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Template Cover Master's Thesis 30Hp Calculation model for energy and fuel consumption of waste transports in Sweden Master’s thesis in Supply Chain Management Changyu Qian Rodem Uca DEPARTMENT OF TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT AND ECONOMICS DIVISION OF SERVICE MANAGEMENT AND LOGISTICS CHALMERS UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Gothenburg, Sweden 2021 www.Chalmers.se Report No. E2021:084 REPORT NO. E 2021:084 Calculation model for energy and fuel consumption of waste transports in Sweden Changyu Qian Rodem Uca Department of Technology Management and Economics Division of Service Management and Logistics CHALMERS UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Gothenburg, Sweden 2021 Calculation model for energy and fuel consumption of waste transport in Sweden Changyu Qian Rodem Uca © Changyu Qian, 2021. © Rodem Uca, 2021. Report no. E2021:084 Department of Technology Management and Economics Chalmers University of Technology SE-412 96 Göteborg Sweden Telephone + 46 (0)31-772 1000 Gothenburg, Sweden 2021 Calculation model for energy and fuel consumption of waste transports in Sweden. Changyu Qian Rodem Uca Department of Technology Management and Economics Chalmers University of Technology SUMMARY Although the high-quality tools used for environmental impact measurement of transport are well developed and widely used nowadays, there are fewer academic studies which focus on waste transport. This thesis aims to develop a data collection and analysis model for energy and fuel use of waste transports in Swedish municipalities. The framework was inspired by the calculation process of the NTM model (The Network for Transport Measures), which mainly studied two parts. The first part introduced the input factors which impact the energy and fuel usage in waste transportation, while the second one analysed how each factor in the model quantitatively impacts the energy and fuel consumption. Based on the analysis, the calculation model was developed. In order to analyse the different input parameters, a literature study was performed, where relevant information was extracted and compiled. In addition, one interview and two workshops were conducted with project managers in order to gain further knowledge about the subject. As for the model development, the Microsoft Excel and the Excel VBA are used for the theoretical framework visualisation. The testing of the model was conducted together with Chalmers Industriteknik using the data provided by municipalities in Sweden. Since the model development is still in the initial stage of the project, which means there are some improvements that should be done in further studies, some recommendations were provided at the end of the report. Keywords: calculation model, energy and fuel consumption, sustainability, waste transportation, input parameters, standardized system Acknowledgment We would like to thank everyone that has been involved and contributed to this thesis. We would want to express our deep and sincere grateful to Jessica Wehner, our supervisor from Chalmers Industriteknik, not only for giving us the opportunity to do this thesis but also for providing valuable guidance during the research, and Nina Modig, our supervisor from Chalmers side, for her helpful guidance and input to this thesis. Their help enables us to complete the thesis smoothly. We extremely appreciate Peter Årnes from City of Gothenburg and Hafdis Jonsdottir from Chalmers Industriteknik, for providing us significant data and inspiration for the calculation model in the thesis. We are also highly thankful to Violeta Roso from Chalmers University, for her guidance of the thesis report and kind reminder of compulsory items in this semester. Furthermore, we would thank our friend Hui Jing who provided technical support about Excel VBA to us. Changyu Qian & Rodem Uca Gothenburg, Sweden 28th May 2021 Table of Contents 1 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 RESEARCH BACKGROUND .................................................................................................................................. 1 1.2 AIM AND RESEARCH QUESTIONS ....................................................................................................................... 2 1.3 RESEARCH SCOPE ................................................................................................................................................ 2 1.4 THESIS OUTLINE .................................................................................................................................................. 3 2 FRAME OF REFERENCE ........................................................................................................................ 4 2.1 WASTE COLLECTION AND CLOSED LOOP LOGISTICS ....................................................................................... 4 2.1.1 Waste generation ......................................................................................................................................... 4 2.1.2 Waste collection ............................................................................................................................................ 5 2.1.3 Waste disposal ............................................................................................................................................... 6 2.2 IMPORTANCE OF SUSTAINABILITY AND SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORTATION ................................................. 7 2.3 CURRENT ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND CO2 EMISSION MODELS ................................................................ 8 2.3.1 The Network for Transport Measures - NTM ................................................................................... 9 2.3.2 Vehicle Energy Consumption Calculation Tool - VECTO ............................................................. 9 2.3.3 COPERT .......................................................................................................................................................... 10 2.3.4 EcoTransIT World Calculation ............................................................................................................ 11 2.3.5 Comparison among different traffic assessment models ......................................................... 12 2.4 COMPARISON AMONG DIFFERENT ENERGY SOURCES .................................................................................. 13 3 METHODOLOGY .................................................................................................................................. 16 3.1 RESEARCH FRAMEWORK ................................................................................................................................ 16 3.2 CALCULATION PROCESS DERIVED FROM NTM. ........................................................................................... 17 3.3 DATA COLLECTION ........................................................................................................................................... 18 4 EMPIRICAL FINDING .......................................................................................................................... 20 4.1 THE CURRENT WASTE MANAGEMENT IN SWEDEN ..................................................................................... 20 4.2 VEHICLES THAT ARE CURRENTLY USED FOR WASTE TRANSPORTS IN SWEDEN. .................................... 21 4.3 THE CURRENT WASTE TRANSPORT SYSTEM ................................................................................................ 24 5 ANALYSIS ............................................................................................................................................... 31 5.1 THE SUMMARY OF CURRENT SITUATION ...................................................................................................... 31 5.1.1 The challenges which municipalities face ...................................................................................... 31 5.1.2 The requirements towards a standardized system in the future ......................................... 32 5.2 CALCULATION MODEL BUILDING ................................................................................................................... 32 5.2.1 Input parameters ....................................................................................................................................... 32 5.2.2 Formulas for energy and fuel consumption in waste transports ......................................... 34 5.2.3 Calculation Model for Energy and Fuel Consumption of Waste transports .................... 37 6 DISCUSSION .......................................................................................................................................... 39 6.1 STRENGTHS ....................................................................................................................................................... 39 6.2 WEAKNESSES ................................................................................................................................................... 39 6.3 PRACTICALITY .................................................................................................................................................. 40 7 CONCLUSION AND FUTURE RECOMMENDATIONS ................................................................... 41 7.1 CONCLUSION ..................................................................................................................................................... 41 7.2 FUTURE
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