA PINTA RUNNING ON WAVES STUDY LEADER: Ambassador (Ret.) JUN 23 – JUL 2, 2019 JUN 19 – 28, 2019 R. Nicholas Burns STUDY LEADER: STUDY LEADER: Family Adventure Brian D. Farrell Jonathan L. Walton with Harvard Alumni Travels

Take your family on the adventure of a lifetime, whether it’s sailing through the Galápagos Islands, visiting the Great Wall of China, or embarking on an odyssey through Greece. Join like-minded travelers and let Harvard’s experts give you a front-row seat to an experience you and your family won’t soon forget.

FULL TRIP LIST: alumni.harvard.edu/travel +1 617-496-0806 | [email protected]

Alumni Travels Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746

HAA 19-8064 Travels Harvard Mag Ad Nov/Dec 18_V4_rev.indd 1 9/20/18 4:43 PM

181113_HAA_Travel.indd 1 9/21/18 2:46 PM INVEST IN THE FUTURE WITH HARVARD. RECEIVE AN ANNUAL ANNUITY FOR LIFE.

CALL 800-446-1277 • EMAIL [email protected] • VISIT ALUMNI.HARVARD.EDU/ANNUITIES

UDO 19-4854 Reprinted from Harvard Magazine. For more information, contact Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746

181117_UPG.indd 1 9/26/18 9:31 AM