Wa5pj5 Kn[S2 Wkq8i4 Serving the Inuit of Nunavik

sW3zn6 @))# kwb6 ^$ SPRING 2003 ISSUE 64

csp/cEx5yxi6 µr Rediscovery of cru4 Maggie Qaki mr{[f5 x3ÇAbµ3ystui4 Makivik AGM vtmiz5 S[3igu in Puvirnituq srs3bgu x8NsmNhx3iu4 Arctic survival woãAᑏ5 program xJe5gwp3Jxu4 Interview with xW3§/3bc3i6 the Bishop xyZñlq9l¡ And much more!

WA5pJ5 kN[s2 wkq8i4 Serving the Inuit of Nunavik mr[4 fxSᕇn8 mr[4 kNogò5 tudtQ?z5 to/sAtc3ym5hi r=Zg3ixt9lA Ì4fNi s9lt8i / THIS SEASON yKjx5ty?9oxlil wkw5 WAm/q8i4 kN[7u. wMsJdtgxc3g6 wk8i4 W?9odtÌ3ymJi4 èuy Ñ x7ml fÑ4 b3Czi xqc- 4vi x3ÇAu sW3znsJ6FsW3¯aJ6 xsMp/s5Jtc˜3gnso3S6 tŒ8isymJu5. mr[4 w2WQ/cExc3S6 vJytbs5yxm¯b Wix3ioEi4f5 wkoEi4f5 WsygcoEi4fl W?9odtÌEym/q5 xqctŒ8if5. bxuEvus5 sNb3iE/zi4 ÉC4usi4, v2WxhxN3gu4 xsM5yi3jl eg3qsChx3iu9l ®Ns/i4 st3[sAt5n/i4 wkw5 ñ5yymicMs3ht4 xuEvus5 ÉC4usi4 sNbstu8i4 xuh3JxÇl8i4 wMsA8Nyd9lQ5 b3Cu ®Ns/3tA5 mrbZhx3ij5. gdêAtoxEm/ui4 gipd5hQ5 xq3bsc/1qNu4 sNb3iyMs3mb. Makivik Corporation Nf3m5 Ö8N sNb3isJ6 wf9MsuQx3ymo3g6 Ì?5hml wkq5 Makivik is the ethnic organization mandated to represent and promote the interests of Nunavik. Its membership is composed of the Inuit beneficiaries ãmi3bc3inu4 wªyc˜DNso3S5. yM3Jxusoµ5yxl5bs6 of the James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement (JBNQA). Makivik’s ckw1qyx3gnsi3ËozJu4 whµlAtcd/soMsEK5 m8N responsibility is to ensure the proper implementation of the political, social, ci7my6 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)–u4 Ö/sJ6 and cultural benefits of the Agreement, and to manage and invest the monetary compensation so as to enable the Inuit to become an integral part c9lˆtg5 h3êicc5bg6 wª2 xi3tEAtq8i4 W5Jbst9lA, of the northern economy. vNbul xy5til ci7mg5 wMq5 xJoc5bifq8k5. mr[4 eu3Dxq5 bm4fxa5nClx3tlQ5 fÑ4us5 iDxD8Ng5 iDx3if5 ᐲ3yoM- mr[4f5 eu3Dxq5 kwbs?2S5 mr[s2 gnC3nix3[zk5. gis3c- sEK5 fÑ4f5 v?mQ?5bq8i4 PQ–fi4 wop¯3ht4 Liberal–f8i4 bs?5g5 xrc3tNQ5 wk8k5 W?9odt5n/o8k5 èuy Ñu fÑ9l ÉEo !$-aMs3gu, ÖàoZlx3tlQ5 sz?us5 r4Zg3tz5 b3Czi xqctŒ8iu4. bf8NbsJ5 whmQ/sJ9l b=Zi mr[4 fxSᕇns2 S3gi3nq5b whmQ/gw8NE1qbq5. g1zh5tyKA5 x9MoD5y uyx9 og3ª PQ-fi Wix3ioEpsJ6 iDx3bso3eMs3g6 eu3Dxos3tj5, gnC5ni4 x9Max3ymJi9l, x5paxi9¬8î5. xᑏy, Wix3ioEî5 sç/s7mE8icMsEK5 µ5psMs3gu mr{[f5 gÇDty GyMᑏ5H, sçMstyl x9McystlQ5. x3ÇAbµ3ystu8i4 vtmi7mEc3tlQ5 S[3igu, s9loµ5yxZM7u Makivik Magazine vtmJ5 scctŒAtcMsJ7mb kN[s2 v?m5nzi4. vtmis2 Makivik Magazine is published quarterly by Makivik’s Information Department. It is distributed free of charge to Inuit beneficiaries of the JBNQA. The s9lq5b ra9oÙz8i iDx3icMsJ7uJ5 xzJ3çnzi mr{[s2, opinions expressed herein are not necessarily those of Makivik Corporation Öà7ml d[xhA5p?K5 Wb ᐋbu, iDx3bso3eMsJ7m5 mr{[f8i4 or its Executive. We welcome letters to the editor and submissions of yKoEx9Mixo3ut9lA iDx3bsm[QQxooµui. articles, artwork, or photographs. Please include your full name, address, and telephone number. eu3Dxb yM2Wxzi si4vsyE/K5 st3tyisymJ6 x5nQ/sJu4 x/flQ/sJu9l xfixl4 xysp/smJ[i3u4, mr{[f5 S3gi3nq5 Wb ᐋbu, xzJ3ç6 si4vsyE/sJ6 ui fºj5 W7uJ6, srs3bgul x8NsmAy3i4 ÷i Wb, xzJ3ç2 gzoz W5nb3[ni4 won3bsî5 WNhZc3tyc5bMsEK5 wk8i4 mò8iu4 WA8Nyx3gi4, WD3Xoxt5yi3i4 WA5p[7u x7ml si4vsy3bcEK6 kN[7u cspn3iu4 WA5p[s2 ᐋbu xMf, xzJ3ç2 gzoz mrbZhx3if5 WD3Xoxt5yi3u4 WA5p[7u gryt5yAtq8i4 ka3c/1qgi4 h4fN3gÌ3tyymAtsJi4 ᐋ8bi w5gñ5, ®Ns/oEp srs3bgu, bm4fx Öà4vlx3tlQ5, wkw5 iegw8Nn/q5 ÷p Ít, x9Mt ho ie5yxai3Xsq8Nd5 tuj9l Wsi3Xsq8Nht4. Makivik Executive Pita Aatami, President Johnny Peters, Resource Development Vice-President his past spring will be Adamie Alaku, Economic Development Vice-President Tremembered as the time Anthony Ittoshat, Treasurer that the US waged war on George Berthe, Secretary Iraq, after a tense standoff mr{[f5 WNh5toµq8i4 Nf3nmE8it8i4 cspm/sdpKA5, xyoµq8il in which the US demanded W[Qc5bMs3bt8i4 gn3tyAt5ni4 x9MbsJ5ni9l eu3Dxox5ti4 W5yxymt5yicMs3gi4. that Iraq give up its weap- We wish to express our sincere thanks to all Makivik staff, as well as to ons of mass destruction. all others who provided assistance and materials to make the production of Thankfully, the fighting has this magazine possible. gñ5yxXQ5 gry5yxhQ9l¡ GEORGE BERTHE calmed down and there is eu3Dxos3t / Editor I hear you loud and clear! Ù2 uxh / Bob Mesher hope that people in that part of the world will be gnc5bstAtoEi3u4 WNh5t / Communications Officer øn dW3Dxl4 / Lisa Koperqualuk able to live in peace. There was also a public health global alert, scsys2 É2Xk5 k5tEº5/ Translation as cases of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) were mE-yyx9 XC§3 / Marie-Cécile Brasseur reported, with victims dying in Canada and abroad. Meanwhile, ᐋi s4W4 / Annie Okpik Quebec voters replaced the PQ government with a Liberal govern- µb csÜ / Martha Kauki çpx rosb6 / Harriet Keleutak ment on April 15th, although our Ungava riding re-elected Michel ᐄ? Wl3©5 / Eva Pilurtuut Letourneau of the PQ. ñu Sgo4 / Sammy Putulik Politics were also at the forefront of the Makivik AGM in eu3DxD3bsJ5 / Layout Puvirnituq this past March, as nearly one full day of the meet- w5yx5tC tã8f8k5 / Etsetera Design ing was devoted to a future Nunavik government. An election for x9MymJ1awAbsmJ5 mr{[f5 gnc5bstAtoEi3u4 WA5p[zk5 president was also held on the last day of the AGM, and we con- Published by the Makivik Information Department P.O. Box 179, Kuujjuaq, Quebec gratulate Pita Aatami, who was re-elected to lead the Corporation J0M 1C0 Canada for another term. sçMstz / Telephone: (819) 964-2925 Our cover story for this issue is about the rediscovery of

x5pax6 yM2Wxü5g6: µr cr bf5nstyAtc3g6 a long-lost aunt, by Minnie Grey. Meanwhile, an Arctic survival wko3bi4 srs3bgu9l. x5paxdtz ui fº2. course is providing jobs for experienced Inuit hunters, while we

eu3Dxq5 Cover photo: Maggie Qaki promoting Inuit and the also have a story from the Nunavik Research Centre describing Arctic. Photo compliments of Minnie Grey. how, although POPs are contaminating the North, country food

mr[4f5 ISSN 1481-3041 is still the healthiest. 2 wloq5 / Contents

sW3zn6 @))# SPRING 2003 srs3bgu x8Nsmi3u4 woãAᑏ5 kwb6 ^$ ISSUE 64 Arctic Survival Training 4

Wix3iK5 Piniarnivut 8

sNb3gn6 ¥M Ér Corporal Sheila Ikey 11

kNu4 tAux3ᑏ5 Landholding Corporations 14

w3csm5yi6 x/fl7u4 Tribute to an Aunt 17

mr{[f5 x3ÇAbµ3ystui4 vtmiz5 sfx wo8ixEx1zg5 mr{[f5 x3ÇAbµ3ystui4 vtmizk5 S˜ExMsJ5 21 BOB MESHER wo8ix[z8i S[3igu vt1zt9lQ5 µ5p @%-u5 @* tr5hA. gkxi bf5nsJ5 The Mavivik AGM wo5yA8Nbgw8Nui4 wo8ixᑏ5 nN/[iq5, wMst9lA c/6, bm4fx w¬8Nt4 wo8ixtk5 S[3ig3usk5 nN/symK5. This group of kindergarten students visited the Makivik annual general meeting that wkgò5Fs[Z3gw5 vtmi3Jxz5 was held in their school in Puvirnituq this past March 25th to 28th. The crafts in the Elders / Youth Conference 28 background, including the kayak, were all made by Puvirnituq’s individual paths to learning students. xJe5gwp3Jxu4 xW3§/3bc3i6 Interview with the Bishop 32

sN hNV / WHAT IS THIS? cspn3iu csp/symJ5 Research Observations 45 McstÌD8NSt5FñM8îAtÌD8NSt5 ßuz x5paxu4F ñx5pdtu4 hNs7m¯5 NMs5ylxgxD[5. hNsJE5yi3k5 kN[7us5 x9MymJdtq5 NMs5yQxDtt5 x9Mb3[f5 xs9Mt9lQ5 sKz gÇ3lt4 Nunavik Notes 58 “Mystery Photo Contest” x5paxu4 NlN3gu4 Wos5pAtc3i6 s?i gÇDtu. WJ8NyxdN3St5¡ s[Z3gw5 You could win $100 if you guess what this mysterious Youth 70 picture is. Mail your answer to “Mystery Photo Contest” at the address shown below. Good Luck!

NMsbsQx˜3g6 ƒ4Jxu xj/sQx3li ie5ygi, * * * * * * Ôi @&, @))#-ao3X5 lwn XsJq ñMcstÌ3g[i6 R!))-i4 NMs5ylx3hi Drawing will be held in Ì5huz u3hÔu4. xyq5bs6 xyq8i4 ñMcstb3iuJ5 sfx Kuujjuaq on Friday, ºu fxb, ᐋi coa, fE+ᑏ8 ÏjC8 x7ml yÌ8o b3exW4 June 27th, 2003. fÌ4 w¬8Nt4 NMs5ñbsJi4 NMs5yu5ht4.

x5paxu4 NlN3gu4 Louisa Pauyungie won Wos5pAtc3i6 $100 for correctly guess- mr{[f5 ing this sewing machine. gnc5bstAtoEi3u4 Other prizes were won by WA5p[z5 Jimmy Gordon, Annie Qalingo, Mystery Photo Contest Christine Cameron, and Makivik Information Stanley Tukkiapik Kotak for Department their correct answers. P.O. Box 179 Kuujjuaq, QC J0M 1C0

ñM8îAtÌQx9ä5 / BONUS PRIZES magazine m3Î4 s[iÎ4 Év9Mø4 m3Îl Nñ4 t3exø4 www.makivik.org Two T-shirts and two baseball caps. MAKIVIK 3 srs3bgu x8NsmNh8iu4 won3bsi6 wk5tAxzJu4

Ù2 uxh x9Mbq5 Arctic Survival Training the Inuit Way

By Bob Mesher SAMMY KUDLUK

u§qgxᐲ5 wkgw8Nsq5g5 N7ui6 w9lo/ui4 elatively few non-Inuit have ever built his or her own igluq xyi5b[cMs3ymK5, ryxi wkw5 cz5bÔq5b syv5btz5 Rand slept in it, but Air Inuit messenger Patrick Quesnel has. Patrick Quesnel/Ù5E4 rix9 Öà5ymJ6. cz5bÔ3tsJ6 Quesnel, a qualified pilot who hopes to eventually fly airplanes srs3bgul cz5bÔ3XAm5hi, wonDmyMsJ6 µ5psMs3gu in the North, decided to take the same Arctic Survival Training cz5bÔ3tq5b wkw5 cz5bÔq5 won3Xbzi x3CAi Course this past March that other Air Inuit crew have been tak- Wz§o3gi. kN[7üQs5yxhil. ing for the past three years. It was also his first time ever in ‘bricCm Wz§J3g5 woá5 szÌk5, w9lo/C Wz§J3g5 Nunavik. wtá5 ybmQx9äl,’ ÖàoJ6 w3csm5hil wkw5 woãpq5 “I am six-foot-three, and my igluq was six-foot-four inches sbesa3Ög[isQxq5, Wlx3gu woã5ht4 ck6 wo/s§a- in diameter,” he said, recalling how patient his Inuit instructors Qxq8i4 ra9oÙ4 n[s÷3ymÔ4. ‘W/Exr5©ANs÷Clx3X5 were, especially when it was time to show him how to insert the n[s/3gxosEx6, W/Exr5©/q5g6. yduZ4r5, wJyc5bhb last couple of pieces to complete the roof. “It might seem easy to WQxoey7uhz- Wzh[5hz, ybm5, wMzix9˜5 b9om[5hz cut the snow blocks, but it is not that easy. When I broke them, ExcgxCm.’ we laughed about it as I tried again — three, four, even five times xWE/sZu x8NsmZhx3i6 w2WQ/q8i4 hNgw8Ni4 if I had to.” xy5psuym7m¯5, wào7uJ6, ‘swm÷1qi3nsQxc3gA5. When asked whether the survival experience has changed swmq¯3hi W5yxChx3hi6 Wsi3nsJ6, swmgw8Nlt5 his outlook on things in any way, Quesnel explained, “I think we WNhx3Ö5 W5yxymMzqg6. should take our time more. It is better to take your time to do a m3Do3Mu &$*u cz5bÔ3t Pierre Lambert/Wx ˜7Wx, good job because if you rush, sometimes what you have to do will Öà5gu4 won3ymJ6, wkw5 cz5bÔ3tq8i cz5bÔ3tso3g6 not be done very well.” x3CAi !#i. won3ymo3hiÅ6 x5bâoQx9Mg6 s2WDh8iz Hawker Syddeley 748 Captain Pierre Lambert, who partici- xsMQxcqi3u4 srs3bgu xgw8NsZi. cz5bÔu9l wrm- pated in the same training session, has flown for Air Inuit for the Ji4 s3ÚJi4 x8kÇ3ymdp5hi, es8Nq5gu w5y?ixExu4 past 13 years. He says the course has reinforced the importance iEsQ/cClxDt4. ‘whxˆ3gi4 hN4ftc3Nz xs9MEx3is/qgz,’ of never travelling in the North unprepared. He also recommends that passengers dress warmly, even though they expect to be seated comfortably inside an aircraft. “I would never go without the proper equipment,” he said, questioning the wisdom of anybody travelling in only a T-shirt and a light jacket. “Even if there is a blizzard in a place such as Salluit, and you have to walk from the airport into town, it can be very rough,” he said. The foremost thing that Arctic survival training stresses is how to avoid getting into trouble in the first place, but then also how to keep your wits and endure the circumstances should an accident or an incident occur. For example, as Lambert now recommends, whenever anyone is travelling in the North, or even just going for a walk on the land, they should always let some-

body know where they are going and stick to their plan. “If you magazine

eu3Dxq5 tell them you are going left, it will do no good if you then decide Ù5E4 ris9 n[s/Es3nJ6. COMPLIMENTS: PATRICK QUESNEL COMPLIMENTS: PATRICK to go right,” he said. Patrick Quesnel learning to cut snow blocks. mr[4f5 The Nunavik Arctic Survival Training Centre (NASTC) started MAKIVIK 4 5 yr©tA5 xsMJ5 vq3hu wKp[7j5 ci5gu. BOB GEARING A snowmobile ride on the bay near Ivujivik.

ÖàoJ6, yä5gdtc3hi xsMJi4 Éq5gu4 s[iD3ym5ht4 up in 2000 when a group of Puvirnituq leaders met to try and come sov5ÌW7ul. ‘W3yogx3m5 s5©tQlA n9li, u{[zi5 up with some way to create jobs for the local Inuit by attracting WhQxc3lt4 kNozk5, x3hD8NmEZ/3g6,’ Öào5hil. tourists to their community, realizing that they also needed to W9MEsi3Ùu4 srs3bgu x8Nsmi3j5 woãi6 bring in clients for their community’s large new CO-OP hotel. scsyc7mE5g5 ck6 whw9oÖomi3u4 yK9oÙu, gzoxil Deciding on the idea of creating a survival training program, w2WAh5yxChx3iu4 ckw5gü8iEo3Öl wª[QA8NlA Wi3ln3iD5y they recruited the services of retired Canadian Army Sergeant whw9ogc5nX9lî5. s5©tAlA, M7Wx wà5gndtco3g6, Mario Aubin, who was previously very involved with the Canadian rNgw8N6 srs3bgu xsMMzAi, Whgw8NClxDil kNu, Northern Rangers and had experience with other Arctic military cspmt5¥NExo4 Njzi3ui4 naA8âlil gÇ3i[i3ui5. expeditions. Aubin drafted a curriculum outline for the training ‘nsu7j5 wqCix3iCgxD[5, x©tcqg6 bo3Wxk¯6 wq- program, which was refined by a team of 15 to 20 Inuit elders, CyA[5,’ ÖàoJ6. temporary directors, and future guides. “As it is,” said Aubin, “the kN[7u srs3bgu x8Nsmi3u4 woã[4 WQx3bsMsJ6 Inuit have the expertise. Now is a chance for them to pass this @)))at9lA S[3igus5 yKo3tq5 vt5ht4 whm5nys3tlQ5 knowledge on to non-Inuit.” WNhÛ3i4 kw5yAt5ni4 isDX5g5 kNoz8ªosuAt5ni4, Air Inuit, the Puvirnituq CO-OP, and the Municipal Village gry5ht9l xuhi4 yi5bg5ni4 kNo7uª3gcc5bExcExz of Puvirnituq, with the support of the Northern Quebec CO-OP xqJxl7u4 kÌu4 fxXz5 yi5b[co3tlA. Federation (FCNQ), each provided $5,000, for a total of $15,000 grÌCu4 kw5yQxu4 x8NsmZhx3iu4 woãicExu4, for start-up funds. Today, NASTC is a proudly Inuit-owned and WNh5tÌMsJ5 k3cymo3gu4 vNbu sNb3tn[i3u4 Sergeant managed non-profit organization. During the past year, they took Mario Aubin/mEÔ sÑ8 wMsc5bym9ME5gu vNbu srs3bgu in $141,000 worth of revenue without accumulating any debts. sNb3tn4fk5 wMsc5bym5hil xyq8i srs3bgu sNb3tã5 Instructors and guides are paid for their work with customers, xsMic3tlQ5. sÑ8 ᐋ3eQx9˜[o8i4 xgw8ND3tQoMsJ6 some of whom come from as far away as France and England, woãAt5ni4, xeQx9˜/s5hil !%i5 @)k5 wk8k5 thanks to recently opened offices in those countries. Up to now, most of their Arctic survival clientele have been Air Inuit staff. However, as Puvirnituq Mayor Paulusie Novalinga explained during a presentation to the Makivik annual general meeting (AGM) in March, they feel that everyone who works in the North, and has other people in their care, should take a survival course. This includes not only airline personnel, but also others such as police officers, medical workers, tour guides, geologists, as well as personnel from other organizations. NASTC hopes to receive Arctic Survival customers in the near future from the Canadian Army and the RCMP, and also to eventu-

ally teach a tree line survival program for Hydro-Québec workers. magazine

eu3Dxq5 Their presentation, which received a warm round of applause from wo8ixt5yAtc3i6 W3gu w9loi3u4¡ PATRICK QUESNEL PATRICK the AGM audience, sought to raise awareness of the importance Demonstrating how to build an igluq, in a white-out! mr[4f5 of survival training and possibly attract additional customers. MAKIVIK 4 5 srs3bgu x8NsmZhx3i6 Arctic Survival Training

wkgc3k5, grjx5typsMs3ggk5, xsM5ypsc5bg5nk9l. ‘Öà5hi,’ sÑ8 wàoJ6, ‘wkw5 cspmsyc9ME5g5. W[5nco3ht9l csp/st5yi3u4 bmguz cspmsy3ui4 wkgw8Nsq5gk5.’ wkw5 cz5bÔq5, S[3i©2 fxXz, vtmpq5 S[3igu, wvJ3y/s5ht4 wMŒn4fk5, xgi5 R%,)))i4 kw5yht4, vt5ht4 R!%,))) WQxDtsyMsJ5. s9lu, srs3bgu x8NsmZhx3iu4 woãi6 WJEsts5hi wk8k5- N7u7iE/so3g6 çq3ifos3tsZil tuoxaymo3hi. x3CÅMs3gu, WMs3g5 - R!$!,)))i4, xro5nosCt9l. woãº5 xsM5ypq9l xro3bs?5g5 vmQ/coCu4, wMq5 szy5gxl7usè5 AwAw5 kNz8i5 w1M8ul, c7uf5 x9M[5Ìymo3ht9l Ì?i. xu§i3ã5 srs3bgu x8Nsmi3u4 won3ymJ5 wkw5 cz5bÔq5b WNh5tq5. Clx3tlA, S[3igus5 yKo3tz5 ÷8 M{ø+, bf8NZ5nos3t sçps5hil bMᕖn4f5 kwb§i c9lˆtg5

Xsly k?o1z6 scomMsJ6 mr{[s2 vtmi7mEzi wnDw5 vNbs2 eMzî4fi, xStu4 w9loQs3nJ6. MARIO AUBIN m5pst9lA, whmQ/c3iC3hi rNoµ4f5 WNh5g5 John Lovelace, producer and host of the TV show, Wings Over Canada, learns to build an igluq. srs3bgu vmQ/cExcht9l xyui4, won3gnsQxq5 x8NsmZhx3iu4. cz5bÔoEi3ugw8Nsq5g6, SøyZã5, ᐋ8ixys3ᑏ5, mòt5yº5, kNu4 cspn3ᑏ5 xyq8il tusJi One other important source of exposure that NASTC WNh5ᑏ5. received was on the television program Wings Over Canada, a srs3bgu x8NsmZhx3iu4 woãi6 c7uf5 iEsQ/cDm7uJ5 popular show viewed all over North America. Theirs was also one of only four Wings Over Canada programs that are now also available on DVD. NASTC also has a web site (www.nastc.ca) where people around the world can learn about their specialized services. As explained on their web site, besides their winter survival courses, NASTC also offers First Aid training, summer survival, guide training, a navigation course, as well as adventure expeditions and trips for eco-tourists. Their present board of directors is made up of Paulusi Novalinga, Aisara Kenuajuak, Peter Ittukalak, Adamie Sivuarapik, Juani Uqaituq, Jakusi Ittukalak, and James Novalinga. Air Inuit Twin Otter Captain David Palfreeman was among those who took the Arctic Survival training in the spring of 2002. He has flown for Air Inuit since 1993. He says his group learned how to wait out for search and

BOB GEARING mEÔ sÑ8l kbÇl4 wè5gl mòt5ypQ/sMsÔ4 w1M8usk5 mò1axtk5. rescue in the event that they should have to land some- Mario Aubin and Nutaraaluk Iyaituk provided guide services for British adventurers. where out on the tundra. “It was basically trying to get an appreciation for how easy it is to get lost and how to woãi3u4 vNbu sNb3tni5 Sr3bo8il, woãA8NyCb3lt9l ˆÙ3gw5 r9oq8i x8Nsmi3u4 f8ixt4f5-fÑ4u WNh5tq8i4. scsyE/q5, xoxQ/s7mEMsJ5 Xt5bDts5htx9˜5 vtmi7mE7ügk5, gryosut5yAmJ5 W9MEsizi4 x8Nsmi3u4 woãis2 sX5bsosuAm5ht9l. W9MEs7uJ6 cspm/sAtQ5his4 x8NsmZhx3iu4 woãi6 bMᕖn4f5 bf5nsMsJiz Ö/sJu wnDw5 vNbs2 d˜i, vNboµu xuxpvi9l bf5ns?5gf5. ybà8âl kwbsymt9lQ5 bf8NC5nf5 kÌtA5 wMQ/sy- m5hi N7ui3ÌE/slt4 is[xaA8Ngi. cEbs/t9lA

bf5nsA8NuJ5 Nigw8N6 yM3Jxu euDA8Nt9lQ5 magazine

eu3Dxq5 WA5pAtq5 ckw5©m¯b. gryN3tbs7m5 cEbs/4f5 bf8Nt5ystq8i4, xyxA5 Wx3 ˜7Wx wh3EJ6 w9l[Z3u. mr[4f5 COMPLIMENTS: PIERRE LAMBERT srsu woãAtq5b, srs3bgu x8NsmZhx3iu4 woãiz5 MAKIVIK Pierre Lambert in the comfort of an igluq. 6 7 srs3bgu x8NsmZhx3i6 Arctic Survival Training

wMc3uJ6 ᐋ8igoEi3u4, xs/4f5 x8Nsmi3u4, xsM5ypsi3u4 kNu, xyx5ÖoAti4 won3iu4 x7ml euDax3iu4 smJ3ysCil mò8iu4. s9lu vtmpdtc3g5 sfiz Xsly k?oz6, Én/ e8kxJx6, ᐲb w5gv9M4, xbu yKxCW4, Jxi sò5g6, /fy w5gv9M4 x7ml èuy k?oz6.

WNhZc3iªozJi4 cspmpsJ6 SC8 r. u8l S[3ig3usl yKo3tz5 Xsly k?o1z6 kN[7u srs3bgu x8NsmZhx3iu4

woãAti4 gryt5yAtc3©4 mr{[f5 x3ÇAbµ3ystui4 BOB MESHER vtmiz8i. Business consultant Brian K. Min and Puvirnituq Mayor Paulusie Novalinga made a presentation about NASTC at the Makivik AGM.

work so as to shelter ourselves,” he said. “We also saw that mtsy wè5g6 woãAto4 by3u xsMn3iu4Fwc¬/3iu4 wMs/3gymJk5 it’s a very different world when you are actually on the tundra

BOB GEARING kN[7u srs3bgu x8NsmZhx3iu4 won3bsJk5 wKp[s2 nixi. as opposed to when you are flying over it — just the fact that Matiusie Iyaituk demonstrates ice fishing to NASTC guests near Ivujivik. everything pretty much looks the same — unless you really know the land like the guides know it.” wkw5 cz5bÔq8i m3DoxD3u cz5bÔ3t Captain David Although his instructors reiterated that probably the best PalfreemanFÌ[5 Ù9Kwm8 wMQ/symJ6 won3gk5 sW¯zi thing to do in a survival situation would be to stay put, this was @))@. cz5bÔ3tso3g6 wkw5 cz5bÔq8i !((#ui5. something that he had already learned from his former experi- won3g[îÎ6 ck6 sbeQxu4 ei3gi4 uQxc5niDt4 kNgw8Nj5. ences of flying search and rescue missions for people lost in the ‘gryosuAts5hi xysAx3NExz ck3l bµigw8N6 North. “I have been involved in several search and res- wiosD8NExu4. csp5hbl x5psq7mEQxz cue operations where we found the ski-doo hours, kNgw8N6 NJ3bsoCu dMs2Xvlx3hA. if not days, before actually finding the person on – x5pŒgw8ˆ¬÷3hil – cspm9ME5bsq8Nu the ground,” he said, “A ski-doo leaves tracks xsM5ypQMsJ/5tg5.’ and it is also a larger mass on the tundra.” woãpq5 Nlâ3yQx9Mc5bMs3g5 Palfreeman was also glad to have been Wsi3XsQxz ª5Öogw8Nli, bmguzl able to spend time with Inuit in an environ- gryym5hi ei3gi4 xsM5yc5bym5hi xyx- ment away from the airline and away from mJi4 srs3bgu. ‘eicbsc5bymJz bf?5hbl the villages. He had met his guides before, yr©u4 wk5bz bfCbMz5hA wvs3î5 xuh5 having already been stationed in Puvirnituq s9lw¬8i5 ˆ7mb ryxi, yr©9l wicCu4 where he had seen them around the commu- Ìi3gi3nsht9l bf/sçAh8ins7mb. nity or as passengers on an airplane. “Seeing Palfreeman d[xhMsJ7uJ6 wMc3ymQxu4 them out on the land is very humbling for one wk8i4 cz5bÔoEis2 yMÌi kNø9l. xsM5ypui4 thing,” he explained. “To be out there with next bfymMsJ6 yKixA5, S[3igu g5b[c3ymZu kNo7u to nothing and to imagine how the Inuit survived for so bf?5hQ5, wrmt9lQ9lî5 t7uÔu. ‘bfQxq5 yMu many years with so little is sort of mind-boggling. That is not ur9ot3Ng6, hNcqvn5gü5hi, whmQ5hQ9l ckxl4 wkw5 advertised in the course, but it certainly is a nice bonus.” wªA8NX8im¯b x3CAi xuh3Jxi hNc5yxCt4 xJá5gmExl4. Meanwhile, Patrick Quesnel feels that he is now even more wà5ym7µDtsqvlx3hi won3iu, gryQx9MExz WsJ6.’ prepared to work as an airline pilot in Nunavik, should he even- Öml, Patrick Quesnel xgw8Nsi3nsJEo3g6 cz5bÔ3tsi3j5 tually be accepted for this job with Air Inuit. He recalls one of kN[7u, WNh5tÌE/s5nDi wkw5 cz5bÔq8k5. xsMpJ6 his most memorable moments during the survival training was

SwAc/qi3Ùui4 won3bsht4, s8kxf5, w9luî5hi–#%ü5tlA at night, laying back in his igluq, with a temperature of minus-35 magazine

eu3Dxq5 es8Niz yMs2. ‘wk©5hz bf8NsZ3hQ5 n[s/3gx5 Celsius outside. “I was alone with myself, looking up at my snow ᐋ3eh3b[i4v whm5hzl ‘WsJCbµ8ˆ,’ wàoQx9Mhil, blocks and thinking ‘this is pretty nice’,” he then added, “If you mr[4f5 ‘W[5ncD[5 won3iu4 bmguz ß5gC5nCbEè5.’ have the chance to take this course, you should try it.” MAKIVIK 6 7 Wix3iK5 Piniarnivut

øn dW3Dxl4, gnc5bstAtoEi3u4 WNh5t Lisa Koperqualuk, Communications Officer

v˜9o5 xfr5gi Kalalliit Akukittuni

xfr5gus5 Akukittumiut mr{[s2 eu3Dxq8i m3Îi4 ra9osht4 kwbsc5bMs3©i4, In the last two issues of Makivik Magazine, I have focused si4vsycc5bMsJKz yM3Jx2 v5pzius5 kNdtq8i4 on the circumpolar regions of Alaska and Russia to inform us x˜+vü5gi9l Îyxü5gi9l gnC5nix3hQ5 ckwozo3iq8k5. of the Inuit situation. In this issue’s Piniarnivut, we journey to b=Zi eu3Dxu Wix3iK5tA5 xfr5goxMzKA5, wk5bo7j5 Akukittuq, where those Inuit with tiny akuk live — in Kalaallit xfr5gi4, v˜9o5 kˆ5. Ì4fx xmstym§a5/A8â©Zlx5 Nunaat (otherwise known as Greenland). They do not wear x7ml xfiib3J÷o3tlQ5 Wsyc3[Q§Eo3hQ5. w7mç amautiks anymore, and treat these garments almost as muse- xfr5gusaiC3gnEA8âbK5¡ um pieces. Perhaps we should not call them xfr5gus5 wkq5 sk3ic3g5 Akukittumiut anymore! %&,)))–ZM8i4 !#¶-q5 tx8µ4 The population of Akukittuq is about (Denmark)–us/st9lQ5. !),)))–Qx9Mi4 57,000, which includes about 13 per cent xfr5gusi4 tx8µ4usaJcEK6. wkq5 Danes. There are another 10,000 Akukittumiut sk3iã5 wkgw8Nsht4, xfr5©l kNz living in Denmark as well. With the majori- er3bshi, bm4fx xfr5gus5 d[xQ/c3i- ty being Inuit, and Akukittuq itself being an ns÷3S5 w7uiei3nsA8NExu4 s?5ti5 island, it appears that Akukittumiut enjoy a vNbus5 wkdtq8i5. xq3Cu xsM5yº5 greater level of autonomy than we Canadian v?mz5 xÌî8ic§aK6 tx8µ4 v?mzi5, Inuit. The Home Rule Government falls under ryxi, Ì4fkz x©t/symJ5 sk3in3k5 xsM- the Government of Denmark, however, so its bsc5bymî5 x5pQ/sZM5ym7uJ5 s?5tk5. experience with colonial rule has been simi- xfr5gus5 Wix3ioEi3tA5 v5hô- MICHAEL ABRAHAM lar to ours. oymo3g5 !*))–ᐄ5 etzii5 iDxc5b- Akukittumiut have been politically active ymo3ht9l v?µWq5bl kNdtq5bl vtmp5nq8i4 since the mid-1800s and have had elected municipal and provin- !()*–ui5. wkw5 kNoq5 kN[u WQx3XoxoÖ8Nt9lQ5 cial councils since 1908. Inuit settlements in Nunavik were just xfr5gus5 kNc3iu4 Ö/sAyÌMs3ymJ5 Ì4fkz tx8µ4usk5 starting up when Greenland attained country status equal to !(%#–u. x7ml xfr5gus5 xq3Cui xsM5yA8Ni3u4 those in Denmark in 1953. And when Akukittuq achieved Home v?mÌgxCu4 !(&(–u, mr{[f5 xyq9l kN[7us2 tudtq5 Rule Government in 1979, Makivik and other Nunavik organiza- wªoCÌaq8NMs3ymJ5. tions were but fledglings. xfr5gu xq3Cu xsM5yA8Nhi v?msJ6 sc3[mE5bo4 Greenland Home Rule Government is composed of an assem- S3gi3ni9l vtmpc3hi. sc3[mEz5 krc3[c§6 wªyo- bly and an executive branch. The assembly holds powers over Ei3jxzJi4, mr2XoxZhx3iËozJi9l Wix3ioEi3ËozJi9l. social, economic, and political matters. The people of Greenland xfr5©2 wkq5 xsM5y§aK5 hNoµ5yxvni4 wªyq8ªozJoµi4. run almost all matters relevant to its society. They have a Ministry Ì4fx v?m4fq5 xsM5y§5 wo8ixioEi3u4 wo8ix[7mEc3ty5ht4 of Education, which includes a university called Ilisimatosarfik. woymgn3[4–u4 xto7u4. grÌEA8N§a7uJ5 ßmJw5 vmQ/siq8k5, They decide on wildlife management, conservation, health, trans- xyst5yÖomi3jl, ckwqyx3ioEi3jl, wq3CJoEi3jl portation, and so on. There are, however, three very important xyq8il. ryxi, Wzhi4 W7mEsic7mE5gi4 WixDti4 issues that Home Rule does not have power over.

xfr5gus5 v?mz5 xsM5yA8N[c1qg6. These issues were explained by Johan Lund Olsen of magazine

eu3Dxq5 bm4fkz WixDbsJk5 gryt5yQxDtcMsJ6 Ì8N Jc8 M8 the Commission on Self-Government in Greenland (formed in s9n8 vunNscbsJ6 N7ui6 v?mc3ij5 xfr5gu GkwbsJ[i3u4 1999), who made a presentation during the Inuit Circumpolar mr[4f5 !(((–uH sçAtQ5hiq5 wkw5 yM3Jxus5 vtmp3Jxq5 Conference in Kuujjuaq last summer. During an interview, Johan MAKIVIK 8 9 ᐋyx5u xfiibcsts2 kNdtz. LISA KOPERQUALUK Aasiaat museum grounds.

vtmic3tlQ5 ƒ0Jxu sW3¯aMs3gu. xWE/sic3hi Ì8N stressed the importance of having a say on foreign policy. At Jc8 W7mEsiêMsJ6 i9oDtcExcExu4 kN3Jx2 xyq8k5 this time, Greenland has no rights whatsoever on this issue. The gÇZ3k5. µ8Nst9lA xfr5gus5 WJ8Nstc1qg5 ck3¬î5 Americans have a military base in Pituffik (the Thule Air Base). bm5hms2 u5ñk5. xuEvus5 sNb3tq5 wic§5 Pituffik (the Currently there are plans to expand it as a national defense Thule Air Base)–u. s9lu X3Nbs?9oxc5bg6 xqoQx3bsix3tlA system. This base is run solely by the United States. kN3Jxdtzi nS7upQ/six3tlA. Ì8N sNb3tã5 NJ3bz5 A group of people living in the area were forcibly relo- xuEvusk5 ryxi9ME4 xsMbsic§6. cated further north to Qaanaaq when it was first established wkw5 vtmstJ5 bµi kNym[ø5 xs9˜tbsMs3g[isK5 as a weather station during World War II, and later as an air dkt9lQ5 b3Cj5 cˆ3j5, yK9oÙu yM8ix[osEx1zt9lQ5 base in 1951. Hence, a matter that directly touched the lives yM3Jxusoµ5 sNb3iJxc3tlA @–zi4, x7m yxDQxao3m5 of Akukittumiut was decided by Denmark without consulting cz5bÔk5 u{[oxay7uhi !(%!–u. Öà7m5, bm8N gê8Ngu4 the people. This situation remains today, and Kalalliit have x5gwic3ymt9lA xfr5gus5 wªyq8i4 grÌ3bsJ[i6 responded in their report, presented by their Commission on tx8µ4usk5 gryix3[cCt9lî5 wk8i4. bm8N Öàoô8Nq8Ng6 Self-Government. s9luj5 x7ml v˜9ous5 bm5hjz gn3tyAtos3ymo3ht4, They wish to participate in foreign policy issues, especially sç/symo3gi4 vunN3k5 N7ui6 v?µÌChx3ioEi3j5. on the matter of the Thule Air Base. They have also expressed Ì4fx wMscbsAm3Dx§5 kN3Jx2 xyq8k5 gÇZoEstk5, their concern for the need for Denmark and Greenland to pro- Wlx3gu4 W5Jtc3ht4 Thule–u cz5bÔk5 u{[oxaymJ3u4. mote world peace. Johan iterated, “Pituffik plays a central role scsycymo3uJ5 whµlQ/3ui4 Ì4fx tx8µ4l xfr5gl in the Amercian military. It is placed physically in our country Ü9lgwQxc3iq8i4 yM3Jxoµu ãmsti3u4. Jc8 scMsJ6 and we have no rights or say whatsoever. It is a military base wµ4, >Wg{[4 xg3bsME8iXsK6 xuEvus5 sNb3tq8k5. operated by military soldiers. In our report, we recommend to kwbsym9ME5hil kN3JxdtK8i x7ml iXcD8NstQ1qhA the cabinet, as well as to the Greenland parliament, that the ck3¬î5. Ì8N sNb3tk5 NJZE/sK6 xsMbs5hil sNb3tq8k5. Americans should not only operate their military base, but they gn3tyAtoxK8i, whm5nysDtosMsJA5 S3gi3nk5, xfr5©l should be monitored by the United Nations. And the UN body sc3[mEzk5, bm4fx xuEvus5 xsM5ygw8Ng5nsqQxq5 should work in conjunction with the Greenland government.” sNb3t5 NJZzi4, ryxi vmNh5bsic3lt4 kN3Jxusoµ5 Another area of concern has been over the judicial system vtmp3Jxq8k5. x7ml Ì4fx kN3Jxus5 vtmp3Jxq5 for which Greenland does not have complete jurisdiction. They WNhxctc3gnst9lQ5 xfr5©2 v?mzi4. would like to see some of the higher courts, which are pres- whµlQ/cc5bMs3uJ5 w3cgwpoEi3u4 xfr5gusk5 ently based far away in Denmark, installed in Greenland. The xsMbsA8N©Zlxu4 hNu5tNA. Ì4fx bfAmic§5 S3gi3ni4 existing arrangement of their judicial system works as a Danish w3cgwpi4, µ8Nst9lA tx8µ4ü7mb, wo/st9lQ5 xfr5gu. system, thus it is dominated by Danish values and Danish per- Ì4fx w3cgwpoEsyq5 tx8µ4ustg5 xsMbsic§a7m5, spectives, Johan explains. The Commission would like to see xsMbsiclxaxMe5hi tx8µ4us5 WsyztA5 bf8ˆDyq5tA9l a more Greenlandic type of judicial system, which would have ÖàoMsJ6 Jc8. Ì4fx vunâ5 bfi3nsAmic3ymJ5 people from the communities (and who know the communities) xfr5gustÅ3inu4 w3cgwpoEsy3u4, bm4fkz kNø5 wkdtq8k5 making the decisions.

Gcspm5yxgk5 kNo8i4H grÌ3bs§ac5bix3gu4. Greenlanders would also like to have control over their cur- magazine

eu3Dxq5 xfr5gus5 xsM5yAmic§a7uJ5 ®Ns/dtui4. rency. They receive a block grant from the Danish state every wlw4vsˆ3tgi4 ®Ns/3Ìtbs?5g5 tx8µ4 v?mzk5 x3ÇAbµ3bgi4. year. A vast majority (85%) of that grant returns to Denmark. mr[4f5 sk3iã5 G*%¶ Sn8tq5H Ì4fx ®Ns/3Ìt5yAt[î5 st§5 This is because they have close economic ties to Denmark, MAKIVIK 8 9 Wix3iK5 Piniarnivut

tx8µ4j5. bm8NsK6 ®Ns/tA5 mr2XoxZhx3icst§aZu4 and have been supplied with Danish things ever since colonial tx8µ4usl, x7ml Wtbsc5b§a5ht4 tx8µ4us5 hNZMq8k5 times. Now Greenlanders feel that if they were given jurisdic- Ömzi5 xsMbsQx1zy8iCu4. µ8Nf5 xfr5gus5 whmc3Xo3g5 tion over currency, they would be better able to control the xsM5ytbsA8NyAt4 ®Ns/dtui4, xsM5yi3nsA8NyZ/Exu4 money that comes into Greenland. Money would circulate bet- ®Ns/i4 xfr5gË/3gi4. ®Nsè5 xsM5yxi3nsc5bC/3g5 xfr5©2 ter in Greenland communities instead of going straight back kNoq5b wlxi tx8µ4j5 stgw8ND8âlt4. Jc8 scMsJK6 to Denmark. Johan said, “We are much closer to Canada, for >ci5ni3nsKA5 vNbusi4, s5©tQlA, xrxîgw8Nmb. ryxi example, just across the strait. But we are very much tied to tx8µ4j5 Wg5ymJ7mEsJA5 mr2XoxZhx3itA5, ®Ns/oEi3tA9l Denmark on these questions in terms of economy, currency, and gÇZc3if9l. Öà7m5 W7mEsic7mE5g6 bm4fx W/sA8Ng5 policy. So it is very important for this competency to be moved ªbsZ/3Xb xfr5gj5, bµi xsMbsic¯3ixt9lQ5.> to Greenland — this jurisdiction.”

LISA KOPERQUALUK tÏA9o[i3i4 ie5nos3g5 ᐋyx5u. Fin whale processing in Aasiaat.

bm4fx bZ whµlQ/slxaxMs3g5 Jc8 scMs3bq5 s?8k5 These were the main concerns that Johan passed on to xfr5gu5. bfA8NSA5 xfr5gus5 xfisi3n6 Wix3ioEi3tA5 me from Greenland. As we see, Akukittuq has a much longer W?9oxymico3g5 kN[7us5 bf8ˆixD5tA5. ho, xq3Czi history of political development if we compare it to Nunavik. v?mz5 ˆ7mn3tyym5yxq5g6 Wix3ioEi3tA5 w7uieAmis?5gu4. Yet, its Home Rule Government has not entirely satisfied the bm8N W5JtQ5hA, kw5yo3g[î5 cspn3ixgi4 N7ui6 need for political autonomy. For this reason, they created the v?mc3ij5, bm4fiz WixDtsJi4 WNhxZc3ixgi4. Ì4fx Commission on Self-Government, which works on these issues. wªyq5 Wix3ioEi3tA5 ckwosD8Nyxc5bg5 Wix3ioEº5 Their society is politically active, and they have political par- r=Zg3tq8kl xsMbs§a5ht4 v?m4fq5. Wzhlxaxi4 ties running their government. The three main parties have r=Zg3tc§5 vmQ/clxaxX5gi4 w7uiei3nsAmi3u4. wMq5 platforms, and each deal specifically with independence. Some WAmic§aqg5 wMq9l WAmic3tlQ5 xux4fq9l tx8µ4j5 are not for it, some are — with retaining ties to Denmark, and Wg5ymic3tlQ5, xyq9l wl8ˆA5 w7uieAmJ9MEx¬t9lQ5. others are totally indépendantiste. But we see that Greenland ryxi bfJA5 xfr5gus5 ÏAtcExq5 w7uiei3nsi3u4, hungers for more autonomy, and is working in every way possible WNhxc5bht9l ckoµ6 W[oµuA5 WA8NyZhx3ht4 bm5huz to attain this autonomy. With 24 years of Home Rule experi- w7uiei3nsi3u4. @$–i4 xq3Cui v?mc3ymo3iuk5, ho ence, it continues to strive for better and for more, and we can Wsi3nu4 hNbc3inu9l WZhxq8Ng5, x7ml bm5hm1z5 learn a lot from them. won3bsA8NyxMzJA5.

scsy3bq5 Terminology xfr5gusgò5 Öy§5 w7ui4 wµ4 >v˜9o5> Öm5ãN6 Greenland natives call themselves “Kalalliit”, which is the

>wkw5> M§aZ5b. equivalent of our word, “Inuit”. magazine

eu3Dxq5 xfr5gi wk5tg5 scsyE/sJ6 fº8˜8j5 Akukittuni is the Inutittut term for “in Greenland”. >xf4> xmsts¬î5 xtQs9¬î5 gkxzî5g6 yKÇA9l An “akuk” is the curved hem of an amautik, or “parka”, that mr[4f5 ric3uhi. hangs in the back. MAKIVIK 10 11 kN[7us/s2 sNb3ts2 sNb3bzk5

Ù2 uxh x9Mbq5 A Nunavik Corporal’s Battle

By Bob Mesher

8NsmZhxEx6 ÙAtsgw8N§a5/q9M6 sNb3[so3gu. wMzi he battle for survival is not always fought on a combat field. xbm8N sNb3i6 ÙAt§aK6 wªy3j5 v2WxN3gbcogx3m5, TSometimes this battle is fought in other life-threatening situ- s5©tQlA W7mE7u4 ᐋ8ixc3gcogx3m5. bm8N W5JtQ5hA, ations, such as against serious illness. In this regard, Corporal sNb3t ¥M /v3n4 Wyt7mEsAtc3S6. Sheila Zacharchuk is a very brave soldier. cspm/sic3hi uxp Éru4 wMuk5 n9li, Ì8N x9M[s2 Better known as Mary Ikey by her relatives in Salluit, she ñzi4 WNhx3[cgw8No3g6 cEb4f5 n1œoJ[is5hi x3ÇAoµ6 is now assigned to a desk job due to the effects of a brain szÌkxW4 xiA3ymo3tlA. ¥M ixd1amEc5bg[isJ6 aneurysm that she suffered just over a year ago. Sheila used WxCsq8Nhi, xysymJ[isoClx3hi, ryxi st3g[i6 !@ to get migraine headaches as a young child, which went away, x3ÇAw5 xiA3mb. >ryxio, hot5yA8NgcMsJ1qg6 bm4fx but started to come back again about 12 years ago. “However, ixd1aâ5 wozJ[isQxq5 cEbs2 n1œo3ymizk5, there is no way of proving that the headaches had anything to cspmNMsqg6 whw9ozJcExz Öào7m5 ryxi,> Öào5hi do with the aneurysm. You don’t know that there is anything scMsJ6. wrong until it happens,” she says. Ì5hm xatz, fè4 /v3n4 xi3Cym9lf8im5 wªyzi4 Luckily, her husband, Sergeant Greg Zacharchuk, was Wso5yMeMsJK6 é3hg[ist9lA, bZ yi8NixoCu home to save her life when she had the seizure, which ybmsJ3gi4 s9li4. >bµîA8Nlfxl2Sz Ì8N resulted in her being in a coma for eight days. “I am xatZ vNbüQxc3tNA ÖàoMsJZm. xi3Cy- extremely lucky to be here because my husband m9lfxlMsJ7m5 wªyCi4 Wso5yA8NyMe5hi,> was not even supposed to be in Canada when ÖàoMsJK6 ¥M. it happened. I’m lucky he was home to save ¥M sNb3tk5 wMscbsAmyJ[i6 my life,” she says. WNhZ5yxu4 Niy3c/3iq8Nu wkw5 Sheila became interested in joining kNzi. bm5hjz sçctcMsv5hi the army because she was unable to find xˆNui4 Gª/ ÉrsMsJu4H sNb3tk5 a meaningful job in the North. After dis- sçMyJ[i6 xs9Mtbs5hil Prince cussing the idea with her mother (the Edward Island–j5 WQx9MEMsCi late Nora Ikey), she called the recruiting WQs3ntbsQx3ghi, Övi grÌDµ3ixhi centre and was sent to Prince Edward sNb3tk5 s5gC3gns7m¯3u. >xsA+t @$, Island for a pre-recruit training course, !(*(–u sNb3tk5 wMscbsQxyMs3ymKz, where she was to decide whether or not x7ml SwAMs3ymixq5hA Ö8N s9l6> to give the army a try. “August 24th, xsMpiCMsJK6 ¥M, >WQs3nEx1z- 1989 was the day I enrolled. I’ll never for- c5boC5b xiÅtMs3ymJEMsJqgz get that day,” she recalls, “I didn’t think W/ExgJ7mEsMsJ7m5, Wlx3gu4 wkgw8N©5hi. that I would make it (through bootcamp) xuh[5hz nWovñc5bMsJKz.> because it was hard, especially being the only

COMPLIMENTS: SHEILA ZACHARCHUK WQs3nEx1z[z kÌk5 sNb3tsZhxDmJk5 inuk. Many times I felt like giving up.” won3[s§aK6 sNb3tn3k5, won3hi ck6 Bootcamp is where new recruits are molded for WhAyc§a7m¯b, ck6 drstoE§a7m¯b, ck6 the military, learning such things as how to march prop- Wd/sJi4 x©tA8N§a7m¯b, xyq8il csbµ5 W/Exc3N§i4 erly, how to handle a rifle, how to endure demanding situations, sNb3tj5. xbsy3u4 wo8ixt5yAtc§aK5, ryxi, ck6 and other everyday skills necessary to the life of a soldier. One wªycctc§a7m¯3u4 WNhxctc§a7m¯3ul xyi4 sNb3tsuJi4. crucial thing taught there, however, is how to live and to work >bMᕖn4f5 bf8N§aZ5b sNb3ᑏ5 WQs3ntbsQxzogx3m5 as part of a team. “What you see on television is pretty much Öà5ggw8NsuJ6. hNgw8Nu4 to/sgxC5b W/Excy§EMs3bK5,> what we learn in boot camp. When we are told to do something, ÖàoMs3g6 ¥M. then we do it,” Sheila says.

WQs3nEx1zbui4 W/ᕇ5yxgxCu, ¥M grÌo3g[i6 Once she successfully completed boot camp, Sheila decid- magazine

eu3Dxq5 vJyMzQxu4, Wzhk5 x3ÇA3ªgi4 WA5pAt5nui4 xtos3hil. ed to stay on, and signed a three-year contract. Her intention Ì8N yKic3ymJ6 W/ᕇMsv9li Wzhi4 x3ÇAi4 yK9oi4 was to complete the first three years and then go back home. mr[4f5 Öm xq3Cyli. ryxi wµ4 scMsJ6, >Ì4fx yK9ø5 However, she says, “Once the first three years were up, I signed MAKIVIK 10 11 ¥M /v3n4 Sheila Zacharchuk

Wzh5 x3ÇAw5 xiAgx3mb, on for another three years xtosEx9MoMsJKz WzhQx9Mk5 and I’m still here — going x3ÇAk5 bZ bµîq8NSz !$–i4 on 14 years!” x3ÇA3goCb3hz.> After boot camp, she WQs3nEx1zicᕇgxCu, learned a trade as a radio wo8ixymJ6 WNhZ3u4 ˆMst- operator. Besides her oEpsi3u4. Ì8N WNhx3[c§ao3g6 present assignment in Trenton, Ontario–u x7ml Trenton, Ontario, Sheila Éc5bymo3hi ᐋ9Íbj9l ÷mî5 has also gone to Alberta kNzk9l WQs3nEx3ghi. Ì4fx and Germany for exercises. /v3nf5 kNo8îc5bymo3uJ5 The Zacharchuks have also ¥Ms2 xatz sNb3gã5 sNb3gn6 ¥M ÷vs5n4 COMPLIMENTS: SHEILA ZACHARCHUK Kingston–ul xg¿u9l. been stationed in Kingston COMPLIMENTS: SHEILA ZACHARCHUK xzJ3çz5 fp4 ÷vs5n4. g1zh5tbsJ6 sNb3gncstu Sheila’s husband, Sergeant Ì8N scMsJK6 wMzi and Ottawa. xzJ3çj5 gE8b8u. Greg Zacharchuk. W/ExgÔ§aQxz x3NsQxu4 She says that some- Corporal Sheila Zacharchuk greeted wkgw8N©Qxu9l fÑ4 b3Czi5 times its difficult being by the base commander in Trenton. Wym5hi, ryxi vNbus5 female and being the only x8kÇq8i4 xtgxCu, x5pQ/s5yxgw8NX5g6 sNb3tsctuk5. Inuk from northern Quebec, but when she puts on the Canadian >x5pQ/sq©Zlx3hz, cspm5ht9l x5pQ/sq©QxCi, ryxi uniform, she is equal to her fellows. “I may be different, and ho x5pQ/s5yxq8Ngz Ì4fkz,> Öào5hi scMsJK6. they know I’m different, but still I am equal,” she says, “The >W7mEsi3Ùu4 wo5yym§ao6fz sNb3ti5 §hQ/c5yxExu4 most important thing that I’ve learned from the military is xy4vi4 x7ml N7ui6. sNb3tn3i4 x8kÇogxCm, ñZi respect for others and for myself. When I put on my dress uni- Nq3lt5, vuxl4vi b3Cis[5 bfJ8NC/3St5. bm5huz form, you can stand up and can see yourself in my boots. I am W9lfxWZhw8N§aKz WJEstc7mEZm - yK9oÙ5yxu very picky about that because I am very proud — number one, WJEstc3Sz wkgw8NsQxu4 x7ml WJEst7m gzoz proud to be Inuk, and number two, proud that I am serving my WJEstc3uZm WA5pQxu4 kN3Jxt8i4. country.”

Wd/oEi3u4 cspQx9MDᑏ5 Legal Tips

x9Mb[iq5 ÷nM8 ÙEx5, Wd/oEps2 By Jocelyn Barrett, Lawyer

vttbsmi3j5 Wd/tÅDtq5 The Legal Aspects of Marriage

ttbsQxü4 whm[5V sfx wMq5 grymstQ/sA8Ng5 hinking about getting married? Here is some general infor- vvttbsmi3j5 fÑ4u. yKi5nu Wd/î5gi4 vmQ/sJc- Tmation about marriage in Québec. A future Legal Tip will ˜3uJ6 x5pQq©Atq8i4 Wzhi4 É2XᕇAy3i4 wobE/sm- deal specifically with the distinctions between the three types Jc3m5 fÑ4u mfiz: vttbsmJ5, w3cgwptÅ3ymJ5 x7ml of conjugal relationships recognized in Québec: marriage, civil É2Xᕇgw8Ngk5. union, and de facto union. Wd/tA5, vttbsmi6 WA5pJ5nosDtsK6. bm8N In legal terms, marriage is a contract. It requires the free x©t/sAmAi whmustsQxo4 grÌDbsm5yxlil xatj5 and informed consent of a man and a woman. The legal age for x3Nj9l. Wd/tA5 WA5pJ5nsi3j5 vttbsA8Ny§5 !^– contracting marriage is 16 years, but anyone under 18 must i4 srscogxCu4, ryxi rNoµ6 !* xÌi srscDi obtain their parents’ or tutors’ consent.

xq3bsymQxcC/3uJ6 xzJçuk5 Wpzk9¬î5. According to the Civil Code of Québec, marriage must be magazine

eu3Dxq5 bf5hQ5 fÑ4u Wix3isA8Ngk5 moá5, vtt- contracted publicly, before a competent officiant and in the bsi6 WA5pJ5nosDtsQxoÅ6 wkoµtA5, WJ8NME5©2 presence of two witnesses. The officiant may be a minister of mr[4f5 vmp7mEs2 yKÇi m3Îi4 bf8ˆtc3li. vmp7mEstbsAi religion, a notary, a clerk of the Superior Court or another per- MAKIVIK 12 13 Wd/oEi3u4 cspQx9MDᑏ5 Legal Tips

s2Wi3j5 xJe3gwpsA8Ng6, wkoµi4 x9Mt7mEsli¬8î5, son designated by the Minister of Justice. Whether the marriage w3cgwp7mEsli¬8î5 rNgw8Nsli¬8î5 t4fxbsmli is celebrated in a civil or religious manner, the resulting rights fÑ4f5 w3cgwpoEp7mEq5b g3cb3[zk5. bm8N vtt- and obligations are exactly the same. bsi6 d[x§bsixDi wªy3tA5 s2Wi3tA9¬î5, bm4fx Both spouses have identical and equal rights and obliga- WJ8NstÌEè9l WixExc3bq9l x5pŒ5ãNsix3g5. tions in marriage. According to the law, they owe each other bmq4 É2Xᕇ4 wob3Ngi4 x5pŒ5yxgi9l WJ8Nstc3ix©4 respect, fidelity, succor (help) and assistance. They are also WixDt5nc3ixht9l vttbsmi3ui. Wdè5 mo5hQ5, Ì4fx bound to live together. §hQst5yxExø4, btQst5yxlt9l, wvÔtlt9l wvJ3ymstlt9l. Both spouses are equally responsible for the family’s Ì4fx wªyctŒ9lt4 vtmstQxc3uJ3bs4. well-being and for their children. They must choose the family bmq4 É2Xᕇ4 x5pŒ5yxgu4 vmQ/c5yxExc3uÔ4 wMui4 residence together. They must contribute towards the expens- eg3zui9l ckwqyx3t¥8Nlt4. wMub xq3Cnzi4 es of the marriage, such as housing and groceries, in proportion iDxExø4 xbs5yƒ3lt4. xgî3DtcExø4 vttbsmiq5b to their respective means. ®Ns/3gizk5, mfkz w9lj5 iek9l, W[cD8Ni3ui4 Once a marriage is contracted, a series of rules govern the x[ctŒ9lt4. spouses’ material relationships. These rules become especially vttbsi6 WA5pJ5noxaymogx3m5, moZ3k5 xsMbs- important in the event that the marriage ends. Qxc§5 É2Xᕇ5 Wdtq5tA5 ckwozstiq8k5. bm4fx The family residence of married couples is subject to spe- moá5 W7mE1alxaxy§a7mb vttbsiz cial rules. Neither spouse may whogx3m5. sell, rent or mortgage the resi- vttbsmJw5 xq3Czi x5pQ/s9ME1qgi4 dence used by the family, or the moZcExc§aQK6. N9ox¬8î5 É2XE/sJ6 furniture within the residence, is3DtcExc1qg6, x5bg3bst5yli¬8î5 without the consent of the other. s{?¬8î5 xro5nÌDtc3li w9lui4 xg3bs§u4 A family patrimony is estab- wMuk5, s{?¬8î5 xq3Cs2 wlusbq8i4, lished once a marriage is xq3bsçMsCi É2Xzk5. contracted and its rules apply wMŒ5 Wdt7mEdtq8i4 kwbs- to all marriages. The family pat- Jcy§aK6 vttbsJcgx3m5 x7ml rimony includes — regardless of moZdtq5 xg3ic3ht4 vttbsymJoµk5. ownership — the residences used wMŒ5 mfiz Wdt7mEcD8NC/3g5– by the family, the furniture within N9oxk9¬î5 N7uiE/sZlx3Xb–xq3Cu4 these residences, vehicles used wMŒk5 xg3bs§u4, xq3CE/sJw5 for family travel, benefits accrued wlusbq8i4, wq3Csti4 wMŒk5 xsM- during the marriage under a retire- Abs§i4, W?9odt5noxD3XoxJi4 vttbsmi3ui WNhA8âDi ment plan (such as RRSPs) and earnings under the Québec W[5nÌDt5nq5b xÌA5 ®Ns/3ÌE/s?5gk9l fÑ4f5 WNhA8âgk5 Pension Plan or equivalent programs. wvJ3ymstq5b xÌA5 x5pZMq8i¬8î5 wvJ3ymsti4. If a marriage ends (legal separation, divorce or death of vttbsmiq5 whogx3Xt4 GWd/tA5 vtmstA8âi3j5, one of the spouses), the net value of the family patrimony is x[8ij9¬î5 É2Xzb¬8î5 gdizk5H, Ì4fx wMŒ5 Wdt7mEq5b divided equally between the spouses. However, if one of the w9oEN3gq5 x[5bsyxExø5 x5pŒ5yxu4 É2Xᕇ[î8k5. ryxi, spouses owned property (such as a house) prior to the mar- É2Xz N7uicᕇ3g[isAi Wdt9ME7u4 G§3l w9lu4H vttb- riage, that later became part of the family patrimony through sMsCi, Ì8N raixA5 wMQ/syJ[isli wMŒ5 Wdt7mEq8k5 marriage, this spouse would recuperate the amount that the vttbsi4f5, Ì5hms2 É2Xz, st3[sZ/o3g6 Wdt9MEq5b property was worth on the date of marriage. xrQMsJ/zk9lx6 Övi vttbs[zb s9lz xg3tlA. In addition to the rules relating to the family patrimony, wMQ/st9lA wMŒ5 Wdt7mEq8ªozJk5 moZ3k5, all marriages are subject to a matrimonial regime. Property vttbsmJoµ5 moQxc§a7uJ5 Wix3isQxo8k5 xsM5yAtk5. acquired during the marriage that is not included in the fam- bm4fx Wdt9Mᕇ5 W/sAt4 vttbsmo3lt4 wMQ/sq©t9lA ily patrimony (salaries, for example) is subject to the rules wMŒ5 Wdt7mEq8k5 G®Ns5/ñk5 s5©tQlAH moQxc3uJ3bs6 governing the matrimonial regime. Unless the spouses agree Wix3isQxo8k5 xsM5yAti4. É2Xᕇ5 xyxA5 xqctŒ1qgxDt4 otherwise in a marriage contract, the regime of partnership of vttbsmi3uA5, xsM5yAᑏ5 WNhxctŒ8ij5 grÌctŒAtsymJ5 acquests will apply. Under this regime, each spouse owns and xg3tbsix3g5. bm4fx xsM5yAᑏ5 xÌA5, xgi5 É2XEaÔ4 manages their private property (including the property owned N7uic3iC3bsÔ4 vmQ/c3iC3bsht9l N7ui6 Wdt9mE7ui4 by each spouse before marriage, clothing, jewellery, etc.) and GwMst9lQ5 mfx Wdt9MEsJ5 N7uiE/[isZlx3li xgi5 the property they acquired during the marriage. If the mar- É2Xᕇk5 vttbsMsCt4, x8kÇ9l, WsÔAᑏ9l, xyq9lH riage ends, the value of property acquired during the marriage

x7ml Ì8N Wdt9MEsJ6 W/sJ[isAi vttbsm5ht4 will be divided equally between the spouses. However, each magazine

eu3Dxq5 x[5bsyxExc3hi x5pŒu4 É2Xᕇk5. ryxi, xgi5 É2XE/sÔ4 spouse may decide not to share the value of the other’s prop- grÌD8NuJ6 x[cbsAm1q©li É2Xub Wdt9MEzi4, §3l erty, such as in the case where one spouse has a large amount mr[4f5 É2XE/sJ6 sk3gmE8i4 xro5ncgx3X5. of debt. MAKIVIK 12 13 yK9oÙu kN[7u kNu4 tAux3tf5 vg5pctŒ8iz5 vtmi3JxcMs3g5

wnWx9 gSx x9Mbq5 First AGM for the Nunavik Landholding Corporations Association

By Isabelle Dubois

N[7u kNu4 tAux3tf5 vg5pctŒ8iz5 yK9oÙu he Nunavik Landholding Corporations (NLHC) Association held kx3ÇAbµ3ystui4 vtmi3JxcMsJK6 ƒ4Jxu [KxE Tits first annual general meeting in Kuujjuaq from February 18th !*–@!, @))#–u. Ì4fx vg5pctŒ8if5 kwbsMs3ymJ5 Ôi to 21st, 2003. The Association was created in June 2002 as a @))@–u kNu4 tAux3toµk5 kN[7u iWQ/sixo3tlA. common voice for all Nunavik landholding corporations (LHCs). Ì5hm vg5pctŒ8iÌ6vus2 vtmpc§ao3g5 xgi5 kNu4 The board of directors of the newly born association is now com- tAux3ᑏ5 xzJçdtq8i4. posed of the presidents of each LHC. bm8N vtmi6 xqJ7mEsicMsJ7uJ6 wi9äAtsA8NyMs3m5 The meeting was also significant in that it was an occasion tus2 g1z[5nzi4 xfixl4 sb3exE/sMs3m5 bm4fkz to settle the corporate structure of this long-awaited coalition of kN[s2 kNu4 tAux3tdtq8k5. Nunavik landholding corporations. g5yxi4f5 s4fwyicᕇgx3mb g1zh5tyicᕇgx3mbl After an opening prayer and welcoming addresses from Mayor Ì4fx yKo3ᑏ5 àf fxb, mr{[s2 Michael Gordon, Makivik xzJçmEz5 Wb ᐋbu, x7ml mr{[s2 President Pita Aatami, xzJçmEzk5 gzoE/scbsJ6 a n d M a k i v i k V - P f o r mr2XoxZhx3ioEi3j5 ᐋbu xMf Economic Development Ggrjx5typsi3u4 to/sMsJ6, Ì5hm A d a m i e A l a k u ( t h e wvJ3tz5 t4ro vä+ vJyt5yQxyMsJK6 appointed chairman), his vtmis2 grjxAtq8i4. assistant Tikile Kleist pro- vg5pctŒ8is2 vtmpq5 sX5bs- ceeded with the copious ymMsJ7uJ5 µr wm3Mj5 vt[4 kNooµ5 agenda. v?mzi5 WymJj5, xtx9 ÷nj9l Besides the NLHC vt[4 W?9oxJoEpq8i5 WymJ6, board of directors, Maggie x7ml ÷i Wb mr{[u5. Emudluk of the Kativik vt[4f5 sçQx3gymMsJ5 W5Jt- Regional Government c3ht4 vmQ/c3iu4 vtfp ! (KRG), Adel Yassa of kNdtq8i4, w2WQ/sic§a7m5 kNø5 the Kativk Regional wi9Mzst5nzi4 X3Nymstos3bs- Development Association kNu4 tAux3ᑏ5 vg5pctŒ8ib3cuz5b x3ÇAbµ3ystu8i4

Jcygx3m5, kNdtQ/sJ9l r9oc3t- ISABELLE DUBOIS vtmicEx1zstz5. (KRDC), and Johnny Peters bsiq8k5 Wd÷WosExcogx3mb, The first Landholding Corporations Association AGM. of Makivik Corporation bm4fxl WNhxZE/sQxc§9l attended. vmQ/sQxc§9l kNø5 kNu4 tAux3tq8kl kNø9l KRG made a presentation concerning the management of v?µWq8k5 W5JtQ5hA kNs2 xg3bsizk5 X3Nymst5nc3i6. Category I lands, which raised awareness of the Community vt[4f5 kw5yMsJ5 x©tZ5nsd/3ui4 W?9oxtbsZhx3gu4 Master Plan, zoning by-laws, as well as the roles and responsi- WNhx3bsJcy2X5 GyxDQxao3m5 kwbsQx9MoMsJ7uJu4 bilities of local LHCs and Northern Village Corporations (CNVs) tAux3tf5 vg5pctŒ8izk5 vt[4f5 vtmpq5 vtmic3tlQ5 concerning land use planning. KRG proposed a procedure for devel- WNhxDys2 raixAgw8N6H. opment projects (which was later countered by the NLHC at a KRG

kN[7u s/C8ixC5ni4 ei3ᑏ5 ®Ns/c3typq5 council meeting the following week). magazine

eu3Dxq5 sçQx3gymMsJ7uJ5 gn3tyQx3ght4 WNhx3ymo3bui4 The Nunavik Mineral Exploration Fund (NMEF) also pre- s9luj5, wMc3gi4 ei3isc5bMs3gi4, s/C8ix[5ni9l sented a report of their activities to date, including exploration mr[4f5 Wc3iCstos3ii4, woãi3i4 x7ml kNs2 çzî5gi4 projects, mining claims, training, and prospecting activities. The MAKIVIK 14 15 kNu4 tAux3ᑏ5 Nunavik Landholding

ISABELLE DUBOIS x3ÇAbµ3ystu4 vtmi3j5 wMs/3gymJ5. Participants of the AGM.

ei3iu4. wMŒn4f5 sçQx3gymMsJ7uJ5 x9MymJ3tA5 Federation of Co-operatives of Northern Quebec (FCNQ) also made Ö/sAyo8i4 WNhxctc3ij5 kNu4 tAux3ti4, sç/sJc3hi a well-received presentation titled Working with Landholding WNhxctŒQxc3iê5ht4 hNgw8Ni4 wvJ3yA8NC/3gi4 kNu4 Corporations, in which they talked about the need to work togeth- tAux3ti4 x5pŒqgi4. er and areas in which it can help the different LHCs. kNu4 tAux3tf8i4 cspn3tsymJ5 Sgo4 XWv5gl Former LHC working group members Putulik Papigatuk, ÙW txl Ìix9o wSl sçAtcMsJ5 vg5pctŒ8is2 Robert Deer, and Daniel Epoo presented the incorporation docu- tu1atbsAtq5b x9Mymstq8i4, kNu4 tAux3tf5 ments for the Association, as well as a draft of LHC by-laws, and Wd÷W5nq8il, x7ml xsM5yAt5nk5 ®Ns/3gbsix3gi4 Ì5hjz a proposed operations budget for the new Association. LHC coor- kÌj5 vg5pctŒ8ij5. kNu4 tAux3tf5 grjx5typ7mEz5 dinator Daniel Epoo then unveiled a set of drawings that had been Ìix9o wS kw5yoMsJ7uJ6 x9Max3ymJi4 mi/symo3gi4 submitted for the new Association’s logo, from which the dele- kÌj5 vg5pctŒ8ij5 b3nnsix3gi4, vtmQx3gymJk5 gates were to choose one. N9oÏ3bsQxcyMsJi4. An election was also held on the second day of the meet- iDx3icMsJK5 vtmis2 s9lzb gzoEo3bzi ing to determine the Association’s first executive committee. Nlâ3yAm5ht4 vg5pctŒ8is2 S3gi3nk5 vtmpxWQix3bq8i4. Three officers were elected from among the members of the Wzhi4 vmp7mE8i4 iDx3bsJcMsJ6 vtmpk5 wMsJ5 board: Putulik Papigatuk of Salluit as president (representing the xf3zi sfiz: Sgo4 XWv5g4 xzJçat9lA Gr=Zg3hi Hudson Strait LHCs); Noah Inukpuk of Umiujaq as vice-president fÑ4 kKz8iusi4 tAux3ti4H; kx wk2X6 sus/3us6 (representing the Hudson Bay coast LHCs); and David Annanack of gzoE/st9lA Gr=Zg3hi bys/3Jx2 tAux3tq8i4H; x7ml Kangiqsualujjuaq, as secretary-treasurer (representing the Ungava Ì[t ᐋNˆ6 vq3hxl4Jxus6, x9Mt–®Ns/oEpst9lA Bay coast LHCs). The executives will serve a two-year term, with Gr=Zg3hi sz?s2 tAux3tq8i4H. Ì4fx S3gi3ã5 m3Îi4 its president also serving as a member of the Nunavik Hunting, x3ÇAi4 womMzJ5, xzJçmEz5 wMsÔcbsQxcMz7ut9lA Fishing, and Trapping Association. kN[7u ßmJoEº5 vg5pctŒ8izk5. While the Association can have up to 16 members, there are Ì8N vg5pctŒ8i6 !^–k5 tr5gi4 wMsJ3bcD8Ng6, presently just 13 Nunavik communities plus Chisasibi represent- s9lul !#–gw8Ni4 kN[7u kNo5bc3hi yñyWus5 ed. While Ivujivik does not have its own LHC yet, their mayor, r=Zg3bsut9lQ5. wKp[7us5 kNu4 tAux3tcCb1qvlx3ht4, Peter Iyaituk, was at the meeting. Puvirnituq also has no LHC so yKo3tz5, ᐲb wè5g6, vtmJîcbsMsJ7uJ6. S[3igus5 kNu4 far and was unable to send a delegate for this particular meet- tAux3tcCb1quJ5 x7ml vtmQx3gg5nu4 trt5yA8NyMsJZt4. ing. However, it is hoped that they will have representation in the ryxi iEsQ/sJ6 r=Zg3bsc5b˜Exz yKi5ti, scsyEMsJ7ms4 future, as the new Association’s president makes mention. kÌ2 vg5pctŒ8is2 xzJçEo3bzb. Most of the 17 resolutions passed at the meeting concern sk3iã5 !&–aMs3tlQ5 grÌDᑏ5 vJytbsMs3g5 the set-up of the new Association and the appointment of repre-

vtmi3u W5JtcMsJ5 kw5yi3u4 kÌu4 vg5pctŒ8iu4 sentatives to different regional organizations. “We’re going to magazine

eu3Dxq5 x7ml topAts5ht4 r=Zg3tsix3gi4 x5pŒqgk5 tus- work very hard in the coming years to make sure that all the dif- Jk5. >WNhx7mEQxcMzJA5 yKi5ti bm4fx wl8Nt4 ferent Landholding Corporations in Nunavik are connected, so that mr[4f5 x5pŒqg5 kNu4 tAux3toµ5 kN[7u Wg5ymst5yxd9lQ5, they can help each other in dealing with the different corporate MAKIVIK 14 15 kNu4 tAux3ᑏ5 Nunavik Landholding

wvJctŒA8Nix3mb vmQ/c3lt4 x5pŒqgi4 tusJj5 WixDbsJi4 ñ1zc5bExcMz/ui to/smAtui4 vJyt5yZhxo3Xb. bm4fx WixDbsA8Ng5 wMc3g5 mfiz kNu4 x5bg3ii4, s/C8ix[5nu4 Wc3iCsti4, W?9oxt5yi3ul kNo8i4 x7ml wkw5 kNzi wl8ˆA5>, Öào5hi scMsJK6 Sgo4 XWv5g6.

WQs3nt5yî5 ®Ns/c3tbsA8NoCu4 sfN1z5 nN3Dt4 WNhxctŒ8ij5 xqctŒAᑏ5, xfiv9M4 sçctŒ8icoMsJ5 ck6 ®Nsè5 x=Ag3bsJ5nsm¯b kNu4 tAux3tf8k5. ®Nsè5 vmQ/s5yx- Exc3mb, kNu4 tAux3tf5 vmp7mEq5 ®Ns/oEpq9¬î5 ®Ns/oEi3u4 wo8ixtbsicMsJ7uJ5 sfkz Pratte Bélanger Consulting Group–fk5, m8gpxü5ht4 µ5ps2 b3ezi. x7ml5bs6 Ìix9o wS WNhxctzl, wo8 sx˜8g, wo8ixt5yicMsJ7uÔ4 tAux3tf5 vmp7mEq8i4 csbµ5 xsMbsQxc§i4 ᐋ3eh3ymJi4 kw5yctQ5hQ5 vg5pctŒ8i6 xuh7mE8i4 vmQZ5nc§a7m5.

tAux3tf5 vmQQxoq8k5 tu1atbsymZu4 mo5hQ5 x9Mq5 %–ü5g5 sfNi vt1zº5 S3gi3nq5: kx wk2X6, Ì[t ᐋNˆ6 x7ml Sgo4 XWv5g4. ISABELLE DUBOIS Wdè5 W5JtQ5hQ5 kNu4 xsM5yAᑏ5 èu+Ñ2 x7ml fÑ4 The Executive: Noah Inukpuk, David Annanack, and Putulik Papigatuk. b3Czb kNdtq8i, kNu4 tAux3tf5 kN[7u tAux3tsK5

issues that they may encounter in pursuing their mandate. Such issues include land leases and mining claims, as well as the development of the communities and of the North in general,” said Putulik Papigatuk.

Training With more funds coming from the Sanarrutik Partnership Agreement, there was lengthy discussion about how the monies may be allocated amongst the LHCs. In order for these funds to be properly managed, the LHC managers or bookkeepers also underwent accounting training courses with the Pratte Bélanger Consulting Group, which took place in Montreal during the month of March. Also, Daniel Epoo and his colleague, Hélène Orlando, dis- pensed the LHC managers with training for day-to-day operations to bring about a standardization of the Association’s many responsibilities.

b3ndt5nui4 grÌDtcCh5g5. ISABELLE DUBOIS Choosing a drawing for the logo. LHC Responsibilities Incorporated in virtue of section 5 of the Act respecting the vtfp ! kNdtq8i4 xgC5nst9lQ5 wkw5 kNozk5 Land Regime in the James Bay and Northern Quebec Territories, W5Jtc3lt4 ®Ns/os3iu4, nN[5nc3iu4 xq3Cc3iu9¬î5 the landholding corporations (LHCs) of Nunavik hold the title to xyq8i¬8î5, kNu4 x5bgDᑏ5 xÌA3tlQ5. vtfp @ kNdtq5 Category I lands for use by the Inuit community for commercial, fÑ4fk5 xsMbsq8NClx3tlQ5, wk8k5 xg3bsA8Ng5 industrial, residential or other purposes, under land leases. Even mò{[slt4, wcl8ix[slt4 urQx3is[slt4, Ì4fxl kâ5 though Category II lands remain under provincial jurisdiction, they xsMbs§a7uht4 kNu4 tAux3tf8k5. wMscbs§aZlx3uht4 may be used by Inuit for hunting, fishing and trapping, in which

kNø5 X3NbsymAtq8k5 kâ9l Nlâ/3bsiq8k5, kNu4 case they are also administered by the LHCs. Besides being magazine

eu3Dxq5 tAux3ᑏ5 whµlQ/c§a7uJ5 ®Ns/tA5 mr2XoxZhx3ioEi3u4 involved in town planning and land surveying, the LHCs are also N9ogw8Nq8i kN[7u kNo8i, x7ml5bs6 s/C8ix[5ni4 concerned with economic development in the different Nunavik mr[4f5 Wc3iCstoEi3u4. communities as well as mining claims. MAKIVIK 16 17 yM2Wxzb si4vsyq5 Cover Story

x/Z w3csmQ?C ui fº si4Ïix3S6 wMq5b cspQs3g[isiq8i4 xfi xysmo3gu4 x/ui4 µru4, ᐋ8ixo[is5hi ᐋ8ix[9MEs2 nixîQxcMe5hi c9lˆi. µrs2 xJw8Nymizl Wsyc5yxChx3izl whmN3tyJ6 wl8Nt8k5 w5/C5nst9lA. A Tribute to an Aunt Minnie Grey shares this story of her family’s rediscovery of her long-lost aunt, Maggie, who suffered a debilitating disease that forced her to live near medical care in the ui fº MAKIVIK ARCHIVES South. Maggie’s determination and positive character deems her to be a cherished role Minnie Grey model for us all.

xCst9lz xˆNZk5 scst/sMs3ymKz kvcExzi4 µr hen I was very young, my mother told me that she had a WcruÅ6 szy5gusa5hi c9lˆi. xWE5n1qèMs3ym/C Wyounger sister named Maggie Qaki who lived very far away hj5 kvz ci1qgusa7m¯5 x7ml ckwoJ[is7m¯5. amongst the white people. Naturally, I asked her why her sister grytbsoMs3ymKz Ö8N µr xs9Mtb[isQxz ᐋ8ix[7j5 had to live so far away and how that happened. ybmsJ3ggw8Ni4 srsc3hi døuA5 ᐋ8ig[isZu. cspyJ[î5, She explained to me that Maggie had been sent away to Ö4fx xˆN5yxf4v scst/[iso3mb µrÅ6 xfix¬ExcMz7m5 the hospital when she was only eight years old because she had ᐋ8ixMEc3ifzk5. injured her back. As it turned out, my grandparents were told whmò8NXMs3Sz x/Zi4 bfMs3ym1qbCi4, ryxi that Maggie would have to stay for a very long time due to a seri- ybmsJ1qZ3gi4 srsco3hz gnoMs3ymJA5 gdJ[isQxzi4. ous illness. xoxN1qg7mEsymJ6 vtyMs3ymMzA8âExu4 cspMs3ym1qbCi4 I often thought about my aunt whom I had never met, but x/Zi4. when I was seven years old word came that she had died. I was b3é5 ˆymo3mb g5nl5g[is5hb, xˆN5yxC trbso- devastated that I would never get to meet my unknown aunt. Ms3ymJ6 µrs2 Wdtoµq8k5. x9MbcMs3ymJ5 ᐋ8ixys3tu5 Months after hearing of the sad news, my grandmother m5yu5 µru4 gJ3uxÌMs3g[i3u5 WxCst9lA Ì4fkzl wMŒi4 received all of Maggie’s belongings. There was a letter from a Dr. WD3[c3hi. Ì4fx x9MA5pAt[isymJ5 ᐋ8ixys3tmE7u4 m5yu4, Mutch who had taken in Maggie as a young child and she grew wk5t©3ht4, scsyc3ht9l µrs2 ßmtz k3òN3g[isiC3hA up being a part of his family. This letter had been written for Dr. WM5bso3hi. x5pax3bcMs3ymJ5 µr1axu4 wl[zî5gu4, Mutch, in syllabics, and said that Maggie’s heart had stopped dur- x7ml Ì8N ᐋ8ixys3tmE4 sc3g[is7uhi Ì8N µr xuhk5 ing surgery. There were pictures of Maggie in her coffin, and Dr. Mutch’s letter went on to say that Maggie had been a very popular and happy young woman, and that there had been over 500 friends in attendance at her funeral. I remember spending many hours at my grandmother’s looking at all of Maggie’s photo albums, which had been included with her belongings. As I never met her, I tried to get to know her through those pictures. It was also through the pictures that I found out she had once visited her family in Kangirsuk. Those pictures must have been her treasures, her link to her family so far away. There are also pictures of her as a little girl in a hospital bed, a happy smiling teenager with her friends, then a professional young woman working as a nurse aid at the hospital in Hamilton, Ontario. There are also many pictures of her with Inuit patients from all over the Arctic. There is a very special picture of her and Lali Annahatuk Bently. As we all know, Lali is now blind and

her eye condition forced her to go to a southern hospi- magazine

eu3Dxq5 tal as a little girl. Maggie was working at that hospital COMPLIMENTS: MINNIE GREY µr i[x3yxÇWs5hi ᐋ8ix[7u w9ouî5hi xgx3yJ6. and took care of her own niece, which must have made Maggie as a young child reading in her hospital bed. mr[4f5 her very happy. MAKIVIK 16 17 xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Maggie Qaki

There are pictures of her and Mary Paningusiq as young women dressed in their traditional clothes as part of an official function somewhere in Ottawa. They are truly beautiful in those pictures and were perfect ambassadors of the Inuit in those days. All these years, I have yearned to learn more about Maggie Qaki and it was a couple of years ago that I mentioned to my cousin Lizzie Putulik, that we should go through the old albums. The letter from Dr. Mutch never made any reference to where they were from and where Maggie was buried. We knew that she had worked at the Hamilton hospital, but that was all we knew. µr crl uxp XiAy3l x7ml xaᑏ4 x5pos3bsic3ht4 Then last spring, my aunt Pasha Simigak spoke to Lizzie about

COMPLIMENTS: MINNIE GREY w9l[Zs2 wlxî1axt9lQ5. her desire to find and visit the grave of her sister. It was then that Maggie Qaki and Mary Paningusiq and two men at a photo shoot with our search started. We found out through Mary Paningusiq that props depicting the inside of an igluq. Maggie had been raised in a small town in Ontario called Maxville, and that is where she was buried. cspm/[isQxz xoxh5hil s[4vshi x3Nshi, x7ml %)) szÌk3gi4 Wctq5 g5ys/st9lA ÉymJ[is5ht4. xsMpKz xuh7mE8i4 Ü?9MAy3gXQxu4 xˆN5yxfvi eu3DhQ5 µrs2 x5paxq5, trtbscb[i3i4 WsoixZq8k5. vtMs3ymMsJ1qN4f, cspmZhxMsJ/C x5paxtA5. x5pax5 bf5hQ5 gryMsJKz xbsyx3hi w8ixg[isQxz wMuk5 vq3hj5. Ö4fx x5pax5 W9ME[iE?9ä/q5, Wg5ymAtQ5hQ5 wMuk5 szy5gü5gk5. x5pax3bcMsJ7uJ6 i[x3yxa5hi ᐋ8ix[s2 w9ozî5hi, dz5hil s[4vso3hi Wctq9l, x7ml s[4vshi x3Nshi WNh5tlA ᐋ8ixys3tj5 wvJ3tshi ᐋ8ix[7u çu9b8, x8tspsu. xuh7mE8i4 x5pax3bcMsJ7uJ6 wMc3hi wk8i4 x8ix[ox3ymJi4 Nroµ6 srs3bgu5 WymJi4. x5paxc3uJ6 x/Zi4 wMc3tlA Mo ᐋNcb4 Wx8ou4. cspmJw8NsKA5 Ì8N Mo bsg1q©oExz x7ml wp3loCu c9lˆk5 x8ix[oxExcMeymJ6 i[x3yxaq8Nhi. µr WNh5t[isymJ6 Övi ᐋ8ix[7u vmc5bhil N7ui6 x1zui4, Ì5hjzl xoxh5tb[isJ5nshi. x/Zi4 x5paxc3uJ6 wMc3hi uxp XiAy3u4 s[4vsht4 x8kÇ3ym5ht4 x8kÇgc3i4 hZhx3htrx6 Nirx6 xg¿ü5ht4. Ì4fx COMPLIMENTS: MINNIE GREY WsJ7mEx¬Ó4 x5paxu x7ml wk8k5 x3dtQ/s5yxg[is5ht4 wkgw8â5 eg3zq5 s/uymtbs5ht4 ᐋ8ix[7u5 xi3Cuk5 Ö4fNi s9li. X3Ng5. Inuit children wearing tags prepared to leave the hospital for home. bm4fNi x3ÇÅymo3gi, wo5yQx9MDmymo3dz µr crs2 u5ñk5 x7ml m3DZ˜4 x3ÇÅ4 yKixA5 scoMsJKz cb1atZk5 oy Sgo7j5 x5paxgc3i4 eu3DctQAm5hA. Ì4fx ᐋ8ixys3tmEs2 With some help from a longtime family friend, we were able to m5ys2 x9Mb[iq5 scsycMsJ1qg5 Nr WJ[is7m¯b Nil locate the graveyard through a person in Maxville who had known µr wl[3bsi3m¯5. cspmMsJA5 WNh5t[isQxz çu9b8 the Mutch family. I was given the phone number of a Margaret ᐋ8ix[zi, ryxi bm5huzgx6 cspmMsJA5. Mutch Rowat who now lives in Ottawa. Margaret, by the way, was Öm sW3znsMs3gu, x/Z Ùn yuZ6 sçcto[isyMsJ6 Maggie’s little sister and she appears in many of the old photos oyu4 bfixDmiC3hi kv3ub wl[zi4. Övz5 ei3iK5 as a little girl. WQxyMsJK6. uxp XiAy3tA5 cspoMsJKA5 µr WD3n/[isQxz I contacted Margaret, who was just thrilled to know who I x8tspsu Maxville kNozi x7ml Övi wl[3ymQxzi4. was and why I was calling. After all these years, she herself had wvJ3bshb wM5tk5 xfixl4 WctQ/so3gj5, NiyA8NyMsJKA5 wondered how she could contact Maggie’s family whom she knew wl[zi4 Maxville–usj5 wvJ3bshb cspmJ[i3j5 m5+fi4 was from northern Quebec, but she didn’t know how to go about wMŒ8i4. É5gbsMsJKz Ì5hm Margaret Mutch Rowat y?izi4, doing that. She was only 14 when her “big sister” died. xg¿3usao3gu4. Ì8N mf/5 µrs2 kv1ax[iz x7ml Ì8N My qatak (close cousin), Lizzie and I made arrangements

xuh[5hi x5pos3bsc5bi3uJ6 i[x3yxA¬q8Nhi. through Makivik to get special fare for our aunt Pasha and our magazine

eu3Dxq5 sçM[cyMsJKz µf/5u4 xJá9osg7mEsMJ6 cspmQx3m uncles Yassi Annahatuk and David Pinguapik. They finally arrived rNs7m¯5 hj9l sçM7m¯3m. bm4fNi x3ÇÅymo3gi, Ì8N in Montreal on November 22nd. mr[4f5 N7ui6 whmc5bymJ6 ck6 sçM[cChx3gns7m¯3u µrs2 The next day, we took off for Maxville in two cars: my broth- MAKIVIK 18 19 µr cr Story Title

wMq8i4 cspmMsJ/q8i4 fÑ4 b3CziusaQxq5, ryxi ckwos3gnsQxu4 NlJ[i6. Ì8N !$–gw8Ni4 srso[i6 Ì8N >xzJ1axz> wªA8ât9lA. cbZl Gcb1at5nClH, oy mr{[f8i4 x3dtc3hk4 ᐋ3ehwoMsJKA4 xrr9oQx3ymJu4 cz5bstÌ3tyZhxy5hk4 x/K8i4 Ùnu4 xzK8il ÷y ᐋNcb3ul Ì[t WaxW7ul. Ì4fx m8gpxj5 tr5nCboMsJ5 ª[7WE @@–u. csgx3m5 Maxville–oxyMsJA5 m3Dwi4 kN4fÔc3hb: xiZ wä5/ x3Nzl yx/ wMc3ht4 Ì[tu4; x7ml x/Zl xzZl oyl É2Xzî5tlb. X3âiymMsJKA5 vtyMziC3hb mf/5u4 xatzi9l Maxville–u wl[3i. sN µrs2 x5paxz bf5nsJ6 kxfl7uk5 wonW cs4Ü gvM7j5 w5/bsQxz. bfA8Ny5nCboMsJKA5 x/[i3m wl[zi4. wl[zb COMPLIMENTS: MINNIE GREY Here, Maggie looks like her niece, Elisapi Kauki Tukalak. ixd3bozi x9MbsymJcMsJ6 xtzi4, wªo3[zbl gd[zbl s9lq8i4. Ì8N @(–gw8Ni4 srsco3hi gdJ[i6 !(^$–u. er Elijah and his wife Sarah with David; and my aunt, uncle and Lizzie, with myself. We had arranged to meet Margaret and her husband in Maxville at the graveyard. We finally got to see my aunt’s grave. On a small headstone, her name, her birth and death year were written. She was only 29 years old when she died in l964. Margaret had arranged to take us to see their old house where they had grown up, but we could not go inside as her brother had sold it just this past August. But, the house was next to a very beautiful Anglican church where my aunt used to go with Margaret’s maternal grandmother, so our group went in to say a prayer of thanks. We also went to a bazaar sale in the basement of this church, where we met some ladies that knew Maggie in their young days. We saw the old school that she had attended, but it was all boarded up. We spent the rest of the day visiting an old family friend of the Mutch’s where Maggie and her friends passed a lot of their days when they were growing up. Our host, Mrs. Helen Hunter had been Maggie’s music teacher in school and had been especially close to her. She shared all her fond memories with us. It was a wonderful, touching visit where we were finally able to get all our COMPLIMENTS: MINNIE GREY unanswered questions answered. Our short visit to Maxville even x1¯W7ui4 Mo ᐋNcb4 Wx8ou4 É2Xc3hi. With little niece, Lali Annahatuk Bentley. made a story in their local paper. What we learned from this visit is that Maggie Qaki did not

µf/5j5 bfix3tbsyMsJKA5 w9l[iz8i4 WD3n[QMs3b[izi4, ryxi wtD8NMsJ1qgA5 Ì5hm xiz is3DtQo3ims4 xsA+tsMs3gu. ryxi Ì8N w9l6 xzov4f5 g5yx[zb nixîMsJ6 x/Zk5 É[sc5bg[i3u4 xˆN5yxaxzk9l, bZ wMŒ5hb ÉyMsJKA5 Nf3üi3u4 g5yxicEx3ghb. hNZM8i4 is[x5nc3tyt9lA Ì8N g5yx[4 ÉMsJ7uJA5 vty5hbl x3â5 wMq8i4 cspmJ[i3i4 µru4 s[4vsq8Nht4. bfMsJKA5 wo8ixEx3[Qc5bb[izi4, ryxi s4fxt3bsmoMsJ6. s9l6 ho xux4fq8Nm5 S˜ExyMsJKA5 Ö4fx m5yf5 Wctgc[iq8i4 NJZ8ˆ[iq8i4 µrs2 s9li WD3nhi. Ì8N S˜MsJ/K5 exM8 c8g µrs2 wo8ixt5yp[iz i5/l5ÌDti4 wo8ix[7u x7ml Ì5hjz ci5bo[isiCMs3hi. Ì5hjz

si4vst/sMsJKA5 w3csmQ/q8i4. bm8N S˜Ex3iEMs3bK5 magazine

eu3Dxq5 x5gbsN3©MsJK6 bm4fx rs/sA8Nc5bym1qg5 xWEstQ?5bK5 w[Z3g6 hc5yNhx3hi, ᐋ8ixJoExa5hi rs/sA8NyoMsJ7mb. bm8N S˜Ex3iEMs3bK5 xfisq©Zlx6 ᐋ8ixys3tmE7j5 ᐋ. W. WxKoj5. COMPLIMENTS: MINNIE GREY Weaving to pass the time, under the care of Dr. A. B. Beverly. mr[4f5 si4vsyE/s5nmEMsJ6 Maxville kNozb gnC5nq8i4 MAKIVIK 18 19 csbµ3ystq8i. have an injured back, but gryMs3SA5 S˜Ex3i- was ridden with the terri- EMs3bK8i4 Ì8N µr cr ble disease, tuberculosis. døuA5 ᐋ8iymJ[isqQxzi4, The TB had spread so ᐋ8ix[xl5hi sux3Jxu ¥tcsu ryxi ᐋ8ixbo[isQxzi4 much through her young x5pos3bscto xˆNui ui ᐋNcb7u4

wrmJ6 É2Xc3hi uxp XiAy3u4. COMPLIMENTS: MINNIE GREY S?9lN3gu4. bm8N S?9lN3g6 body that if she had not COMPLIMENTS: MINNIE GREY vq3hj5 w8ixymAtui. On board the C. D. Howe with Mary tuzk5 w3Xg[isifzk5 stayed hospitalized she Maggie with her mother, Minnie Paningusiq. Annahatuk, during a visit to Kangirsuk. ᐋ8ix[7üqgxDi gd5nst- would have died. She QZ/3g[is5hi. s[4vshi spent her young years ckwA8âX9oxChxoMsJ6, ᐋ8ixys3txW7ühi WctÌ[i3ui4. recuperating, staying with a nurse who had befriended her. The Ì8N ᐋ8ixys3tmE8k5 vq3hj5 st3tbso3iuJ6 doctors sent her back to Kangirsuk when they felt that she was ckw9lxgE5yA8âgxCu4. ryxi Ì8N xfî9lxi5/q5g¬î5 well enough. But her stay was short-lived because she was much krc1qlx3iCu yMu Wlx3X§üZhx3hi bZ st3tbs- too weak for the harsh weather and she was sent back to the gw8No3g[i6 ᐋ8ix[7j5. hospital. ᐋ8ixys3tmᕇ5 Öm grÌo3g[î5 µr Ömzoµ6 c9lˆî- The doctors then decided that Maggie would have to stay in Qxco3tlA, ᐋ8ix[s2 nixî9li, ᐋ8ixui5 x8NsmQxc3izk5. the South permanently, close to medical care, in order for her to Ö8N ᐋ8ixys3txW4, mf/5 ᐄm8, µru4 vmJ[isJ6 yK9oÙu survive her illness. The nurse, Margaret Emond, who had previ- ᐋ8ix[ox3ymt9lA, vmtbsyJ[i6 eid/s5hi wMŒaJ3i4 ously taken care of Maggie during her first stay, was then given Ì5huz vmZ/3gu4. Öµ4 bZ Ì4fkz m5+fk5 WD3n/soMs3g[i6 the responsibility to find her a good family that would take care of WxCE/s÷o3hi N7ui3ÌE/s5hi. her. That is how she ended up with Dr. and Mrs. Mutch who raised µr ᐋ8ixAto[isK6 S?9lN3gu4 nsiq9l her as one of their children. h3Cbs7mE5g[is5ht4. WM5bshi ᐋ8ixzªozJ3u4 Maggie suffered from the ravages of TB and ᐋ3eQxEZhx3ht4, s[izbl wMz8i4 ᐲ3y[s5hi, her bones had been severely affected. During the ß7mtz k3òNMs3g[i6. mrs2 ckwqyx3iz surgery to correct a problem related to this, and Ws5yxi1q©K6, ryxi wªycExu4 N9oQ/c3iCu while undergoing a skin graft, her heart stopped. ᐋ8ixys3txW7j5 wvJ3tDo3iuJ6. Öm5hi, Maggie’s health was frail, but she loved life and xg3ic9ME5g[isJ6 wkw5 xf3zA5 xq3Cui4 became a nurses’ aid. In doing so, she also played eàQxc3ymJk5 xfixl4 x5pŒqgi4 ckwq- a vital role among the Inuit who had to leave home yx3ij5 Wâlbc3gi4. xbsyx3hi sW3¯f5 for long periods of time due to various health ᐋ8ix[7u4 sux3Jxu ¥ᑏcsu4 WNhxMs3iuJ6 reasons. She even worked one summer on the X3i©ox3hi wcl8kl ÉJ[is5hi. hospital ship C.D. Howe and went to Pangnirtuuq Ì5huz x3NmE7u4 cspm÷c3gÔ÷oMs3Sz u¥+ m5+, µrs2 and Iqaluit. xˆN1ax[iz c9lˆ5

wªyoµCi, wªoMs3ymCb3tNz ho kNz8i. COMPLIMENTS: MINNIE GREY I feel that I have known this incredible wom- stMs3gÜ8Ng[ist9lA wMuk5 !(%^–u. Mrs. Mutch, Maggie’s an all of my life, although I was not even born when wMui4 eàQxcMeymJ6 ᐋ8ixuk5 xq3Cc3hil southern mom. she temporarily returned to visit our family in 1956. szy5gmE7u wkgw8Nsq5g5 xf3zi. Ws5nmE2Sz She was forced to leave her family for her health W?9otb[iq8i4 xfisq©Zlx6 wªyc3hi. Ì8N and lived very far away amongst non-Inuit. I really w5/Z5nsK6 bf5nst5yi3m5 hNgw8NüoClxD5b, s?5tî5gcC5b admire her achievements during her short life. She is a role mod- wªy5ti hNhxDtQA8Nb5ti4. el who demonstrated that no matter what the situation we are in, wMŒ8iK5 xKzsoQx9Mymo3g5, wMQ5hQ5 m5yf5 Ö4fxoµ3l we have it within to do what we can in our lives. wMsJ[î5 crs2 wªyzk5. mf/5 Î?5 wo8ixt5ypsK6 Our family is now extended, with the Mutches and all those xg¿u, xizl ᑏ[5 m5+ ᐋ8ixys3tmEs5hi m8gpxu, who were a part of Qaki’s life. Margaret Rowat is a teacher in xiQ7u/zl, ÷8, n5WxEusa5hi xzJzl SEt+ Ottawa, her brother David Mutch is a doctor in Montreal, anoth- vM7Wxusa5hi. ᐋ8ixys3txW4 µru4 NipA5pMs3g6 Perth, er brother, John, is in Sudbury and a sister is in British Columbia. Ontario–usaJ6. s=ANMs3g6, µrs2 >xˆN1ax[iz> m3Îi The nurse who found them for Maggie is living in Perth, Ontario. x3ÇÅ8i wªA8âymoMs3g6 x7ml Ì8N ᐋ8ixys3tmE4 m5y Regretfully, Maggie’s “mom”, Mrs. Mutch, passed away two years gdo3iu5hi raixA5 xfisqg6. xyq5 wMQ/s7uJ5, s?zl, ago and Dr. Mutch died not too long after her death. Other family X3NX9oxZhx3g5 S˜Ex˜3lt4 exM8 c8gu4 sW3¯ao3X5 members, including myself, are planning to visit Mrs. Hunter dur- xq3Czi Maxville–u x7ml iEs˜3hz vty˜Exu4 m5yf5 ing the summer at her home in Maxville and I hope to meet the wMoµq8i4 Ì5huzl mf/5 ᐄm8u4. rest of the Mutch family as well as Mrs. Emond. r=Zg3hQ5 xˆNZl, x/Zl xz4vl xyoµq9l ᐋNcb4f5 On behalf of my mother, my aunt and uncles, and the rest of wMoµq5, Nf3üDt4vi4 wk8ªEKz wªyccbsJ[3ii4 µru4 the extended Annahatuk family, all my gratitude goes to those peo-

eu3Dxq5 x7ml Öà5ht4 wªyc5yxt5yi3mb xoxN3©t5yht9l. Nf3übs6 ple who shared life with Maggie, and in doing so made it full and mr{[f5 Ó+5 wx4fl xsMAti4 xrr9oQx3tyMs3mb x/Zk9l happy. Thanks also to Makivik and First Air for all your help in pro-

mr[4f5 x¯4vk9l. viding travel discounts for my aunt and uncles. 20 mr{[s2 N9osi3ysht4 vtmi7mEz Makivik’s Festive AGM

mr{[f5 x3ÇAbµ3ystui4 vtmic3iz9l S[3igul xStu9l N9osi3ysDtc3is?5g6 xbs5yf3ym9lxt9lQ4 ÷i à xbsyov9Mf5 trMsJ6 X3Mt5yQx3ghi µ5p @^-at9lA. Ì8N Ù2 ux§2 x5pox[iz si4vsy3bq8i4 øn dW3Dxl4 x9Ma3tyt9lA. The Makivik annual general meeting and coinciding Puvirnituq snow festival brought Johnny May and his Beaver aircraft to the community for a candy drop this past March 26th. Photo by Bob Mesher. Story by Lisa Koperqualuk and Bob Mesher. eu3Dxq5 mr[4f5

20 mr{[f vtmi7mEz5 Makivik’s Festive AGM

9MeJ6, ye8ig6, ms/sZil he skies were clear, the sun was shin- xxSy3ym5yxg6 S[3i©2 ƒzi kNul – Ting, and firm snow covered Puvirnituq’s xî3Nyx7mE5hi yMu Waxiq8i kNos2 river and land — perfect weather for the x3CAbµ5 xSyEi3j5 xbs5yƒcbs5hi outdoor activities of the community’s mr{[s2 vtmi7mEzk5 m5p @%u5 annual snow festival that coincided with @*j5, @))#. xoxQ/s7mE§6 xSyEi3j5 Makivik’s annual general meeting (AGM), Waxi3Jx6 vtAts§6 wk8k5 nNaxtk5 from March 25th to 28th, 2003. The pop- WJ5ns÷3gk9l S[3igu szy5gxl7ux˜5 ular snow festival brings Inuit artists and

xfr5gu5 kNÓ5u9l. gn3i÷3tyc5bht9l SAMMY KUDLUK ambitious athletes to Puvirnituq from s8kbµ5, xuh5 sxDtŒ5tyA8Ny5ht4 as far away as Akukittuq and Nunavut. WNhx3iui4 xoxaxi3ui9l. vtmi7mEox3g5 trx/MsJ5 Musical performances took place each evening, giving many @$u, S[3i©2 fxXzb yi5b[zk5 wk8k¬8î5 b7µht4. an opportunity to mix business and pleasure. Delegates of the xgw8ND3tnaxoMsJ5 s9lk5 òJk5 scctQAtsix3gk5 @) AGM had arrived on the 24th, settling in either the Puvirnituq szÌi grjxAtc3ht4. vtmi7mEcMsJ5 Co-op Hotel or with a host family. Diligently Wax[zi S[3i©2 wAx3y[s2 they prepared themselves for the ensuing won3[zi. days of discussion as there were over 20 ybmi s9li ñzyMsJ5 mr{[s2 items on the agenda. The AGM was held WNhx3bq8i4 ñz/q8il. yK9oXsc- in the gymnasium of Puvirnituq’s Iguarsivik bsMsJ5 gnC5nsJ5 ®Nsè5. ®Ns/oEº, School. x8bi w5gñ5 gry/st5yMsJ6 ®Nsè5 Four days were dedicated to mat- ckwozstQ/q5 h3CbsmQxq5 yM3Jxu ters relating to Makivik projects and files. ®Nsè5 ckwozo3iq8k5, mr{[f5 Among the first reports given was the WA8NyxMsClx3ht4 %.*¶ st3bsAti4, finance report. The treasurer, Anthony wvJ3y/s5ht9l W5yxiEMs3bq8k5 Ittoshat, explained how the financial sit- tuxDdtq5b ®Ns/tA5. uation of the past year was influenced by

m3DMEsÔ4 WNh5bsÔ4 w9loEi3u BOB MESHER the general downturn of the world stock µtsy glZ6 t4fg3g6 g1zhdpAts5hi nSlboEi3ul, si4vsysMsÔ4 vt- x9MymJdtzi4 kNoub. markets, although Makivik did have a pos- mJk5 ®Ns/tA9l ckwozstQ/q5 Matiusi Tulugak points to the sign welcoming itive return of 5.8%, which was coupled nNis9l W?9oxizi4. bmgjz visitors to his home community. with the general good performance of the xWEst9ME3bcMsJqg6. Clx3tlA, Corporation’s subsidiary companies. xWEst9ME4 kwbsoMsJ7uJ6 cszi w9loEi3jxzJ6 Two main projects, having to do with housing and marine - mr{[u vtmQx3ymJisqg6, uyx9 og3ªj5, g3cb3[4 infrastructure, were relayed to the assembly and an update Gui+bH vmQ/c3hi sz?u4, scsy5nui9l scomMsJ6 on its financing and the construction progress was given. No s9lw5 É2Ùi vtmi7mE7u. significant questions were raised regarding these files. A serious question, however, was posed the following day in vNbs2 v?mzb r4Zg3tz ® ¥8-Ôox8 Gnsu3y6H x5pos3bsJ6 Wb SÉ regards to housing — not to the Makivik assembly, but w5gv9Ms2 yf5hi nN1axb[izb nixî5hi. x5paxuctsJ5 wcl9l Ïä kbÇl9l WxÇ8i4 wMc3ht4. to Michel Letourneau, the Minister Responsible for the Liberal MP Guy St-Julien (left) posed with this ice sculpture made by Peter Boy Ungava District, who had taken the opportunity to pres- Ittukalak. Seen also are Echalook and Caroline Nutaraaluk with two children. ent a speech on day two of the AGM. Raymond Menarik, a delegate from Chisasibi, explained the housing crunch for the Inuit living in his home community. Chisasibi is considered a First Nations reserve, and so its housing program benefits the Cree. The housing shortage affects the Inuit because they can benefit from a federal housing program unrelated to the housing program on reserves. And unless an Inuk is married to a Cree, or consider themselves to be Cree even though are part Inuk, they face a serious housing shortage. The Nunavik Housing Program also does not apply in Chisasibi as this program is meant only for the Nunavik territory. When asked how the Inuit of Chisasibi could be

helped to resolve this problem, Letourneau replied that magazine

eu3Dxq5 he was scheduled to travel to Chisasibi in the near future and would be happy to meet with Raymond to find ways mr[4f5 BOB MESHER of alleviating their housing shortage. MAKIVIK 22 23 xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Story Title

iDx3bsmi3ui4 xiAD5/sJ6 Ôy w. g9MsZ6 GyKxi3yH x?lbsmJ6 mr{[s2 S3gi3nq8k5 Gnsuxi5-bo3Wxk5H Wb ᐋbu, ᐋbu xMf. ᐋ8bi w5gñ5 x7ml ÷p Ít, Ì4fkz sWQ/sicMsJ6 x3ÇAi xuhi mr{[f8k5 S[3ig3usk5 r4Zg3tsiEMs3buk5. BOB MESHER Outgoing Puvirnituq board member, Jose E. Tullaugak (front), surrounded by executive members (L-R) Pita Aatami, Adamie Alaku, Anthony Ittoshat, and George Berthe, who was honoured by the Corporation for his many years of service.

Em8 miC/6, ynyWus6 gry/st5yQxMsJ7uJ6 The Saputiit Youth Association made a presentation as well, w9loE/si4f5 whw9ozstq8i4 wkw5 kNozi. ynyW bringing their concerns to the fore in regards to help that youth x9ä5 kˆozb wlxî7m5, w9loE/sAtq5 x9MkxzJ5. often need and the difficulty they have in expressing their needs. w9lwix3i6 h3êJ6 wk8i4 W[cD8Nmb v?mgc4f5 Saputiit has been hugely successful in creating programs that w9lc3tystq8i4 wMsqME5gu4 w9lc3tyi3j5 x9ä5 have brought jobs and support for youth in collaboration with kNoq8i. wk4 É2XcqgxDi x9Mu4, x9MsiCqgxCu9l the Nunavik Regional Board of Health and Social Services. They wkzÔZlxDt4, w9lwix9ME5g5. kN[7ul w9los3ij5 continue to express their desire to participate in issues such as wvJ3ymst4 wozZi ynyWj5 yMÌî7m5 kN[s2. xWE/sZu beluga management, and also discussed the elders and youth ck6 wkw5 ynyWus5 wvJ3y/sA8Nm¯b bmgjz Wâlbj5, conference that took place in Inukjuak earlier in the month. og3ª rsMsJ6 ynWyox3is/3iC3hi c7uf5 vty˜Dm5hil Other reports that were presented included those from Em8u4 xeQxDt5ni4 w9lwix3ij5 scsyc˜Cu4. the subsidiary companies such as Nunavik Creations, Air Inuit nSᑏ5 s[Z3gw5 vg5pctŒ8iz scsycMsJ7uJ5 and First Air, on the Sanarrutik Agreement and Economy, the whµ¬tui4 s[Z3gw5 wvJ3y/sQxc§aiq8i4 ÖmzZM4 Nunavik Research Center, as well as the outstanding issue of dog Wâlbc3ht9l gry/st5yZhxEx6 ramQ/ui4. nSᑏ4f5 W/cD8Nyym5yxg5 wvJ3ymstos3if5 kw5yJi4 WNhZ3i4 ño Ns4vDx6 xuhk5 w9loi3u4 WytsostAto8k5 wMsMsJ6. nS7u/sAtq8il s[Z3gw5 wvJ3tŒ5ht4 kN[7u Charlie Nowkawalk was one of the many who participated in the Igluq building contest. kNooµk5 vtmpi4 wlyoEi3u wªyoEi3ul. wMs[cDm5yxht9l W5JtsJk5 s5©tQlA eMl- ZoEi6, scsyc3ht9l vtmiEMs/zi4 wkgò5 s[Z3gwl wk5Jxu be6 Ì8N WQxcust9lA. xyq9l si4vsysMsJ5 tuxDdtq8i5 s5©tQlA kN[7u nNá5, wkw5 cz5bÔq5 K+wxfl, nNDtj9l xqctŒAt4 x7ml mr5bZhxDᑏ5, kN[7u cspn3[4 xyq9l vmQ/sq8Ng5 e7üD5/symi3u4 !(%)i !(^)i9l ckw¬Dtsiq8i4. bm4fx W7mE7u4 xWEstbcMs- Jqg5 xfisqg3l scctŒAtsc5bht4. ÖàZlx3tlA, s9loµvn5yx6 WzJx8i vtmi7mEs2 N7ui6-v?m5noEMsJ5. WQxDtc3ht4 scomt9lQ5 kN[s2 xqctŒZhx3tq5 ui fº, cp glZ6,

mr wm3Ml, xr8Nu bf5nst5yht9l si4Ïbui4. magazine

eu3Dxq5 W?9oxymizi4 N7ui6 -v?moEis2 kN[7u whmAy5ti9l Wix3ioEi4f5 wiQ/5ti9l. gryN3ty5ht4 mr[4f5 BOB MESHER rNoµ4fkxzJi4 tusJi4 WAmi3nsc5bymQx5ti4 MAKIVIK 22 23 mr{[f vtmi7mEz5 Makivik’s Festive AGM

slaughters that that occurred in the 1950s and 1960s. These report issues did not pose any major questions or prolonged discussion. Nearly all of day three of the AGM, however, was spent on the issue of Nunavik self-government. The day began with a talk from the Nunavik negotiators, Minnie Grey, Harry Tulugak, and Maggie Emudluk, accompa- nied by a slide show presentation. They gave the history behind self-government in Nunavik and our approach toward it within the political context within which we find ourselves. They explained how we opted for public institutions to administer and service all of the territory, rather than the ethnic, reserve-based system that most other Canadian Aboriginal groups operate within. Being in a province, it is necessary to negotiate with both the provincial and federal governments, and so far a Negotiations Framework Agreement is at the signing stage. (See side- mr{[f5 x3ÇAbµ3ystui4 vtmiz8i WA8Ny[5yxaMs3d6 bf/3gi3u4 bar article, p.26.)

wo5yA8Nbgw8Nui4 wo8ixᑏ5 won3bsAtQ§z8i4 NÙ3g[i3i4 w9äAt5n/u4 BOB MESHER yM2Wxo8i4 c/os3iu4. A discussion surrounding self-government followed The AGM provided an opportunity to visit the workshop in which Puvirnituq’s IPL the presentation, and many had points to make. It was students learn how to build cedar strip kayaks covered with fiberglass. realized that Nunavik self-government plans are based on a construction process rather than on deconstruction. xsM5yix3gi4 kN[7u, wk8kgw8Nsozqgi4, kˆW7ukxzJi4 Most expressed support on the negotiations process, while oth- ryxi xsM5yAtc§at9lQ5 xyK5 kNogò5 vNbu. ers expressed concern about matters such as language usage kNo3Maxusai4f5, xqctŒZxhctcExc3gA5 bà8i4 fÑ4fi4 and preservation, the need for youth involvement, the need to v?mgc4fi9l, µ8Nl xqctŒZhx3î5 ckwozJ5nsiq8k5 address social issues, and the necessity to work together. While xqctŒAt5n6 xtosctŒAbsgw8NExco3g6. GbflA niÇi many concerns were addressed, the majority showed support si4ÏbsJ5, m2WC6 @^-u.H for the Negotiations Framework Agreement when they passed a scctŒAtsJ6 N7ui6-v?m5noEi6 si4Ïᕇ3mb, xuh9l motion at the end of the day. In the end, 35 voted in support of scsy5no7mEs5ht4. gry/sJ6 kN[7u v?m4noEi3j5 X3NbsJ5 it, one voted against, and five abstained. nNi3ËzQxq5 yd5tEi3Ëq5g6 WQo3bt8i4. xu§i3ã5 An election for the position of corporate president was held nS7uMsJ5 xqctŒZhx3iu4, xyq9l whµ¬tc3tlQ5 sc- during the final day of the AGM, in which Annie Popert, Johnny sys2 xg3bsizi4 Wsox3bsQxc3izi9l, s[Z3gwl wMsQxc3iq8i4, wkoEi3jxJi9l WNhctŒQxc3iu9l. xuh5 whµ¬tsJ5 scsys5ht9, xu§i3ã5 nS7uMsJ5 xqctŒZhx3is2 ᐋ3eymstq8k5 xqD- tu4 N7mn3ij9l xsM5èi6 xiA3tbs5hi who5tlA s9l6. whxi iDx3bsMsJ5 #%-k5 nS5/shi, xbsy6 iDx3tNA x7ml b9om5 iDxDmZt4. iDx3icMsJ6 xzJcnu4 ra9oXzi s9lw5 vtmi7mEs2, xi SWx5, /i s{?s5 x7ml Wb ᐋbu iDx3bsZhx3tlQ5. iDx3N˜3ixo3tlA cszi, gn3nsŒ3ht4 iDxC5ã5 ˆMst4f5 gn3nsMsJ5 xWE/sc5bht4 b3Cus5 iWz4ftA5. iDx3bstZh5g5 xgi5 sc3[c3tbsçht4 iDx3bstZhxDt9ME7ui4 nS7upÌMeZhx3ht4. scÜ8Nᕇ3mb vtmi7m- Eox3ymJ5 xyq9l wMsJ5 Övi W[c3tbsMsJ5 xW3hD8Ni3u4 Ö4fiz,

xgi5 rsA8N[c3tbsc5bt9lQ5 xfisqg6. magazine

eu3Dxq5 xKzso5ÖoJu4 rsmQxcc5bht4.

Wb ᐋbu nS5pMsJ6 WsyEc5bym/ui4 ᐋo k?o1z6 S[3ig3us5 mr{[f8k5 r4Zg3tb3cuz5. BOB MESHER Ali Novalinga is Puvirnituq’s new Makivik director. mr[4f5 mr{[j5 xzJca5hi, W?9oxymiC3hA MAKIVIK 24 25 xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Story Title

BOB MESHER x3ÇAbµ3ystu4 vtmic3is2 w¬8Nz bf5hA Overview of the AGM.

yKo3tlA µ8Nj5 W9MEst5yhil wMst5yyx3iu4 wkoµi4 Oovout, and Pita Aatami were running. In advance of voting day, W9ME7u grÌChx3Xt9lQ5 kN[7ËozJi4. ‘wvJDmiCk5 time was taken out for a live debate that was aired to all Nunavik wªctvi4 iDx3bsAmst9MEZ’ ÖàoMsJ6. communities via Taqramiut Nippingat radio. The three candidates xWEstsMsJ5 woz5ht4 WNhZ3i4 kw5yi3j5, were given an opportunity to introduce their campaign points and s[Z3gkxzJ5, nS7ui3j5 wk8i4 m8gpx3usi4, x5paxo8i4 hopefully to convince voters to their side. Following these self Nlâ4fbos3i6, wkw5 WJ8Nstq5 §aiq9l kN[s2 v?mzb introductions, AGM participants and other beneficiaries were kÌ2 xÌi, x7ml gnsmt5yyxExc3i6 wk8i4 W9MEsJi4. invited to pose questions for the three, and each was given strict xgi5 W[c3tbsoMsJ7uJ6 k3cExDtui4 scsyc3iuJ6 periods of time to respond. It was a situation in which each con- iDx3bsAmstuk5, xoxQ/s5ht4 Xt5b?3JxDtsy7uht4 testant had to respond succinctly without rambling on. Pita Aatami defended his past record as Makivik president, describing the progress that has evolved under his leadership so far and also the importance that he places on involving all Inuit with important decisions regarding Nunavik. “The fact that I want to help my fellow Inuit is my main reason for running,” he stated. Questions that arose from the floor were in regards to job creation, youth matters, support for Inuit living in Montreal, photo identification cards, and Inuit rights and powers within a new Nunavik government, and the importance of keeping the population informed on crucial issues. The three were then given a minute each to wrap up their appeal to the voters, which was followed by a loud round of applause as Johnny, Annie, and Pita congratulated each other with respect and much enthusiasm. The last day of the AGM was devoted to the rest of the agenda, which included community

reports, women’s issues, various miscellaneous magazine ¬y fºl Ôosy XWv5gl x7ml âN rxÖ8N6 b3Cus iWz5f5 gnC5nix3tq5 eu3Dxq5 gn3nst5yc5bMsJ5 vtmJi4. matters, and resolutions. Larry Audlaluk and

BOB MESHER Lucy Grey, Yuliusie Papigatuk and Naina Keatainuk of TNI were there to broadcast the Markusie Patsauq, who were among the High meeting. mr[4f5 Arctic relocatees, also made guest appearances. MAKIVIK 24 25 mr{[f vtmi7mEz5 Makivik’s Festive AGM

gÇ3g5 kN[s2 v?mzk5 Toward a Nunavik Government

x9Mbq5 øn dW3Dx¬2 By Lisa Koperqualuk

sA+t @))@–ui5, kN[s2 xqctŒZhx3tdtq5 ui ince August 2002, Nunavik negotiators Minnie Grey, Harry xfºl, çE glZ3l µr wm3Ml sçcbsc5bymo3g5 STulugak, and Maggie Emudluk have been discussing a xqctŒZhx3is2 g1z[5nq8k5 xqctŒAt5nq8i4 wMQ5hQ5 Negotiations Framework Agreement with the provincial and fÑ4fl v?mgc4fl, W/ᕇ3tbsA8NyMs3gu4 [KxEsMs3gu. federal governments, which was finalized this past February. Öà5gu4 xqctŒAtu4 WbcExc§aK6 v?mgc4f5 gÇZE7ms4 Such an Agreement abides by the federal government poli- bm4fx kNc3çymJw5 N7ui6 v?mÌChx3iq8k5 xqctŒZhx3î5 cy in that Aboriginal self-government negotiations are preceded yK9ocExc3tlQ5 g1z[5nq5b xqctŒAtq8k5. Öà8izk5, by a framework agreement. As such, a framework agreement is g1z[5nq8k5 xqctŒAᑏ5 Wd/tA5 x5hœDts5ht9¬î5 not a legal or binding document, meaning that any party may x9MdtQ/s§a5/q5g5, grc3tlA N9ogw8Nq5 r=Zg3tQ/sJ5 step out of it if they choose to do so. The framework agree- xjyA8Nt9lQ5 wMscbsAàgxDt4. Ì4fx g1z[5nq8k5 xqc- ment serves as a guideline for the procedure, principles, and tŒAᑏ5 grjxAtQ/s§5 x©t/sQxo8k5, yK9os/smQxo8kl, subjects of the negotiations. xqctŒZhxDbsJ9l W5Jtq8k5. In our case, the Negotiation Framework Agreement outlines s?5tk9o, Ì4fx xqctŒZhx3î5 g1z[5nq8k5 xqc- how negotiations will take place, and describes two phases of tŒAtsix3g5 kwbt5yAtsix3gw5 ck6 xqctŒZhx3î5 vJyt- negotiations and new block funding arrangements for a Nunavik bsc5bix3m¯b, Öyym5ht9l m3D[9lt4 WNhx3bsQxc3ixDtq8i4 government. The first phase would amalgamate all the exist- xqctŒZhx3î5 x7ml kÌu4 wlw4vsˆ3tgi4 ®Ns/c3t- ing public institutions into a unified entity — an Uqarvimarik. yAy5nsZ/3gk5 kN[s2 v?mzi4. WNhx3bsQx1zyAi This phase will be marked by an agreement-in-principle, and a vt3hbsJcC/3g6 wl8Noµq8i4 kwbŒ3gi4 wkoµi4 final agreement.

mr{[f5 kNooµ5 iDx3iz5 @))#-u5 – Makivik Universal Election 2003 µ5p @*, @))#u5 – March 28, 2003 xzJ3ç6 – President Wb ᐋi ÷i iDxD8Ng5 kNo4 iDx3g[î5 ᐋbu SS s{?s5 h4fg5 vt5ht4 Eligible % % % % % Community Voted Pita Annie Johnny Spoiled Total Voters Aatami Popert Oovout yñyW F Chisasibi 44 27 61% 15 56% 10 37% 2 7% 0 0% 27 ƒ5JxÇW4 F Kuujjuaraapik 309 153 50% 119 78% 17 11% 16 11% 1 1% 153 sus/6 F Umiujaq 169 83 49% 42 51% 25 30% 16 19% 0 0% 83 wk5Jx6 F Inukjuak 673 325 48% 153 47% 125 39% 45 14% 2 1% 325 S[3ig6 F Puvirnituq 687 304 44% 240 79% 39 13% 21 7% 4 1% 304 xfo[4 F Akulivik 247 111 45% 87 78% 14 13% 10 9% 0 0% 111 wKp[4 F Ivujivik 153 73 48% 49 67% 17 23% 5 7% 2 3% 73 n9lw5 F Salluit 559 238 43% 97 41% 98 41% 38 16% 5 2% 238 vq3hJx6 F Kangiqsujuaq 276 215 78% 114 53% 59 27% 40 19% 2 1% 215 dx3b6 F Quaqtaq 157 79 50% 30 38% 33 42% 16 20% 0 0% 79 vq3h4 F Kangirsuk 240 133 55% 92 69% 31 23% 9 7% 1 1% 133 xsXl4 F Aupaluk 64 42 66% 30 71% 12 29% 0 0% 0 0% 42 bys/6 F Tasiujaq 111 76 69% 61 80% 15 20% 0 0% 0 0% 76 ƒ5Jx6 F Kuujjuaq 880 485 55% 353 73% 116 24% 15 3% 1 0% 485 vq3hxl5Jx6 F Kangiqsualujjuaq 375 175 47% 141 81% 28 16% 5 3% 1 1% 175

m8gpx F Montréal 97 97 100% 49 51% 36 37% 10 10% 2 2% 97 magazine eu3Dxq5 vtmi7mE4 F AGM 94 93 99% 73 79% 13 14% 6 7% 1 1% 93 vt5ht4 F Total 5135 2709 53% 1745 64% 688 25% 254 9% 22 1% 2709 mr[4f5 MAKIVIK

26 27 mr{[f vtmi7mEz5 Makivik’s Festive AGM

WA5p[8i4 xbsy3j5 tuj5 - sc3[mE7j5. bm5hms2 In the second phase, additional powers and a new form WNhx3bsiz xqctŒAtxW5bcExcC/3g6, x7ml ra9oÙu of government are further discussed. New block funding xqctŒAt9MEc3uli. arrangements will be established with the collaboration of the WNhx3bsico3uAi gzoEo3bzi4, krQx9MQ/sZ/3gi4 governments of Quebec and Canada. The second phase will kÌu9l v?mAy3u4 sç/sQx9MExc3ixg5. be marked by a supplementary kÌi4 wlw4vi4 ®Ns/c3tyAy3i4 agreement, finalizing the nego- kwbsJc3li WNhxctQlQ5 fÑ4fl tiations of the three parties: vNbs9l v?mq5. gzoEo3bzîoDt4 the Nunavik party, the Quebec xqctŒAtcEx9Mix3g5, W/ᕇ3bs- government, and the federal t5ylt9l xqctŒZhx3iq8i4 government. Wzhk5 r=Zg3tQ/sJ5 sfkz, Since the finalization of kN[7us5, fÑ4f5 v?mzl x7ml this Agreement last winter, v?mgc4f5. Makivik’s board of directors Ì4fx xqctŒAᑏ5 W/ᕇ3bs- gave its approval during the Ms3tlQ5 srsaMs3gu, mr{[s2 last members’ meeting in the vtmpq5 xqDtcMsJ5 ra9oÙu first week of March, held in wMsJdtq5 vtmic3tlQ5 yK9oÙzi Kangiqsualujjuaq. This approval ui fºl, çp glZ3l µr wm3Ml gn3bst5yJ5 µ5ps2 WNhxDyz8i vq3hxl4Jxü5ht4. kN[s2 v?m5nzªozJi4 WNhxDtu8i4. accepted the Agreement, there- Ì4fx xqctŒAti4 xqDtcMsJ5, Öm Minnie Grey, Harry Tulugak, and Maggie Emudluk BOB MESHER by giving the nod to continue xq3bsixo3mb xqctŒZhxDtic3g5. present the Nunavik government file. negotiations. The federal govern- v?mgc4f5 xqDtui4 xqctŒAti4 ment has also approved of the vJyt5yymo3uJ5. Ì4fx x9Mbso3tlQ5, iEsQ/soMsJ6 Agreement. At the time of writing, it was expected that nego- xqctŒZhx3î5 kN[s2 v?m5nzi4 vJyq8NMzQxq5 tiations toward a Nunavik government would continue once the fÑ4u iDx3icᕇ3ymogx3X5. Quebec provincial election is behind us.

÷i, ᐋi x7ml Wb xoxQst5ht9l sWQst5yxi4f5 Both made a presentation, considering that this year marks the WJ5ns÷5yxi4fl. 50th anniversary of the relocation of some 37 Inukjuammiut and ra9oÙzi vtmi7mEs2 W/ᕇChxMsJ5 grjxAtü5gi4, Mitsimatalimmiut (Pond Inlet). They wished to promote a heal- kNo8i uâ5, x3NkxzJ5, ing process for all those Inuit whose xyZMq9l x7ml grÌDᑏ5. Msp lives were deeply disrupted by the fore- xs9Ml4 x7ml mfy X5ns6 d5ygj5 going government policy that resulted xs9˜tbsifw5 wMŒ4, ò3d/sm5ht4 in their relocation to the desolate High kwMsJ7uÔ4. scsy5nc3ht9l b8N Arctic. x3CA %)k x3CAk5 N9ostAtso3m5 Many participants comment- ªbsi[iz8i5 #& wkw5 wk5Jx- ed that this was the best Makivik us5 u5ymbo7usl. x8qxQ/3iu4 AGM so far in terms of efficiency of Gmun3iu4H W?9oxt5yAmJ5 bm4ftÅN operation and positive input toward

wk5tA h3Cbsm9ME5gtA5 wªy3ui mr{[f8k5 xzJ3çDZh5g5 sçic3g5. Gnsuxi5- many important concerns. Just pri-

v?m4f5 moZq8k5 xsMbsifw5 bo3Wxk5H ÷i s{?s5, ᐋi SWx5 x7ml Wb ᐋbu. BOB MESHER or to the closing prayer, which was ªbsi4f5 hNcqgj5 d5ygj5. Debating for the position of corporate president. led by Putulik Papigatuk, local comic (L-R) Johnny Oovout, Annie Popert, and Pita Aatami. xuh5 vtmQx3ymJ5 W5yxi3X- Markusi Tulugak narrated a very fun- siêc5bMs3g5 vtmi7mE7u4 xsMb- ny slide show featuring photographs of sizA5 W9MEsJi9l whµ¬tsJk5 kwtEizA5. s4fxyAtu himself in just about every imaginable profession possible within g5yxt5yMs3tNA Sgo4 XWv5g6, S[3igus6 mfy glZ6 Puvirnituq — from priest to prisoner. His opening slide, however, wJ3ñt wJ3NgCb3i4 bf5nst5yMsJ6 w7uiax6 x5paxi4 showed him beside the “welcome” sign for his home community, hNoµ5yxaaxhi S[3i©2 wlxi – xJe5gwpu5 tA/smJj5. and this sentiment was certainly felt by everyone present. s4fwyAtz, kwbt5yMsJ6 ‘gzhQ5’ MJi4 kNoz8i, Thanks were also announced to the Makivik staff, whose bm8Nl w2WQ/s5yxMsJ6 wl8âk5 trymJk5. logistical preparations and background support for the meeting

Nf3übsMsJ7uJ5 mr{[s2 WNh5tq5, xgw8ND3tyx3ymiq8k5 process were second to none. Meanwhile, those meeting par- magazine

eu3Dxq5 nS7uym5yxiq8kl vtmi3u4 W5yxg7mEx¬5ht4. ticipants who still had enough remaining get-up-an-go then got bcm9lxq8iq9l Waxgox5nqèyMsJ7uJ5 won3[s2 nixi up and went to the concluding snow festival performance at mr[4f5 kNos2 W8ax[zk5. community recreation centre beside the school. MAKIVIK 26 27 vNboµu wkw5 s[4Ül wkgò9l vtmi3JxcMs3g5 wk5Jxu

y5i ñr5 x9Mbq5, wk4tg5 eu3Dxq8i4 ᐋ3ehwp National Inuit Youth and Elders Conference in Inukjuak

By Sydney Sackett, Senior Editor for Inuktitut Magazine

k5Jxus5 hNhx3[smEMsJK5 µ5p !)-u5 !$–j5, nukjuak was a hub of activity during the week of March 10th wkNo8i vtmi3JxcMs3tlQ5 vNboµu wkw5 s[4vq9l Ito 14th, as the community hosted the National Inuit Youth and wkgcq9l. !!) szÌk3gi4 wk8i4 cz5bÔ4f5 tr5gcMsJ6 Elders Conference. Over 110 people flew in from the four Inuit ybmi5 wkw5 kNoc3[q8i5 vNbu r=Zg3tQ/sJ9l vNboµu regions of Canada, as well as representatives from national Inuit wkw5 tudtq8k5 xg¿3usa§k5. organizations based in Ottawa. bm8N vtmi3Jx6 grjx5tbsicMsJ6 The conference was coordinated by vNboµu wkw5 s[4vq5b vtmpq8k5, the National Inuit Youth Council, of which Ì8N ᐋbu Ù9M÷6 ƒ4Jxus6 Adamie Padlayat of Kujjuuaq is president. xzJçE/st9lA. >X3NChxEx6 W/ExgJ7m- “The logistics were a little nightmarish,” Esc5bMs3g6> Öào5hi scMsJK6. he said. “It took almost a year to prepare >x3ÇAoµvn7u X3NExcMs3gA5, ryxi for, but we had a lot of help from the wvJ3bsmEc5bMsC5b wkw5 tudtq8k5 regional Inuit organizations — especially – Wlx3gu4 lw svo3j5 wkw5 bWᕇ5 Looee Okalik from Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami vNbu4fi WymJj5. wk5Jxus5 wkq5 (ITK). The people of Inukjuak were just

W9MEsMs3uJ5 X3ND8Ny5yxMs3uZu4 SAMMY KUDLUK great at getting things organized for their vt1z/3ggk5 trbsMzo3ht4.> guests.” wk5Jxus5 wkq5 xfixl4 WNhxc5bMs3g5 gJ3uxui4 Indeed, the people of Inukjuak worked long hours to ensure wh3Et5yyxDmj5. !))–Zä5 wMŒaJ5 gJ3us[sMs3g5 wMq5 their visitors were comfortable. At least 100 families billeted up ybmi4 gJ3uxcc5bt9lQ5. kNø5 wq3Cstq5 wo8ixti9l to four delegates in their own homes. Local vehicle and school syv5bst4 xg3bsyxc5bMs3g5 vtmQx3gymJi4 syv5bDts5ht4 bus drivers made sure the delegates had transportation to and w8Nos2 woix[zb W1ax[zi vtm[cMsJ7mb. from the Innalik School gymnasium, where the conference was wo8ixᑏ5 wo8ixicMsJ5 Övi WNhxDy3u xuh7mE8i4 held. School was in session bf8NEx3gcc5bMs3g6 WxC3i4 d˜il w5y?Qx3gymc5bht4, that week, so a lot of curious bf8ˆht4 bf/Es3bui4. young heads peeped inside ÉEo tr5hA, lw svo6 s[4voEpsMsJK6 wkw5 the gym doors and sat up in bWᕇ5 vNbu x9M[zi, vtmi3Jxu9l grjx5typscbsMs3hi. the bleachers, shyly staring Ì8N scMsJ6 grjxAtq5 g1z[c3iC3hQ5 vNboµu wkw5 at the strangers. s[4Ü5 vtmpq8k5 kxbsmJi4. >bf8ˆlxaxc5bMs3gA5 Until April, Looee Okalik cspm/sAygc3i4 bm4fiz s[4vi4 gñc5bdpMsC5b Nr5 was the youth intervenor xÌb5yxfq5b yKoEym/q5 Wym7m¯b,> ÖàoMsJK6 svo6. with Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami, >Öàos3hQ5 bm4fx s[4Ü5 grym5yxi3nsix3g5 N7ui6 and one of the conference’s wobE/smAtui4 x7ml Ni wic9ME7m¯3u kNo8i.> coordinators. She said the c÷6 wx9+Kx+ gzoE/sK6 vNboµu wkw5 s[4vq5b agenda was based on input vtmpq8k5 x7ml kNooµtA5 s[4vi4 grjx5typQ/s5hi from the National Inuit Youth ᐋbu Ù9M÷5, vNboµu wkw5 s[Z3gq5b vtmpq5b er3bi wkw5 vg5pctŒz5 wcl8i. vtmi3u4 s4fwyic3tlQ5 Council. “We focused a lot xzJ3çz5 É2Xc3hi lᐄu4, SOHA KNEEN / ITK

sçMsJ6 vJq3ãhi vtmJi4 §aJ5yxd5hQ5 wª5yxd5hQ9l on traditional knowledge so wkw5 bWᕇ4f5 vNbu s[Z3gi4 magazine

eu3Dxq5 sdà5gi4 sçAtcogxDt4. >bysctŒ5hb ryxi WNhxctc3hbl the youth could hear where r4Zg3t[iz8i4. Adamie Padlayat, president of the wkgc5ti4 xysp˜1qMA5 scsy5ti4, wl3Dy5ti9l x7ml their parents, grandparents National Inuit Youth Council, and mr[4f5 wkw5 cspmAyq8i4,< Öµ4 scMsJK6, rNoµ4f5 whmcoDt4 and ancestors had come former ITK youth intervenor, Looee. MAKIVIK 28 29 vt1z/3gymJ5 vNboµu5 WymJ5 wkw5 s[Z3gq9l wkgcq9l vtmi3Jxc3tlQ5, wk5Jxu µ5p !)-u5 !$, @))# tr5hA. SOHA KNEEN / ITK Delegates of the National Inuit Youth and Elders Conference, Inukjuak, March 10th to 14th, 2003.

sçc5bdp5hi scsyctŒ5yxlg1qvlxDt4. from,” said Okalik. “This way youth have a better understanding wx9+Kx+ sçMsJK6 vtmi3Jxu w2WQlxMs3bui4 bm4fx of their own identity and they know their place in the commu- s[4Ül wkgò9l vm5yxDtiq8i4. s[4Ü5 iÑ7usZ3ht4 nity.” ˆMsZc5bMs3mb WJ5ns÷DtcDh5ht9l wkgò5 scsyq8i4. Qajaaq Ellsworth is vice-president of the National Inuit Youth >wMqtA5 wk5t©D8Nyxc5bMsqg5, v1aQo3ym5hAl, Wlx3gu4 Council and the regional youth coordinator for the Qikiktaani Inuit xuh5 vtmic3tlQ5. ryxi gnC5nt5 W7mEsi3ã5 ck9ME4 Association in Iqaluit. During his opening remarks, he encouraged sc3ixClxD[Œ5,> Öào5hi scMsJK6. the group to be strong and honest when dealing with the tougher x7ml Öà7m5, wkw5 sçoMsJK5. kNooµ5 discussions. “It’s only by holding each other’s hands and working wkgcq9l s[4vq9l sçpq5 gn3tyc5bMs3g5 with our elders that our language, culture, and Inuit knowledge kNoq8i wvJ3ymstkxzJi4 gÇzio8i4 Wsi3nu4 won’t be lost,” he said, urging everyone to speak their minds ckwosctŒ8insd9lQ5 s[4Ül wkgò9l wkdtq5. despite the language barriers. m3Dwi4 kNoc3[sJi4 sW3¯ao3m5 xs9˜t5yymic§5 Ellsworth says the highlight of the conference for him was wkgc3il s[4vi9l xuhZM8i4 s9li4 vtmstÜ8Ntbs5ht4 seeing a spark between the youth and elders. The younger people kNu sçc5bht4 wk5tg5 wo8ixht9l x8NsmAy3i4. were quietly listening and interested in what their elders had to wMq5 kNø5 u3ht5yic§a7uJ5 wo8ixt5yht4 ck6 say. “Some of us don’t speak Inuttitut that well, and we’re kind x8kÇosDyc§a7m¯b, xyq9l xzJçaQs3nt5yht4 s[4vi4 of embarrassed about it, especially in large gatherings like this. eg3zco3gi4. But your message is more important than how you actually say it,” he said. w7uix3Öomis2 sç/siz And so, people talked. Regional elders and youth spokespeople wMq5 vtmQx3gymJ5 scMsJ5 whmc3iC3ht4 vtmi6 gave reports on local programs aimed at encouraging better vmQ/c3i3nsJ5nsQxz w7uix3Öomi3u4. >w7uix3i6 communication between young and elderly people. At least two sdà8iÙaJ6 WixDtQQxc3bt8i,> ÖàoMsJK6 kNo8i regions organized summer camping trips for elders and youth to wkgcE/sJ6 oy Ùon ñü5ht4 sçctŒ5tlQ5. >wl8Nb bµi spend several days together on the land, speaking Inuttitut and ñügA5 xyspymKA5 N9oQ/5ti4 w7uix3ij5. h3CbsymJw8NsKA5 learning traditional survival skills. Some communities have also bm5hjz Wsqg7mE7j5 x7ml s[4Ü5 wkdtq5 r1åm5yo3ht4 organized sewing circles to learn how to make traditional clothing, wvJ3yAtQQxo5ti4 mu5yxi3nsd9lQ5.> and others teach parenting skills to young parents. s÷W Ax5 vNboµu kNc3çymJ5 mun3[zb g1z[zi5 WymJ6 yKoyMsJK6 vtmJ5 w7uix3bwomi3j5 Suicide prevention discussions vtmixWc3tbst9lQ5, WQxDtc3hi hNi4 w7uix- Some delegates said they felt the conference should focus DtcCh§§a7m¯b. Ì8N vJq3ãMsJ6 kwbsQx9Mdp5hi more on suicide prevention. “Suicide is the darkest issue for us kNc3çymJ5 muãAyq8i4. >xuh7mᕇ5 wkw5 w2WQ/c§a5/q5g5 to deal with,” said local elder, Lizzie Palliser during a round table §aJ7mEsQxq5 muãAygò5, s{?¬8î5 Ni/s5nstQA8NExq5,> discussion. “All of us around this table have lost a loved one to Öào5hi scMsJ6. >s/Cgw8NsZlx6 – bm4fx kNü5tlQ5 tA§K5 suicide. We have all been affected by this terrible thing and the – muãAtc3uJ5 xg3X§aA8âbK8i4 cspmA8âbK8i¬8î5.> young people need our help to heal properly.” vtmJ5 x[5gym5ht44 vtmixDyc3tbsMsJ5 ei3tbs5ht4 Robbie Watt of the National Aboriginal Healing Foundation b9omi4 w7uix3Öomi3j5 g1z[sZ/3gi4. vtmixDycᕇgxCu4 led the conference’s suicide prevention workshop, starting with

stMsJ5 vtm[7uk5 scsy5nco3ht4. m3Dwi4 vtmixDyc3g[i3i4 a candid presentation on factors that might trigger suicide. He magazine

eu3Dxq5 whmc3gcMsJ6 w7uix3Öomi3j5 sçM[5nc3i6 WsÔZ/3m¯5 encouraged affirmation of Aboriginal healing practices. “A lot of cspn3bsJc3tlA. xbsy3u4 sc3gcMsJ7uJ6 sçMstu4 people don’t realize how powerful these traditional practices are, mr[4f5 sçM[sA8Ngu4 csp/st5yJ[isJcc5bt9lA kNoz8i, or how easily they are found,” he said. “Even a rock — an ordinary MAKIVIK 28 29 wk5Jxu vtmi3Jx6 Inukjuak Conference

pebble you pick up — has healing powers that we no longer use or even know about.” Delegates were split into working groups to brainstorm five areas for a suicide prevention framework. The working groups came back with some interesting points. At least two groups suggested a survey of the effectiveness of suicide hotlines. One group spokeswoman said a hotline number was prominently advertised in her community, but nobody she knew of ever called it, likely because they didn’t know how it really works. One group asked for more emphasis to be placed on family members suffering the loss of a loved one to suicide in order to avoid a domino effect, in which one suicide may lead to another. The same group also recommended research into why men decide to ç3u4 xg3gk5 cz5btbsc5bî5 xoxQ/7mEsMsJ5¡ SOHA KNEEN / ITK commit suicide more frequently than The blanket toss was very popular! women. All of the groups said the effects of sexual abuse and how to ryxi sçM[sMs3ym1qiC3hA, cspm§a5/q7mb ck6 counsel victims should also be better WNhx3ic§a7m¯b. reviewed. xbs¥5 vtmixDyc3g[î5 xWEstcMsJ5 w2WQ/si3ns- The National Inuit Youth Council, in c5bd5hQ5 wMQ/sJ5 xyspiƒo3Xb N9oQ/ui4 w7uix3ij5 conjunction with Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami dyWbs5ÖoQxc3iq8k5. Ì4fã8â5 whm5nysdpMsJ7uJ5 and the Qikiktaani Inuit Association, cspn3bsJcC/3m¯5 hj5 xaᑏ5 w7uix3ins§a7m¯b x3Ni5. are currently working on a national

vtmixWc3g[ioµ5 bm4fx swᕖb[î5 h3êymiq5 ck3l suicide prevention strategy. “The SOHA KNEEN / ITK whx3nbs§a7m¯b Wlv5bsJ[î5 eu3D/s5yxi3nsd5hQ5. recommendations from this conference vNboµu wkw5 s[4Ü5 vtmpq5, WNhxctc3ht4 wkw5 give us key areas where more information is needed to make the bWᕇ5 vNbu x7ml er3bi wkw5 vg5pctŒ8izi4, s9lu strategy as effective as possible,” Ellesworth said. WNhxctŒ5g5 vNboµu w7uix3Öomi3j5 x©tZ5nsZ/3gi4. >x©tZ5nsd/sMs3g5 b=Zi vtmi3u bft5yQxDtsMs3g5 The blanket toss Ns4f5 grymst5nc3isnQxc3m¯b bm4fx x©tZ5noxaymJ5 One highlight of the conference was the blanket toss — a xg3ic5yxd9lQ5 WJ8N[oµzA5,> ÖàoMs3g6 wx9+Kx+. traditional Inuvialuit game demonstrated by Melissa Kisoun, Katie Smith and William Day of Inuvik. The concept is similar to jumping ç3j5 d7jxt5yv5bi6 on a trampoline, but instead of jumping, the person on the blanket vtmi3Jxc3tlQ5 ç3j5 d7jxtbsicMsJQK5 WsygcuA5 is tossed up by at least a dozen strong people supporting the wª[xl7us5 W1axDyz8i4 bf5nstbsMs3gu4 uon rh8j5, blanket. It requires courage and trust that the people stretching Üt yu5gjl Awox7 Öj9l wª[7usk5. bm8N e4Qb3[u4 the blanket will catch you safely, once thrown. Quite a few people x5pc5yxgw8Ng6 ryxi e4Qb1qhi wk4 d7jxtbs§6 tried it out — screaming on the way up while spectators held their ç3j5 !@-k5 szÌk9¬î5 §aJ3k5 wk8k5. bm8N breath, and laughing hysterically when caught. WytsQxc3Ng7mEsJ6 s2WDh5yxExc3hil bm4fx wkw5 Adamie Padlayat says he thinks the blanket toss will become ç3u4 tAux3g5 xf3iyxMzQxq5 d7jxtbsŒgxCu4. xuhZM8i4 a new tradition in Inukjuak. “I saw some people looking at the s5gC3gcMsJ6 – òZ9˜c5bht4 d7jxtbsogxCu4 bf8ˆgw9l blanket in detail afterward, talking to Melissa and William about xi3tE5Öoo3ht4, wJ3gmEsyc5bht4 how it’s done, and saying they’ve xf3bsgxCu4. got to start doing that here, too.” ᐋbu Ù9M÷5 scMsJ6 bm8N ç3j5 d7jxt5yi6 WsygcE/sixoExz Other topics wk5Jxu. >wMq8i4 wk8i4 bf8ˆMsJKz During another discussion, ç3u4 eu3DyxChx3gi4, sçctc3ht9l Nunavik elders talked about their monu4 Awox7u9l ck6 ᐋ3eh3bs§a7m¯b concerns over scientific claims x7ml Öà¬Exc§ao3ht4 bµi.> that the regional beluga whale population is declining, and how xyq5 sç/sMsJ7uJ5 climate change could affect rich

xyq8i4 sçAtc3ht4, kN[7us5 hunting grounds. magazine

eu3Dxq5 wkgcq5 sçAtcMsJ5 whµlAtui4 Also, prior to the workshop, sç/sJi4 x9Mg6. cspn3tmᕇ5 eMlZi4 wr9oos- GEORGE BERTHE an elder from Nunavik said he was Taking notes. mr[4f5 uiêAtq8i4, x7ml ck6 yMs2 thinking about discarded loose MAKIVIK 30 31 wk5Jxu vtmi3Jx5 Inukjuak Conference

dogs in the communities. He suggested that, considering the lack of wage-paying jobs in the North, elders could spend time teaching hunting skills to young people. He said, “In our young days, which wasn’t that long ago, dogs were very valuable to us as tools for hunting. Training dogs is a way of calming a young person’s mind, while hunting gives a person confidence and purpose, since he is helping to provide necessities for his family. A family with many healthy dogs was once considered rich because it meant he was a good enough hunter to provide food for his family with enough left over to feed his dogs well. Those wk5Jxus5 w9lmExl8i4 w9loymMsJ5 ƒ2 xrxi vtmi3Jxg5 yMü9lt4 SYDNEY SACKETT / ITK hunters got respect.” hZhx3[nq8i4 w9loym5ht4. Inukjuammiut built large igluqs across the river for the Conference’s outdoor activities. Closing events xy5p?9oxiz h3êgw8NExcC/3m¯5 ßmJ3bo8i4 kNi4. The conference came to a close with an x7mlQx9M4, vtmixDycMs3tNQ5, kN[7usu4 wkgc3u4 evening feast provided by local Inuit, who had hunted for two sc3gcMsJ6 whmc3iCgu4 bm4fiz wk5bc1qgi4 days to get enough for everyone. It was an evening of cultural e7ui4 bmi3e/§i4 kNo8i. Ì8N whmc3iCMsJK6 performances from members of the different regions, including ®Ns5/n3[nc5yx§at8NA wkw5 kNzi, wkgò5 music, traditional dances and throat singing. wo8ixt5yA8NC/3g5 s[4vi4 mòAygc3i4. Ì8N sc- There was also a farewell presentation for Looee Okalik, as MsJ6 wµ4, >s[Z3©t9lbo, Ö5hmis9lxq5g6, e7ü5 former youth intervenor. Okalik, who has since started a different w9oN3gmEsMsJ5 s?5tk5 mòAtQ§E5hQ5. wo8ixt5yhi career path with ITK’s Health Department, says she was touched e7uu4 k9Mzt5yyxD8Ng6 s[Z3©2 whmzi4, mòogxCu4 by the recognition. She says she’ll still be involved with youth h3dwym5yxixoCu W5Jtc5yxhil, wvJogxCu wMub issues through her new job, and she hopes that leaving her WQxoq8i4. wMŒaJ5 xuhi4 ckwqyx3gi4 e7ucgxCu4 previous position will provide a career opportunity for another x5hw©iC3bsc5bymJ5 mò5tMEsA8NCu4 iec3tyA8Nht4 young person. “I’m hoping the conference has encouraged more wMui4 xux4fc5bhil e7uui4 iE4ÜAt5nui4. Ö4fx mò5ᑏ5 §hQ/s9MEc5bymJ5.>

s4fxyi3j5 W?9oxJ[î5 vtmi3Jx6 s4fxoMsJK6 s8kf5 iE7µ- ic3tbst9lQ5 wk5Jxusk5, mòc5bg[ist9lQ5 m3Îi4 s9li4 wkoµk5 ˆ7mZhx3gi4 ie5nys3ht4. Övi s8kzi wl3Dygc3tA5 W1axicMsJ5 x5pŒqgi5 kNi5 WymJk5, i5/l5Ìic3ht4, Ìiy3ic3ht9l vb5/gc3hil. x5hâDtui4 sçJcMsJ7uJ6 lw svo3u4, s[4voEpsymJu4. Ì8N svo6 x5pQ/sqgu4 WNhZco3uJ6 bWᕇ4f5 ckwqyx3ioE[zb WNhx3[zi scMsJK6 wobE/sicExu4 x5gbsiC3hi. Ì8N scMsJ6 wMscbsMziC3hi s[4voEi3j5 kÌu4 WNhZ3Ìymi3utA5, x7ml wkgò5 wJctŒ5g5 vtmi3Jx6 W5Jbst9lA ƒ2 xrxi w9lo/smJk5 Éym5ht4. iEs8iC3hi WNhZEymzb wiz W[5nsMzd5hA SOHA KNEEN / ITK Elders enjoy a laugh together in the igluqs built across the river for the conference. s[4vsuJj5 wk7j5. >iEs8ic3Sz bm8N vtmi6 vJq3ãAtsixExz s[4vi4 wMscbsi3nsodlq5 grjx5tyi3u4 N7ui6 yKi5nui4 wvJ3bslt4 wkgc3k5,> young people to become involved in directing their own future with Öào5hi scMsJK6. help from their elders,” she said. wx9+Kx+ k3cDtcMsJK6 bm4fx vtmî5 Wsi3Ùc§aQxq5 Ellsworth concluded that the best part of these conferences s8kgx3m5 vtmQx3gymJ5 vtmstZMogx3mb. >WNh5yxX7uJA5 happens in the evenings when the delegates gather in informal

s9lf5, ryxi s8kgx3m5 wkw5 cspmN5yxi3nsy§5 groups. “We do good work during the day too, but in the evenings magazine

eu3Dxq5 nixî{[Qgw8NhQ5 sçctQgw8NhQ9l W1axctQ5hQ9l you really get to know people just by hanging out and talking, S˜ExctŒ5hQ9l. bm8N wk8k5 xqi3nu4 bf8ˆiAts§5 playing games, and visiting each other. This gives people a bigger mr[4f5 hNgw8Ni4.> perspective on things.” MAKIVIK 30 31 xWEsᑏ5 srs3bgus5 xJe3gwp3Jxzi4 ᐋ8gÔ xbA5Ìl7u4

ᐋ8gÔ xbA5Ìl4 yK9oÙ9lg5yxu srs3bgusk5 xJe3gwp3JxDMsJK6 ᑏy7WE !%–aMsJu. d[xh{[s2 s9lq5 tro3tlQ5 ª[7WE !#, @))@–u, mr{[f5 eu3Dxq5 vtm5yMsJ5 xJe3gwp3Jxu xbA5Ìl7u4 xWEQx3gym5hA n9li xi3Cymt9lA Ì4fiz. Interview with Bishop Andrew Atagotaaluk

Andrew Atagotaaluk was installed as the first-ever Anglican diocesan bishop of the Arctic on December 15th, 2002. He is also the first Inuk, and first Canadian, to head this district. This is geographically the largest Anglican Diocese in the world, covering an area from the Yukon to Labrador. Makivik Magazine met with Bishop Atagotaaluk in his home community of Salluit for this interview.

mr[f5 eu3Dxq5: si4ÏEx1zC/3ᐲ5 yKixA5 Makivik Magazine: Can you begin by telling us about your WsyEMs3ym/t8i4V background? ᐋ8gÔ xbA5Ìl4: kNÓ7usaQx1zymKz. wªo3ymKz Andrew Atagotaaluk: I was originally from Nunavut. I was !(%)–u, Boothia Peninsula-u d5ygü5gu4. Öm wM4v b3CjQx9M4 born in 1950, up in the High Arctic on Boothia Peninsula. Then xs9˜oMs3ym7uJ5, WD3noMs3ymJz Somerset Island–u er3bzi my family moved further North, I grew up in the Somerset Island cshw5©2 yeizîgw8Ngu. wªycMs3ymJA5 Ì4fgxa?9lhb just south of Resolute Bay. Our lifestyle was still very remote as wM4v kNusaq8NMs3ym7mb. !(^) x3ÇAq8îo3tlQ5 my family was still living out on the land. In the 1960s, I went to wo8ixExoMs3ymJz wª[7j5. Ì?î5hz c9lˆtg5 school in Inuvik, in the Mackenzie Delta. That’s where I learned woMs3ymKz. ryxi Öm1z5 Ö4fz sX5bsgw8ND8Nq5gj5 English. But because I always went back to this isolated Inuit wkw5 xs9˜ym[zk5 st3XMsCm wk5t©5yxq8Nc5bymKz camp, my Inuttitut remained very strong throughout the days when Ömzoµ6 wo8ixEx3ymoClxCm. k5toMs3ym7uJz I was away at school. I moved to Resolute, where my wife Mary is cshw5gj5 x3NÌ3hzl uxpu4 from, when we married. I was around 20 vttbsmctZi4. @)–ZM8i4 years old at the time. I think I worked srscMs3ymJz Ö5hmist9lA. there from 1969 until 1972, and I got WNhxMs3ymKz !(^(–u5 !(&@– involved with the local church. j5, bZ wMscbs?9oxy5hz kNø5 I was available whenever the minis- g5yx[z8k5. ter was away and I also ran the Sunday xgw8Nsq8NoµMs3ymKz school. But I always felt that I need- czgw8Noµ6 xJe3gwp xs9Mym- ed more training about the Bible, the ogx3m5 x9ogcu9l won3ij5 Church, the services and so on. So in wo8ixt5ypQ/s?5hz. ryxi 1972, I went to a theological train- wonEx9MExc3gᕇ8NymZm fts2 ing centre in Pangnirtung, the Arthur scsyq8i4, g5yx[7u4, WA5pAtq8i Turner Training School (ATTS), which xyoµq8il, bZ !(&@–at9lA fts2 is named after one of the first mis- scsyq8i4 wonExoMs3ymJz sionaries to Pangnirtung. I was there X3i©j5, Ì5hm Arthur Turner Training for three years and then I became a School won3[zk5, Ì8N x5ybsmJ6 Deacon in Iqaluit. When I became a yK9oÙj5 xJe3gwpsQx1zymÔ2 priest, the following year, my wife and X3i©u xtzi4. ÖvîMs3ymKz I moved down to Spence Bay to take x3ÇAi Wzhi4 Öm xJe3gwpj5 up the parish. Then in 1982 the con- wvJ3tD3hz wcl8i. xJe3gwpDgxCm gregation of Inukjuak asked me to take x3ÇÅ2 ra9ozi, x3NCl their parish. We accepted the invita- k5toMs3ym7uJA5 Spence Bay–j5 tion and moved down to Inukjuak. Ì?i xJe3gwpsQx3gt9lz. Öm After ten years, I felt that I had done !(*@–u wk5Jxusk5 xJe3gwpsd/ what I came for and that it was time

soMsym7uZm xqMs3ymZm wk5Jxj5 for someone else to take over. Pond magazine

eu3Dxq5 xs9˜oMs3ymJA5. dø5 srs5 ˆ7mb Inlet had contacted us to take that par- ᐋ1ov4f5 gryx[z8i n9li X5tyJ5. W/Exc3ym/Ci W/ᕇ3gEymoCm whm- Conducting a baptism service in the Anglican church ISABELLE DUBOIS ish — also made up of Resolute Bay mr[4f5 coMsJz xyZk5 wNq3bsQxcoExu4. in Salluit. and Grise Fjord — and we agreed to MAKIVIK 32 33 xJe3gwp3Jx6 Bishop Andrew Atagotaaluk

it. That was in 1991-1992. From Pond we went back to Inukjuak. Our oldest children had, by that time, got- ten married and some of them had partners living in Inukjuak. So we decided that we should be where our children were. We’ve been in Nunavik ever since.

MM: Was there a profound event in your life that prompted you to become a church leader? AA: In 1972 there was an evangelical missionary for the first time — to my knowledge anyway — to the High Arctic. I was already involved with the local church in Resolute Bay. Being bilingual, I was asked to translate for him. That’s when I really felt the call of God to the Ministry. While trans- lating in one of his services I realized that I had never personally understood Jesus Christ up until that very moment. Even though I grew up out on the land most of the time and we rarely used to see kNgw8Nu WD3nic?9lMsCu xJe5gwp3Jx6 xbA5Ìl4 bfq8NXMs1qg6 xJe5gwpi4, a minister, my parents had taught us the ryxi xzJ3çuk5 won3bsq8NMs3ymK6 s2Wi3Ëoz5ht4 moZsJi4. ISABELLE DUBOIS Christian principles. We would read the Growing up mostly out on the land, Bishop Atagotaaluk rarely used to see a minister, but his Bible and pray. My mother was original- parents had taught him the Christian principles. ly from around the Fox Basin area and my father grew up around the Pond Inlet area. u5ymbo7usk5 xJe3gwpsd/soMs3ym7uJz wMc3tlQ5 Those two locations always had travelling missionaries, so they cshw5gu9l xshw5gu9l x7ml xq3hQ5. Ö5hmi !((!– were already Christians by the time I was born. So from my upbring- !((@–aoMsJ6. ing, knowing the Christian faith, I had always seen (Jesus) as a u5ymbo7u4 wk5Jxj5 stMs3ymJA5. xzJ3ÙdtK5, Biblical figure. I knew that he was a good man and that he did Ö5hmist9lA, vttbsc5boMsJ5 wMq9l É2XÌ3ymo3ht4 wonderful things, but I had never realized that Jesus Christ was a wk5Jxusi4. Öà7m5 grÌoMs3ymJA4 eg3zb person who I could relate to spiritually. NJ3bq8îg5nsoExu4. Ömzi5 kN[7usaymo3gA5. The evangelist, Marney Patterson’s sermons were very different from what I was used to hearing. He personally challenged you; m.e. w3csmQ/clxaxᐲ5 wªy3i g5yx[7u yKo3tsi3u4 the way you understood faith, Christianity, the Bible and so on. He WQx3tyAN[i3u4V delivered that message in a way that it seemed to be speaking x.x. !(&@–u s2Wgi4 xJe3gwQx3ggcMs3ymJ6 only to you, although he was speaking to many people. There is a yK9oÙ9lg5yxu- grym/4fosZlx6 – d5ygu. wMscbs- certain way that God works. His voice allows you to move, even JgcsMs3ymJzo cshw5©2 g5yx[zk5. m3Dwi4 though it’s not an audible voice. You know how sometimes you scsycD8NMsJZm, Ì5hjz gñpsd/sMs3ymKz. need a little message from inside that moves you — well that’s Ö5hmist9lA bZ w2WQ/coMs3ymKz ftj5 òd/siCi4. what it did to me. It challenged me to make a decision. Ì8N xJe3gwic3tlA gñpst9lz w2WAhoMs3ymKz Now I wanted to know Jesus Christ as a person, I invited him gry9MEMs3ym1qiCi4 ºhy Y©yu4 Öfz9ME4 tr5hA. into my heart as my Lord and Saviour. After that, things began to WD3nt9lz kNu xJe3gwpu4 bf5yxMs3ym1qhb, feel and come differently. I started looking at things differently. xzJçt8k5 won3tbsc5bymJA5 s2Wi3u4. xgx3y?Ms3gA5 Because of that, I began to understand that when you know Jesus fts2 scsyq8i4 g5yx?5hbl. xˆNZl xÌbZl WD3nym5hi Christ your Lord, you are in a position to serve Him in the way that u5ymbos2 kNzi. Ì4fx kNø5 wMscbs?Ms3g5 Ömz5 he outlines what service really is. xJe3gwpk5 sXZs5ht4 Öà7m5 s2Wi3u4 cspmJgcsoMs3ymJ5 That’s what led me to enrol into the Arthur Turner Training wªo3tlz. Öm WD3nbs5hz, grymo3hzl s2Wi3u4, School (ATTS) for the Ministry. That was the beginning of my

Ömzoµ6 bf8ˆc5bymKz GºhyH fts2 scsyq8i commitment. I wanted to serve God in that way and all of the evi- magazine

eu3Dxq5 si4vsyE/sgw8Nt9lA. cspmMs3ym/C xat9MEsymQxz dence fit in. All the experience that I had with God led into that xJá5gi9l Wix3ic3Xhi, ryxi cspmMs3ym1qgz Ì8N kind of commitment. That’s how my life was meant to serve peo- mr[4f5 ºhy Y©y wMQA8NExz xi3itA5. ple because that’s what God’s purpose is — to serve the people. MAKIVIK 32 33 xJe3gwp3Jx6 Bishop Andrew Atagotaaluk

s2Wo3tyZhx3t µi Ùgn8 x5pQ/sMsJ1qg5 bm4fkz But that was only the beginning. gñ§5tk5. Ì8No N7ui6 wo8i4 ñ1zy9MEc5bMsJ6, grym9ME7m¯3W5 s2Wi3u4, Y©yusai3u4, fts2 scsyq8il MM: How did you come about being installed as the Diocesan xyq8il. Ì8N fts2 scsyq8i4 gipMsJ6 wo8k5 Bishop for the Arctic? ryxi3Ô÷3g6 sç[c3gÔ÷3hi, xuhk5 wk8k5 sç[cClx3hi. ft AA: When my wife and I moved back to Inukjuak in 1992, I xJá5gu4 WNhxDyc§aK6. Ì5hm iWz wo8i4 xsM5èA8Ng6, went out of the Ministry for a while. Some of our children were gn3nsq4vlx3hi iWz. cspmJ5nsKt5 wMzi wl5ti still growing up, and I felt that after all those years in which my scs5Jbsy§aZ5b xsM5è?5gu4 wo8i4 – Öào/symKz. wife had been the only person to raise our kids while I travelled, I bm5hjz grÌExcoMs3ymJz bZ. wanted to take time off. I had various jobs, of course, but no real bZ cspAm9MEoMs3ymKz ºhy Y©y rN9MEs7m¯5, permanent job because the idea behind my leaving the Ministry s7mtZªdo3hAl xbiEixo3hAl WsopQlAl. raixA5, for a time was so I could spend more time with my family. And if hNZä5 w2WNoMsJ5 òc5bht9l xy5pymo3ht4. Mary wanted to work, she could, and I could stay at home. Even bm5hjz gry?9oxoMsJKz cspmoD[5 Ì8N ºhy though Inukjuak had another minister by that time, I still made Y©y xbiEè5, WA5pA8NMzoC[s4 scsyEym/ztA5 myself available to the church. WA5pic9ME8itA5. In 1999 our (Arctic) diocese was growing and the senate decid- bm5hjz bZ wonExoMs3ymKz ed that it should have three Suffragan Bishops Arthur Turner Training School xJe3gwpsi3u4 — for Nunavik, Nunavut and the North-West wo8ix[7j5. bm8N yKioxEym/Ck5 Territories — who were to serve under the WQx3[sMs3ymJ6. WA5pAmoMsJZm wkw5 N7ui6 Diocesan Bishop. As they needed to elect a ftu4 Öàos3lz x7ml hoAtoµ5yxq5 Bishop for the Nunavik region, people want- woz5yxD8Nht4. x©tym/oµ4v ft wMQ5hA xsM5yA8Ny?9oxt9lQ5, ed to nominate me for that position. W5JtQ5hQ5 Öà5gu4 yKios3ymKz. Öà5gu4 I kept turning them down at first. I wªyC WA5pQxc3ymJ6 wk8i4 fts2 ryxi bm8N thought that God had already placed me in W5JtQ7ms4 - WA5plQ5 wkw5. ryxi the position where I should be. But then, bm8N WQx1zigw8NsymJ6. grc5/q5g6 Wâlboµ5 only about five days before the closing date grÌ3bsyx3ixoExq8i4. for nominations, I received a fax that said m.e. ck3o srs3b©2 xJe3gwp3Jxzk5 that so and so had nominated me from such wvJ3tDMs3ie5V and such a place, and if I wanted to respond x.x. !((@–u x3NCl wk5Jxj5 to this, these were the forms that I must stgxC8k4, xJe3gwpsi3u4 k3czÜ8NMsJz. We are just getting into fill out. eg3zK5 wMq5 ho WD3nq8NMsJ5, I began to have second thoughts about whmcoMsJ5hzl bm4fNi xuhi srsi a position where our this and told myself that maybe God was xs9Mymt9lz x3NC ryxi WD3ãJ©ymQxz people are governing trying to tell me something: that I had been eg3zt8i4. k3czgw8NDmoMsJKz x7ml trained, I had this experience and that I WNhZcD8NMsJZlx3hz x5pŒqgi4, ryxi themselves, but that couldn’t totally turn away from the peo- xÖ8Nq5gi4 whmc3ymMsJZm xJe3gwpsi3u4 ple whom I had been ministering for many k3czAtcExCi wM4vî8insÜ8NDm5hz. doesn’t mean that all years. I felt that I should give it a chance x7ml uxp WNhAmgxDi WA8NMsJ5hi, so I decided to talk to Mary and my chil- xq3Cymt9lz. wk5Jxus5 xyxi4 the problems are going dren about this, to see how they felt about xJe3gwpcoClx3tlQ5 Ö5hmist9lA to be solved. it. They all seemed to be in favour of it so I g5yx[7j5 xgw8NsmZhw8NMsJ7uJz. said if that’s the case, then I’ll let my name !(((–u g5yx[dtK5 WD3XoxoMs3ymJ6 stand. And of course, the story tells that I x7ml g5yx[s2 vtmp7mEq5 grÌoMs3ymJ5 got elected. Wzhi4 xJe3gwp3Jxc3gnsoExu4 At that same time, the priest who was in WA5pix3gi4 kN[7usi4 kNÓ7usi9l kN5yxusi9l – Salluit wanted to take a year off. So after I was installed and con- Ì4fx wl8Nt4 xbsy3j5 xJe3gwp3Jxj5 WA5/sc5bMsJ7mb. secrated as Suffragan Bishop for the whole of Nunavik, we moved iDxExcogx3mb kN[7us5 xJe3gwp3Jxnzi4, wk8k5 to Salluit and I also started looking after the needs of that parish, Ì5hms2 wizk5 to/sAmoMs3ymKz. which includes the communities of Ivujivik and Wakeham Bay. xqc5bMsJ1qb4v yKixA5 ftj5 wic3tbsŒ3gEMsJZm Then our Diocesan Bishop (Rt. Rev. Chris Williams) came to wiQo3bgcCi. ryxi, b9omi s9li ho s4fxN3yMs3tNA retire in this senate and nominations began again. I decided to topi6, hv5gf5 trbsoMs3ymJz topiêJi4 s?8i4, accept my nomination and I was elected again. There were five

x7ml bm5hjz rsQxc3gEoMsJ5hz x7ml bb3nZ3i4 people nominated and I was the only Inuk. I think that most of our magazine

eu3Dxq5 trbs7uhz. people were already feeling that it was time for an Inuk Bishop whm5nysEx9MoMsJKz N7ui3l scs5Jo3hz w7mc if the chance ever came. That’s how, I think, I got elected. Even mr[4f5 ftj5 scst/sZhx3gz hNurx6: won3bsAtQym/CªozJu4. though I was elected, I didn’t take over the office right away MAKIVIK 34 35 xJe3gwp3Jx6 Bishop Andrew Atagotaaluk

bm5huz x©toMsJKz x7ml bmsô8ˆzt5yAà3hz wk8i4 because the election took place while the Diocesan Bishop was xuhi4 x3ÇAi4 xJe3gw[Qc5bymo3bvi4. whmcogxCm still in office. He was retiring on August 31st and I was to take s5gC3gnsQxu4 uxpl eg3zvl scstoMsJ/4v ck6 over on September 1st, 2002. Only then was I to be consecrated whmm¯b gryAm5hQ5. wl8Nt4 vJy5yxdpJw8Ns÷MsJ5 Bishop of the Arctic diocese. bZ bm8Nsgx3X5, xtCi4 gipixo3Sz. x7ml bZ si4vs- yE/sA8No3g6 iDx3bsAtQym/4v. MM: Geographically, the Arctic diocese covers a larger land- Ö5hmi5ãN3bs6 n9lus5 xJe3gwpz5 x3ÇAoµu mass than any other Anglican diocese in the world. What kind of evÜ8NDmoMsJ6, bZ xJe3gwp3Jxai3j5 wo/sŒgxCm challenges does this represent? kN[7usªozio7u4, n9lk5 xs9˜oMsJA5, bfQxy5hzl AA: Many, many challenges! Because I’m dealing with not Ì5hm g5yx[s2 r1åmQ/q8i4, Ì8N g5yx[4 vmQ/c3hi¬3m5 only different languages, but also different dialects. In the Arctic wKp[7usi9l vq3hJx3usi9l. alone, we have Inuit, English and French speaking people. We Öm xJe3gwp3JxK5 GfE+ Kwox7+H k3coMs3ym7uJ6 also have many Japanese people in various parts of the Arctic xJe3gwº5 vtmp3Jxq8i bZ topi6 WQx9MoMsJ7uJ6. now. Inuit have many different dialects and our diocese alone xqoMsJKz to/sAt4vi4 iDx3bsQx9Mu5hzl. uses two different writing systems — Roman orthography and b9omi4 wk8i4 to/smJcMsJ6 wkgw8N©t9lz. Syllabics. Even though Labrador is not in our diocese, they are wkw5 sk3iã5 whmc3ymJgcs3ÚoMsJ5 still Inuit and we are well connected. Most of wkgw8Nu4 xJe3gwp3Jxc3gnsoExu4 our Testament’s translations come from their W[5nÌ3ymy5ngx3X5. bm5hjz bZ mòcsby§a7uhzl, (Moravian) missionaries’ work. We have some iDx3bsMeymJE§aKz. iDx3bsMsJZlx3hz, of their translations that are not in syllabic x9M[5ÌnstQMsJ1qgz iDx3icMsJ7mb ÖàosoCm form. I’m very fortunate in that I have been Ì8N xJe3gwp3Jx6 x9M[7uîq8Nt9lA. amongst the Inuit almost everywhere in the Ì8N k3cicExcoMsJ6 xsA+t #!–u bf5nst5y?5gz diocese and I’m quite familiar with all the dif- wNqExco3hAl y2t7WE !, @))@–u. ferent dialects, so I can pretty well relate to Övi ryxi s9lzi xJe3gwp3Jxj5 WsyCi mòct4v each one. We also have other nations such wo/s5yxD8NoMsJKz srs3bgus5 cspmŒ3mb rNu4 as the Métis and different tribes of Indians g5yx[zk5. with their various dialects. r=Zg3m¯3m ckw5gu9l Another challenge is, because of the size m.e. kNs2 xqiz bf8ˆhA, of our diocese, there is a lot of travelling srs3b©2 g5yx[z kNdtc3m5 wªyc§a7m¯3m. involved. For example, I just came back from xqi3Ùu4 xyoµq8i5 ᐋ1ov4f5 Inukjuak, but before Inukjuak, I was down at WA5p§oµq8i5 yM3Jxoµu, bZ hNi4 the National House of Bishops meeting, in ñ1zyQxc§a[5V I go out with hunters, Mississauga, Ontario. Next week I’m going x.x. xuh7mExl8i4 ñ1zyQxc§aKz. to Tasiujaq for a Bible conference. Then I’m vmQ/cExc§a5hzl x5pŒqgi4 which is where I going to make an ecclesiastical visit to the sçAyo8i4. srs3bgu ryxi wk5bc3S4 Bishops of the Western Arctic region — the wk8i4, c9lˆi9l swAwi9l. xuh7mE8i4 communicate because upper MacKenzie area, which is now in the ÷Xîybco3g6 srs3bgü5gi4 Nigw8ˆgi4 Northwest Territories. That’s an area that I s9lu. wkw5 xuh7mE8i4 x5pŒqgi4 they already know who don’t know very much about because I’ve nev- sçAyc§aK5 x7ml Ì8N g5yx[dtK5 I represent and what er really spent any time over there during my xgExc§a5hi m3Dwi4 x5pŒqgi4 x9MA¥8i4 Ministry. As a Bishop, I have to get to know - c9lˆt©3go8i4 wk5t©3gbo8il. Ì4fx I do for a living. the whole diocese from my own perspective. ˜Xgxus5 g5yx[dt5tk5 wMsqvlx3tlQ5, The first part of my job involves more trav- wkgw8Nsu7mb x7ml Wg5ym[Q5yx§E5hQ5. elling because I have to expose my position t+bu8iÌq5 wk5t©o3tbsmJ5 to the whole diocese, which I am not com- WNhx3bsQxzMs3g[î5 jÇ[xus5 xJe3gwpq8k5. Ì4fx pletely familiar with, so I am always travelling out to meetings. wk5t©o3tb[iq5b wMq8i4 Wbc3gA5 wk5t©1qgi4. The areas that don’t know me are the areas that I have to put as wk8k5 xf8izîcbs9lf5ymKz g5yx[7j5 Njoµ3tbsym5hzl my priority — to get to know the places, the parishes, and the Öm grymZMA8N§aJz sc3bsAy3i4 x5pŒqgi4, bZ priests of their region. gry5yxD8N§aJz N9ogw8Nq8k5 sç[sogxCm. xyq8i4 We also have many, many churches. Not only local Catholic wkdbsJi4 Wbc§a7uJ5 mfiz x9MzJ3i4 x5pŒqgi9l and Anglican chapels, but we’re starting to have, in larger com- x9Mi4 x5pQqgi4 sçAyc§a7uJ3i4. munities, small branches of Pentecostal churches. We have seven

xyxi4 ñ1zyQxc3XuJz, Ì8N g5yx[K5b xqiz kinds of church congregations and most of them don’t have minis- magazine

eu3Dxq5 bf8ˆhA, xfixl4 xsMQxc3N§a7m5. s5©tQlA, stCÌ5nSz ters of their own. In a lot of cases they ask the Anglican ministers wk5Jxu5, ryxi wk5JxoxMs3Nz xJe3gwp3Jx5 vtmizîQxc- to take care of their pastors’ needs. That’s something we have to mr[4f5 Ms3uJz Övi Mississauga, Ontario–u. WNhxDysMzJu be concerned about because they live in the same area. MAKIVIK 34 35 xJe3gwp3Jx6 Bishop Andrew Atagotaaluk

bys/oxy˜3uJz fts2 scsyq8k5 vtmic3gª3lz. Öm S˜Excy5nEKz xJe3gwp3Jxi4 sxoi3usi4 – mrx8ys2 ƒzb Ùziusk5, kN5yx2 kNzî5gj5. bµi kNu4 cspm÷c5yxMsJ1qgz ÌK1zyxMs3ym1qfxlj5 xJe3gwpst9lz. xJe3gwp3JxaiCA5, g5yx[oµ5yxu4 gry5yxExc3Sz bf8ˆbCA5. WNhZ- c§aQxc3Sz xsMi3u4 Ì5huz wiZi4 bf5nst5yQxcCm g5yx[c3goµk5, wl8Nzi4 cspm5yxlg1qbCi4, Öà7m5 xsMQxò8N§aKz vtmQx3gwN3hz. bm4fkz kNk5 s?8i4 cspm÷c1qgk5 csp/st?9oxDmo3dz gry?9oxlQ5 kNq5, g5yx[q5 xJe3gwpq9l. xuh7mExl8i4 g5yx[cEKA5. kNo8i w3yC3Jxfgw8NsXA8âg5 x1ov4fgw8Ns- A8âht9l, ryxi xqi3ni kNo8i, s2Wgw5 g5yx[c3Xox§ao3uJ5. ybms- J1qZ3gi4 x5pŒqgi4 g5yx[dtc3gA5, sk3iã9l N7ui6 xJe3gwpc9ME1q©5ht4. xuh[5ht4 xWEc5bymo3g5 x1ov4f5 xJe3gwpq8i4 r1åmQ/uk5 WA5/sicDm5ht4. bm5huz whµlA- xJe5gwp3Jx6 xbA5Ìl4 fts2 scsyq8i4 xJe3gwAto4. tcExc3SA5 bµi5ãN6 kNusa7umb. ISABELLE DUBOIS Bishop Atagotaaluk conducting services. xÖ8Ngu4 xJe3gwpcCb1qmb n9lus5, xJe3gwpsi3u4 WNhZcExcD8âClx3hz, wMqtA5 ho hNhxExc3Xq8NX2Sz. wo8ixt5yc5bymo3dA5 Since there is no permanent priest (in Salluit) yet, although xJe3gwps2 WNh5tq8i4 xsM5y§i4 x9ogcu woãi3u4 I’m not supposed to be looking after parish level ministries any- WNhxDys2 etzil xJe3gwpQ/si3j5. ryxi n9lus5 more, I still have to continue some things. We have trained lay xJe3gwpcCb1qmb, wMzi4 xJe3gwpsQxcÜ8N§aKz, people who continue to run Sunday services and mid-week ser- X5ttE5hzl xyq8il W/Exo8i4 WNhx3hz. vices. But because a minister is not available yet for Salluit, I still look after some services, baptisms, and things like that. m.e. hNî4 whµlA5plxaxW5 wkdtt8i4 g5yx[8k5 WA5/sJu4 kNc3gi4V MM: What are your main concerns for the people living in x.x. NlND8âᕇ3g6 bm8N W/ExgJ7mEst9lA wl8Nq8k5 your diocese? wk8k5, wªy5tA5. wªyc3XoxoÖ8NSA5 wkw5 N7ui6 AA: It’s already evident that this is a very difficult time for xsM5yA8Ny?9oxt9lQ5, ryxi bm8N grc5/q5g6 Wâlboµ5 everybody, morally. We are just getting into a position where our grÌ3bsyx3ixoExq8i4. wo5y?9ox§aKA5 wq3Chb, x7ml people are governing themselves, but that doesn’t mean that all xuh7mE8i4 ho cspmy5nstQ§a5/Zb. x7ml wMzi4 the problems are going to be solved. We learn as we go along, whw9oJcgx3m5 W/ExgJ7mEsy§a5hi. and there will be many things that we won’t know right away. And µ8Nst9lA ñ1z/sKA5 xuh7mE8k5 wk8k5 ß7mtuA5 sometimes the consequences are quite difficult. ᐋ8iym7mE5gk5. bm8N bf5nstbsic3S5 w7uixc5bMs3gw5 Right now we are faced with a lot of hurting people. That’s sk3iq8k5 b=Zi x3ÇÅMs3gu, N9ogw8Nq8i kNo8i. indicated by the number of suicides that we had within just one bm5huz bf8ˆMEQxc3SA5 Ws4ftc3ty5yxlbl xJe3gwp5ti4, year, all from different places. And that’s what we have to really xgx3yp5ti4 wk8i4 Öà5goEst5nq8i4. focus our attention on and equip our ministers, lay readers, and g5yx[s2 yKo3tq5 §1ayosutbsQxco3g5. s?A9ME4 (people) for. w3hExc3SA5 kNo8i ckwozAbso3gi4. nN3DtcExc3SA5 The church leadership has to be strengthened. We definitely WNhxDt5nK8i4 xoxN1qg6 emQx3lA Wsi3nËEx3tlQ5 have to be the ones who carry the local situation. We need tools - munylQ5. x7ml scsyEMsJ7u/Ci iDx3b[is5hz to carry on the work to grow away from being depressed to being scDmKz wà5gu4 yK9oÙu WNhAmMzKz, bm8N W9lA, positive — to start healing. And, as I mentioned in my address

xuh7mᕇ5 wkdtK5 ᐋ8iymJ5 W5JtQlQ5, muãi3u4. gÇZ- after I was elected, one of the things that I would like people to magazine

eu3Dxq5 clxaxMzKz5 wvJ3lQ5 wkw5, kNo5tA5 kNooµtA9l do, in this respect, since we have many hurting people, is in rela- N9oxAgw8N6 r1åmQ/sJ5 mo9lQ5. tion to a healing process. Our main goal is to help people — either mr[4f5 locally or regionally — wherever the need is. MAKIVIK 36 37 xJe3gwp3Jx6 Bishop Andrew Atagotaaluk

m.e. bm8N xJe3gwpsi3u4 WNhxZEymo3Ö5 bf8ˆhA MM: What have you found to be the most rewarding aspects hNu4 WJEstc3iXsymo3e5V of your career so far? x.x. xuh7mE8i4 w3csmQ/cClx3gz, ryxi AA: There are many that I can recall, but the most rewarding WJEstc3iXsJE§aKz bfogxCm wk8i4 ckwA8âtbsJi4 for me is when I see people delivered from situations where every- ckoµ6 hᕖ3ymÔ÷oMs3ht4. bf8ˆgw8N§a5/q8Nz thing seems to be hopeless for them. I see that not only on the xi3itÅ3gi4. s5©tQlA, bfKz wk8i4 – Wlx3gu4 spiritual side. For example, I see people — Inuit especially — who wkgw8Ni4 - grÌE/sym1qht4 wªymt9lQ5 µ8Nf5 have not been a decision-making people and who are now being vmQ/c3tbso3gi4 grÌEA8No3ht4 N7ui6 hNhx3ixo3m¯b given the responsibility to decide for themselves what happens kNoq5; ckwoQxco3m¯b WNhZdbsJ5 wvÔt9l kNoq8i. to their community; what happens to the business and programs bm4fiz WJEstc3gE§aKz bm4fkz xJw8NstQym/K5 in their area. That I see as very rewarding because we see that bmsô8ˆ§a5/q7mb. bfA8N§aKA5 W?9oxiq8i4. x7ml those efforts have not just been wasted. We can see the results. bm4fx, v5hô5gmEsAtQ§4v. And that, for me, is very exciting. m8N scExz xoxQ§C ckw5ggw8Nu4 Wsy3üogxC5b, One of the messages that I really love to convey is that what- bm4fx WNhx3iK5, xJw8NiK9l xro3bsic§aQxq5. ever situation we are in, our time, efforts and patience do pay off. s2WE/c5yxi4f5 ckwosq8NExc§aKt5 xro3bsic§a7m5. You have to faithfully keep doing what you are doing because it N7ui6 w7uieZlxD[5 Ömzoµ6 Wtbsix3St5 pays off. Even on a personal basis, you always get the reward for xJw8Nstt8k5. the persistence that you hold.

m.e. xJe3gwp3JxaoC[5 xi3itA5 yKo3tsicoC[5, MM: As a Diocesan Bishop you are also a spiritual leader. ck6 scsycDmZ/3W5 rNgw8Nj5 s2WEicDmJj5 ftu4, What would you say to anybody wanting to have faith in God but ryxi s2WicDmli x{[xb3J÷gxDiV who seems to be blocked from that faith? x.x. W/Exr5gmEsJE5yKz, won3ym1qvlxDi AA: I think that a very simple way, without necessarily being s2WEioEi3u4 fts2 scsyq8i¬8î5 cspmA8Ny5yxgcD8NExz educated about Theology or the Bible, is to simply get to know ºhy Y©yu4. Ì8N yK9oÙ9lg3u x9lExDtsQxo4 the Lord Jesus. That’s the number one step for all of your spiritual xi3if5 r1åmQ/oµt8k5 Ì8N wªyc3m5 bm5hjzl needs because he is alive and very much involved. It sometimes wMscbs7mE§a5hi. bm8N grc9lgxl©÷§aq7uJ6 looks as if it just doesn’t make any sense, because he is a spirit xi3ism5 ºhy ryxi grc5yxME5g6. s2WE/cDmAi ftu4, — but it does. To believe in God, be involved in something that will wMscbst5yyxExo4 Ì5huz gryi3nsAmgxDi ftoEi3j5 lead you to know Him because without being involved in anything wMscbsMs3ym1qgxDi cspmMs3ymixqm5 wk4 ftu4. that has to do with God, you’ll never get to know Him. If the desire WAmicgxDi, csp?9oxiEA8NÖ5 kwbcbsix3uJ6. is there, the chance of you getting to know Him is also there. WAmo3tA8Nq5gz - rNgw8N6 N7ui6 WAm/3ui4 I can’t make a desire happen — a person has to be responsi- vmQxc3m5, hNoµi4 Öm5ãˆExc3uhi. s4fwbsJcD8N- ble for his or her own desire, as it is for everything else. One can yx3g6 xbsy3u4 wk8k5. ft wkw5 wªyq8i4 sMWZ- only be opened to people. God is not trying to force himself into hx5/q5g6. Ì8No N7ui5tA5 cspm/sic5yxDmJ6, bm8N peoples’ lives. He wants to be known on a personal basis, which xfiE/sQxc§a5hi. takes time. ckwoA8N[cD8NMzKz wo8k5 ftu4 cspmdgxD4r5 The only way that I can be an influence for you to get to know s4fwz3[Q5yxlQ5 ryxis[QlQ5, hNgw8Nj5 ckwosctc- God is for me to be opened with you, in whatever relationship there ExcD[5. bm5huz WNhxZc3Sz - xgw8Ns[c3iu4 rNgw8Nj5 needs to be. That’s my job — being available to anyone at any czgw8Nf5. bm8N grcgw8N/q5g6 sçctc3iu4 wk8i4. time. It doesn’t necessarily mean talking to people. For people to wk8k5 cspm/s5yxDmA[5, wªyoµ5 scsyc5yxExc3S6. come to know you, your whole life has to be a language. And that, x7ml, whmc§a5hz, Öµ4 bZ ft sc3[c3Xg6 wk8k5 I think, is how God communicates — through people. - wk5tA5. Just being with people: I go out with hunters, which is where wk8k5 wMscbsgw8NX7uJz: mòcbsy§a7uhzl, I communicate because they already know who I represent and ÖàosoCm bf5nst5y?5gz WsyCi mòct4v cspmŒ3mb what I do for a living. So when I’m involved with them, they know rNu4 r=Zg3m¯3m ckw5gu9l wªyc§a7m¯3m. bZ Ì4fkz that the person whom I work for is also there with them. Even if wMscbsogxCm, cspmic5yx§5 Ö8N WNhxD5p/C òymc- I don’t preach out loud or do sermons out there, they know that bs7uQxz. xJe3gwyixqvlx3hz mò9lz, Nl§a5/q5g5 the presence is there because I am there. That’s the way your life ft ci5©Qxzi Ì?icbsiCA5. Öµ4 bZ wª¥5 scs- becomes a language. This is also the language of God. yD§aK6. bm8N scsyE/s§a7uJ6 ftj5. The Bible clearly states that nature itself often speaks of fts2 scsyq5 r9oc5yxht4 sc3g5 bm8N yMgw8N6 God. But it depends upon an individual. If he or she goes out there N7ui6 sç[c§a7m5 ftj5. ryxi bm8N wk7j5 grÌ3bsQxo4. knowing that God is everywhere — if he or she has God in mind

Ì8N cspmgxDi ft NioµExzi4 - Ì8N ftu4 wh- — then all the other things start to speak to him or her in that magazine

eu3Dxq5 musbcDi - Öm xyoµq8k5 sc3[syix3g6 Öàos3tlA. way. But if he or she is not in that state of mind, it won’t mean ryxi Öà5gu4 whmc1qfi, grc3ix/q5g6. anything. mr[4f5 MAKIVIK

36 37 wkw5 cz5bÔq5b SJz Air Inuit Propwash

x9Mb[i6 ᐲb dx+m8j5 By Peter Horsman

csbµ3ysᑏ5 WosutbsQx3S5 Scheduled Service Enhancements yKo3ᑏ5 vtmic3tlQ5 ᑏy7WEsMsJu, xWEstsMsJK6 At our mayors’ meeting last December, it was requested sz?s2 yeizius5 csbµ3ystz xy5pQx3bsZ/3m¯5 that the lower Ungava schedule be adjusted such that direct con- gê8Ngu4 vJy§ai3ni4 sz?s2 yeizbl b3Czbl necting service between lower and upper Ungava will become xf8izi Wbcdp5ht4. xWEstsMsJ7uJ6 WNhxDys2 possible more often. It was also requested that weekend ser- k1axi cz5bÔcD8NC/3m¯b. vice be realized. rsAbst9lQ5 bm4fkz xWEstk5 In response to this request, a Saturday x9oqhz3u csbµ3ystu4 b3Cox3gu4 scheduled northbound flight, leaving xs9Mgc§ao3g6 ƒ4Jxu5 Ó+5 wx4f5 Kuujjuaq after First Air lands for connect- trŒgx3mb. Ì8N x9oqhz3u b3Cox3g6 ing northbound passengers, has been who{[c§aK6 n9li sty§a5hil established. This Saturday northbound ƒ4Jxj5 bmsN5ãN6 x6ftQMs3butA5 flight terminates in Salluit and returns to x9ogcso3m5, tr§a5hil ƒ4Jxj5 Kuujjuaq along the same routing on Sunday, Ó+5 wx4f5 cz5bMs3tNQ5 m8gpxj5. again arriving at Kuujjuaq prior to First Air’s Ì5huz grÌDtsymJu4 g5yCstsymJj5 southbound departure for Dorval. We will eu3Dctc3ixgA5 kNo8i4 h3CbsmJi4 review this resolution to the request, with sW3znso3X5. the affected communities, over the spring. xWEstsMsJ7uJ6 vtmi3u It was also requested at the meeting gê8Ngu4 WA5pi3nsicC/3m¯b nirlx9l that direct services be made more fre- sus/s9l xf8iztA5. eu3DŒgxC5b quently available between Saniqiluaq and wrmiE§q8i4 Ì4fx kNø5 xf8iztA5, Nlâ3bsMsJK6 Umiuaq. After analyzing our passenger loads on this routing, it csbµ3ystq5 WosutbsQx3Xb ®Ns/tA5 xg3ic5yxq5©- was determined that a scheduled increased frequency would not Z/Exzi4. ryxi, xu§N3tgi4 wrmJ5ni4 Wbco3X5 gê8Ngu4 be feasible. However, in the event that there is a group of travel- nirlxoxExo8i4 sus/oxExo8i¬8î5, bm8N W[c3tA8NC/ lers on a particular flight that need to go directly to Saniqiluaq or 3bK5 g5yCstso3X5 kNø5 N9ogw8Nq5b yKo3tq8k5. Umiuaq, we will add the connection upon request by the mayor wrmJ5ã5 sk3yymo3Xb ®Ns/3©tq8i4 xrøAtsA8Nylt4 of either community. When traffic increases sufficiently to cover csbµ3ystu4 gê8Ngi4 Ö4fkz kNo8k5 the costs of the additional leg, increased vJytbsJcD8Nyix3g6. direct frequencies will be permanently installed. X3NbsJ5 @))#–j5 gnC5nix3tf5 bf8ˆc5bC5b, Planning for 2003 kNo8i W5yxq5g5 s9lu yM3Jxusoµ5 As we have observed in the media, W5yxq8iü8iq8k5 W/sJi4 h3êico3g6 local fallout from current global instabili- wl8âb ®Ns/tA5 mr2XoxZhxi3tA5, ty is affecting the general economy, and Wlx3gu4 cz5bÔoEi3u4. the aviation industry in particular. xbsy3u4 s5gCst5nc3g6 h3CbsymJu4 One example of such local effects bm8N s3hx¬2 xrz xr5gg7mEsymo3m5 is that fuel costs have escalated very wkw5 cz5bÔz5b xzJ3çz5 ᐲb bm4fNi b3esc5bMs3gi. s9lu dramatically in the past months. If they

dx+m8, wryJ6 Ì+ *-j5. BOB MESHER xr5gymq8NXb, iEs5gA5 cz5bsᑏ5 Air Inuit president, Peter Horsman, boarding remain at the current high levels, we xr5gEx3bsixExq5 s3hx¬2 xr5gymiz a Dash 8. anticipate an escalation in our pricing to mo9lA Gwkw5 cz5bÔq5 xg§5 accommodate this very significant new R!!,))),))) Ìä5 u5ñî5gi4 x3ÇAbµ5 s3hxl7j5 – gzoE/ cost. (Air Inuit spends approximately $11,000,000 per year on s5hi ®Ns/3©tsi3Xs§k5 xbsysozJj5.H fuel — our second largest single expense.) v7Xis2 ckwqyx3iz5 whmQ/si3Xs§a7m5, bm8N With the Company’s stability foremost in mind, considering

®Ns/tA5 mrbZhxDtsJ6 whmQ5hA, wkw5 cz5bÔq5 this general economic condition, Air Inuit has elected to adopt magazine

eu3Dxq5 vJyt5yQx3ymo3uJ5 xg9lxÖoi3u4 ®Ns/i4 x3ÇA2 etz a conservative “horns in” posture until mid-year. This will allow tr9lA. ÖàosoD5b Ns5ygwi3nsA8NMzJA5 v7Xis2 us to better assess net contextual effects on the company. In mr[4f5 ®Ns/oxEc5bbq5b h3ê?9oxiq8i4. µ8Nsizi, wkw5 the interim, Air Inuit management will continue with project MAKIVIK 38 39 wkw5 cz5bÔq5b SJz Air Inuit Propwash

planning for 2003, guided by decisions from the Company’s board of directors. Air Inuit congratulates all participants in the Ivakkak Challenge 2003. Our flight and support crews were able to transport all competing teams to the start line in Kangiqsujuaq — on time and ready to trot. Initially, the kennel system developed for the HS748 suffered from over- large air holes in the doors. This caused considerable excite- ment on board during the first day, as some of the smaller dogs departed their assigned seating locations. Overnight, the doors were temporarily modified with a cross plate, which subsequent- ly and happily kept all huskies in their seats with their seat belts on. The cages will be further e7ugw8Ni4 syAt5noxam9lfxW5g5. ISABELLE DUBOIS refined and permanently modified Special Containers installed for husky dogs. over the summer in preparation for next winter’s event. cz5bÔq5b vmp7mEq5 vJyt5yq8Nix3g5 WNhx3bsJ5ni4 X3âilt4 @))#-ËozJi4, grjx5tbslt4 v7Xis2 vtmpq5b Air Inuit Pilots Visit Antarctica grÌ3bq8k5. In November and December, 2002, Air Inuit Captain Robert wkw5 cz5bÔq5 sWQ/cMs3S5 wMscbsMs3goµi4 Palfreeman, visited Antarctica while on temporary assignment to ej5yf5 hvosti3j5 w?4vj5 @))#–u. cz5bÔ3tK9l Unnalik Aviation of Iqaluit. This marks the first time that a mem- WNh5tK9l hvostJ5ã5 ej5yq8i4 vq3hJxox3tyMsJ5 ber of Air Inuit has travelled so far from home and, peripherally, WQx3[zk5 - ˆ7mˆ3thQ9l ejgw8NExco3tlQ5. marks an extended new horizon of experience for the Company. WQxzizi, e7ucsᑏ5 W?9oxtbsMs3ymJ5 &$* cz5bÔzi Upon his return, Robert provided a detailed report of Antarctic syAtoxa5ht4 e7ui4 s4fxzA5 r9Mq5 xqlx3ymJ5. bm8N operations, which provides detailed and complete technical guid- sw7mzt5yMsJK6 yK9oÙ5yxu s9lu wrQxzo3ht4 bm4fx ance to the Company in the event that we compete for a contract e7ü5 uri3ã5 xi[cgw8Nc5bMsJ7mb w5y[QZhx3bui5. s8kgx3m5 s4fxq5 nNQx3bsyMsJ5 rrxu4 n8iDx3Ìtbs5ht4 s4fxzA5, bZ e7ü5 xigw8NcèoMsJ5 cz5bÔu b5yymcbso3htx9˜5. bm4fx e7ucsᑏ5 nNQx5yxbs˜q8Ng5 xy5pQx3bsME9lt9l sW3¯aMzJu X3âiAtQlA ra9ou srsu hvostisM3uJj5.

wkw5 cz5bÔq5b cz5bÔ3tq5 yM3Jx2 xÌk5 S˜ExMsJK5 ª[7WEul ᑏy7WEul @))@–u, wkw5 cz5bÔq5b cz5bÔ3tmEz5 Robert Palfreeman, S˜Ex3ymMsJK6 yM3Jx2 xÌk5 WNhA5pMs3ghi sˆo4 cz5bÔq8i4 wcl7usi4. bm8N yK9oÙ9lg3u wkw5 cz5bÔziusu4 xs9MgcEx1zMsJ6 szy5gmE7j5 xq3Cui5, x7ml WQx3tyAts5hi kÌu4 W[5nsgw8NExcoC/3gu4 v7Xij5. st3ymogxCu Ì8N

DWx5 gn3tyicoMsJ6 yM3Jx2 xÌi xsMbsJ[î5 u5ñk5, magazine

eu3Dxq5 kw5yhil W9lf5bsQxc§i4 grjxAtsQxc§i9l v7Xij5

WA5pAmy˜Dt4 bµi kNu yKi5nsMzJu. Ì5hm gn3tyAtq5 BOB MESHER wkw5 cz5bÔq5b wr[5nix3[z5 S[3igu. mr[4f5 wMcMsJ5 x5paxi4 xuh7mExl8i4 x2XmE5bo8i4. At the Air Inuit counter in Puvirnituq. MAKIVIK 38 39 wkw5 cz5bÔq5b SJz Air Inuit Propwash

xzJ3ç6 DWx5 Ù9[Em8, nsuxi3y6, x2Xs2 nixî5g6... KIYOKO NISHIMURA Captain Robert Palfreeman, on the left, next to the penguin...

wkw5 cz5bÔq5b xrr9oQx3tyAtq8k5 sW3znul in that region in the future. His report also included photos of sW3¯ul numerous penguins. x5pŒqgk5 x3[bc5bhb vtm5yc5bhbl kN[oµu, xWEstsMsJK6 Ì4fx wkw5 cz5bÔq5 yKixÅi3n6 Air Inuit Specials for Spring and Early Summer cspt5y§aZ/3m¯b xrr9oQx3ym1ah5gi4 bm4fx wk©5tg5 During various field trips and meetings throughout Nunavik, it X3âym5yxi3ns?8ixmb xgDmixgxDt4. iEs2SA5 xuh7mE8i4 was requested that Air Inuit provide more advance notice of spe- kN[7usi4 xg5yxg[isQxq5 mr{[xu xrr9oQx3tyisMsJu4 cials or seat sales such that individuals could better plan to take $)¶-k5 xrr9oQx3ymMsJ7mb ÉEo !) x7ml @# advantage of them. We hope that many Nunavimmiut took advan- xf8izi. tage of our recent Easter special, which provided a 40 per cent kNügw8Ng5 W5JtQlQ5 xrr9oQx3ymic˜3uJ6 Ôis2 discount between April 10th and April 23rd. etzi5 x7ml Jä WQx3izk5 tr9lA. bm4fNi s9lîoCu4, We are also offering our Land-locked Seat Sale from mid-June kN[s2 wkq5 yr©4f5 xsM3cè§a7mb xStc5yxD8âgx3m5 yfl to the beginning of July. During this season, people in Nunavik x5bNo3hi, g?4fl xsMJ4f5 wq3C[cChxEx6 Nqx3No3hi. are unable to travel by snowmobile due to a lack of snow and bm4fx W5JtQ5hQ5 xrr9oQx3bsymic§aQK6 ybmi4 w5y?sbi4 unsafe ice conditions, yet the drifting ice can make travel by sk3iÙcD8Nt9lQ5 m8gpxj5. xrr9oQx3tyym˜3gA5 wozJi4 water treacherous. Rates are fixed for this special, with a limit of bys/3Jx2 kNoq8i5 m8gpxj3gu4 stj9l, x7ml sz?s2 four seats per flight to Montreal. We will have a directional spe- kNoq8i5 ƒ4Jxj5 stj9l. cial from Hudson Bay communities to Montreal, return, and from wkw5 cz5bÔq5 xrr9oQx3tyymc5bMz7uJ5 Ungava Bay communities to Kuujjuaq, return. i5/l5Ìi3u4 W1axi3Jxo3Xb xWE/symgxDt4 W1axi3Jxu4 Air Inuit will provide special fares for music festivals upon x3ehwpk5. bm4fx kN[oµu xrr9oQx3tyymAᑏ5 request from festival organizers. These Nunavik-wide specials will gn3tyAtsix3g5 Wsygc3tA5 bm4fizoµ6 rN4fgw8Ni4 be announced in the traditional manner for all interested persons gnsà8NyxChx§i4. to be well informed. X3Nc5buJA5 wMQxEc5bht9l csbm3ystcᕇ3gi4 We are also planning and adding addition scheduled flights W?9oxmE5gcogx3m5 bm4fx rN4fgw8â5 ÉAmJ5 Öà5gk5 for when other major events are scheduled to better enable any- wic5yxi3nsd9lQ5. one who wishes to attend such events.

µ8Nsizi, scsyc3SA5 Nf3üi5ti4 wl8Nq8i4 wkw5 In the meantime, we express our appreciation to all Air Inuit magazine

eu3Dxq5 cz5bÔq5b WNh5tq8i4 xJw8Nyxc5bMs3iq8k5 srsu personnel for their strong efforts in what has been a very cold win- es/N7mEMs3gu, W5yxdpMz5hbl sW3znso3X5 bà8i4 ter, and send best wishes for a fine spring to both our personnel mr[4f5 WNh5tdtt8il WA5p/5ti9l. and our customers. MAKIVIK 40 41 wtZüg5 On the Hoof

4vi x3ÇA5ti g5gix3iE?5bK5 raC3ymMs3g6 W5Jbst9lQ5 he start of our caribou harvest was delayed this year as the bg5gw5 wroymiq5 x3ÇAc5bymJ©1qmEMs3mb sk3iq5. Tmigration of animals was much later than in previous years. W5JtcEx9Mu5hb wr8ini4 g5gZhx˜3iu4 yKioxEym/5ti4 Furthermore, a much smaller operation was envisaged this year W5JtQ5hQ5 ®Ns/3glx3Öomî5. in order to keep costs as low as possible.

wkw5 cz5bJz5b m3DoxDdtz5 g5g[i3bstsMsJ6. NEIL GREIG An Air Inuit Twin Otter was used to transport the caribou meat.

bm4fkz wMs7ut9lQ5, g5gb[iK5 c9lˆ5 kNz8k5 In addition, we have delivered our caribou products south by xs9MtMsJ/K5 wkw5 cz5bÔq5 xg3hQ5 ƒ4JxÇW1u5 using Air Inuit aircraft operating from Kuujjuarapik with cargo ser- cz5bc5bt9lA ƒ8ixt4f5 kNz8i sy5noxac5bht4 vice down to Radisson, and road transport to Montreal. The camp kN4fÔ4f5 m8gpxoxD5/six3tlQ5. xdwm[4 eMlZ3ys[s2 at Lac Mollet was used for this year’s harvest operation. Our hunt- byzî5g6 b4vi x3ÇAu g5g[ioE[sMs3g6. g5gix3tcMs3hbl ers were from Kuujjuarapik and Umuijaq, while butchers from the ƒ4JxCWs9l sus/s9l mòtq8i4, c9lˆ5 kNz8i g5g[î5 South prepared the meat. ie5noxac5bt9lQ5.

g5g[î5 xs9Mtbs1qi3ui4 dx3yxaJ5 i[ztbsJ9l ñu5gl. yM3Jxus5 ie5ndtu8i bf5nst5yiz8îg5. NEIL GREIG NEIL GREIG Pieces of caribou meat hung to freeze before shipping. At the International Food Show.

b4vi x3ÇAu x8igDtsMs3g5 WJ8NDtQixo3u/K5 yKi5ti Production from this year’s harvest guarantees the develop- g5g[i3i4 XÌDt5nos3iu4. ÉEost9lA wMs/3gymMsJQKA5 ment of new caribou paté for the foreseeable future. We attended

yM3Jxus5 ie5n/dtui4 bf/5nc3tyiq8k5 m8gpxu, b4vi the Montreal International Food Show (“SIAL”) in April, where magazine

eu3Dxq5 is[x5ndtc§9l is[Ch2Xg9l gry[QMsJ/K5 nN?5bt8i4 distributors and customers expressed continuing interest in the WJmic5yxq8NExq5. x?b4f5 ᑏdtq5 kwbtMsJ7u/K5 product. Avataq’s tisanes were also displayed at the food show mr[4f5 W/sJmJCbsMsJQK9l. and were received very positively. MAKIVIK 40 41 klx3tbsJ5 Caught in the Trawl

NhAtcc5boEKA5 sux3Jxu4 ra7u4 ra3MixDtQ5hA. e are now working with the WÌ8N sux3Jx6 µ5pst9lA xsMst3lÜ8NMsJ6 WMV Kinguk to har vest our kˆÜ8NExcMe5hi ¥8 ÷8 is?s8˜8u, bm8NsZlx3tlA shrimp. The vessel experienced Ì5hm xsMs5÷iz xJá5©q5g6 Wsygw8Nsm5 sux3Jxk5 generator problems in March and wcl8ixi3u4 WNhxDts?5gk5. was required to land in St. John’s, is3Dy3[ã5 vJy5ht4 xe5gÙlq8Ng5 ®Nsè5 Newfoundland, however these are sk3yQxZ˜Wgw8NymJ5 bm8N Öà7m5, ryxi Öà4flx3tlQ5 normal operating problems for fishing raxCsi3ni4 Wc5bi5tk5 wvJ3ym/sJA5. vessels. Markets continue to be soft with small increases in prices, but this is offset by an increase in the catch of small shrimp. We expect to have an increase in allocations by the end of May, however we are awaiting an announcement from the Minister of Fisheries and Oceans. We have also presented the minister with options that may potentially increase our involvement in the fishery. For these options, we are awaiting the outcomes of consultations. Negotiations between Canada and Greenland for quotas and allocations continues this spring. We are hopeful that we can finalize many of these negotiations this year, but his- torically these have been very long processes. We continue to make representations at the Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organization (NAFO) on behalf of the Inuit of Nunavik on an ongoing basis.

NUNAVIK ARCTIC FOODS NUNAVIK wm3Wox1qi3ui X3Ng5. Training is expected to take place this year in June, On-shore preparations. for which we will place the usual number of 12 students. Anyone interested in this training should contact their local ®Ns/tA5 x[ctŒAtc3tbsAtQ?5bt8i4 à b3ezi employment office. sk3yQxC/3tlQ5 iEsQ/c3gA5 ryxi gn3tbsAtQQxoK5 wcl8ixioEi3jl wm3WoEi3jl g3cb3[sJj5. x7mbs6 g3cb3[u4 gip[c3ymQKA5 ck3©Dt5nq8i4 sk3yQx3bsMeAt- QZ/3bq8i4 wcl8ixi3u4 WNhxDtQ?5bb. Ì4fkz ck3©DbsAtQAm/5tk5 sb3eKA5 cspixDtsc5bg[i3i4. xqctŒZhxDtiq5 vNbus9l xfr5gus9l woz5ht4 ckw9lxgi4 WA8Nt5yi3k5 x7ml x4AwAtk5 vJyMzJ5 b4vi sW3znuFsW3¯u. iEs8ic5yxq8NCh2SA5 bm4fx xqctŒZhxDtQ/K5 b4vi x3ÇAu whoic3inq8i4, ryxi ÖàZlx3tlb Wsygcc§aJ5 xfiEi3u4. vJyAtcq8NuJA5 srs3bgu wcl8ixi3u4 tusJ4fk5 GNAFOH m8ipAtQc5bb5ti4 wk8i4 kN[7usi4 r4Zg3hb bm8N vJyq8NMzJ6. WQs3nt5yi6 ÔisMzJu x©t˜3tlA yKicDtQ7u/K5, Öµ5ãN6 do9l m3Dli4 WQs3nt5y§aZ5b Öà9lx˜q8NuJ5.

wcl8ixi3u4 WQs3nDmJgw8â5 kNo7ui WNhZ5n/oEpu4 SAMMY KUDLUK cspQx3[cD8Ng5. N5¥5 s3hq8i4 WNhx3i6 ho vJyq8NuJ6 WNhctst9lQ5 Work towards the processing of seal fat continues in collab- N5yf5. kw5yi5ã5 ho WA8Ny/sQxcq8Ng5 Ì4fNi oration with Natsiq. Much development is still required for this WNhx3bt8i N5¥l s3hq8i4 ho W/cExcq8Nu5hb project and we will need more seal fat in order to compete in the

wMsA8NixDmgxD5b is3Dãi3k5. s3h6 xrroymJ6 yM3Jxus5 market place. Prices for fat have been reduced as the world’s pro- magazine

eu3Dxq5 xuh5 N5y[î5 s3hq8i4 WNhxo3ifq8k5. bm8N h3êymJ6 duction of seal oils increases. This has an impact on what we can xrc3tyAtQA8Nym/5ti4 h3CbsQx9Mut9lQ5 xrøAtQ?5bK5 reasonably charge, and by extension what we can pay to harvest- mr[4f5 Swpys3ti4 WNh5tdt5ti9l. ers and workers. MAKIVIK 42 43 kN[7u nNá5 WNh5ymo3bq5 Nunavik Creations Review

kN[7u nNá5 is[3ix[z5 Brisk Business for Nunavik Creations

s4fwyicMsJK5 kN[7u nNá5 is[3[Ìcuzi4 ƒ4Jxu The grand opening µ5p !$, @))#–u. WJEstc7mE5ht4, Wb ᐋbul ᐋbu of Nunavik Creations’ xMfl Nv5yMsÔ4 wÏzJu4 g1zh5ty5ht9l bf8NEx3ymJi4, new store in Kuujjuaq Ì8Nl oy Jx4 g5yxic3tyt9lA ã7mt5yhi is[3[u4. was held on March 14th, s4fxq5 s4fwMsJ5 s9˜f5 !):))–au wk8il 2003. With much pride, wÌJò8Nc5bMsJ5hi s4fxizk5 trCb3hA %:))–aj5. Pita Aatami and Adamie iei9l bjlZ5ni9l Wbò8NMsJ6 s9loµ6 x7ml is[x5nu4 Alaku were there to cut NMs5ñtbsMsJ5ht4 s8knsogx3m5. Ì8N is[3ix[4 the ribbon and welcome

is[3[syxc5bMs3g6 s4fwoimi5, bm4fx WA5/sJ5 the crowd, while Lizzie ᐋbu xMf rWyJ6 s4fwyAtu4 LOUIS CAROLINE ST. Nf3nc5bMs3g5 xuh7mE8i4 is[x5ncExz. York recited the opening is[3[b3cu3u4, Wb ᐋbul oy Jx4l Xt5bt9lQ4. Wb ᐋbu sçMsJ6 s4fwyic3tlQ5, >kN[7u nNá5 prayer to bless the store. Adamie Alaku cut the ribbon to open xbsy3u4 ryxi kwbsmAtc3S6 WNhZ5nosDtsix3hi The doors opened at the new store, as Pita Aatami and kN[7u.> bf8ˆhQ5 xuh7mExl7mb is[x5nEo3bq5 10:00 a.m. and there was Lizzie York applauded. is3Dbsc5bgw9l is[3bsc5bg9l, Ì8N is[3ix[4 bm5huz a steady stream of people until the doors closed at 5:00 p.m. gÇZ3u4 W[c3ty5yxc5bo3g6. Food and refreshments were offered throughout kN[7u nNá5 WNhx7mEc5buJ5 kÌi4 the day and a merchandise raffle was held in trãc5bht4 x8kÇi4 W/ᕇ3cuMs3uJ5 the afternoon. The store has been doing brisk WNhA5pAtui4 x8kÇosD5pht4 ¥W¥4fi4 business since opening, as customers are Ì4fx bf8NC5nos3ic3mb si4Ïgi4 pleased to have such a large choice of quality bm5hjz >wkw5 kNz8ius6 Nk6>. products. x5posEQxy˜3g5 ÉEo WQx3cuso3X5 As Pita Aatami mentioned in his speech at x7ml rNoµ4fi4 cspmt5yyxChx˜3ht4 the opening ceremony, “Nunavik Creations’ sole czso3X5 kwbtbs˜3m¯b. x7ml5bs6, purpose is to create employment in Nunavik.”

Ì8N kÌ6 mr{[f5 tuxDdtz µ8Nf5 bfuN3gmᕇ5 Ws4ftlÏ5 CHARLES DORAIS Considering the large quantity of products that x8kÇosE8io3uJ5 wkw5 cz5bÔq5b is[x5ndbsJ5 is[3[b3cu3u. are being bought and sold, the store is definitely Beautiful accessories for sale in the cz5bÔoEpq8i4 x7ml xf3DxosD5phQ5 new store. meeting this objective. ey/i4 wkw5 cz5bÔq5b vtmpq8i4. Nunavik Creations is busily working on new kN[7u nNá5 wMscbsMsJ7uJ5 x8kÇi4 bf5nst5yi6 orders for clothing and has recently finished a contract to create gi3Ö7u wcl8i costumes for the CBC, which is filming a documentary on the ÉEo WQx3cust9lA, original “Nanook of the North”. Filming will start in the beginning X3NX9oxuJ5 m3Dwk5 of April and we will keep everyone posted as to when it will air. x8kÇi4 bf5nst5yî8k5 As well, the new Makivik subsidiary is presently making uniforms m8gpxu sfkz North for Air Inuit ticket agents and sealskin vests for Air Inuit’s board American Fashion and Fur of directors. Exhibition Montreal Ì4fx Nunavik Creations also participated in a fashion show at x9Mbso3tlQ5. Ì8N Toonik Tyme in Iqaluit in early April, and was also preparing to m8gpxu bf5nst5yi6 be in two fashion shows at the North American Fashion and Fur u3h[7u ƒ4Jxü5gu WNh5g5. AUSTIN COLLEEN GREENE xqi3Xshi u3do8i4 Exhibition Montreal (NAFFEM) at the time of writing. NAFFEM is Working in Kuujjuaq’s sewing shop. bf5nst5yic§aK5 the largest fur show in North America, for which they also planned xuEÜ5 b3Coµzi to have a booth set up to meet retailers from Canada, the United kNo8k5, b=Zi bf5nst5y[c˜3ixmb vty[sc5bix3tlA States, and Europe. ix[3ix[c§k5 vNbu, xuEÜ5 kNzil bEs9l xrxi. The Kativik School Board has graciously provided a room in vt[4 wo8ixioE6 cExc3tyA8Nyymo3uJ5 wk7mE8i4 their adult education building in Kuujjuaq for a sewing centre. wo8ixt5y[zb w9ldtzi ƒ4Jxu u3h[sixo3tlA. wo5tᑏ5 Seamstresses from other sewing centres in Inukjuak, Salluit xyq8i5 u3h[8i5 WymJ5 wk5Jxu5, n9li9l vq3hul and Kangirsuk arrived in Kuujjuaq on March 24th for a week-

ƒ4JxoMsJ5 µ5p @$–u WNhxDyoµu wo8ixtbsic3ht4 long intensive training session for the new machinery that magazine

eu3Dxq5 kÌi4 u3hDti4 kN[7u nNá4fk5 xg3bsix3gi4 u3h[so3gk5. Nunavik Creations will be using in all its sewing centres. For kN[7u nNá5 u5ñk5 gryQx9MDmA5y cEbs/4f5 bfQxD8NSy more information on Nunavik Creations, go to their website at: mr[4f5 s?i www.nunavikcreations.com www.nunavikcreations.com. MAKIVIK 42 43 kN[7u nNá5 WNh5ymo3bq5 Nunavik Creations Review

kN[7u u3do8i4 xsM5yAtk5 Operations at Nunavik Furs

kN[7u u3dø5 mr{[f5 kÌaiXst9lA tux- Nunavik Furs is a division of DdtQ?5 WNhx3[Q/sJ6 wq3Ctbsic3ymo3hil Makivik’s newest subsidiary, Nunavik ƒ4Jxu srx5nsMsJui5. Ì8N eg7mã[4 wic3tbsJ6 Creations, and has been operational in c9lt4 s3hxl8ix[4f5 w9ldtzi, eg7mãA8N[s5hi Kuujjuaq since last fall. This tannery is ckw5ggw8Ni4 u3do8i4, ey8iZn4. located in the Halutik Fuels building, kN[7u u3dø5 WA5pQx9Mah7uJ5 u3do8i4 offering full tanning services for any bs5gos3tsi3u4, g5g[î9l xuq8i4 N5¥5 type of furs, including sealskins. eyq8il egµ/os3iu4 yKi5nsMzJu. Ì8N Nunavik Furs also plans to offer eg7mã[4 kx5y?9oxuJ5 u3do8i4 kN[7u additional services such as fur dying WAmJi4 eg7mn3ymJi4 Wt5yAt5nsht4. and making caribou hide leather and mr{[f5 ®Ns/tA5 mr2XoxZhx3ioE[z5b sealskin leather in the near future. The WA5p[z5 cspnc5buJ5 kw5yA8Nm¯3u m3Îi4 tannery is also accumulating an inven- kNooµ5 eg7mã[5nq8i4 kN[7usi4 WA5pix3©i4. tory of furs to meet the demand for e¥5 bytEstu w8iymJ5. Ì8N WA5p[4 Wsyosut5yZhxq8Noµc5buJ5 Seal skins are fastened to a CHARLES DORAIS tanned skins in Nunavik. u3do8i4 W/sc5bgi4 kN[7u cspn3ht4 stretching rack. Makivik’s Economic Development vm5yxi3nsAy3i4 u3do8i4, bZ WNhx3bsAtq5 Department is also looking at the WsyosutbsQxcMzJ5 ᐋ3eh3bsic3lt9l wMsJ5 possibility of establishing two additional regional tanneries to WNhx3[nc5yxi3nsd9lQ5. meet Nunavik’s needs. The Department is also continuously ᑏy7WE @))@–u, mr{[f9l vt[4fl u3doEi3u4 vtmixDc3tyMsJ5 bm5hjz mò5ti4 nS7upq8k5, mr{[f9l WNh5tq8k5. Ì8N WNhxDyoµu u3doEi3u4 won3isMsJ6 vJytbsMsJ6 s?i Fur Harvester’s Auction, North Bay, Ontario. !#–i4 wk8i4 kN[7usi4 wo8ixtbsJcMsJ6 wl8Nt9l WNhx3bsAyQ§qi4, u3do8i4 vmAy3i4

tEZ8ixè5 vJ3g[î5 eg7mñaJ5. CHARLES DORAIS Red fox pelts being tanned.

trying to improve the quality of furs harvested in Nunavik by exploring better ways of handling furs, which means finding improved production processes and organizing workshops for kN[7u u3dooEº5 vtmJ5 Gif3Cht4 nsuxi5-bo3Wxk5H ºx{E COMPLIMENTS: NUNAVIK FURS COMPLIMENTS: NUNAVIK beneficiaries. XMu, ñ39 gᕇ, bix9 ouä, Ìu ᐋbu, Ìix9o fxb, ᑏ[ AÉ5, [o2 sò5g6, x7ml ñ8t fxb. Gw5y?J5, nsuxi5-bo3Wxk5H kx In December 2002, Makivik and KRG organized a fur-grading iqsD[4 ñu b3exW4, v+ᑏN x3Ng4, µ4 bsi x7ml Ùn ᐋNˆ6. workshop for the hunter support programs, as well as for Makivik Nunavik Furs gathering (standing L-R): Jeffrey Flemming, Charles Dorais, staff. The week-long grading and fur-handling course took place Daniel Llemelin, Tommy Adams, Daniel Gordon, David White, Phillip Ohaituk, and Sandy Gordon. (sitting, L-R): Noah Ningiuruvik, Sammy at Fur Harvester’s Auction in North Bay, Ontario. Thirteen peo- Tukkiapik, Christina Angnatuk, Mark Downey, and Pasha Annanack. ple from across Nunavik attended the course and all agreed that it was an eye opening experience, as they planned to share their vrx4ãAy3il wo8ixt5yAtcD8N˜o3ht4 xq3CymoDt4. new fur handling and fur grading skills with others back home. bm8N WQx3XoxAtgw8NsJ6, Ì4fx mr{[f9l vt[4fl This is only a start, as Makivik and KRG plan to organize more vJyt5yQxah7mî4 u3do8i4 wo8ixt5yi3u4 yKi5nt8i fur workshops in the near future and find improved methods of Wsyosut5yQx3lt9l u3doEi3u4. fur handling.

kN[7u wMsJ5 kNo8i mò5ti4 nS7upq5 xgi5 Nunavik beneficiaries and local hunter support organizations magazine

eu3Dxq5 kNooµi g1zh5tbsJ5 sçMAmgxDt5 kN[7u u3dø5fk5 in every community are welcome to contact Nunavik Furs at sKz G*!(H (^$–!&)@–j5 sçAtc3lt4 eg7mãAtsQxo8i4 (819) 964-1702 to discuss their tanning needs and to send their mr[4f5 xs9Mt5yc5bDmgxDt9l eg7mñ5ni4. furs for tanning. MAKIVIK 44 45 cspZhx3[u4 eu3Di6 Research Observations

s9lu ckwozo3m¯b h4fN3goEî5 srs3bgu wMq5 @: kwt3gw5 WD§î5g5 h4fN3gè5

àf9 4Ax8 x9Mbq5 The Present State of the Contaminant Issues in the Arctic Part II: Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs)

By Michael Kwan

rs3bgu h4fN3goEi6 grjxAtq8îtbsc5boMs3g5 he issue of Arctic pollution made its way to the top of the skNc3çymJ5 wkdtq8k5, cspn3tmE8kl, v?mk9l, Tagenda for Aboriginal groups, the scientific community, and bm4fx sxDt5nè5 h4fN3goxEym/q5 srs3bgü§aMs3ym1qg5 governments, when chemical contaminants foreign to the Arctic csp/sMsJmb Wbc7mEo3tlQ5 bµi kNu. were detected in significant quantities in the region. xbsylxaxu4 sxDt5n/9MEs§3i4 Ö/sAyclxax§aK6 The single most important group of chemicals is often wà5gu4 kwt3gw5 WD§î5g5 h4fN3gè5. Ì4fx x5pQq©ic3g5 referred to as persistent organic pollutants (POPS). This consists xuh[5hQ5 !)) sk3gQ5ht4 nN/s§a5ht4 w˜î3bsht9l of hundreds of chemicals manufactured and used intentionally or xg3bs§a5ht4 s{?¬8î5 w˜isqg6 kwt3bs?5ht4 generated unintentionally from industrial processes in the South. nN[3Jxk5 c9lˆ5 kNzi. sk3iã5 h4fN3gè5 czbA8N§a7mb Most POPs are volatile and carried by air over long distances szy5gxl7j5 xi3iƒD8N§a5ht4 c9lˆi5 W5ht4 bZ vbZy- from the South and deposited onto land and ocean when they ixoCu4 kNj5 bEs3Jxj9l encounter the cold Arctic air. vtygxCu4 srs3b©2 yMzb They are then taken up by ani- w4®N3izi4. bZ W/sc5b- mals and enter food chains. ixoCu4 ßµJi4 ieQ/sA8N- The reasons for concern gîo3ht4. stemmed from the toxici- whµlAtsMeymK5 bm4fx ty and persistence of these sxDt5nè5 h4fN3go7mEsifuk5 chemicals. At high dosage or kwv5bc5bo3izk9l. xqJu4 for a long period, many POPs W/stbsgxCu4 s{?¬8î5 have been shown to adversely xfîxl4 W/stbsgxCu4, affect immune, reproductive, xuh7mE8i4 h4fN3g/i4 and nervous systems of labora- bf5nsJc3ymo3g6 Öµaqg¯3l tory animals. Some are proven h3êic§at9lQ5 bm4fiz or suspected to be cancer- cspn3bsJ5 ßmJw5 cE- causing agents.

bub xsM5yAtq8i4, SAMMY KUDLUK As their name suggests, eg3qsDtq8il, x7ml POPs are highly persistent in krq5b xsM5yAtq8i4. wMq5 csp/s9ME5ymJ5 s{?¬8î5 the environment and break down very slowly in the cold climate. mlQo3bsm5ht4 x6rc/1qgosD8NExq5 wloq5. They tend to accumulate readily in animal fat and build up to high bm5hms2 Ö/sAyz whmN3ty7m5, bm4fx h4fN3gè5 levels with age. Excretion is very slow. The extent of accumulation kwv5bg7mEs§aK5 x?tu h4Üg7mE7ul xys?9ox§a5ht4 increases significantly up food chains, a process called “biomag- yMz es/N3ifzk5. kx2Xoxahw8N§a7uJ5 ßmJw5 nification”. Animals on the top of food chains such as polar bear, s3hq8îht4 WD3Xoxgw8NixoCu4 srsE5y?9oxi3uk5. Arctic fox, killer whale, gulls, and humans can accumulate high hJ2Xoxtbsizl h4fwg7mEs§a5hi. kx2XoxiE?5bq5 levels of POPs. Infants and fetus are most vulnerable to contam- xqoQx9MmExl§5 ieQ/sJ5 S3gy?9oxiqtA5. ßmJw5 inants, as many POPs can pass readily from mothers to fetus ieQ/s§oµi5 çzî8iÙzî5g5 mfx: Nkw5, tEZ8ix5, through placenta, or to infants through milk.

ᐋ3lw5, Nsè5, wkw9l kx{[smEA8N§5 h4fN3g/k5. A number of sensational articles put the POPs issue in magazine

eu3Dxq5 Wxê9l kbC5ã9l x5bE/c3iXsA8Ng5 h4fN3gi4, xuh7mE8i4 the spotlight. Many of these are biased and cause anxiety and h4fN3g/i4 kbC5n3Ë/3bsJcD8Nm5 xˆNzk5, s{?¬8î5 fear concerning the safety of country foods. In view of this, I mr[4f5 kbC3k5 xˆNui4 xµm5tbsJk5. have attempted here to present updated scientific findings on MAKIVIK 44 45 cspZhx3[u4 eu3Di6 Research Observations

xuhi4 W7mEaxi4 si4ÏbsJcc5bymo3m5 h4fN3g/oE- POPs in the Arctic and current development in global actions i3j5. bm4fN1z5 xuh7mᕇ5 hoJgx3J÷Chxc5bymJ5 whµ- on emission control. Readers are advised to consult an arti- l5tyMe5ht4 v2Wxho3tyo3htx9˜5 W5Jtc3ht4 iegw8â5 cle in the last issue of Makivik Magazine which set the stage ckwqyxoClx3m¯b. bm8N bf8ˆhA, bµi si4ÏChxMzKz for discussion. kbsyo3ymo3gi4 cspn3imE4f5 cspm/so3gi4 h4fN3g/oEi3j5 srs3bgu x7ml s9lu W?9oxtbsymo3gi4 yM3Jxus5 Wix3i- Current global actions on POPs Eymo3bq8k5 wy3lxl7u4 xsM5yAtQZhx3hQ5. xgx3yJ5 The long-range transport of POPs to the Arctic has clear- cspmd/sK5 bfQx3gnsi3ui4 ra9oÙu kwbsMsJi4 ly demonstrated the global nature of the POPs problem, which mr{[f5 euxDq8i4 bm5hjz sçAtsQx1zymJi4. can only be dealt with via concerted efforts from nations worldwide. Conventions and protocols have recently been put in place s9lu yM3Jxusoµ5 Wix3icDtq5 W5Jtc3ht4 aiming to severely restrict and ultimately ban new production, h4fN3g/i4 emission, and use of old stockpiles of selected POPs at region- szy5gj5 wq3CtbsA8Niq5 h4fN3gè5 srs3bgj5 al and global levels. There were comprehensive assessments of bf5nst5yyx3ymo3g6 yM3Jxoµu h4fN3g/k5 pollution in the Arctic, published in 1997 WâlbEo3bq5b ckwozi9MEzi4, and 1998 by the Arctic Monitoring and vmQ/sA8Nggxa5hil xJw8ˆE/sli ßmJw5 ieQ/s§oµi5 Assessment Programme (AMAP) of the kN3Jxc3goµk5. vtmi3Jxcc5bymo3g5 çzî8iÙzî5g5 mfx Arctic Council. In 1998, these assess- eu3DmE8iu9l gÇzic3ht4 Nkw5, tEZ8ix5, ments led the United Nations Economic W[c3ty5yxD8âlt4 W[c3tyA8âMzlt9l ᐋ3lw5, Nsè5, wkw9l Commission for Europe (UNECE) to adopt kÌi4 kw5yi3u4 wy3lt5yi3ul xg3iu9l kx{[smE§5 h4fN3g/k5. a regional protocol on POPs to control 16 h4fN3g/gc3i4 kwbŒ3ymJi4 kNooµtA5 selected POPs in all of Europe, all states yM3JxusoµtA9l. Ns5yg7mE5bsJc3ymo3g6 Wxê9l kbC5ã9l of the former USSR, and North America. nlà5gi4 srs3bgu, kwbsymJi4 !((&– x5bE/c3iXsA8Ng5 UNECE’s regional protocol paved ul !((*–ul srs3bgu vmNh8isymJj5 h4fN3gi4, xuh7mE8i4 the way for global negotiations on POPs, Ns5ygwisymJ3jl srs3bgus5 vtmp3Jxq8k5. h4fN3g/i4 led by the United Nations Environment !((*–u, bm4fx Ns5yg3b[î5 kw5yAtsymJ5 kbC5n3Ë/3bsJcD8Nm5 Programme (UNEP). The Stockholm kN3JxusactŒ5 vtmp3Jxq5b Convention, which addresses the POPs mrbZhx3ioEpq8i4 ÔC2u vJyt5yix3tlQ5 xˆNzk5, s{?¬8î5 control issue worldwide, was opened for kNooµtA5 x©C5nsix3gi4 h4fN3g/oEi3i4 kbC3k5 xˆNui4 signature on May 2001. An important xsM5yAtslt4 !^–i4 x5pŒqgi4 h4fN3g/i4 xµm5tbsJk5. feature of the Stockholm Convention is ÔC2oµu, Îyx2 kNdt[ioµq8il, x7ml that indigenous organizations began to xuEvs5 b3Coµzi. Animals on the top of food play a significant role in the global nego- Ì4fx ÔC2u mrbZhx3ioEº5 kNooµk5 chains such as polar bear, tiations. It also explicitly recognized the x©tZ5noxEym/q5 x3dysDtsMsJ6 Arctic fox, killer whale, gulls, risks of POPs to Arctic wildlife, and the yM3Jxusoµk5 xqctŒZhxDtsy5hi health and well being of indigenous peo- h4fN3g/oEi3j5, bZ kw5yAtsy5hi and humans can accumulate ples. The Inuit Circumpolar Conference kN3JxusactŒ5 vtmp3Jxq5b x?tj5 high levels of POPs. (ICC) Canada was awarded the inaugu- wvJ3yAtq8i4. bm8N Stockholm–u Infants and fetus are most ral Global Award for the Environment in vtmi3JxaymJ6, vmAtQ/s5hi h4fN3gè5 vulnerable to contaminants, October 2002 for its proactive role in the xsMbsAtq8ªozJi4 yM3JxusoµtA5, as many POPs can pass negotiation. s4fw¯3tbsyMsJ6 xtosDmJk5 à @))!– No conventions or protocols are of at9lA. W7mEsic3gu4 Övi Stockholm–u readily from mothers to any use unless they are ratified and imple- vtmi3JxaymJu x©tc3g[isMsJ6 bm4fx fetus through placenta, or to mented. Economic repercussions entailed kNc3çymJ5 tudtq5 x©to9MEx¬oMsJ7mb infants through milk. in pollution control often slow the ratifica- yM3Jxusoµ5 xqctŒZhx3icyt9lQ5. tion process. The Stockholm Convention Ì4fx wobE/c9MExl8iCMsJ5 h4fN3gè5 requires ratification from 50 signatories x5bN3©iq8k5 srs3b©2 ßmJq8k5, x7ml kNc3çymJw5 to take effect. To date, 23 countries have ratified, including wkdtq5b ckwqyx3iq8kl wªyq8kl. Ì4fx wkw5 Canada. When implemented, the Stockholm Convention will ulti- yM3Jxus5 vtmp3Jxq5 vNbu É5gbsymo3g5 WQx1zDtu4 mately eliminate worldwide use, production, and emission of 12 yM3Jxusi4 É5©ts§ao3gu4 x?toEi3j5 s5©WE groups of the most dangerous POPs. These include eight pesti- @))@–u wMscbs9ME1qvlx3ht4 x©tc9MEMs3iq8k5 cides, PCBs, dioxins, furans and HCB.

xqctŒZhx3gi. Major industrial nations such as the US, Russia and China magazine

eu3Dxq5 vtmi3JxcDt[î5 x©tZ5noxaymJ9¬î5 x©tcD8N- have yet to ratify the Convention. Without these key players, the Mz5/q5g5 xq7mE5bsqgxDt4 vJytbs9ME1qgxDt9l. realization of a complete global control of POPs will still be some mr[4f5 mrbZhx3ioEi4f5 whw9obsMzgxCu4 nlà5gw5 distance away. Apart from the US, Russia is the major exporter of MAKIVIK 46 47 cspZhx3[u4 eu3Di6 Research Observations

xsMbsicChxogx3mb Ömz5 h4ÜoQx3t- y1qis/qg5 xq7mE5bsQxc3iq8i4. Ì8N Stockholm–u vtmi3JxaymJ6 xq7mE5bsQxcMzJ6 %)–i4 sk3ic- Exzgk5 x©tc3ixDi. s9luj5 tr5hA, @#–i4 kN3JxaJi4 xq7mEstc3ymJco3g6, vNb wMst9lA. vJytbsogxDt4, Ì8N Stockholm–u vtmi3JxaymJ6 xyst5yAts9ME8ixo3g6 yM3Jxoµu xg3iq8i4 kw5yb3iq8il wy3los3iq8il !@–i4 x5pŒqgi4 v2WxN3iÙaiq8i4 h4fN3g/3i4. bm4fx wMc3ht4 ybmsJ3gi4 dW3DwèAt5n/i4, mfizl PCBs, dioxins, furans x7ml HCB. nNi3bo7mEsJ5 kN3JxaJ5 sfx xuEvus9l, Îyxus9l ãi¥9l ho yfu xsMn3g6Fwc¬/3g6. xq7mE5bst5yQxcq8Ng5 bmgjz ADAMIE KALINGO Ice fishing. x©tZ5noxamJi4. Ì4fx wMs9MEQxø5 Wbc3tNQ5, hNu5yxgu4 yM3Jxoµu xsM5yAtc3isJ5 h4fN3g/i4 ho szy5©q8NMzJ5. xuEvus5 POPs to the Arctic. Due to the severe lack of funding, the former nixi, Îyxus5 srs3bgj5 h4fN3g/i4 trt5yp7mEs§aK6. Soviet Union is faced with the tremendous problem of properly Ö4fx ®Ns/c5yxq8ifuk5, §[x5us[î5 yKC3uîpxco3g5 disposing of over 20,000 tonnes of obsolete pesticide stockpile Wâlb7mE7u4 nsp5yxExcoClx3ht4 @),))) szÌk3gi4 and thousands of PCBs-laden old electrical equipment which date sdà5gmE8i4 dW3DwèAt5n/[ixl8i4 bsn8tZn3Jxü5gi9l back to the 1960s. ᐲyᐲ3bo8i4 wfmosDt[i3i4 !(^)-i5 WQx3ym5ht4 With recent financial help from the World Bank and techni- kbsqc3gi4. cal help offered by the Arctic Council to dispose these old POPs c7uf5 ®Ns/tA5 wvJ3bsoMsCu4 yM3Jxus5 ®Ns/4f[z8k5 stockpiles, Russia signed the Stockholm Convention at the begin- W9lfQxo5tA9l wvJ3bsht4 srs3bgus5 vtmp3Jxq8k5 ning of 2003. Hopefully it will not be long before Russia ratifies nspAt5nuk5 bm4fiz kbsqgi4 h4fN3g/3bo8i4, the Convention. Despite signing it back in 2001, the US is unlike- Îyxus5 xtos3[cyMsJ5 Stockholm–u vtmi3JxaymJj5 ly to ratify the Convention in the near future, given the current x©tZ5noxaymJi4 @))# WQx3cust9lA. iEs8NMzo3g6 political climate. The Bush administration has taken the position xfisA8âg6 Îyxus5 xq7mstc3ixtlQ5 Ì4fiz that business and economic interests of the nation are well above x©tZ5noxamJi4. xtos3[cMs3ymZlx3ht4 @))!–u xuEvus5 any environmental and conservation issue. For example, the US xq7mE5bst5yANsqg5 µ8NnstQZM4f5, bf8ˆhQ5 s9lu government strongly opposed a new chemicals management pol- Wix3ioEiqtA5 ckwozo3iq5. Ì4fx s9lu v?mq5 icy known as REACH (Registration, Evaluation and Authorization WsycEx3ymo3mb bm4fx WNhZ5n/tA5 mrbZhx3ioEi3jl of Chemicals) proposed by the European Commission in 2002 to WJ5ns÷Dts§5 kN3Jxzi d5yi3nsME8ixt9lQ5 x?toEi3j5 make chemical industries responsible for taking measures to pre- xyst5yÖoioEi3jl. s5©tQlA, xuEvus5 v?mzb vent or minimize the potential consequence of pollution. xrC3gmE8iEMsJ/z kÌi4 sxDt5n/i4 vmAtk5 gÇZos3ymi3u4 wà5gu4 Ö/sAtc3hi sxDt5n/3i4 Nlâ4fy3gwi3j5, Sources and current emission Nlâèi3jl WJ8Nyt5yA8Ni3jl x©t/sAmo3gu4 ÔC2us5 Although long-range transport via the atmosphere and the vtmp3Jxq8k5 @))@–u bm4fiz sxDt5n/i4 nN7mE8ic§5 ocean current is the most significant path for POPs vmQ/cc5bExc3ixo3tlQ5 nl7mtEigw8NsQxcMzJu4 reaching the Arctic, local sources of PCBs such W[c3ty5Öolt4 urosut5ymEZhx3lt9¬î5. as mineral exploration, coal mining and abandoned military sites are important contributors to wy3lw5 Nr5 W§a7m¯b “hot spots” of contamination. At a regional level, szy5gj5 wq3CtbsiE§q5 xi3intÅ3ht9l bEs3Jx2 spillage and runoff from industrial and agricultural regions of the Russian

wq3CiztA9l x3dtQ/si3Xs§aZlx3tlQ5 h4fN3g/k5 SAMMY KUDLUK srs3bgj5 tr5bDts5ht4, kNü5g5 PCBs–bø5 s/C8ixk5 North that drain into the Eurasian xg3bs§î5g5, xsms§i4 s/C3ixbsJü5gl wWê8NbsmJü5gl part of the Arctic Ocean via river

sNb3tcst[i3îg5 nlà5gcst7mEs§aQK5. kNooµtA5, systems account for substantial magazine

eu3Dxq5 f[C3bsymJ5 w3cigw9¬î5 nN[3Jxk5 WD3¥[3Jxk9l input of PCBs and other pollutants. kNc3[sJk5 Îyx2 b3Czî5g5 xi[c§a5ht4 srs3b©2 Despite that, the worldwide control mr[4f5 bEs3Jxdtzi4 ƒq5tÅ3hi r9oc3[sA8Ng5 xqJ7mExl7u4 of POPs has yet to be fully ratified, MAKIVIK 46 47 cspZhx3[u4 eu3Di6 Research Observations

kwbw8Ng5 WDA8Ngî5ht4 h4fN3gw5 hNsiq5 sxDt5nè5 scsy3bq5 GNr5, xg3bsiq5, wloq5, xyq9lH nN§k5 sxDt5nè5 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) @)(–aJ5 sxDt5n/q5. xg3bs§5 wfmk5 Gc5bs/q5 §ayQxDtq5H. wMymAts§5 xsMJw5 s3hDtq8k5, x9Msᑏ5 wm5n/q9l uaxDtk9l. PCBs xg3bsd/sMsJA8âg5 Wd/3ÌmE5ht9¬î5 xuh7mE8i kN3Jxi !(&)–il !(*)–il. polychlorinated naphthalenes x5pQ/sZM5gu4 xg3bsAyc§6 PCB–tg5. xg3bslxD8âymJ6 !(&) (PCNs) whq8ii5, ryxi PCBs /st9lQ5, sk3iã5 kN3Jx5 PCN–i4 Wdp1q©§a5/q5g5. brominated wfx9Mᕇ4fᑏ5 Bromine–bø5 sxDt5nè5 xg3bs§5 ßty5ÖoAts5ht4 c9lˆ3b/i9l e.g. polybrominated diphenyl Ws4fti9l. wMQ/s§aK6 xuh7mE8i is[x5ns§3i. PCBs–tg5 ethers (PBDEs) h4fN3©A8NuJ6 x7ml x?tj5. perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) wWD3ymJi4 nl7mãAts§5. xysgw8ND8Nq5g6 x?tüoCu. xys?9oxg÷D8Nq5ht9l. cspm/s5yxq5g6 h3Cwgw8NExc3izk5 ßmJi4 wk8il. kwbsZhxCt4 kwbs§5 dioxins (PCDDs) and furans kwbs§5 ni3i4 wfx9MtEstk5 ßN3izi4 vmAtc5yxD8Nq5gk5 x7ml nNp7mᕇ5 WNhx3bq8k5 (PCDFs) s3hxl5ggu4 nl7mãAtj5. xyq8k5 kwbs§5 rrxoE[8k5, eJoE[8kl yf5n/oE[8kl. hexachlorobenzene (HCB) kwbs§6 nN/sJc3tlA chlorine gas–u4 sxDt5n/o8il, xuh7mE8il dW3DwèAti4. kwbs§a7uJ6 rrxoEᕖ5 nN[q8k5. polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon xuh7mᕇ5 sxDt5n/s5ht4 wlxî5ht4 wfx9Mym1qgu s3hxl7u (PAHs) kwy§a5ht4 WDA8NgZMw5 wfxMtbsogx3mb. xuhk5 kwbsic§6 mfkz wfxMtbsox3mb xsms§5nè5, rrx5nè9l nN/sogx3mb, kN4fÔ9l hÍ3[q8k5 NÙ3gwl wfxMiq8k5. dW3Di4 gdêAᑏ5 DDT, toxaphene, dieldrin, endrin, bm8N xg3bsd/sA8âMsJ6 xuh7mE8i DD kN3JxaJ3i &)–i9l WD3goEsᑏ9l aldrin, chlordane, heptachlor, *)–i9¬t9lQ5 x3ÇAw5. Chlordane xg3bsd/sA8âymJ6 xuEvi !(*^– mirex, technical HCHs mixture, u. yM3Jxoµu is3Dtc3î5 aldrin–u4 x7ml endrin–u4 k3ctbsMsJ5 lindane (gamma-HCH), tributyltin !(*) x7ml !(() etZMzi5. xuxpvi kw5y§5 toxaphene–u4 (TBT) kw5ycèMsJ5 !((&–u. Technical HCHs–u4 sxD5ygwi6 sk3ink5 kN3Jxk5 xg3bsd/sA8âMsJ6 !(&)–î5tlQ5. kbsqgi4 xuh7mE8i4 dW3DwèAti4 xg3bsJc§aq8Ng6 wMq8i kN3JxaJ3i xJ3ni3nk5. ãi¥5 w8txus9l kw5y§aq8Ng5 DDT–u4 chlordane–u9l. yM3Jxoµu xg3bsdpA8âisJ6 TBT–u4 vJytbsixo3g6 @))#-u.

PCBs–bc§at9lQ5 xyq8il nlà5gmEs7uJi4. and many of the most dangerous POPs, including PCBs and many bm4fxaZlx3tlQ5, yM3JxusoµtA5 xsM5yAtsQxø5 pesticides, have been regulated to different extents by many h4fN3g/i4 ho xq7mE5bsMEQxcq8Ng5 xuh7mᕇ9l countries on their own accord in the last several decades. This v2WxN3iÙE/q5 h4fN3gè5, wMst9lQ5 PCBs xuh7mEsJ9l is largely a result of the environmental movement of the 1970s dW3DwèAt5nè5 moZos3bsymo3ht4 x5pŒq©q8Noµ3tlQ5 and the 1980s during which alarming concerns were raised on xqiq5 xuh7mE8k5 kN3JxaJ3k N7ui6 grÌDbs5ht4 the impacts of toxic chemicals on wildlife in North America and xuhi x3ÇAc5bymo3gi4. bm8N ÖàolxaxymJ6 x?ts2 Western Europe. vmQ/s5yxq8izk5 ˆ7mn1q©Jcc5bMs3ymt9lA !(&)–l Nowadays, many of these POPs are referred to as “legacy !(*)–l x3ÇAq8ît9lQ5 bm4fx dx3ñzNo3g5 whµl8Ng5 POPs”, since their production was terminated and new use was kwbsMsJ7mb bm4fx gd8Ngw5 sxDt5nè5 h3êic§aQxq8k5 banned or severely restricted by most industrial countries from ßmJ3i4 xuEvusoµ5 b3Czi x7ml ÔC2 sxoizi. the mid-70s throughout the early 90s. These include PCBs, DDTs, s9lust9lAo, xuh7mᕇ5 h4fN3gè5 x5pŒqg5 Ö/sA- PCNs, technical HCHs, chlordane, aldrin, dieldrin, and endrin (see yc3tbs§ao3g5 wà5gu4 >h4fN3gè5 emfq5>, nN/s3cèMsJ7mb table on page 49). The US ceased all toxaphene production in kÌu9l xgc5bd/sMsJA8âht4 W[r5gmEx¬tbso3ht9¬î5 1997. sk3ink5 nN[xl5bo8k5 kN3Jxk5 !(&) etzi5 !(() Despite the ban on production and new uses, large quanti- WQ3cusiz tr5hA. bm4fx wMc3ymJ5 mfiz PCBs, DDTs, ties of PCBs-laden products manufactured in the past are still PCNs, technical HCHs, chlordane, aldrin, dieldrin, and endrin in use or abandoned without proper disposal. Albeit in a much (bflQ5 ᐋ3eh3ymJü5g5 m2WC3u $*). xuEvus5 toxaphene–u4 smaller scale than before the 70s, a few countries such as China nN/s3cè3tyMsJ5 !((&–u. and India still produce and use DDT and chlordane. Russia is

nN/sd/sA8âClx3tlQ5 kÌu9l xgd/sA8âu5ht4, still using some of her old DDT stockpiles. Some African coun- magazine

eu3Dxq5 xqJ7mExl8i4 PCBs–bo8i4 nN/sc5bymJi4 yKixA5 tries are still using old stocks of pesticides (aldrin, dieldrin and xg3bsJc§aq8NuJ6 wWê8Nbsc5bht9¬î5 ns/s5yxZ˜Zt4. endrin) received as donations or purchased during the mid-1980s mr[4f5 xqÔqi3nu4 !(&) yKixÅymJu5, xu§qg5 kN3JxaJ5 from the West, where these pesticides were already banned. MAKIVIK 48 49 cspZhx3[u4 eu3Di6 Research Observations

Major Groups of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) Category Chemicals Comments (sources, uses, properties, etc.)

Industrial chemicals polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) A group of 209 chemicals. Used in electrical components (transformers and capacitors). Additives in machine oils, ink solvents and plasticisers in paints. PCBs use was banned or severely restricted in many countries during the 1970s and 1980s.

polychlorinated naphthalenes Similar in use and properties as for PCBs. Use has greatly declined since the late (PCNs) 70s, but unlike PCBs, in most countries PCNs are not prohibited.

brominated flame retardants Bromine-containing chemicals used for preventing fabrics and equipment from e.g. polybrominated diphenyl burning. Present in a wide range of consumer products. Behave similar to PCBs ethers (PBDEs) in toxic effects and in the environment.

perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) Used as a stain repellent. Extremely persistent in the environment. It does not seem to break down under any circumstance. Little is known about its potential impacts to wildlife and humans.

Unintentional by-products dioxins (PCDDs) and furans Generated in waste incineration that lacks efficient temperature control and of industrial processes (PCDFs) flue-gas cleaning. Other sources are metallurgical industries, pulp and paper production.

hexachlorobenzene (HCB) A by-product in the production of chlorine gas and chlorinated compounds, including many pesticides. Also a by-product of metallurgical industries.

polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon A large group of chemicals that are present in unburned petroleum and are (PAHs) produced when organic matter burns. A wide range of sources including burning and coking of coal, aluminum production, automobile exhaust and forest fires.

Pesticides and herbicides DDT, toxaphene, dieldrin, endrin, DDT was banned in many countries in the 70s and 80s. Chlordane was banned in aldrin, chlordane, heptachlor, the US in 1986. World sale of aldrin and endrin were stopped between mid-80s mirex, technical HCHs mixture, and early 90s. The major producer of toxaphene in the US ceased its production lindane (gamma-HCH), tributyltin in 1997. Technical HCHs mixture was banned in most western countries in the (TBT) 70s. Old stocks of many pesticides are still in use in some third world countries. China and India are still producing DDT and chlordane. A global ban in TBT is implemented in 2003.

mfx ãîyus9l w8txus9l nNc5b§aq8Ng5 xg3ht9l Pesticide-laden soils continue releasing these chemicals into the DDT–ul chlordane–ul. Îyx3us5 xg§aq8NuJ5 wMq8i4 atmosphere. Although technical HCHs mixture was banned, lin- kbsqgi4 DDT–bo8i4. wMq5 e3ibus5 kN3Jxdtq5 dane, or gamma-HCH (a component of the technical HCH mixture) xg§aq8NuJ5 dW3DwèAt5n/gc3ui4 (aldrin, dieldrin x7ml is still widely in use in many countries for seed treatments. endrin) gi3Dyx[i3ui4 is[3b[i3ui9¬î5 !(*)–î5tlQ5 Unlike “legacy POPs”, there is little, if any emission control sxoi3Jxusk5, bm4fiz dW3DwèAt5n/i4 nN[s3c/1qg- for unintentional industrial by-products such as dioxins, furans, gcsMsJtlQ5. kNgw8Nu dW3DwèAt5n/3bø5 kw5yb§aq8Ng5 HCB and PAHs. Dioxins and furans have shown to be highly Öà5gi4 sxDt5n/3i4 xi3inË/3hQ5. bm4fx technical toxic to laboratory animals by affecting reproduction, the ner- HCHs sxDt5n/oxE/s3cèMsJZlx3tlQ5 lindane, s{?¬8î5 vous and immune systems, and promoting tumor growth. Both gamma-HCH (sxDtQ/s5hi technical HCH sxDt5n/zk5) the UNECE’s Protocol on POPs and the Stockholm Convention xg3bsmE§aq8Ng5 xuh7mE8k5 kN3JxaJ3k5 WD3g/3i4 have included dioxins, furans and HCB in their list of POPs that nl7mãAts5ht4. required control. The US and Japan are the most important sfxt©5/q5gu4 >h4fN3gè5 e7mfw5>, urJ7mE7u4 global sources. In 2000, the North American Commission for Wbc3X5 wy3li3u4 xsM5yAtbc1qg6 w˜isqg6 Environmental Cooperation found that a single source in Iowa, nN[3JxaJ5 nN1qbui4 kw5yAtQ§q5 mfiz dioxins, USA, probably accounted for between 70 and 82 percent of diox- furans, HCB x7ml PAHs. bm4fx dioxins, furans gd8N©A8Niq5 ins reaching the Canadian Arctic. rq5gmEst9lQ5 bf/symJ5 cspn3bsht4 ßmJ3i h3êic3§at9lQ5 eg3qsDtq8i4, krq5bl cEbuA9l Time trends of POPs in the Arctic xsM5èAtq8i4, vJq3ãhi ᐋ3ecèD8Ng5 WD3niq8i4. Levels of several “legacy POPs” (noticeably PCBs, DDTs,

Ì4fx bmq4 ÔC2u x©tZ5noxaymJ9l h4fN3g/ªozJk5 technical HCHs mixture and chlordane) in the air, water and magazine

eu3Dxq5 x7ml Stockholm Convention–u grÌDbsJ[î5 wMst5yymJ5 snow, and in Arctic wildlife species dropped rapidly for a few bm4fiz dioxins, furans x7ml HCB h4fN3gè5 hNsiq8k5 years immediately following the ban of these chemicals in the mr[4f5 xsMbsQxc3ymJi4. xuEvus9l ÷Xîyus9l W7mEsi3Xsht4 South. After this initial fall, the downward trend of POPs in Arctic MAKIVIK 48 49 cspZhx3[u4 eu3Di6 Research Observations

yM3Jxoµu kwtEi3Xs§4. @)))–u, Ì4fx North American Commission for Environmental Cooperation cspJ[î5 xbsy3u4 wy3l§u4 xuEÜ5 kNzi Iowa, USA–u xqic3ymQxz &)¶–u5 *@¶–k5 tr5gi4 dioxins–i4 trstJc§aQxz vNbs2 srs3bgzk5.

h4fN3gè5 xfî3iEA8Nbq5 srs3bgüogxCu4 S3giE/sJ5 xuhZM8k5 >h4fN3g/3k5 e7mf[i3k5> Gw2WNlxaxg5 mfx PCBs, DDTs, technical HCHs mixture x7ml chlordaneH xi3inü5gl, wm3üg9l xStü5gl x7ml srs3b©2 ßmJdtq8îg5 vbv9Mg7mEsymJ5 hv5gu4 xu§q©Zlxi4 x3ÇAi4 bm4fx sxDt5nè5 nN/sd/sA8ângx3mb c9lˆ5 kNzi. bm8N vbQx1zg[iso3tlQ5, srs3b©2 ßmJq5b h4fN3g/c3iq5 S4ro?9oxlxMsJA8âg5. xuhi x3ÇAi raixA5 nNdpA8âymo3tlQ5, h4fN3gè5 S3giq5 xuh7mE8îht4 ßmJi ho S3gÔq8Ng5 wr9o?9oxiq9l h4Üg7mEs5ht4. W[cD8N/q9M6 wl8Nzªozt5yZhxEx6 xfî3iE§q8i4 h4fN3gè5 S3giE§q5 srs3bgü5g5. bm4fx Wbc3iq5 grymN5yxq5g5 x5pŒq©ic3ht9l kNc3[sJ5 xf3ztA5. xfî3iE§q5 h4fN3gè5 kx2XoxiE?5bq8k5 Ömzoµ6 x5pŒq©q8Noµ3hi ßmJw5 xf3ztA5. xuh7mE8i4 W5Jtbc§6 h4fN3g/s2 x?tË/3Xizk5 x7ml ckw9lxgu4 kx2Xoxic§a7m¯b smJ3üogxCu4. bm4fx wMc3uJ5 yMs2 Wsyzb W5Jbsizi4 WD3[Q/s§k9l ßmJk5. s5©tQlA, !(&) etq8iu5 !(() whq8k5, PCBs x7ml DDTs S3giq5 N5yî5g5 vNbs2 srs3bgzi S4ro?9oxq8NMs3g5 h4Ü©Zlxu4 xy5pX9ox/t8NQ5 S3gic3iq5 mfiz technical HCH mixture, dioxins x7ml furans Öà7ml bm4fx lindane x7ml chlordane S3gy?9oxymo3tlQ5. bm4fNi5ãN6 s9li, S3giE/sJ5 PCBs, DDTs x7ml HCB–k5 h4fN3gb5¥A8Ng5 xsMiq5 srs3b©2 bEsu i3Jtq8i ieQ/s§i. bEs2 t7uxq5b m8iq8îg5 vNbs2 d5ygzi INDIAN AND NORTHERN AFFAIRS CANADA Movement of contaminants through the Arctic marine food chain. S4ro?9oxymo3g5 h4fwgu4. ryxi PCBs S3giq5 Nk3îg5 bys/3Jxu Öm5ãN9lxvñ4 S3gicMsJ5 !(() whxîo3tlQ5 Öm5ãN9lx6 !(^) whxîMs3ymJg5. animals leveled off. Decades after the ban, POPs levels in many S3giE/sJ5 mfkz chlordane, DDTs, dieldrin x7ml technical species remain high and only are decreasing very slowly. HCHs mixture S3gÔq8NuJ5 Nk3i, x7ml bm4fx endosulfan It is impossible to generalize time trends for POPs levels x7ml lindane eMlZ3îg5 S3gy?9oxMsJ7uJ5. in the Arctic. The situation is complicated and varies from one xfix¬MsJK5 xsM5yAᑏ5 kwbsQx1zoMsJ7mbi5 region to another. Time trends for POPs accumulation often dif- S4ro?9oxiEoMsJ/q8kl h4fN3gè5 S3giq5 srs3bgu fer between species. Many factors influence the fate of POPs WDA8Ngî5gi4, vbQx1zg[isZlx3ht4. gzoEo3bzi in the environment and the extent of their accumulation in ani- vtmi3Jxj5 srs3bgu nlà5goEi3j5 s5©WE @))@–u, mals. These include climatic factors and ecological niches of AMAP–f5 x/s7mEZhxMsJ5 hNu5yxt9lQ5 xq3bsdpo3ht4 the animals. For example, between the mid-1970s and the late Stockholm Convention–u grÌ3bsJ[i3i4. scMsJ7uJ5 1990s, PCBs and DDTs levels in ringed seals from the Canadian W7mEsQxq5 vJyq8Noµ3gu4 vmNh5yxicExc3î5 Arctic continued to decline slowly with no change in the levels Nlâ/3bsyxd9lQ5 xg3ic5yxClx3m¯b xsM5yAtoxaymJ5 of technical HCH mixture, dioxins and furans, whereas levels of s9lw5 g1z[QlQ5. AMAP–f5 bf8ˆax3ymo3g5 bm4fx lindane and chlordane have increased. Within the same period,

h4fN3gè5 srs3bgü5g5 ka2XoxMzQxq5 h4fN3gè9l levels of PCBs, DDTs and HCB in seabird eggs from the Canadian magazine

eu3Dxq5 xys?9oxlt4 h4ÜgusZlx6, bm4fx sxDt5nè5 High Arctic have decreased steadily. However, PCBs levels in kwv5ÖN§aifq8k5. b3Cu h4fN3goEi3j5 wvJ3ymsᑏ5 polar bears from the Hudson Bay were almost as high in the mr[4f5 vtmi3Jxc3tlQ5 µ5p @))#–u, vNbs2 ckwqyx3ioEpq5b late 1990s as they were in the late 1960s. Levels of chlordane, MAKIVIK 50 51 cspZhx3[u4 eu3Di6 Research Observations

cspn3tmEq5 bf8ˆax3iCMsJ5, xfisqg3tA5 Gs5©tQlA DDTs, dieldrin and technical HCHs mixture remain high in polar µ8Nu5 @)!)–j5H, h4fN3gè5 S3giq5 wk8îg5 srs3bgusi bear, and endosulfan and lindane in beluga was increasing. S4rosuMExq5 %¶–u5 !)¶-k5 tr9lQ5. @)#)–ao3X5, There is a long time lapse between the introduction of con- S3giE/symJ5 et3clxaZ/Exq5 iEsQ/st9lQ5. trol measures and the decrease in POPs levels in Arctic biota, despite the initial drop. At the second Symposium on Arctic kÌ5 h4fN3gè5 kw?9oxgw8Ng5 Pollution in October 2002, AMAP strongly urged an immedi- S3gy?9oxJi4 kÌi4 h4fN3g/i4, vmQ/sic1qgi4 ate complete ratification of the Stockholm Convention. It also kwbŒ3gk5 kN3JxusactŒ5 x©tZ5noxEym/q8k5 stressed the importance of continuous monitoring to evaluate grÌDtQym/q8k¬8î5, Ni/sc5bymo3g5 the effectiveness of control measures over srs3bgüQxq5. sxD5yg3bsmJ5 time. AMAP predicted that the situation wfxMJ3ixDᑏ5 x7ml perfluorooctane *)¶-vã5 csbµ5 PCBs– of POPs in the Arctic will improve and the sulfonate (PFOS) m3Dwa5ht4 whµlQ/ bo8i4 iec§5 kN[7u decline of POPs will continue albeit slow- si3Xs?5g5. bm8N PBDE Gxg3bsmE§a5hi ly, due to the high degree of persistence wfxMJ3ixDt4H cEbu4 h4fw?9oxA8Ng6 eMlZs2 m4bzi5 x7ml of these chemicals. During a Northern h3êA8N§a5hil eg3qsDtq8il, N5¥5 s3hq8i5 WymJ5. Contaminants Programme (NCP) confer- k4rnstq8il cEbzªozJi9l ryxi r9oc5yxgu4 ence in March 2003, Health Canada’s krq8i ßmJi cspn3bsymJi4. bm4fx grym/s9MEym1qg6 scientists predicted that, in the short term PFOS h3êA8NuJ5 eg3qsDtq8i4 bm4fx h4fN3gè5 (i.e., from now until 2010), POPs levels in WD3ãA8N§a5hil mi3Nu4. humans living in the Arctic would decrease sxD5ygZ3i4 wfxMJ3ixDti4 S3giq5 wk8îg5 by between five to 10 percent. By 2030, xg3bsJc7mEyMs3ymK6 doi4 x3ÇAMs3gi S3gÔlxoClx3m¯b the levels are expected to have halved. x3ÇAbµ5 yM3Jxusoµ5 nNc5bt9lQ5 ckwqyx3iq8i4 @)),))) szÌk5 sdà8imE5bo8i4. Nqx3Ngü5tyMeZ/3gi4. New POPs are on the rise c9lˆi, S3gy?9oxJi4 csp/sJcc5bo3uJ6 Increasing levels of new POPs, which xi3tEJw9l ßmJw9l ieq8îgi4. s9lu, Close to 80 percent of daily are not covered by any existing internation- S3giE/sJ5 csp/symJ5 srs3bgü5g5 PCBs intake in Nunavik al protocol or convention, have been found S4ri3nsymZlx3tlQ5 wMq8i5 h4fN3g/k5 comes from beluga skin in the Arctic. Brominated flame-retardants e7à8NbsymJk5, s5©tQlQ5 PCBs, hv5gu4 and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) are nN/sc5bo3iq9l xg3bsc5bo3iq9l and fat and ringed seal fat. the two groups that generated most con- Wâlb7mEsMeMzJ5 dø5 s{?¬8î5 do9l However, there is no clear cerns. PBDE (a widely used brominated m3Dlw5 x3ÇAw5 xiA3ymo3Xb. AMAP–f5 evidence that POPs levels in flame retardant) is neurotoxic and affects x©t/s7mEdpymJ5 bm4fx sxD5yg3ymJ5 humans are high enough to reproductive, hormonal and immune sys- wfxMJ3ixDᑏ5 wMscbsJ5nst9lQ5 compromise health. tems of laboratory animals. PFOS can hNsiq8k5 h4fN3gè5 Ì4fx Stockholm affect reproduction and promote tumor Convention xÌA5 x7ml yM3Jxusoµ5 growth. µ8Nf5 ckwoQx3gnso3iq8k5. The use of brominated flame-retardants PBDE S3giE/symJ5 eMlá5 s3hq8îht4 er3Ì¬2 has increased drastically in the last decade with an annual world yeizius/i4 m3D[9lxht4 S3gyQx3ymo3g5 Wzhw8â5 production of over 200,000 tonnes. In the South, increasing x3ÇAw5 xiA3tlQ5. S3giE/sJ5 wcl8i, Nsè5 m8iq8i, levels are detected in human and animal tissues. Although, at N5yi9l m3D[9lxymo3g5 ybà8Ni x3ÇA3i. bm4fx PFOS present, the levels detected in the Arctic are much lower than whµlQo3bsymJ5 kwv5ÖN3gmEs§aizk5 sxDt5n/ some legacy POPs, such as PCBs, their accelerated produc- k5 wMscbs5hi x?tu x7ml grym/s5yxq8iq5 tion and use will result in a significant problem in a decade or h3êgw8NExc3iq9l srs3bgu WD3[Q/sA8Ngi4. two. AMAP strongly recommended that brominated flame-retar- bm4fx PFOS xg3bsiq5 nN/sc5biq9l xqo?9oxJ5, dants should be added to the list of POPs under the Stockholm uri3nsq8NClx3tlQ5 sxD5yg3bsmJi5 wfxMJ3ixDti5. Convention and that global actions should be taken now. bm4fx PFOS csp/s6vusymo3uJ5 taq8ît9lQ5 Nkw5 PBDE levels in the blubber of beluga from southeast Baffin x7ml b3Cü5gi4 N5yî5tlQ5, N5¥l xsq8i. Island have doubled in only three years. Levels in fish, gull eggs, and ringed seals were doubled in just over four years. The con- S3giq8kl ckwqyx3itA5 h3êiq8kl h4fN3gè5 cern on PFOS stemmed from the extreme persistence of this srs3b©2 smJq8îg5 group of chemicals in the environment and the lack of informa- ßmJw5 bEsu5 iENh§5 çzi3yÙzî5g5 mfx tion regarding their potential impacts to the Arctic ecosystems.

Nkw5, Nsè9l ᐋ3lwl kx5yah§Ùlw5 S3gJ7mE8i4 The use and production of PFOS is increasing, although in a magazine

eu3Dxq5 h4fN3g/3i4. S3giE/s§oµk5 etzî5gü5g5 N5¥l eMlá9l. smaller scale than brominated flame retardants. PFOS have Wbc9lxq8iXs§5 wcl8îg5, w3cusbil. Nkw9l ᐋ3lwl recently been detected in the liver of polar bears and northern mr[4f5 h4fN3g/i4 kx5yJ7mEsA8Ng5 tr5bX5gi4 iec§ai3uA5 fur seals, and in the blood of ringed seals. MAKIVIK 50 51 cspZhx3[u4 eu3Di6 Research Observations

N5y[i3i4. Levels and health effects of POPs in Arctic wildlife: x5pQ/sq©5hi bEs2 x?tzk5, srs3b©2 kNdtzb Animals on the top of the marine food chains such as polar x?tz h4fN3g/k5 nlà9obsm1qi3XsQK6 yM3Jxoµu, bear, gulls and killer whales tend to accumulate high levels of ryxi ßmJ3ix§a7uJ5 t7ux5 ßmJw9l h3Cbsymt9lQ5 POPs. Intermediate levels tend to be found in species such as h4fN3gbc7mE5gk5. kNu x8Nsm[c§5 mfx xe=Œ5, svø5, ringed seals and beluga. Relatively low levels are found in fish g5gw5, su7àl h4fN3g/3bc§a7uJ5 S4rg7mExl8i4. and shellfish. Polar bear and killer whales receive high doses of h4fN3gè5 h3êlv5ymiq5 ßmJ3i4 x9Mbsymo3g5 xfr5©2 POPs by the biomagnification process through their staple diet vN8Nzi, Svalbard Island er3bzil, x7ml Îyx2 b3Czb of seal blubber. y5/zb nixi. Nkw9l Swº9l u3dø5 ci7mŒ4ftq8i4 Unlike the marine environment, the Arctic terrestrial xsM5yAtq5 urosuymoExq5 csp/sy- environment is among the least POPs-con- mo3g5 bZ w7mb3insMeixo3mb. Ns/i4 taminated ecosystems in the world, except h3êAtsymo3gi4 s9los3ymiqA5, kN[7u keoEº5 for predatory birds and animals impacted by eg3qsD8NstqA9l ci7mᕇ4ftqA9l ckwqyx3ioEpq9l local hot spots of contamination. Terrestrial csp/symo3g5, r=Zᕖ9l m8iq5b yM2Wxq5 vtmpxWq5, kN[7u herbivores such as ptarmigan, hare, caribou ñ9osuym§ao3tlQ5 h3Cbsym7uht9l kNooµ5 wlyoEi3u4 and muskox contain extremely low levels of eg3qsD8Nstq5. bZbZsJ6 tr5hA, vt5btq5 x7ml POPs. bm4fx WsqgtA5 h3êic9MEMs3ym1qg6 The adverse effects of POPs on wildlife vNbs2 srs3bgzb ßmJq8i4. ryxi AMAP–f5 cspmdpJ5 have been recorded in eastern Greenland, h4fN3gè5 wMq5 Nk3î§5, bEs9l wkw5 x3Nq8i4 the Svalbard Island, and near the Russian t7uxdtq8i eMlZ3il xqo?9oxJ5, xµm5tyq8Nd/s5ht4, north coast. Reduced immune system func- wMztA9l çqstc5bo3htx9˜5 bm5hjz W?9odbsA8Ng5 tions, which lead to increased rates of grym/so3g5 S3giq8k5 h3êA8Ngi4 xuhw5 sk3ins7mb infection, were found in polar bears and ßmJi4 cspn3bsymJi4 cEbztA5, northern fur seals. Effects on nesting behav- eg3qsDtq5tA9l, k4rnsttA9l ckwqyx3izA5 ior, reproduction, and immune system have ci7mᕇ4ftqtA9l. WD3XoxÔ2 WxCs2 been found in glaucous gulls, while egg- gê8Ngu4 ckwozst§a7m¯b x5bND8Nstq8i5. shell-thinning and reproductive effects were h4fN3gè5 S3giq9l x7ml ßmJw5 observed in peregrine falcons. So far, such bf8ˆbsymJ5 WD3XoxAtq5b whw9o- The Nunavik Nutrition and manifestation of adverse effects is very ziE§qtA5. c7uiÖ5 cspn3b- Health Committee (NNHC), rare in the wildlife of the Canadian Arctic. symJ5 Nlâ3yymJ5 h4fN3gè5 the Nunavik Regional Board However, POP levels in some polar bears, Wg5ym[cgw8NExc3tlQ5 Nkw5 seabirds and beluga are approaching and, in eg3qsDtq8i4. bys/3Jx2 yeiQxzi, of Health and Social Services some cases, exceeding thresholds known to x3Nq5 Nkw5 gdpc5bym5ht4 eg3zui4 (NRBHSS) as well as AMAP cause subtle neurobehavioral, reproductive, PCBs–bc3iq5 S3gi3nsymJ5 bm4fN1z5 advise that Inuit women hormonal and immunological effects on lab- eg3zc3uJ3i5 gdpym1qgi4 eg3zui4. should continue breast- oratory animals. xaᑏ5 ᐋ8ixoᕇ4fti4 kw5yb3iE§q5b feeding, since its numerous No direct relationship has been S3giq5 S4ri3nsMsJ5 xati Nk3i established between POPs levels and PCBs–bc3insJi5. benefits outweigh any developmental abnormalities observed in W/ExgÔAtc§aK6 h4fN3gè5 possible health risk to the wildlife. Some recent studies had pointed h3êA8Nstq8i4 hN9MEs7m¯b bm4fx developing infant. to a possible link between POPs exposure sxDt5nè5 sxDtQ/st9lQ5 Ni/sq8Noµ- and reproductive effects in polar bears. In §a7mb x7ml xgi5 cspn3bsicoCu4 southwest Hudson Bay, female polar bears x5pŒq©A8Nht4 h4fND8Nstq5 x7ml xsMctŒ8ic§a5ht4 that had lost their cubs had higher PCBs than those whose cubs h4fN3insiz¬8î5 h4fN1qi3nsiz¬8î5 bf5nsixo3m5 survived. Levels of the male hormone testosterone were lower in bm4fN1z5 cspn3bsJi5. s5©tQlA, @)(–i4 PCBs–i4 male polar bears with high loads of PCBs. x5pŒqgicD8Ng5 wMq9l h4fN3insA8N§a5ht4 xyq8i5. One difficulty of pinpointing the effects of POPs is that these m3Dwi4 PCBs–i4 sxD5yg3bsmJcogx3m5 x5pŒqgi5 chemicals are always found as a mixture and each component WymJi5 x5pŒqg7mE8i4 wlobcgw8NExø5 x5pŒqgi9l may differ in toxicity and interact with one another to enhance h3êic3lt4 ßmJ3i4. or suppress the toxicity of individual components. For example, W/ExgJ7mEsQK5 Ns5ygChxExu4 h3CbsmJi4 S3gÔ1qgi4 there are 209 PCB compounds and some are more toxic than oth- h4fN3g/k5 x5gbsm9ME5gc3tlA. h3êymiq5 wp3ym?5g5 ers. Two batches of technical grade PCBs mixtures from different

ᐋ8ixoE4ftzA5 ci7mᕇ4ftztA9¬î5 h4fwME8ixl7u4 sources may have very different composition and have different magazine

eu3Dxq5 Öà5ty1q©5ht4. bm4fx wp3ym5ht4 sxDtŒ§aZu4 ßmJi4 extents of impact to wildlife. h3êgw8NExc3m¯b cspm5nstQZhQx6 W/Exgi3nsuJ5. It is also difficult to assess resulted effects from chronic mr[4f5 ÖàZlx3tlA Ì4fx AMAP–f5 vmNh5bsyxdpymJ5 exposure to low levels of contaminants. Effects are often sub- MAKIVIK 52 53 cspZhx3[u4 eu3Di6 Research Observations

bm4fx wp3ym5ht4 h3êiE§q8i4 n1œoEgw8NExc3mb ßmJi4 x7ml xyq8k5 sdà5nN3gk5 W/sgw8N- Exc3inso3lt4. bm8N v2WxN3gü5t- ygw8NExo4 ßmJw5 ᐋ8NsmA8Niq8il eg3qsD8Niq8il h3êgw8NExc3ht9l sk3iq8i4.

h4fN3gè5 x7ml xi3tEJ5 ckwqyx3iq8k5 srs3bgu sk3iã5 xi3tEJ5 x5gwymiq5 h4fN3g/k5 srs3b©2 wkdtq8k5 x3dtc§5 iei4. kNo8i h4fN3g/k5 x5gbsmE5gü5g5 ieclxax§a5ht4 bEs2 ßmJdtq8i4 Gs5©tQlA xfr5©2 y5/zius5 x7ml Îyx2 b3Czb y5/zius5H, h4fN3g/3bo8i4 iec§5 çqst5htx9˜5 ckwqyx3ij5 grjxA- toxaymJ5 S3giq8i5. S3gi3ns§aiq5 PCBs–bø5 er3Ìl7us5 wkq5 xyq8i5 wkdbs7uJ3i5 vNbu tle at hormonal or immune system levels and do not manifest as ÖàANsK6 bEs2 smJq8i4 iec3ins§ai3uªJ5nsJ6. intoxication. Extrapolation of these subtle effects to predicting *)¶-vã5 csbµ5 PCBs–bo8i4 iec§5 kN[7u eM- the potential impact on a species at the population level is even lZs2 m4bzi5 x7ml N5¥5 s3hq8i5 WymJ5. ryxi more difficult. Nonetheless, AMAP has recommended close mon- r9oc5yxgu4 grym/s9ME5ym1qg6 bm4fx h4fN3gè5 itoring of subtle effects since they may weaken the animals and S3giq5 wk8îg5 S3gÔlxoClx3m¯b ckwqyx3iq8i4 render them more vulnerable to other stresses. This may in turn Nqx3Ngü5tyMeZ/3gi4. gê8Ngu4 h4fN3g/k5 W/slx3y- threaten survival and reproductive success and eventually may miêJi4 gn3tyAbsJcMs3ym1qg6 srs3bgu. have an effect at the population level. wk7mEso3g5 wkw5 ckwqyx3iq5b x5bN3güA8Niq5 Wg5ymtbsq7mb h4fN3g/k5, wMztA5 wp3ymJ7mE8i4 POPs and human health in the Arctic cEbzA5 x7ml ci7mᕇ4ftqA5 h3CbsJc3ymgw8NExo4 Most human exposure to contaminants by people in the WxC3i4 gn3tyAtsJc3ymo3g6. c7uf5 cspn3bsJ[i3i4 Arctic is through food. In communities located in highly contami- bf5nst5yJc3ymJ6 sk3gmᕇ5 wkw5 x3Nq5 kN5yxus9l nated regions that rely heavily on marine mammals for food (such kNÓ7usl çqstymoExq5 vNbs2 ckwqyx3ioEp7mEq5b as the east coast of Greenland and the Russian north coast), whµl8Ngk5 S3gioxEym/q8i4, S3gic3ty7mb dietary intake of POPs often exceeds established safety guide- % wMQ/sZ/3tlQ5 !,))),))),))) Wox8 wlxi lines. Higher PCBs levels among Inuit living on Baffin Island than PCBs–k5 N5po3ht4 xsq8i4, S3gJ7mEsMsJqmbs8î5 among other Inuit groups in Canada is probably due to the high iecdpA8âMsJ1qg5 Gs5©tQlA !))–i4 wMQ/sZ/3gi4 proportion of marine mammals in their diet. Wox8k5H. Close to 80 percent of daily PCBs intake in Nunavik comes xfr5gu, !@¶-q5 N5pJ5 x3â5 x7ml et3cq5b from beluga skin and fat and ringed seal fat. However, there is szÌk3g5 x3â5 N5p1qg5 çqstymicMsJ5 S3giE/sJu4 no clear evidence that POPs levels in humans are high enough !))–i4 wMQ/sZ/3gi4 Wox8k5. kbC5ã5 x5gbsZ/3iq5 to compromise health. No manifestation of intoxication directly x7ml h4fN3g/i4 É5gwc5biq5 xˆNsJ5 eg3zui4 attributed to contaminants has ever been reported in the Arctic. xµm5tyi3uA5 whµlAt7mEsJ5. kN[7u, fÑ4 ᐋ8ixioEpq5b Although no risks to adult Inuit health have been linked to wk8i4 ckwqyx3iq8k5 cspnstQym/q5 !(**–u5 POPs, some evidence of very subtle neurobehavioral and possi- bf5nst5yymJ5 bm4fx PCBs–bø5 S3giq5 wkw5 x3Nq5b ble immune effects on children has been reported. A recent study w7jq8îg5 bys/3Jx2 kNoq8i S3gi3nsQxq5 bm4fN1z5 showed that a significant number of Inuit women from Northwest kNc3çymJ1qgi4 c9lˆ5 x3Nq8i5 fÑ4 yeiziusi4. Territories and Nunavut exceed Health Canada’s level of concern, §3l Wzhwoz2Xb xbsy9lxq5 x3â5 eg3qD8N§5 xsq5 which is set at five parts per billion (ppb) for PCBs in maternal PCBs–bc3iq5 S3gi3nsc5bMsJ5 S3gioxE/symJ3k5 blood, although none exceed the level that actions in the form of cspAtsA8Ngu4 wp3ymJ5 h3êA8Niq8i4 cEb4f5 dietary restriction are needed (i.e. more than 100 ppb). WD3Xoxi3u4. In eastern Greenland, 12 percent of pregnant women and

c7uf5 cspn3isymJ5 bf5nst5yymJ5 bm4fx wl8Noµt4 more than half of non-pregnant women exceeded the 100 ppb magazine

eu3Dxq5 Wxê4 cEb4f5 ckwqyx3iq5b h3Cbsmiq5 Wg5ymicExq5 level. Prenatal exposure and passing of POPs from the mother to kbC5nsq8Nht4 x5gbsc5bymQxq5, bm8N cspmAtso3hil the child via breast-feeding are of utmost concern. In Nunavik, a mr[4f5 bm4fx kbC5ã5 x5bE/c9lxi3Xs§aQxq5 h4fN3g/i4. Santé Quebec Inuit Health Survey in 1988 shows that PCB lev- MAKIVIK 52 53 cspZhx3[u4 eu3Di6 Research Observations

cspm/sAtc1qg6 Wg5ymJc3m¯5 h3CbsJc§a7m¯5 els in breast milk of Inuit women from the Hudson Bay coast xµm5tyi4f5. xµm5tyi6 Wsi3Ùi4 k4rnstc5yxi3Xs§5 were higher than those of non-Aboriginal women from southern WxC3j5. xµmztA5 WxCs2 ci7mE4ftzi4 xqot5yQxDts§6 Quebec. One-third of women of child-bearing age had blood PCBs ci9otE5hil xˆNs9l WxCs9l cobᕇ8iq8i4. kN[7u levels above the threshold limit for detection of subtle effects on keoEº5 ckwqyx3ioEpq9l vtmpxWq5, kN[7u fetal neuro-development. kNooµ5 wlyoEi3u4 vt5btq5 x7ml AMAP–f5 csp- Recent research shows that virtually all neurobehavioral mdpJ5 wkw5 x3Nq8i4 xµm5tyq8Nd/s5ht4, bm5hjz effects on children have been linked to prenatal exposure, which W?9odbsA8Ng5 sk3ins7mb ckwqyx3izA5 WD3XoxÔ2 indicates that the fetus is particularly vulnerable to POPs. There WxCs2 x5bND8Nstq8i5. is no evidence linking any effect to breast-feeding. Breast-feeding cspn7mE5bsymJi4 iegw8â5 ckwo5y§aiq8k5 provides the best nutrients that an infant can get. It boosts the iE/sgxCu4 x3Nk5 WxC5no8k5 kbC5ns2 WD3XoxiE§q8k5 child’s immune system and enhances bonding between mother and kN[7u c7uf5 x9MymJ1atbsMs3g5. cspn3io[î5 child. The Nunavik Nutrition and Health Committee (NNHC), the ª[7WE !((%–u5 µ5p @))@–j5 M¿9 wo8ix[3Jxzb Nunavik Regional Board of Health and Social Services (NRBHSS) ckwqyx3ioEi3u4 cspn3tq8k5. #))–vn8i4 xˆNQ/sJi4 as well as AMAP advise that Inuit women should continue breast- kbCq8il wk5Jxusi4, S[3igusi9l ƒ4JxÇW7usi9l wMscb- feeding, since its numerous benefits outweigh any possible health sJcMsJ6 cspn3ij5. xuhZM8i4 W5Jti4 mfiz k4rnsti4 risk to the developing infant. Gs3hxDyq5H iegw8Nî5g5, wªyEc5b§q9l A comprehensive study of the influence N5pht4 x7ml h4fN3g/i4 r9oyix3bsJcMsJ6. of country food consumption by pregnant Ì4fx kN[s2 ckwqyx3ioEpq5b vt- women on infant development in Nunavik has mpxWq5 wkoµi4 ckwqyx3ioEi3j5 just been published. The research was con- gn3tyc5bymo3g5 si4vsyc3ht4 â9ot3ymJi4 ducted between November 1995 and March cspn3bsymJi4 x©t/sQxc3gE/so3gi9l, 2002 by the Public Health Research Unit of gryix3bsA8Ngi4 WJ5ns÷3gEJk5. Laval University. Close to 300 mothers and s3hxDyq5 csp/sMsJ5 W?9od- their newborns from Inukjuak, Puvirnituq and bs5yxD8NExq5 WxCs2 WD3XoxAtQA8Nbq8k5. Kuujjuaraapik participated in the study. A num- wMqtA5 Wsqgu4 h3êiEA8Nbq5 ber of factors such as nutrients (fatty acids) in wªo3hi sdà8izi4, WsCs9l bf8ˆi4f5 country foods, life habits during pregnancy and xsMpA8Nstq8il, x7ml N5pxc3is2 contaminants were investigated. The NNHC xfî3iEc5bbq5 wozic3ht4 PCBs has issued public health messages containing S3giq8k5 ñMsymc5bMs3g5 bm4fkz a detailed summary of the study’s findings and s3hxDys2 Wbc3izk5. cEb4f5 recommendations, which you may consult that W3c/5yxD8âymo3gi4 whm5yxcè3îi9¬î5 for details.

csp/sJcMsJ1qg6 cspn3gk5. N5pJ5 SAMMY KUDLUK Fatty acids were found to be beneficial hÍDy/3îq9l wuxlc5biql csp/sMsJ5 for many aspects of infant development. Some x5bN3in7mEsQxq5 kbC5ns2 WD3Xoxi4f5 whm4fl negative effects on birth weight, visual memory of the child, and W?9oxizk5 bm4fN1z5 h4fN3g/3i5. Ì4fx kN[7u duration of pregnancy associated with PCBs levels were large- ckwqyx3ioEº5 vtmpxWQ5 x©t/sdpymJ5 bm4fx ly counteracted by the presence of fatty acids. No evidence x3â5 WxC5nÌD8Ng5 iec3Xg5nsQxq5 x5pŒqgi4 of mental retardation or neurological defects was found in the k4rnst5nc5yxgi4 iei4, Wlx3gu4 s3hxDy3bo8i4 study. Smoking and alcohol consumption by mothers were found h4fN3g/c9lx§aqgi9l mfiz wcl2Wi4 N5y[is9l to be far more threatening to the growth and mental develop- s3hq8i4. xyq5 k4rnstc5yx§a7uJ5 iegw8â5 h4fN3g/q5 ment of the infant than contaminants. The NNHC recommended S4rg7mEs§a7uJ5 mfx g5gw5, xe=Œ5, ñà5, v[yø5 x7ml that women of childbearing age should eat a variety of nutritious ᐋâ5 ieQ/sq8Noµ3gns7uJ5. foods, in particular foods rich in fatty acids and relatively low in ra9oÙu mr{[s2 eu3Dxq8i x9MbsmMsJ3i4, sçAtc- contaminants such as Arctic charr and ringed seal blubber. Other MsJKz grÌEA8Ng5 whmQ/sAtq8i4 ieQ/sA8Ngk5 highly nutritious country foods that are extremely low in POPs x©tZ5nos3bsJco3X5 ckwoAbsJco3Xl iegw8Nu4 such as caribou, ptarmigan, salmon, whitefish and brook trout iec3ij5. sçAtclxaxMsJZlx3hz wmDÔ2 rrx5n/s2 should also be consumed frequently. h4fN3©izi4, Öm5ãN6 hoi3nsZhxDts5yxD8NuJ6 bm8N In an article published in the last issue of Makivik Magazine, h4fN3g/oEi6; Öà7m5 bm5hjz wozJi4 b=Zi sç/ I discussed the decision-making considerations regarding dietary sJcEx9MMzqg6. ˆ7mˆ5yxgw8NMzK6 sc3lA bm4fx recommendations and advice on country food consumption. k4rnstzªozJ5 wl3Dy3Ëoziq9l mrbZhx3iËoziq9l Although that discussion was centered upon mercury as a con-

whmQ/siq5 x5pQ/sicExc3mb vmQ/sJcygx3X5 iegw8Ni4 taminant, the same argument was equally applicable to the POPs magazine

eu3Dxq5 iec3is2 W?9odbsiq8il x5bNo3iq8kl. situation; hence, the subject will not be reiterated here. Suffice kN[7u ckwqyx3ioEº5 vtmpxWq9l x7ml to say that nutritional, cultural, and economic considerations mr[4f5 kN[7u wlyoEi3u4 vtmº5 ckwqyx3ioEi3j5 must enter into the equation when gauging the benefits and risks MAKIVIK 54 55 cspZhx3[u4 eu3Di6 Research Observations

WNhx3[z5 ᐋ3ehwymQxc§5 kNo8il kNooµtA9l of country food consumption. x5bN3gü5ty5ÖoAtk5 x©tZ5nos3iu4 h4fN3gk5 x5gbsc5bi3j5. The NNHC and the Public Health Department of NRBHSS Ì8N ckwqyx3ioE[s2 WNhx3[z5 Ì8Ngxa5hi are responsible for formulating local and regional risk reduction WJ8Nyt5yA8N[o4 kN[7u wkoµ5 ckwqyx3ioEstq8k5 strategies regarding contaminant exposure. This Public Health ckwoA8N[c3ggxa5hi wkoµi4 x7ml w7uÅozic3gi4 Department is the sole authority in Nunavik that issues public mfiz x3Ni4 N5pJi4. whmc3Sz, health advice for the general population and grymst5ncoClx3tlA xyq8i5 WymJi5 kN[s2 cspZhx3[zb for specific groups like pregnant women. s5©tQlQ5 gnC5nix3ti5, kN[7us5 x9M[z I suggest that, despite information avail- ckwqyxioE[s2 WNhx3[zi4 able from other sources such as the media, gryix3[c3gnsK5 ckwqyx3iq5 cspn3[MExl8i4 Nunavimmiut should only refer to the Public ˆ7mˆ5yxq8NClx3m¯b iegw8Nu4 Ns5ygwAtsA8Ngi4 Health Department of the NRBHSS for iecc5bisJ5 h4fN3gn/3i4 advice regarding the safety issue of coun- Wbc1qvlx3ht4, try foods. kN[s2 cspZhx3[zb x9M[zb wMscbs9MEc5bymo3gA5 xg3bsiz5 h4fN3g/oEi6 Nunavik Research Centre’s role in POPs cspn3bsic3tlA ybmsMs3gi4 x3ÇAi4 research kN[s2 cspZhx3[zb x9M[z grjx5typs5hb Although the Nunavik Research Centre cspn3[MExl8i4 Ns5ygwAtsA8Ngi4 cspnC5ã5 kxbsic3tlQ5 (NRC) does not have the lab facilities to mea- h4fN3g/3i4 Wbc1qvlx3hi, wMscb- kN[7u cspnC5ni9l sure POPs, we have been actively involved s9MEc5bymo3g6 ybmsMs3gi4 x3ÇAi4 gÔtcc5bht4 for the last four years by coordinating sample grjx5typs5hi cspnC5ã5 kxbsic3tlQ5 collection in Nunavik and supplying samples kN[7u cspnC5ni9l gÔtcc5bhi cspnctQ§K8k5 vNbs2 to our research collaborator in Environment cspnctQ§uk5 vNbs2 x?toEpq8i4 x?toEpq8i4 Canada for POPs analysis. h4fN3g/3i4 eu3Dpsc5bht4. h4fN3gn/3i4 With the help of hunters and local wvJ3tlQ5 mò5ᑏ5 kNø9l mò5tq5b eu3Dpsc5bht4. HFTAs, wildlife samples from different parts tudtq5, ßmJ[i3i4 cspnC5ni4 of Nunavik were collected and sent to our x5pŒqgi4 kN[7u5 WymJi4 kxbsJcMsJ6 Although the Nunavik Research Centre in Kuujjuaq for process- trtbsc5bht9l cspZhx3[b x9M[zk5 Research Centre (NRC) does ing. Heavy metals were measured using ƒ4Jxu Nlâ/3bsc5bt9lQ5. sdà5g/3i4 our in-house atomic absorption spectrom- rrx5n/3i4 Ns5yg3bsJcD8NMsJ6 not have the lab facilities eter (AAS). Portions of each sample were xg3bsJc3hi x9M[5ti wfmst7mE7j5 to measure POPs, we have sent to an Environment Canada lab for POPs cspnDtz8i4. xgi5 cspnC5noµ5 been actively involved determination. In a project funded by the wMq5 xs9Mtbsc5bMsJ7uJ5 vNbs2 for the last four years Northern Contaminants Programme (NCP) x?toEp7mEq5b cspn3[mEzk5 by coordinating sample of the Department of Indian and Northern h4fN3g/i4 Nlâ3yZhx3ixt9lQ5. WNh- Affairs Canada, over 200 ringed seals and x3bsJc3tlA ®Ns/c3tbs5hi v?mgc4f5 collection in Nunavik and Arctic charr samples were collected in wkoEp7mEq5b b3Cu h4fN3goEi3j5 supplying samples to our Nunavik for POPs and heavy metal analy- wvJ3ymstoxEym/q8k5, @)) szÌi5gi4 research collaborator in sis over a period of three years. Data from N5y[i3il wcl2W[i3il cspnC5ni4 Environment Canada for the study were used to assess the potential kxbsJcMsJ6 kN[7u h4fN3g/c3m¯b POPs analysis. impact of POPs in wildlife and used by health rrx5n/3bc3m¯bl eu3D/six3tlQ5 x3ÇAi authorities such as the NRBHSS in formu- Wzhi. cspn3bsMsJ3u5 grymst5ã5 lating health xg3bsMsJ5 Ns5ygwAts5ht4 h4fN3gè5 h3êgw8NExc3iq8i4 advisory regarding country foods ßµJi4 xg3bsu5ht9l ckwqyx3ioEpk5 s5©tQlA kN[7u in Nunavik. wlyoEi3u4 vtmpq5 ᐋ3ehwAtQ/s5ht4 ckwqyx3ioEi3j5 In another ongoing study, NRC ckwoQxDtc3tlQ5 iegw8â5 kN[7üg5 W5JtQ5hQ5. is collaborating with colleagues xyxi4 vJyq8Ngu4 cspn3isuJu5, kN[s2 cspZhx3[z5 from the University of Montreal’s WNhxctcc5bg6 m8gpx2 wo8ix[3Jxzi WNhxctQ§ui4 veterinary department and ßmJ[i3i4 cspn3[zi5 x7ml vNbs2 x?toEp7mEq8i4 Environment Canada to investigate r9oyix3bsJc3tlA bm4fx h4fN3gè5 S3giq5 Wg5ymic§a7m¯b if there is a link between POPs lev- kN[7u eMlá5 w3C[q8il eg3qsD8Niq8il csp/ els and abnormality observed in

symo3gk5. bm5huz cspn3i6 ®Ns/c3tbsMsJ6 v?mgc4fk5 the endocrine and reproductive magazine

eu3Dxq5 xÌA3ht4 b3Cu WD3[sA8NgoEis2 WNhx3bsizb x7ml systems of beluga in Nunavik. yM3Jxoµu ßmJoEi3j5 ®Ns/c3typk5 vNbu. c7uf5 Funding of this study was provided mr[4f5 SAMMY KUDLUK kN[s2 cspZhx3[z5 xs9Mt5yc5bMs3g5 N5y[î5 taq8i4 by the federal government under MAKIVIK 54 55 cspZhx3[u4 eu3Di6 Research Observations

cspnC5ni4 vNbs2 x?toEp7mEq8k5 the Northern Ecosystems cspnEx1zDtst9lQ5 kÌi4 h4fN3g/i4 Initiative (NEI) program and kwtc5bX9oxJi4. sdà5g/i4 rrx5n/i4 by the World Wildlife Fund cspnDt9ME7u4 xsMbsJc3ymoClx3tlA (WWF) Canada. Recently, ybmi4 x3ÇAi4 kN[s2 cspZhx3[zk5, the NRC has sent ringed ®Ns/3glx3Nq8ins7uJ6 xs9Mt5y- seal liver samples to the gw8Nc5bhi cspnC5ni4 cspn- Environment Canada lab for Dt5nc5yxi3nk5 c9lˆk5 h4fN3g/ a pilot study of the emerging 3i4 eu3D/st5yJcogxCu. µ8Nst9lA new POP–PFOS. Although a x©t/sQxc3goµ5 xgw8Nsyxqiq5 fully equipped heavy metal xg3ic5yxgu4 xsM5yyxDtsA8Nq5g5 analytical facility has been h4fN3g/3i4 eu3DA8NyxDt5nu4 kNu operating for over four years

sX5bsnstQA8Nq5gbo7u s5©tQ5hA urá5 wclw5 uyC3l. BOB GEARING in NRC, it is more cost effec- ƒ4Jx6. Raw fish and misserak. tive to send samples to a wl8ˆA5, h4fN3g/c3iEymo3bq5 well established lab in the ßmJw9l xi3tEJ9l srs3bgu vb2Xoxq8NMzZlx3ht4, South for POPs analysis. At present, logistic constraints preclude h4Ü©Zlxu4. gzoEo3bzi4 AMAP–f5 vtmic3tyi- an efficient operation of a POPs analytical facility in a remote EMs/z5 srs3bgu nlà5goEi3j5 grÌMs3uJ6 srs3bgu location such as Kuujjuaq. WsyE/so3g5 WsyosuixExq5 xfiEJu4. ryxi bf8ˆhA All in all, levels of legacy POPs in wildlife and humans inhab- xfi7mE4 xgo3tbsZhxy§aQxq5 xsM5yAt5noxamJ5 x7ml iting the Arctic will continue to decline, albeit slowly. The second h4fN3gè5 S4ro?9oxiE§q5, AMAP–f5 x/sEQx9MEymo3g5 AMAP Symposium on Arctic Pollution also concluded that the xq7mE5bst5yZhx3ht4 Stockholm Convention–u grÌ3bsJ[i3i4 situation in the Arctic would improve in the long run. However, h4fN3g/oEi3j5 Wix3icdpc5bht9l vmQ/sJc3li kÌi4 in view of the substantial time lapse between implementation Wâlbso3gi4 kÌk5 h4fN3g/3k5. wp3ymJi4 vi7mE4fttA5 of control measures and the decrease in POPs levels, AMAP cEbtA9l Wsyq8i4 h3êA8NExq5 kbC3i csp/sy- has pushed for an immediate full ratification of the Stockholm moClx3tlQ5, h4fN3g/k5 gê8Ngu4 Wg5ymJc3tlA Convention on POPs and has urged actions to be taken to x5gbsJc9ME5gu4 Ni/sJcMsJ1qvlx3tlA vNbu, kNooµ9l address the emerging problem of new POPs. Despite some subtle vNboµu9l tudtQ/sJ5 sfx kN[7u wlyoEi3u4 vt- immune and neurobehavioral effects detected in human infants, mpq5 x7ml wkw5 bWᕇ5 vNbu grÌ3ymo3g5 bm4fx no intoxication linked directly to POPs exposure was found. In iegw8Ng3ij5 W?9odtsA8Ng5 xuhZä5 ñMc3insymQxq5 Canada, regional and national organizations such as the NRBHSS x5bD§bsA8NC/3gi4 h4fN3g/k5, x7ml xµm5tyi6 in Nunavik and the Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami have concluded that vJytbsq8Ng5nsu5hi. the numerous benefits of country foods outweigh the risks due to contaminants, and breast-feeding should continue.

àf9 4Ax8 h4fN3goEi3u4 cspn3tmEsK6 kN[s2 Michael Kwan is the toxicologist at the Nunavik Research cspZhx3[zb x9M[zi ƒ4Jxu x7ml wMscbs5hi Ì4fkz Centre in Kuujjuaq and a member of the Contributing Experts cspmJ7mEQ/sJ3k5 Ì4fkz srs3bgu vmNh5tq8k5. Ì4fx Group of AMAP. The Group, made up of scientists from 11 cspmJ7mEsJ5, wk5bc3ht4 cspn3tmE8i4 !!–i5 kNo3Jxi5 countries, is responsible for providing research findings and for WymJi4, vmQ/cExc§5 Wbc3tyQxc3iu4 cspn3b[i3k5 compiling the AMAP Assessment Report. csp/sJ[i3i4 kx5yc5bExc3ht9l srs3bgus5 vmNh5tq5b Ns5ygwAtq8k5 gn3tyAt5nq8ªozJi4.

xgx3y/sd/s7uJ5 Suggested Reading àf9 4Ax8 G@))#H s9lu ckwozo3iq8k5 Kwan, M. (2003). The Present State of the Contaminant h4fNgoEi3j5 srs3bgu wMq5 !: wmDJ6 rrx5n/6 Issues in the Arctic Part I: Mercury and Human Health. Makivik x7ml xi3tEJ5 ckwqyx3iq5. mr{[s2 eu3Dxq5, Magazine, winter 2002-2003, issue 63, page 21-29. srsiÖ5 @))@–@))#, kwb6 ^#, m2WC3i @!–@(. Kwan, M. (1999). Heavy Metal Research at the Nunavik àf9 4Ax8 G!(((H sdà5gn/3i4 rrx5n/3i4 cspn3i6 Research Centre. Makivik Magazine, Fall 1999, issue 52, kN[s2 cspZhx3[zb x9M[zi. mr{[s2 eu3Dxq5, page 4-9.

srx5niÖ5 !(((, kwb6 %@, m2WC3i $–(. Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (2002). magazine

eu3Dxq5 srs3bgu vmNh8ij5 Ns5ygwi3jl wvJ3ymsᑏ5 G@))@H Arctic Pollution 2002. AMAP, Oslo. srs3bgu nlà5goEi3j5 @))@ AMAP, Oslo. mr[4f5 MAKIVIK

56 57 x9Mb[î5 Letters

tA/symJk5 ®Ns/6 W5JtQ5hA xrglx3izk5. x7ml x3Nt8i4 grytZhx§E7uhQ5 x7ml gry- wkgw8Nshb wªyK5 x5pQ/s1qm5 tZhx3hQ5 Wâlbq5 xyxA5 ᐋ3eAt5n- S˜Ex3i6 iE§a7uZ5b iegc5n/5ti4 bm8N ys3bsA8Niq8i4. x5hD3Nis2 wM9MExlz bsNî5gk5 tA/sm§a7umb Wi3lÖoi3üi3ui4 m8N xfizM4 WNhx3Xo3bC srsi tA/smJk5 wªct5tk5. wªctK5 ydu5yJ5 moZEQxo[i3ui9l gry- bb9om5 szÌkZM4 S˜Exc5bi6 tA/smJ5 bsNi x5hD3Ng4ƒi3Xs?7mb tZhx§4v bm8N ck6 grc3m¯5. wªct5tk5 tA/sym[7ügk5, N7ui6 kNuî1qj5 ieui4 iE1qj5 gnDtc3i6 Öà7m5 bm8N tA/smJi4 WNhxDmiC tos3bsNz DmiCk5 WQx1zMs3ymZm, xrgÔ5hil sçMsᑏ5 xrgÔ7mb. ®Ns/c3tbsq8Ng5nsiz w2WQc5bbC N7ui6 s?z tA/sym[7üMs3ym7uZm bm4fxa7mb ck6 wvJD8Nm¯3m s?zsMz1q4vlx3X5 wªctK5 c9lˆ- v5hôoAtQym/C. S˜Ex3bsAuN3gu4 eî8N§aKz wªctK5 W5JtQ5hQ5. î8ioµq8i tA/smJ5 wq3Cgw8Ng5nsiz cspMs3ymZm x7ml N7ui WNhx3ym/Ck5 S˜ExgxC5b Wsyc§aKA5 tA/smJk5 kwb9ME5g6. tA/smMeZlx3hz g1zh{[nu4 ei- vtc5bhQ5 xu§ˆ3tt9lQ5 x7ml8î5 x7ml xJe3gwi3u4 tAux3g5 c5bMs3ymZm. xbsysˆ3tt9lQ5 vt/sc5bDmgx3mb bfixosu/3gnsQxq5 whµl8N©7uJ5 WQx1zsu wk©c5bMs3ymZlx3hz W[c3t§E7uZ5tQ5, ck6 wªys2 x7ml s2Wi6 wMsq8Nt9lA raizA5 ®Ns/u4 ekc5boMs3ymZm ᐋ3eymZhxExc3izi4 sç[Qc5bhQ5 x7ml ryxis7m5 ᐋ3eAmi3u4 eio3tlb ºhy tusJi5. s5©tQlA mr{[f8i5 xats5hb Wd/3j5 nS7u/s1qi3nsi5ti4 ᐋ3éA8NggQxz scsyEc5b§E7u/K5. WtbsA8Ny5hzl S˜ExDt5ni4 Ö4fx tA/smJ5 sçMZhxoCu4 kw5y[soMs3ymZm É2XEAm/Ci4 kNuî5gk5 wkoEp4fk5 wªyoEp4fk5 É2XcD8Ntbs5hz bm8N S˜Ex- sc3gbcMsJ7uJ5 xbsyx5nlts8iÅ6 c5bi6 tA/smJk5 x©tc5bymo3bC b3eu sçMA8NDmÔZlx5 xro3gnosElt4 m3D[9ME5hz x3ÇAu ybm[5glxi4 sçM[7ui4 xq3bsA8NDm5ht4. ®Ns/i4 gi/sc5bymoCm bm8N NfE9ME§C. Nf3ü4, wªctK5 bsNi tA/symJ5 ÔyW rosb6 wMuk5 bfix3bsA8N§a1qmb dx3b6

understand that there are other ways Visiting Inmates to deal with problems. There are also prisoners who have been visiting Inuit prison serve time for breaching their proba- inmates for a little over five years. tions or contracts, so I try to explain to

I SAMMY KUDLUK I was not given a mandate to do this them what this means. I think the work work, but I was motivated by my own that I am doing should continue because experience of serving time. I know that the need for help is there, even if it is not when one is in prison, you look for some- I doing the work. one to make you feel accepted, even I think that Inuit who are incarcer- though you have committed a crime. nications are expensive. Our Inuit lifestyle ated in the southern prisons should also I was alone at the beginning, but I is also different in that we have our own be visited by the leaders of churches. We began looking for funding to have someone culture and food. The inmates have to face tell them that their lives can be changed with me. For example, Makivik provided these difficulties daily and I always search through Jesus. money to do this work and I was able to for ways to help them. Some inmates have also requested to bring someone with me. I am grateful for When we visit the prisons, we meet social services in the North for support to the financial support that I received for them as a group or individually, depend- make one collect call per month to com- this, as we were funded to visit four times ing upon their request. We speak to them municate with their relatives. within two years. about life issues and explain to them Our fellow Inuit who are serving time about different behaviours and about rela- Thank you,

do not have a chance to be visited by their tionships, since most of them are serving Jusipi Keleutak magazine

eu3Dxq5 families because it is very expensive. The time for abusing their wives or girlfriends. Quaqtaq inmates endure difficult times because We explain that the law is there also to mr[4f5 they are away from the region and commu- support a woman and we try to make them MAKIVIK 56 57 kN[7u W?9oxJ5 NUNAVIK notes

x?t9l b9om9l Twenty-Five wSj5 Wso/[is5hi gd5yhi Nk3u4 x3ÇAw5 xiA3g5 trÇ3g[i3u4 w9l[Z3uk5. Years Ago sç/sJcl xaxMsJK6 fÑ4u kxE–[KxE !(&*–ib3i, b3Co4 kNooµ5 ckwqyx3ioEi3j5 n its Jan.-Feb., 1978 edition, Taqralik /xgxZos3g[î5 x©t/sAmJu4 kwbs- vtmi3Jxc 3tlQ5 N9oxk5 Wg5ym- Iprinted a story about a proposal to Jc3ixt9lA kNooµ5 v?m5nzi4. [c3gnsQxu4 x8ixioEi3u4 WA5p- create a regional government. There X3NbsJcChxo3uJ6 fÑ4f5 v?mzb pk5 c9lˆî5gk5, grÌ3lt9l were plans for the Québec National sc3[mEzk5 vJytbsJc3ixt9lA Wg5ymA8â[c3lt4 m8gpxu4 fÑ4 Assembly to pass a law for the purpos- Wd/u4 W5Jtc3gi4 kNø5 uiyÙ- ytu¬8î5. xqctŒAbsMsJ6 m8gpx es of local municipalities and a regional otq8k5 x7ml kNooµi4 v?mc3t- whx3insZ/Exz iDx3bs ¯Di. government. An organigram displayed yi3j5. ᐋ3eh3bsmJu4 bf5nstbsJcMsJ6 vtmAtsMsJ7uJ6 bm4fx wkoEº5 the way the new (Kativik Regional) gov- kÌu4 Gvt[4 kNooµ5H v?mzb W?9oxym5yxiC3bst9lQ5 sz?u, ernment was to be administered. xsMbsAy5nzi4. bys/3Jxus5 wkoEpdtq5 >Wbc1q- Also of note, there was a stor y cspmZ5nsuJ6, si4ÏgcMsJ7um5 gvnst9lQ5>. about southerners who were protest - c9lˆi4 ˆ7mn1q©iC3hQ5 is?s8˜8u µ8Nsizi, Wz§J3gi4 wk8i4 ing against Newfoundland seal hunts. N5yixis§3u4. x9Mg[i6 V. C. Fryer ybmi5 kNo8i5 WymJi4 g5yxi4f5 Author V. C. Fryer appealed for anyone cspm/sAmMsJ6 rN4fgw8Ni4 w3ò- ßmJk5 Søy1atbsJcMsJ6 WNhx3[- interested to remind the government t5yQxdp5ht4 v?m4fi4 bm4fx òDø5 c3ixt9lQ5 vtfp ! x7ml @ that the harp seal was an integral wMQ/s9ME8icExq5 wkw5 wªyq8k5, kNdtq8i kNoq5b. bm4fx kÌ5 par t of the Inuit lifestyle, diet and ieq8kl mrbZhxDtq8kl. ßmJw5 Søyq5 sfxaMsJ5 , ÔyW economy. ra9ou kwbso3g[is7uJ3i5, ᐋNˆ6, Sxy mi6, ᐄgx b3exW4, In their following issue, Taqralik b3Co4f5 kw5yMsJ5 ˜nÔy wÍ2 µ4 XWv5g4, Awo x3Ng6, x7ml printed a story of survival from Lazarusi x8Ng[isymizk5 w3iuk5 Ìix9o Ù9 fr. Epoo about the time that his son, D a n i e l , s a v e d h i s l i f e b y k i l l i n g a p o l a r bear that attacked them in their igluq. One of the main topics during a xy3ei6 Québec Regional Health Conference of z?4f5 kw5yc7usoEK5 kÌu4 i5/Dts/u4 gn3ˆZox[i3ui4 the day was the affiliation of medical xc9lˆtg5 Ö/ui4 Wasted Time-u4, Ì8N ra9oE/z s e rv i c e s w i t h t h e S o u t h , a n d d e c i d i n g kwtMs3ym7u/z5b Ö/sAtc3tlA Fade Away-u4. Ì8N kÌ6 i5/Dts/6 whether or not to link with Montreal do9l m3Dli4 frbX7mE5gi4 xNs9MmE5gi9l gn3ˆZ5nbo4. Ì5hm or Québec City. It was agreed that kwbs3cusÔ2 x5pq5 is[xaA8Ng5 sfNi is[Chx3[i: M o n t re a l w a s a m o re s u i t a b l e c h o i c e . Another issue for the conference was • Qimuk Music Inc.,/ej4 gn3ˆZ5noEº5 sçMstz5 (819) 964-0566 that social services were very devel - • Nunavik Creations, Kuujjuaq kN[7u nNá5, ƒ4Jxu oped in the Ungava area, while Hudson • xyoµq8i kN[s2 is[3ix[q8i sfNi ªb8f5 x7ml fxX4f5 Bay social ser vices were “almost none”. Wasted Time Meanwhile, six Inuit from four c o m m u n i t i e s w e re s w o rn i n a s a u x i l i a - ngava has just released their new CD entitled ry game officers to work in Category AWasted Time, a follow-up of their previous release, I and II lands of their communities. Fade Away. This new CD includes 12 tracks of T h e s e n e w g a m e o f fi c e r s w e re J o s e p h hard rock and metal. Copies of the release can be Annanack, Poasie Munik, Edward purchased from the following outlets: Tukkiapik, Mark Papigatuk, Willie Angnatuk, and Paul Cookie. • Qimuk Music Inc., Phone (819) 964-0566 magazine

eu3Dxq5 • Nunavik Creations, Kuujjuaq • Northern and Co-op stores around Nunavik mr[4f5 MAKIVIK

58 59 kN[7u W?9oxJ5 NUNAVIK notes

og3ª iDx3bsQxo3eg6 Letourneau

Ñ4usa5ht4 xqi3Ùu iDxD8Ng5 kNc3g5 sz?us5 Re-elected fr4Zg3tqb iDx3bs[QZhxD8Nbzi wMst9lQ5 kN[1us5, iDxEx9MoMsEK5 r4Zg3tc5ãNMz5ht4 oters in Quebec’s geographically largest electoral riding uyx9 og3ªu4 Parti Quebecois–f8i Wix3ioEpsJu4 Vof Ungava, which includes Nunavik, re-elected Michel ÉEo !$-aMsJu. %@¶-Zä5 sz?ËozJu4 iDxD8Ng5 Letourneau of the Parti Quebecois this past April 15th. About kNogc5n/sJ5, $$¶ swAw5n/st9lQ5 x7ml $¶-q5 52 percent of the voters in the Ungava riding are Aboriginal, 44 c9lˆgw8Nsht4. percent Francophone, and four percent Anglophone. bm4fxa5nmb fÑoµu Wix3ioEº5 Liberals–f5 fÑ4 Meanwhile, in the province overall, the Liberals took 76 sc3[mEzi &^-i4 w5y?sbÌMs3g5, Parti Quebecois- seats, the Parti Quebecois took 45, and Action Democratique f5 $%-i4 Wt9lQ x7ml Action Democratique–f5 took four, to remove Bernard Landry from power and bring in ybmi4 W7ut9lQ5, Ì4fx Bernard LandryFWx3ˆ ˜8gᕇu4 Jean Charest as Quebec’s new premier. xzJ3csizi4 fÑ4 v?mz8i ᐲ3yAbsMs3g5 wo¯3tlA Jean CharestF÷8 nᕇ fÑ4 v?zk5 xzJ3csMzohi.

x3ÇAi doi kNogc5nè5 wo8ixtdtq5 WNhx3ym/co3i6 Ì4fiz wobE/si3Ìa§i4 WZhx3[- cD8N§a7uJ5 ®Ns/tA5 nS7u/sAt5nui4. Wy4f5 N9osi3ysic3ht4 kwbt- [DxE !*, @))#-aMsJu vNbs2 yMs/q5 sfx, vNboµu kNc3çymJ5 v?mzb ®Ns/oEi3j5 g3cb3[z WNhx3ymo3buk5 wobE/sAtb3tbsiq5 scsycoMsJ7uJ6 ®Ns/i4 sk3io8i4 µ5p @*-aMsJu N9ostisMsJK6 x3ÇAi NAAF !@-uox8i4 ni3ëymixo3iui4 woz- doi bm8N wobE/sAtb3tyis?5g6 ix3tlQ5 wvJ3yAt5nslt4 kNc3çymJ5 x©t/s?o3izk5, n3etbsQx1zym5hi John Kim s[Z3gq8i4 wo8ixExo7ui4 xgDm9ME5bui9l BellF÷8 r7 Wx9j5 wozix3tlA wob3yicc5bi3u4 WZhx3bco3Xb. WNhx3if5 WZhx3ym7mE5g5 WJ8Nyymo3bq8i4 bm4fx rNgw8Noµ5yx6 t4fxyA8Ng6 WJ8NyymJEo3bui4, kNogc5n/sJ5 WJ8Nstc3g5, kNc3ÏymJ9l, c9lˆzJ9l bmgj1zozJi4 gipAtc3li x9MymÔt9lQ5 hN9MExl7ul x7ml wkgw8â5 ra¿E/q5. !$)-k5 wobE/sAt- Wymifzk5 W5Jtc3iui4 x9MAtc3uli scsyc3ulil b3tbsmo3gk5 sfx wMQ/sJ5 ÷p Ítl ño Ax5l hj5 t4fxbz wobE/sAtÌ3gns7m¯5. gryQx4viDmA5y bm3u4 ƒ4Jxus4. sN bfo3u/K5 Edward LennieFw5A5 oxi, cspQx3[nsJ6 Ôt ©WFJudy Tobe s?i sçMstc3g6 wi9äAtcEx1zymJ6 srs3bgu W1axi3i4, gi/st9lA G$!^H (@^-)&&%-u s{?¬8î5 cEbs/tA5 wZ˜zk5 wobE/sAtÌui4 Ôy fhZ3jl m4X xmDxo1jl. s4fwDtly s?i wZ˜u naaf.ca.

A 10-Year ing career achievements Josie Kusugak and Makpa dreams. by Aboriginal professionals Amarualik. Anyone can nominate Achievement of First Nations, Métis and Aboriginal students also an achiever by providing Inuit ancestry. Among the look to the Awards for finan- the necessary documents he CBC gala showing of 140 achievers so far rec- cial support. On February and a compelling reason as Tthe National Aboriginal ognized are George Berthe 18th, 2003, the Minister of to why the person should Achievement Awards this and Charlie Watt, both Finance announced a $12- win. For further informa- past March 28th marked of Kuujjuaq. Here we see million endowment fund tion, contact Judy Tobe at 10 years since the Awards Edward Lennie, who estab- for the Awards to assist (416) 926-0775 or visit

began, created by John Kim lished the Northern Games, Aboriginal youth realize their website at naaf.ca. magazine

eu3Dxq5 Bell to recognize outstand- receiving his award from their educational goals and mr[4f5 MAKIVIK

58 59 kN[7u W?9oxJ5 NUNAVIK notes

x3nî5 xrn3gg5 kanê5gi4

h4fN3goso3gi4 kNu Ì4fx xgxá5 xgxZ5noxamK5 Ì[5 oxk5 bsi/David Leonard Downie-j9l txE [1/Terry Fenge- j9l, W/sA8NS9l xrc3tlQ5 R@(.(%-i4 yf5n/gw8Nu4 kw5 yM3JxusactŒ5 vtm[3Jxz5 vNbu WNhx3bst5yK6 yM2Wxc3lt4 s{?¬8î5 c9lˆ3b/u4 yM2Wxc3lt4 xrc3tlQ5 wkwbst5yi3u4 xgxZ3i4 x5yCsto8i4 x3nî5 xrn3gg5 R&%.))-i4. cspQx3[sJ8Ng5 sfx xgxZ5noEº5 McGill-Queen’s kanê5gi4 h4fN3goso3gi4 kNu: sNb3bc3i6 h4fN3g5 University Press s?i sçM[QlQ5 G*&&H *^$-*$&&. v2WxN3iq8i4 srs3bgu, Ì4fx xgxá5 kwbsicMsJ5 [DxE !(-at9lA. Ì4fx xgxá5 >wMs9lg3g5 cspm/q8i4> yM3Jxu moZosDy3i4 gryN3g5, gry8Nu5ht9l hfwèº5 Northern Lights advocacy story that led to the whµlAtQ/q8i4, xqctŒZhx3tsJ9l yM3Jxu x7ml Against POPs Stockholm convention. Unique wkw5 srs3bgus5 whµlAtc3iq8i4 kanê5©ht4 in its perspective, scope, and h4fN3©o3gi4 kNu wozt9lQ5 wkw9l kNs9l x?tzb breadth, it reveals the key ckw1qyx3gnsiq8k5. he Inuit Circumpolar links among environmental !!!-i4 kNo3JxaJi4 r4Zg3tsJ5 vtmic- TConference Canada has and health science, inter- MsJK5 à @))!-u yb4Ú7 w9lZn3Jxz8i vt1zht4 commissioned the publi- national politics, advocacy, xtosctŒ8icMsJK9l xqctŒAt9ME7u4 xgD8âME8ixiCstu4 cation of Northern Lights law, and global negotiations. wMqtA9l xg9lxD8âix3iCDtu4 gdêAti4, dW3Disti9l Against POPs: Combatting Never before have public xyq8il s3hxl/i4 xgDts?5gi4. szy5gu5 b2XsN Toxic Threats in the Arctic, health concerns articulated by eM4f5 wq3Cht4 wMq9l wµA5 wq3Cht4 bm4fx srs3b©2 which was released this past northern Indigenous peoples kNzk5 kx2Xox7mb b2XszCu9l v2WxN3gËE?2S5 February 19th. This book in Canada and throughout the wªJ5 wlyq8i4 wl3dyq8il wkgw8NsJ5 xyqbl is an “inside view” of glob- Circumpolar Arctic had such a kNc3çymJ5nè. al policy-making, reflecting direct impact on global policy- x3nî5 xrn3gg5 kanê5gi4 h4fN3goso3gi4 kNu the concerns of scientists, making. si4vsy3bc3S5 xuhwozJi4 hfwèi3tA9l, moZ5nos3if9l, international negotiators and Authors show how Wd/tÅ3iqtA9l x7ml nStymctŒ8icDbs§i4 si4vsy3i4 circumpolar Inuit and oth- research on POPs in the Arctic bm4fx Ö5huz yb4Ú7u vtmisMsJu4 vJyt5yMesbsmJ5. er Arctic Indigenous peoples from the mid-1980s influenced bsg5bc3iuA5 x5pc1qg5 x5pc3uZt4 cktQxl4 about persistent organic pol- international negotiations and xqic3iq8i4 wlw5gyxu9l si4vsyc3iuA5, Ì4fx xgxá5 lutants (POPS)-related health analyze the potential for the gryAt5nyxaJ5 ckw¬3ht4 kNu5 WJ5 ckw1qyx3gnsis9l and environmental issues. convention to be effective. hfw/3bsiq5tA5 wM5§tic3m¯b, wMs7ut9lQ5 yM3Jxus5 Representatives of 111 Contributors include elected Wix3ioEiq5, nStymctŒ8iq9l, Wd/dtq9l x7ml nations gathered in Stockholm representatives, researchers, xqctŒNhx3tsiq5. wª2 tuzb ckw1qyx3gnsizªozJi4 in May 2001 to sign a legally civil servants, Indigenous wkw5 vNbus5 xsM5èic9lxMs3ymZt4 Ì4ftAN binding convention to elimi- people who participated in the kw5yAtco3S5 whµlAtQ/ui4 bµi vNbu srs3bgoµul, nate or reduce emissions of negotiations, and scientists bm4fxl h3êicEs3S5 yM3Jxu moZ5nos3ti4. pesticides, insecticides, and who provided the compelling xgxZ5nos3g[î5 bf5nstyJ5 cspn3isc5bymJi4 other industrial combustion Arctic data that prompted the woz5ht4 kanê5§t4 h4fN3©o3gk5 kNj5 bm4fx by-products. Long-range trans- United Nations Environment cspn3bsQx1zy8imb !(*) x3ÇAq5 et3estymo3tlQ5 port by air and water carries Programme to sponsor nego- Öm1zi9l h3êic3ym5ht4 yM3Jxus5 xqctŒNhx3tq8i4 many of these pollutants to tiations. cspnMet9lQx9˜5 ckw¬3lQ5 vtmi3JxcDt[isJ5 the Circumpolar North, where This publication is edited x©tc5yxC/3m¯b. xgxZos3gk5 wMsymK5 sfx, they threaten the health and by David Leonard Downie and iDx3bsm5ht4 r4Zg3tsJ5, cspn3ᑏ5 v?msJ5 WNh5tq5, cultural survival of Inuit and Terry Fenge, and is available kNogc5nè5 wkdtq5 wMsc5bMsJ5 xqctŒZhx3ik5 other northern Indigenous in paperback for $29.95, x7ml hfwèpsJ5 Ì4fx W[symK5 xsM5/QxDt5nMEx¬Ji4 peoples. or cloth bound for $75.00.

srs3bgu cspnDbsc5bym5ht4 yM3Jxus9l vtmp3Jxq8i4 Northern Lights against Contact McGill–Queen’s magazine

eu3Dxq5 kNs2 x?tzªozJi4 xqctŒZhx3ii4 WNhxDt5ni4 POPs tells the many-faceted University Press by calling kw5yÜMeAbsmo3S5. scientific, policy, legal, and (877) 864-8477. mr[4f5 MAKIVIK

60 61 kN[7u W?9oxJ5 NUNAVIK notes LISA KOPERQUALUK

kN[7us5 wo8ixtq5 Career Fair for WNhZsA8Ngi4 Nunavik Students bfA8N[c3tbsiz5 NhxDys2 k1axi kN xtc3g6 Mount Orford–u4 weekend at Mount Orford was the stage for a career fair WNJ3bsMsJK6 b4vi kN[7us5 S3gi3nu4 wo8ixE3ymJ5 A in which post-secondary students from Nunavik learned wo5yQx5ÔutbsAtcMsJ7uJ5 tusÔi4 x7ml WNhZsA8Ngi4 about organizations and job opportunities in the region. kNu8i. sfx tusJ5 kwbt5yicctsMsJ5 kN[7u The Nunavik Regional Board of Health and Social Services, ckw1qyx3gnsioEi3j5 wkoEi3jl tusJ6, vt[4 Kativik School Board, the Federation of Coopératives du wo8ixioEi6, wMŒn6, fÑ4f5 wfmstoEp4fq5, Nouveau-Québec, Hydro-Québec, Falconbridge, the Public s/C8ixᑏ5 ¿9v Sp+, vNbu wkoµi4 WA5ppf5, vt[4 Service Commission of Canada, the Kativik Regional kNooµ5 v?mz5, wkw5 cz5bÔq5 x7ml mr{[4 Government, Air Inuit, and Makivik Corporation were w¬8Nt4 Ì4fx wMs[cMsJ5 vtmixDyc3tyi3k5 involved in the workshops. wo8ixᑏ5 won3bsicMsJ5 Ì4fx tusJ5 ckwozJi4 Students learned how these organizations are struc- wi9Mymic3m¯b ckw5gi9l WNhZ3b[sA8Nm¯b — bm4fx tured and the types of jobs they provide — which is wvJ3ymic5yxg5 grymt5yi3uA5 WNhZEAmZ/3bui4 helpful information for career planning. It was also a X3Ni3k5. Öµ5ãN3bs6 Ì4fx tusJ5 bfJ8NyicMsJQK5 chance for the organizations to see what the students hNi4 WJ5ns/3ic3m¯b wo8ixtsJ5. were interested in. mr{[f5, gnc5bstAtoEi3u4 WNh5tz5 wo8ixti4 For Makivik, Lisa Koperqualuk, the communications gryt5yicMsJ6 mr{[s2 tusÔi3uA5 ckw5©izi4. officer, introduced the Corporation to the students. Some mr{[s2 ckwozJu4 wi9Mbsmiz scctŒAbsMsJ6 of the corporate structure was discussed by explaining the gryt5yAts5ht9l x5pŒ1qgi4 WA5piE§q5 ckw5gi9l various departments and the types of jobs that exist in both WNhZ3i4 Wbc3m¯5 bà8i x9M[q8i m8gpxul Montreal and Kuujjuaq. ƒ4Jxul.

xrgQ/sqgi4 w9li4

wvJ3ymsᑏ5 ISABELLE DUBOIS Affordable Housing Program szÌk3g5 kN[7us5 nNA8Nixo3g5 kÌi4 xq3Cn3ui4 *) Ì4fNi m3Îi4 x3ÇÅMzJ3i4 wvJ3bslt4 uiyÙot4f5 ver 80 additional Nunavik residents will be able to build xrgQ/sqgi4 w9li4 wvJ3ymstq8k5, vmQ/st9lA Onew homes over the next two years with the assistance vt[4 kNooµ5 v?mzk5. ÷i ᐋbu, vt[s2 xzJçz5, of the Municipal Affordable Housing Program, managed by iEsMsJ6 Ì4fx wvJ3ymsᑏ5 >hvyosut5yixExq5 KRG. Johnny N. Adams, KRG chairman, expects that the pro- N7ui6 xq3Cu4 N7uic3iu4, x7ml, b{ÓN5ãN6 wk8i4 gram will “accelerate private home ownership and, at the w9lc3tyAts§3i4 xgw8NDwli. >Ö4fx nNAmix3g5 same time, free up social housing units.” Those who wish to w9lnu8i4 wvJ3y/sAtcD8Nix3g5 &^.%¶-i4 nN/sAtzb build a dwelling will receive a subsidy to cover 76.5 percent xrzk5, sk3iÙc3tlQ5 Nlâ3bsmŒ3gi4. Ì4fx of construction costs, up to a fixed maximum. The subsidy wvJ3ymsᑏ5 r9oc3[cExc§6 w9¬2 ckwozizi4, takes into account the composition of the house, its location, Nî8izi9l, wMc3ht9l wvJ3ymsti4 uiyÙot4f5 and also includes a subsidy for the payment of municipal tax- Ì4yèAtq8ªozJi4. Ö4fxl nN/st5yQxDmJ5 w9lu4 es. Those wishing to renovate a dwelling into new housing

kÌD3tlA W?9ocbsA8NMz7uJ5 wvJ3ymstu5. may also benefit from the program. magazine eu3Dxq5 mr[4f5 MAKIVIK

60 61 kN[7u W?9oxJ5 NUNAVIK notes

v?gmc4f5 ®Ns/ Federal Funding Available c3tyAtq5 xgw8NsJ5 to You wo8k5 Community Mobilization Program kNo8i4 xsM5èAtk5 wvJ3ymsᑏ5 (CMP)

?m4f5 w3cgwpoEp7mEq5b vNboµu Wi3lÖot5yAtq5 he Department of Justice’s National Crime Prevention vs9lu ®Ns/c3tyA8Ng5 bm5hjz kNo8i4 xsM5èAtk5 TStrategy currently offers funding under its Community wvJ3ymsᑏ5 xÌA5. Ì4fx wvJ3ymsᑏ5 wvJ3yAt5noxaymJ5 Mobilization Program (CMP). This program is designed to urJi9l xqJi9l kNo8i4 vNbü5gi4 W?9oxt5ylt4 help small and large communities across Canada develop xgo3tylt9l x©tZ5nMEsZ/3gi4 Wi3lÖomt5yi3j5 and implement grassroots strategies to prevent crime by vmQlQ5 WQxDt9ME[iq5 kNø5 S3giztA5. addressing their root causes at the local level. Examples s5©tQ/sA8Ng5 WQxDt9MEs§5 wMc3g5 WxC3u4 of root causes include poor or inadequate parenting, sub- WD3ãyxD8Nq5©i3u4, xz÷8Ngi4 xglv8iu4, xzJ5yi4 stance abuse, inappropriate peer association, poor academic WC/5gi4 wMcc5bi3u4, wo8ixyxqi3u4, WQs3noisqi3ul achievement, and lack of training or employment. WNhZc5yxq8iu8il. The CMP is not intended to Ì4fx wvJ3ymsᑏ5 WNhx3bsŒ3gi4 duplicate or replace work already vJytbsŒ3gi4 kNo8i xy5pgwZhxDtsqg5. underway in communities. Other xyxA3ht4, s4fw¯3[c3g5 x5pŒqgk5 than this, it is open to a wide variety x©t/sAmc5bix3gk5 gÇzic3gi4 W?9ox- of proposals aimed at developing t5yAmi3u4 kNo8îgi4 WNhxctŒ8iu4 community-based partnerships kNo8i Wi3lÖomt5yi3u4 vmQ/c3lt4, on local crime prevention issues, wkoµi9l cspt5yAtslt4 kNo8i to increase public awareness of Wi3lt5yÖomi3j5, x7ml kNo8k5 crime prevention at the local lev- vmQ/c3insAtsA8Nlt4 Wi3li3ul el, and to increase the capacity Wi3lbsymJi9l. s5©tQlA WNhx3bs- of communities to deal with crime Jc3ymo3g6 Ì4fx wvJ3ymsᑏ5 xÌA3gu4 and victimization. For example, r1zus5 vtmpxWq5 ®Ns/c3tbsymo3mb one project funded under CMP saw R@%,)))–i4 bm4fkz wk7mE8k5 a committee in Cape Dorset receive woãt5yAts§ao3gi4 grym/sJgc3i4 $25,000 to help elders pass on tra- WNhx3bsAygc3il bm4fkz s[Z3gk5 ditional knowledge and skills to §ayt5yQxDtQ5hA wMscbsi3ui4 wkw5 youth as a means of strengthening kNozk5. their sense of belonging to the Inuit çq3ifos3tsq5g5 wªctŒ5 vg5p- community.

ctŒq9l kNo8îg9l vg5pctŒ5g5 SAMMY KUDLUK Non-profit citizen groups and g5yC3[cD8Ng5 ®Ns/i4 Ì4fx wvJ3ymsᑏ5 community-based coalitions are xÌA5. WNhx3bsAmo3gk5 x©tAmsti4 eu3D/sJc§6 eligible to apply for funding under CMP. A call for project xbsyx3ht4 x3ÇAbµ5. gryQx9MDmJ5 Ì4fx wvJ3ymsᑏ5 proposals is usually issued at least once a year. For more u5ñªozJi4, x9MA8NSy sfkz National Crime Prevention information about this program, contact the National Crime Centre, 123 Slater Street, 8th floor, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0H8, Prevention Centre, 123 Slater Street, 8th floor, Ottawa, ON, s{?¬8î5 sçMly sKz xrc1qgj5 (877) 302-6272. K1A 0H8, or call toll-free at (877) 302-6272.

b7mymJ[î5 Corrections

srx5nib3i4 @))@–u, x5pax6 m2Wzi #*–ü5g6 x5pos3b[i6 In our fall 2002 edition, the photo on page 38 should have been magazine

eu3Dxq5 wµkx9 MsEj5. srs3ib3i4 @))@–@))#–u, bys3tŒ5 b3nnzi4 credited to Emanual Lowi. In our winter 2002-2003 edition, the date for the Wytsostt5yî5 s9lz Ôi #), @))#–aQxc3ymJ6. Tasiutigiit Logo Contest should have been June 30th, 2003. mr[4f5 MAKIVIK

62 63 kN[7u W?9oxJ5 NUNAVIK notes

Avataq Hosts Visit in Ottawa

vataq Cultural Institute Arecently organized a meeting at Inuit Tapiriit

TAQRALIK PARTRIDGE TAQRALIK Kanatami in Ottawa with Nunavik mayors and other x?b4f5 g8zh5tyK5 leaders from the region to view the S˜Ex3gi4 xgÛj5 Nunavik Inuit Art Collection ware- housed across the river in nearby Gatineau. The meeting was also to ?b6 WsygcoEº5 c7u6 ᐋ3ehwMs3S5 vtmi3u4 wkw5 encourage Nunavik leaders to take xbWᕇ5 vNbu x9M[zi xgÛu kN[7usl yKo3ᑏ5 an interest in museum programs. xyq9l yKo3tsuJ5 kN[7u5 euDEx3ght4 kN[7us5 This was the first opportunity for nNaxoiq8i4 vt3hbsmJi4 gk?3bsm5ht9l ƒ2 xrxi v5ª many of the Nunavik leaders to ccw5 cibq8i. vtmi6 Ü9lwQxDts5hil kN[7us5 see the collection. During the yKo3tq8i4 WJ5ns÷3[c3iu4 bf¿5ncstc3iu4. Övi visit, Avataq also presented a xuh5 kN[7u yKo3ᑏ5 Ö4fiz bfQsMsJ5 vt3hbsmJi4. soapstone carving to Nunavik’s bfix3ym5ht4, x?b6 giyMsJ7uJ6 nNaxZ3u4 kN[7us5 Indian and Northern Affairs Canada wkoEpgc4fi xqctŒZhx3tz8k5, gN nKxj5 xfixl4 chief negotiator, Donat Savoie for his long-standing nS7uc5bymizk5 wldyoEi3u4 kN[7u. support of cultural activities in the region. TAQRALIK PARTRIDGE TAQRALIK xys?9oxJ5 svs¥5 Fading words Ö[t i[x3ys2 x9Mbq5 By Davidee Niviaxie

5g6 b3Xb3gmEx¬§AK6 W3dMzZlx3hi he nostrils of a large bearded seal vigorously xwœ8N6 s3oQxD8NyNA t3gr5©No3hi. Tmove and then it dives right away. One does not s5JmEs2 ezQ4 bM[3bgCbs§AÓ4 x3cnstQMz5hi get a chance to aim at it, but may pant from excite- bZbá8N6 WQxD8NyNA xi3ñlr8No3hi. ment (adrenaline). ƒZ÷5 w2WQ/sQxc3iz ƒ9MEs1qg5 µ5pu One has to be very careful when traveling ÉEou9l b3éi4 m3Îi4 hZl5hi wàD§5 ᐋExq5b through a stream, especially in the month of March nixi Xtgx3mb Öm grx wàD8ixo3m5 yfz and April. They dry up at the start of the stream and cz5ña3hi yr©6 cjᑏ9¬î5 cz5ñgxDt4 one can fall through, making it sometimes impos- mJD8NqD8Nmî4. sible for a snowmobile or a sled to get out of such

x7ml b3eu m3D[ZM5hi wq3ci3g§6 ISABELLE DUBOIS a ditch. Wlx3gu srsu w2WQ/sQxo4 yMz yfmo3X5 Sometimes there are two moons within the mòQx3[ns1qg6 cspmlA hNoµ5 xsM5÷e§5 yM wm6 same month, and one has to watch those times, especially in the ßmJw5 wkw5 ᐋ8ix5 x7ml WM5bsymJ5 wq3Ci3gmE4 winter, as everything is affected including the weather, animals,

b3e6 xmlo3m5 wq3Ci3gxDy6 b3éM7mEso3m5. people, sickness and surgical scars. magazine eu3Dxq5 mr[4f5 MAKIVIK

62 63 kN[7u W?9oxJ5 NUNAVIK notes

çrDᑏ5 x8kÇq5 gi3Dᑏ5 nS7uyx7mE§a7mt4 vg5pctŒ8iu4, Wlx3gu4 iegw8Nc3tyi4f5 Ì4fx 5p WQx3cust9lA, m8gpx3us5 wkw5 b3ebµ5 wk8i4 iE7µt5yic§a7mb µvg5pctŒ8iz5 x7ml Game On–f5 kx5yht4 x9oqhzso3m5 b3es2 whxibµ5 xs9Mt5yA8NyMsJQK5 R#),)))–i4 xrcDN1axi4 Övi St. Paul’s g5yx[zi M¥8u. çrDti4 WxC3k5 kN[s2 kNooµq8k5. ÉEo bm5hms2 WNhx3bsiE§z Elizabeth Cundill WQxyt9lA, ᐋ3ehwMs3g5 whmcoMs3uJ5 R#),)))– xqJ7mExl7m5 vJyZ/3is/1qg6 i4 xrcD8N3i4 WÌEx9Mymo3uQxu4 xs9MtZ5ni4. nS7uJc5yx§aqX5 x5pŒqgi4 tusJ3i4. Nf3üQx1zSA5 Ì4fx Game On–f5 çq3ifos1qht4 wvJ3ypsi3u4 wonW v8ts9u4 x7ml Game On–fi4. vg5pctŒ8if5 tusÔAtc3g5 kx5y§a5ht4 kÌi9l x5gio8il çrDti4 Nf3üDm7uJ5 Bill Brownstien–u4 Montreal Gazette–fi5, xs9Mtc5bhQ5 wkw5 kNoq8k5 vNboµü5gk5. Terry Dimonte–u WNhxctq9l CHOM FM ˆMstzi, s5©WE @))@–u, Ì8N Elizabeth Cundill Game On–fi5 sfizl Play It Again Sports, Frasers Sports, Itech Sports WymJ6 x7ml [4g uxh sçctŒ5g[isZu4 çrDti4 Company, Bob Kelly of Hockey West Island GWNhxcbsMs3uJ6 kx5yJ5nsQxu4 kN[7usª3gn3i4. bm5hms2 whmQ/siz xyq8i4 yx3E/3[i4 wMscbsdpc5bMs3hil m8gpx2 kNziH, x7ml Hockey Company–fi4 Ggi3DtcMsJi4 ^)–i4 kÌi4 Nn3i4 bsn8tî5gi4 xro8i4H. ra9oXst9lA uri3Xsq4vlx3tlA Nf3übs7uJ6 ÷p Ítl Wb dx+m8l wkw5 cz5bÔq8ius4 x7ml Wb ᐋbul Ù2 ᑏ[+l Ó+5 wxf8ius6, wMst9lQ5 kN[s2 yKo3tq5, w2WQ/c5yxMs3mb bm4fx çrDᑏ5 trst5yxClx3m¯b çr3iu4 xoxQ/c3iXsJk5 - WxC3k5 kN[7usk5. Hockey Equipment Donations

n early March, the Association of Montreal Inuit (AMI) Iand Game On collected and transported approximately $30,000 worth of hockey equipment to children in all Nunavik communities. As of the beginning of April, organiz-

BOB MESHER ers estimated that they had an additional $30,000 worth to send. Game-On is a non-profit charity organization that col- nS7u/s5yxDNs5nstQQoMsJ6 gnsmt5yicygx3mb m8gpxu lects new and used hockey equipment for Inuit communities csb3µ5 gnC5ndtq5tA5 gnstq5tA9l. x5pŒqg5 all across Canada. W1axDti4 is[3[Zä9l, m8gpxu yx3E/3[ZMq9l, During October, 2002, Elizabeth Cundill of Game On çr3tq5bl vg5pctŒ8iZMq5 wvJExyv9MyMsJ5. and Victor Mesher of AMI discussed the idea of a hockey Ì4fx Joliette–us5 çr3[z, cspcbsMsJuZu bm5hjz equipment collection project for Nunavik. Support for the wMscbs7mEyMsJ7uJ5. idea seemed assured, as promotion for the project was dis- @)) szÌk3gi4 çrDᑏ5 eJq8i4, #))–i4 kÌi4 bursed through local Montreal newspapers and radio stations. X4ri4, ^)–i9l Nn3i4 wZ˜o8i4, yx3E/sti9l Various sporting goods stores, Montreal West Island arenas, xqoᕇi4 ckw5ggw8Ni9l, s[iD3il, xelbi9l and hockey associations quickly joined in the effort. The proj- ᐋ8ibsŒ4fti4 x5pŒqgi9l Ws4fti4 kxbsJcoMsJ6 ect also garnered attention from the Joliette hockey arena, vg5pctŒ8if5 w9lÌ6vuzi gx¿9u. which became strongly involved. çrDtZä5 xbsy3Ë/3bsymogx3mb, vg5pctŒ8is2 Well over 200 hockey sticks, 300 new hockey pucks, nS7upZMq5 wvJ3tMÏq9l Í6ÜoMsJ5, xgi5 kNø5 60 new helmets with mesh visors, skates of all sizes and Wt5yxChx3hQ5. vq3hus9l S[3igus9l !@–k5 descriptions, jerseys, pads, and other assorted equipment

tr5gi4 w5y[5ÌD8NyMsJ5 xyq9l kNø5 #–i4 was gathered at AMI’s new headquarters in Dorval. magazine

eu3Dxq5 %–k5 tr5gi4 Wtbst9lQ5. Ì4fx m3Dw5 kNø5 Once this equipment was centrally located, a group of mr[4f5 MAKIVIK

64 65 kN[7u W?9oxJ5 NUNAVIK notes BOB MESHER

AMI supporters and volunteers put together parcels, ensur- also wishes to express its gratitude to Bill Brownstien and ing that each community received a share of each item. the Montreal Gazette, Terry DiMonte and his colleagues at Kangirsuk and Puvirnituq received up to 12 parcels, while CHOM FM, Play It Again Sports, Fraser Sports, Itech Sports each other community received three to five parcels of Company, Bob Kelly of Hockey West Island (who took on equipment. The former two communities have been great the project and encouraged other arenas in and around the supporters of the AMI, especially by providing country food Montreal area), and the Hockey Company (which donated for the Association’s monthly Inuit community feasts, which the 60 new helmets valued at thousands of dollars). take place on the last Saturday of each month at St. Paul’s Last but not least, thanks are also extended to George church in Lachine. Berthe and Peter Horseman of Air Inuit and Pita Aatami and A project of this magnitude could not take place without Bob Davis of First Air, along with the Nunavik mayors, who huge support from many different organizations. Thanks are ensured that this equipment reached those who enjoy play- extended, first, to Elizabeth Cundill and Game On. The AMI ing hockey — the children of Nunavik. MARY MARY K. INUKPUK

kN[7u b4yn/oEº5 Nunavik’s Income Tax Agents

r{[f5 wk8i4 èuy Ñ x7ml fÑ4 b3Czb akivik has been providing a service to JBNQA mxqctŒAtq8k5 wMsJoµi4 WA5p[c§gcsoEK5 Mbeneficiaries to file their income tax returns ever since b4yn/oEi3u5 Öm1z5 !((#-aoMs3ym7mi5 kN[oµu bm8N 1993, which requires training income tax agents to work in x©t/s?5g6 grymt5yAtcq8N§a5ht9l xy5piso3goµi4. the Nunavik communities and keeping them updated on any s?i x5paxu b4yn/oEpdtK5 kwbJ5 WQs3n/s3cuMs3g5 new changes. Here is a photo of our income tax agents that b4fz x3ÇAj5 wozJi4 WNhx3ixt9lQ5. sz9ø5 were trained for the recent income tax season. Back row (L-R) Gnsuxi5 bo3Wxk5H à? i[x3y, ᐋbu xäf, wonW Myva Niviaxie, Adamie Alayco, Elisapi Kasudluak, Willia cn9lx6, Awox swÌl4g6, v+ᑏN xsQx6 x7ml µr Oweetaluktuk, Christina Augiak, and Maggie Koperqualuk. dW3Dxl4. yKxi3¥5 Gnsuxi5 bo3Wxk5H µr NÙ3g6, Front row (L-R) Maggie Napartuk, Lucy Q. Angutigirk, Lisa ¬y xat4Q6, øn klr, uxp NÙ3g6 x7ml uxp n. Nulukie, Mary K. Napartuk, and Mary S. Padlayat. This pho- Ù9M÷5. Ì8N x5pox[iz uxp wk2Xs2 wk5Jxus2 Ì4fx to was taken by their instructor, Mary K. Inukpuk of Inukjuak.

WQs3nt5ypQMs3bzb. Nf3üXK5 w¬8Nt4 Ì4yn/oEi3u4 Thank you to all the income tax agents for a service well magazine

eu3Dxq5 WNh5tQ?5bK5 WA5ppQ5yxX4vtQ¡ provided! mr[4f5 MAKIVIK

64 65 kN[7u W?9oxJ5 NUNAVIK notes

kN[7usi4 gnEx3[4: wMc3ht4. Ì4fx wo8ixᑏ5 x5paxi4 d9on/i9l nN1axymJi4 bfAmJ7mEsMsJ5. cspAm5ht9l xt3ub xî3lt4 bf/3gDmJk5 x9MbsAyq8i4 wk5tg5, wko3bi9l iei4 s5gC3ht4, sXZ5nyx6 vb5/gi4 gñtbs5ht4 x5pŒ1qgi9l W1axDti4 W1axDtc3ht4. S4ri3nu wo8ixᑏ5 xyq8k5 S˜Ex3bs?7uhbl N[7usi4 gnEx3[4 WsJCbsK6 wo8ixtk9l S3gi3nQx9Mu4 wo8ixtk5 kN[7usi4 cspnEx3gX5gk5 ksX5bsA8Nhi. xuhZM8k5 wo8ixtk5 fÑ4 S˜Ex3goEi3u4 wo8ixi3ui4 W/ᕇChx3iui. wMq5 ytusk5 sX5bsymo3g6. wlxªgxCu4 xr8Nusbi4 wvJc5bMsJ5 S˜Ex3gcogx3m5 x7ml S˜Ex3ht4. bfA8Ng5 x5paxi4 kNub wMzi4 bf/EsDtQA8Nbui4 kN[7usi4 gnEx3[4 cspm/sJ7mE1aX9oxm5 b=Az ci1qgus7mEx¬÷3gi4. wo5yA8N[c3g5 kNui4, wkw5 S˜Ex3Xg5 xiAt4 cspmosui3nsd/K5 kN[7usi4 wªyz8i4, x8kÇq8i4 ieq8il grytbsAtc§a7uht9l - grylt4 bfuN3©Qxzi4 kNcExzi4 xqJ7mE7u4 x5pŒ1qgi4 smJi4 kN5tî5gi4. fÑ2 b3Czi csp/s5yngw8Ngu4.. grytbs§5 fÑ7u ª[7WE @%-at9lA S˜Ex3bsMsJKA5 wo8ixtk5 wkgw8NbcExzi4 WsyctZMgw8Nui4, ryxil École Alizé -usk5 wo8ixt5ypui4 ÷8 Wx9¥u4 x5psq5yxgu4 wl3dyc3ht4 xu3çDtQA8Nbui4. SAMMY KUDLUK The Nunavik Information showed a special interest in the centre’s photographs Centre: A popular and carvings. They were also curious to know how their name was spelled in Inutittut, about tasting some tra- destination for fieldtrips ditional Inuit foods, hearing throat signing, and playing different games. he Nunavik Information Centre is becoming a popular Besides hosting visits from elementary students, we Tlocation for school fieldtrips. So far there have been a also have students from Collège Mérici who are doing few groups of students from schools in the Québec City projects on the Nunavik region for courses they must area passing through the centre. Once inside, they are complete for their DEC in tourism. Some also helped orga- greeted by murals of photographs that show a part of their nize the visits as well as helping out during the visit. own province which seems to be a world away. They learn There is a growing interest for the Nunavik about the geography of the region, about the Inuit way of Information Centre and we hope that visitors to the cen- life, their clothing and their food, and they also learn about tre will go home with new knowledge — that there is a the different animals of the region. fascinating and vast land in northern Québec waiting to On the 25th of November, in particular, we wel- be explored. They learn that in Québec there are also

comed a group of grade four children from l’École Alizé Inuit who have much in common with them, yet who also magazine

eu3Dxq5 school and their teacher, Mr. Jean Pelletier. The students have a unique culture to share. mr[4f5 MAKIVIK

s9Mht4 xq3Cui5 µ5p #!–u, wo8ixᑏ5 ÷i7mE4 eaving their home communities last March 31st, students xwo8ix[zi5 ƒ4Jxu x7ml s9lEx6 wo8ix[zi5 Lfrom Jaanimmarik School in Kuujjuaq and Ulluriaq School in vq3hxl4Jxu5 wMscbsMsJ5 yr©3gk5 Ì4fx Kangiqsualujjuaq participated in a snowmobile outing in which vtst5ht4 etêJ9lxu kNo8k5 g5g©3u. bm8N whmQ/ the two groups met about halfway between the communities sQx1zymJ6 ÷i7mEs2 wo8ix[zb xzJçEym/zk5 at a camp site called Tuttutuuq. The trip was originally for- Wb Wx85oj5, wvJ3bshi s9lEx2 xzJçzk5 ÷8 mer Jaanimmarik principal, Peter Bentley’s idea, with the help o©4j5. scMsJ7m5 ÷i7mEs2 xzJçÌ3cuz5, ᑏ{ m4mM8, of Ulluriaq principal, Jean Leduc. According to Jaanimmarik’s bm8N bs3¥v5bDtsMs3g6 yK9oÙ9lg5yxu vJytbsic- new principal, Dave McMullen, this type of exchange between MsJK6. the two schools was a first. x3dtui W/Exg5nc5bMsClx3ht4, bm8N Despite some travelling hardships along the way, the mòÜ8NisMs3g6 WsJ3u4 x©t/sicMs3S6 wl8âk5. excursion was a positive experience for everybody. Their Ì4fx xJw8NDtq5 st3[syxc5bMs3g5 vtmstA8NyZu4 efforts were rewarded with the joy of being together out on kNu, yr©3ht4 xStu xe5gu, xe=Qysc5bht9l the land, driving their snowmobiles through powdered snow, WctÌc5bht9l kNo5tA5 yM3ctui4. ptarmigan hunting, and making new friends from a neighbour- bm8N ®Ns/c3tbsMsJK6 v?mgc4f5 wkoEp7mEq8k5 ing community. §ai3u4 tAyQx3i6 wvJ3ymstztA5, bm8N kwbsym7m5 The event was funded by the federal government’s wvJ3yAt5nshi W?9oxtbsJc3tlA kNc3çymJ5 wo8ixᑏ5 Department of Indian Affairs and Northern Development W[5nEA8Nbq8i4 wo8ixioEAy3il kNc3çymJ5 (DIAND) through its Gathering Strength program, which was kNoq8i. vt[4 wo8ixioEi6 ®Ns/3Ìtbs§6 created to help develop the full potential of Aboriginal stu- R! uox8 ÌMi4 x3ÇAbµ5 Ì4fN1z5 wvJ3ymsti5, dents and education systems in Aboriginal communities. The x=Ag3bs§a5ht9l x5pŒqgk5 kN[s2 wo8ix[q5b Kativik School Board receives about $1-million each year from WNhx3bq8k5 W/sA8NExo8i4 W[5nc3tyA8Ngx3mb. the program, allocated to various Nunavik school projects xyq8i4 WNhx3bsuJ3i4 µ8Nj5 tr5hA ®Ns/c3tbs5ht4 that meet the necessary criteria. Other projects so far funded §ai3u4 tAyQx3ij5 wMc3g5 eg3zuk5 xzJçaQs3ni3u4 by Gathering Strength include parenting courses in Nunavik kN[7u x7ml bf8NC5nos3iu4 utx3J4 N2Ùl7u4 and a film on Mitiarjuk Nappaaluk, which we will be coming kwbs5nstQ˜o3gu4 yKi5ti. out in the near future. magazine ISABELLE DUBOIS eu3Dxq5 mr[4f5 MAKIVIK

66 67 kN[7u W?9oxJ5

w?4vg[î5 Ivakkak Results ckwoi[iq5

o Ax5, kv3y6. ƒ4Jxus6 µ5p @$- harlie Watt Jr. of Kuujjuaq came in first ñat9lA $)) àoi szy8io7u4 Cplace this past March 24th for the hvost5ht4 w?4vu4 ej5yht4 yK9o- approximately 400-mile Ivakkak dog team Xs5hi ñMcMsJK6, vq3hJxu5 xfo[7j5 race that started in Kangiqsujuaq ended in hvostic3ht4. sfxb4Z hvostc- Akulivik. Here is a list of participants and tsJ[î5 xtq5 ck9lxtQ9l wq3Ci4f5 their total times. Congratulations to all par- Ü?9MAy3gi[iq5. w¬8Nt4 hvostcbsJ[î5 ticipants and sponsors who made this year’s wvJ3ymp[iq9l sWQ/sic7mE2S5 b4vi Ivakkak another great success! x3ÇAu w?4vi3u4 vJyt5yyxMs3iuk5¡ GEORGE BERTHE

Rank / Nî8iq5 Participant / hvostcbsJ[î5 Community / kNoz Total Time / wq3Ciq5b Ü?9MAyq5

1st Charlie Watt Jr. / ño Ax5, kv3y6. Kuujjuaq / ƒ4Jx6 47 hrs 52 min 33 sec

2nd 47 hrs 57 min 52 sec Peter Kiatainaq / Wb rxÖ8N6 Kangiqsujuaq / vq3hJx6

3rd 48 hrs 12 min 22 sec Willie Kulula Sr. / Awo fl˜6, xzJ5y6 Quaqtaq / dx3b6

4th 51 hrs 47 min 3 sec Bobby Novalinga / ÙW k?o1z6 Puvirnituq / S[3ig6

5th 55 hrs 18 min 28 sec Tamusi Sivuaraapik / Ìjy yKxÇW4 Puvirnituq / S[3ig6

6th 57 hrs 14 min 20 sec Harry Okpik / çp s2W4 Quaqtaq / dx3b6

59 hrs 12 min 38 sec 7th Charlie Inukpuk / ño wk2X6 Inukjuak / wk5Jx6

8th George Annanack / Rina Snowball 67 hrs 20 min 51 sec Kuujjuaq / ƒ4Jx6 ÷p ᐋNˆ3l ᕇN ykÙl

9th 67 hrs 33 min 31 sec Aisara Kenuayuak / Én/ e8kxJx6 Puvirnituq / S[3ig6

10th 74 hrs 5 min 57 sec Adamie Qumak / ᐋbu dm6 Akulivik / xfo[4

11th Juani Beaulne / Jxi Í8 Puvirnituq / S[3ig6 76 hrs 5 min 36 sec

DNF Willie Cain Jr. / Awo ®8, kv3y6 Tasiujaq / bys/6 --- W/ᕇ3iq5g6

DNF Nutaraaluk Iyaituk / kbÇl4 wè5g6 Akulivik / xfo[4 --- W/ᕇ3iq5g6

DNF Adamie Inukpuk / ᐋ5bu wk2X6 Inukjuak / wk5Jx6 --- W/ᕇ3iq5g6 eu3Dxq5 mr[4f5

68 kN[7u W?9oxJ5

sN kN[7u douÅ3tf5 douÅz5 ASTAR 350D–o4, douÅ3tc3hi Wb b1vu4 S[3igox3ymMsJ6 @))#-u srs4f xStu4 N9osi3ysDtc3tlQ5. douÅu4 wrmAmJ5 S[3ig3us5 wrmtbsc5bMsJ5 kNo7ui4 cz- blt4 bfJ8Ntbs5ht4. sN nN1axymJ6 yƒ5hi Nk1axa5hi eg3zo1ax6 douÅ2 ñzî5g6 nN/sJ[i6 ᐲb SÉ w5gv9Mj5. This Nunavik Rotors ASTAR 350D helicopter, piloted by Peter Duncan, was in Puvirnituq for the 2003 Snow Festival. Helicopter rides were offered to local residents, whereby they could go up for a bird’s-eye view of their home. The ice sculpture of a mother polar bear and her cub in the foreground was carved by Peter Boy eu3Dxq5 Ittukalak. Photo by Bob Mesher. mr[4f5

68 nSᑏ5

nSᑏ4f5 xzJ3çz5 ᐋ8t jxcs+ Gnsu3yc3hi ÷Nb8 fEîu4H m8ip[c3g6 mr{[f5 vt1zpq8i4. vtmi7mEc3tlQ5 BOB MESHER sç/slxaxMs3g5 Saputiit’s Andy Moorhouse (Jonathan Grenier to his left) makes a proposal to the Makivik board of directors. iDx3icc5bMsJ5 vtmic3tlQ5, r=Zg3tsixo3tlA x7ml bys/3Jxus5 ᐋbu Ù9M÷5 x9Mbq5 S3gi3ã5 wiq8k5 r=Zg3tsix3gi4 r=Zg3tnzi4 iDx3bsJcoÖ8N˜3hi y?i4f5 sz?usi4 fÑ4 kKziusi9l vtmico3uAt4 ÉEo @))#–u. =Zi x3ÇAu, nSᑏ5 s[Z3g5 vg5pc- bys/3Jxusi9l. sWQ/sQxc3uJ6 ᐋ8t jxcs+ btŒ8iz5 kN[7u x3ÇAbµ3ystui4 uxp ñ7 ᐋNˆ6 iDx3bsMsJ6 iDx3bsQx9MMs3m5 xzJ3ç2 wizk5 vtmi7mEcMs3g5 vq3hxl4Jxu µ5p #–^, sz?usk5 r=Zg3tsixo3tlA, ºu ñMc3hi ÷Nb8 wSu4. sWQ/sic3uJ6 @))#–u. se5g6 iDx3bst9lA fÑ4 kKz8iusi4 ÷Nb8 fEî ®Ns/oEps2 wizª3g- n©5hi woMs3um5. s[Z3gw5 m3DZM8i4 topAtosMs3uJ5 kN[7u W1axt bm5hjz >w7uix3Öomi3j5 wvJ3y- Nunavik Player Qx3ij9l vtmixWs˜3gj5 @))#–@))$–u. x7ml5bs6, s[Z3gw5 s4fwy1ah5ht4 WNhZdbsÔ2 tudt5nzi4 nSt4f5 xÌî8ixgu4. Key Points of Saputiit’s AGM

xtz: ᐋ8t ᐲ3t By Adamie Padlayat wªo3[zb s9lz: xsA+t (, !(&$ his year, the Saputiit Youth Association wªo3[zb kNoz: gM5b[4 Tof Nunavik held its annual general xq3Czb kNoz: xfo[4 meeting in Kangiqsualujjuaq from March wk5yxdtq5: Xî4v yx/ oyl 3rd to 6th, 2003. W1axDt5yxdtz: Ùyr5Ù9 There were a few elections at the meeting, such as for the executive repre- ie5yxdtq5: ñ5©/3ymJ5 iexlè5 sentative for the regions of Ungava Bay, hNhxChx3iz: wo8ixt Hudson Strait, and Hudson Bay. yKi5nu gÇZq5: mrbZhx3ioEpsA8Ni3u4 W/ᕇAy3bsi6 Mary Sam Annanack was elected as x{[xlbEi3Xv: hÍDtu4 k3cChx3i6 the Ungava Bay representative, Jimmy Ohituk was elected for the Hudson Strait, v?Ei3Xq5: xzJ3csy§5 and a representative for Hudson Bay will Name: Andy Pirti be decided at the next teleconference in Date of birth: August 9th, 1974 early April 2003. Place of birth: Moose Factory Congratulations are in order for Andy Moorhouse, who was re-elected Home community: Akulivik for the position of president, having won Favourite people: Two daughters, Sarah and Lizzie over his only contender, Jonathan Epoo. Favourite sport: Basketball Congratulations are also extended to Jonathan Grenier, who won the position of Favourite food: Rib steak treasurer by acclamation. Occupation: Student The youth made a couple of man- Future goals: Get an economics degree dates for the “Suicide Prevention and magazine eu3Dxq5 Most difficult obstacle to overcome: Quitting smoking Intervention Workshop, 2003-2004”. As well, the youth are planning to open a busi- Pet peeve: Bossy people mr[4f5 ness organization under Saputiit. MAKIVIK 70 71 kN[7u W1axt fÑ4u wkw5 s[Z3gq5b Nunavik Player bs3¥v5biq8k5 ᐋbu Ù9M÷5 x9Mbq5

Ñ4u wkw5 s[Z3gq5b bs3¥v5biq8k5 fwvJ3ymsᑏ5 kwbsymo3g5 xuhk5 x3ÇA3ªozJi4 xqctŒAtsMsJk5 bm4fkz kN[7us5 wkq8k5, fÑ4

v?mzk9l xml swAwoEpk5 ISABELLE DUBOIS ƒ4Jxu, ÉEo @))@–u. Ì4fx xtz: Wb xs9Ml4 wvJ3ymsᑏ5 grjx5tbsic§aK6 vt[4 kNooµ5 v?mzb W1axioE[zb wªo3[zb s9lz: /kxE !%, !($! WNhx3[zk5. wªo3[zb kNoz: vq3hv9M4, wKp[s2 nixi Ù5y glZ6 WNh5tÌE/sMsJK6 xq3Czb kNoz: n9lw5 srx5nsMs3gu xs9˜hil ƒ4Jxj5 X3âEx3ghi bs3¥v5bi3u4 kN[7u. Ì8Nl wk5yxdtq5: x3NC ᐄ? wM8ˆCl Ìu ®8 xzJ5y6 s?zl fÑ4 ytoxMsJA4 /kxE !^–ul W1axDt5yxdtz: x9lixExu4 !&–ul, @))#–u won3tbsQx3ghk4 grytbsQx1zEx3ghkl ßuz >s[Z3g5 ie5yxdtq5: N5ys2 taz yM3Jxu4 cspQs3iq8k5> wvJ3ymstq8i4, hNhxChx3iz: mò5t, wcl8ixt nN1axt bm4fx swAwtg5 scsycD8Ng5 wkw5 s[Z3g5 S˜ExD8N[c3tbs7mb xyq8k5 yKi5nu gÇZq5: s[z3gk5 bf/st5yi6 wªZhxD8NExu4 kNu kN3Jxk5. bm5hjz won3isMs3gj5 bf5yxtbsA8NMs3gA5 hâ5 iEs8N- x{[xlbEi3Xv: wk7mE1aX9oxi6 gc3m¯b xyq8i4 kN3Jxi5, xgi5 v?Ei3Xq5: ᐋ8ix[7üQx6 x5pŒq©ic3mb xuh7mE5tA5. wvJ3yc5bMz7uJz Ù5yu4 Name: Peter Audlaluk X3No3X5 yK9oÙu4 bs3¥v5bisix3gu4 Date of birth: January 15th, 1941 sW3znsMzJu. bm8N wvJ3ymst4 swAwtg5 scsycD8NgªozJ5 srso8k5 Place of birth: Kangirsukallak, near Ivujivik !*–u5 #%–j5. wMscbsAmixD5y Home community: Salluit sçM[cD8NSy Ù5y glZ3j5 ƒ4Jxj5 Favourite people: Wife Eva and friend Tommy Cain Sr. G*!(H (^$–@(^!–j5. Favourite sport: Harpooning seals at their breathing holes Favourite food: Seal liver Quebec Inuit Occupation: Hunting, fishing, and carving Future goals: To show the youth that it is possible to Youth Exchange make a good living from the land. Program Most difficult obstacle to overcome: Ageing Pet peeve: Staying in the hospital By Adamie Padlayat

he Quebec Inuit Youth Exchange TProgram is the result of a multi- for the exchanges in Nunavik. She and ways. year agreement between Nunavik Inuit, I went to Québec City during January I will also assist Patsy as she pre- the Québec government and the French 16th and 17th, 2003 for training and for pares for the first exchange trip this Consul, reached in Kuujjuaq, in April an introduction to the “Youth Discover spring. The program is for French-speaking 2002. The Program is coordinated by the the World” programs, whereby French- participants between the ages of 18 to

Kativik Regional Government Recreation speaking Inuit youth have an opportunity 35. Should you be interested in joining, magazine

eu3Dxq5 Department. to visit other countries. This training gave please contact Patsy Tulugak in Kuujjuaq Patsy Tulugak was hired late last fall us an insight into what to expect in other at: (819) 964-2961. mr[4f5 and then moved to Kuujjuaq to prepare countries, because each differs in many MAKIVIK 70 71 ƒ4Jxus5 wo8ixᑏ5 s[Z3gq8i4 wo8ixt5yi3u4 WNh- x3gk5 wMs5yxq8N§gcso3S6 nS5py- gnc5bstctcc5bMzJ5 Alpha-u4 mic5yxq8N§gcs7uhil woãi3ËozJi4 d7jxtbsmÔ5hi gnc5bstAtoE[7u4 WZhx3gi4 x3ÇAi bà8i. Ó+ wx4fi Ç8 Ç9{FRon Ralph xbs5yf3typ9MEQ/s?5g6. Ì5hm + wx4f5, WNhctŒctc3h3t vN- bm8N ÷i7mE4 wo8ix[7j5 cspm/c3iz sfNi WNhx3gi4 Óbus5 d7jxtymJoEi3u4 WNhx3[zi4 WA8Ny/sd5hA, Ó+ wx, wkw5 cz5bÔq5 xqJx¬1qgu4 ˆMsyEi3u4 WNh- c9lˆtg5 Canadian Space Agency (CSA)–u4, x7ml mr{[f5 WNhctŒAtc3g5 x3bc3g5 yM3Jxus5 d7jxympxE5hA WNhcts7ut9lQ5 sfx xqJx¬1qgu4 ®Ns/c3tyi3u4 xg3bsix3gi4 Ws4ftk5 WA5p[z8i/Amateur Radio on the ˆMsyEi3u4 WNhx3bc3g5 yM3Jxus5 W9lfQxo8i4 WNhAt5nslt4, xyq8il International Space Station (ARISS)-f8i d7jxympxE5hA WA5p[z8i/Amateur ®Ns/3gDtsJi4 bmguz vJyt5yi3j5 x7ml yᑏ{ m4¿M8FSteve McFarlane- Radio on the International Space Station woz7uht4 Wbc3tyAtc3uht4. u4, Ö8N WA8NtbsJtÌDtQNh5bz5 (ARISS)-u WA8Nyctc3cuoMsEK5 Ì8N gnctŒ8iu4 WNhx3isJ6 xq3bsicMsJK6 wo8ix[9l sb3e/- xbs5yf3tyic3ht4 ®Ns/c3tbsJt5nq8il xyq8i vNbul xuEÜ9l kNz8îgi cgw8No3S6 W[5nc3tbs˜3iui4, W9lfQxo8il WNh5bsAt5nq8i4 wo8ix[8i h3dwbsm5yxo3g6 vœQ/- w7mç @))# srxzi bm8N wo8ixtk5 ÷i7mE4 wo8ix[7u 5nyxaQxz wo5yN3gmEsQxzl. Ì8N gnc5bstctc3i6 vJytbsic˜3g6. ƒ4Jxu xg3bs˜3gi4 g5b[Q/six3lt4 WNhx3bsJ6 W9lgxl7u4 wo5y[5nyxa7m5 rNoµ5yxf5 bmguz WNhxcbs- wi9äAt5nq8i4 x5pcMs3ym1qgu4 vNbs2 srs3bgzb s[Z3gdtq8k5 ymJoµaJ5 w¬8Nt4 ®Ns5/nDtQNQ5 wo8ixtbsi4f5 s9lE/s˜3gj5, gryix3[sli ˆMsyEi3u4 x7ml WNhx3XS5, Ì5hml X3NbsmÔ2 vJytbsiz gnc5bstctc3isli sçctQlQ5 d7jxymJtA5 WNhx3bs?5gi4, xbs5y- x5pcMs3ym1q©lil W9MEx¬lil d7jxymJü5ht4 WNhxEx3gymJ5 b2Wvi f5ãN3l WJ5ns÷3iÌ3[sJ8Nu5hi whmQ/s˜DNsK6 xuhk5 Wix3ioEi3u4 yM3Jxus5 d7jxympxE5hA WA5p[zi gnc5bstAtoEi3u4 WNhxdtsJi4. WNhx3gk5 xyoµq8kl wk8k5. Alpha–u4 Ö/sAtc3gu. Ó+ wx xfix¬o3g6 srs3bgus5

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Kuujjuaq Students In order to make this possible for the school, First Air, Air Inuit and Makivik are CANADIAN SPACE AGENCY CANADIAN SPACE to Communicate partnering to provide resources required to offset the technical support, equipment, with Alpha and other expenses associated with mak- and supports various events such as this irst Air, in partnership with the ing the event possible. throughout the year. FCanadian Space Agency (CSA) and This contact program has already Ron Ralph has been the main coordi- Amateur Radio on the International Space proven to be a very interesting and educa- nator at First Air. Through his association Station (ARISS), have been successful in tional experience for other Canadian and with ARISS and Steve McFarlane, the appli- coordinating the funding and technical American schools. This project is a quality cation for the school was approved and the resources to enable the Jaanimarik School learning opportunity for the youth of north- school is awaiting a firm contact date, prob- in Kuujjuaq to host a special educational ern Canada to find out about amateur radio ably early fall 2003. All people involved do day in which the students will establish and space programs, while developing an so on a volunteer basis, and this event will communication links with the astronauts interest in communications technology. no doubt be considered unique and high pro- on board the International Space Station First Air is a long-time advocate of edu- file in the eyes of many politicians and the Alpha. cational initiatives for northern students general public.

Two Winning Lazarusies

upaluk students Lazarusie Akpahatak A(grade five) and Lazarusie Grey (grade seven), both age 12, were among the winners of 13 different prizes for Club 2/ bf8Ns÷3tyº5, [4çm4f5 x8kÇymJ5 woãpz5, ᐄ{-ox8 Ç8© w/sy/3g6. 3’s international contest featuring toys W[is5ht4 nNQx9MZ5na3ymJ[i3i4. BOB MESHER Their teacher, Eve-Lyne Rondeau BOB MESHER The theatrical group, Vichama Collectif, made from recycled materials this past (wearing glasses). December. The two boys from Taqsakallak wearing costumes of recycled materials. School each won $150 and an opportunity to visit the Montreal Biodome, where their from other regions of Quebec, as well as Through their artwork, the young peo- crafted wood and fur miniature dogteams from far away countries such as Brazil, ple all over the world cheered up humanist were displayed along with hand-made toys Burkina Faso, Mali, Salvador, Paraguay, values they wish adults to adopt. A main Nepal, Peru, Togo, Syria, and theme talked about by dignitaries at the Senegal. awards presentation was that we all need The children were enter- to take care of our planet and that such tained by Dama, a “recuperating caring can start by children participating musician” from Rwanda, who in such activities. told the audience that it is This celebration of youth taking action important to take care of the for environmental protection and interna- things that we have and to use tional solidarity is planned to take place available materials to make again next winter. Congratulations to these gifts. The theatrical group two Lazarusies, as well as to their teacher, Vichama Collectif also wore Eve-Lyne Rondeau! costumes from recycled mate- Sponsorship and travel support for the

rials of all sorts to illustrate two Aupaluk boys to attend the event came magazine

eu3Dxq5 ñMo[î4 xW3§/3bsÔ4. ˜nÔy x3Ùcb4 nsuxî5g6 BOB MESHER that such things can be used from Air Inuit, First Air, the Kativik School ˜nÔy fº bo3Wxî5tlA. to have fun, while sharing your Board, the Taqsakallak School in Aupaluk, The two winners being interviewed. Lazarusie Akpahatak mr[4f5 (left) and Lazarusie Grey (right). happiness with others. the Aupaluk CNV, and Club 2/3. MAKIVIK 72 73 wZsy6 Recipe

Char with Maple Mustard Sauce contributed by Michael Kwan serves two

2 pieces of char fillet, about 1 inch thick 3 tablespoons vegetable oil 5 tablespoons water 3 tablespoons Dijon mustard 3 tablespoons maple syrup 2 teaspoons whole (white) mustard seeds 1 cup finely chopped scallion greens salt and pepper

1. Pat fillets dry in paper towel and season with salt and pepper. 2. Heat oil in a skillet over moderately high heat. Sauté fillets about 4 to 6 minutes, turn once. MICHAEL KWAN 3. Transfer fillets to a platter and cover to keep warm. 4. Remove the skillet from heat and cool for a minute. Then wcl2W4 sxDt5n/c3hi add the remaining ingredients to the remaining juice and àf9 4Ax8 gi3Dyxq5 oil. m3Îk5 iE/sA8Ngk5 5. Whisk together and sauté at moderate heat for 3 to 4 minutes. 6. Pour the sauce over fillets and serve with pasta, rice or @–i4 wcl2W[i3i4 !>–u4 w5Jic3tlQ4 roasted potatoes. # s3[s÷lw5 s3hxDt4 % s3[s÷lw5 wm6 Nutritional benefits of char # s3[s÷lw5 Dijon mustard • High in protein, B vitamins and poly-unsaturated fatty acids. # s3[s÷lw5 maple syrup All are excellent for maintaining good health. Especially @ s3[s÷Dw5 whole (white) mustard seeds recommended for pregnant women and mothers of breast- ! cÔ5b6 Nvt3ymJ5 scallion greens feeding infants. bEs6 ßN3Ng3l • Extremely low in environmental contaminants.

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wcl2W k4rnst5yxaizk5 « s3hc5yxg6, k4rnstc5yxhil s3hxDtc5yxhil. wl8Nt4 WsJ7mEsJ5 ckwqyxDtsq8NoµDtsA8Nht4. Wlx3gu4

eu3Dxq5 W/s5yxd/s§5 x3Nk5 kbC5no8k5 xˆNQ/sJk9l xµm5tyJ3k5 eg3zui4. mr[4f5 « x?tü5gk5 h4fN3gn/c3iq5 S4rg7mEsJ5. GEORGE BERTHE 74 SAMMY KUDLUK BOB MESHER Makivik receptionist Louisa Surusila withherdaughter, duringtheMakivikAGM. inPuvirnituq LouisaSurusila Mina,andunclePaulusiKanayukposebesidethisicesculpture Makivik receptionist nN1axymÔ2 nixî5ht4mr{[f5x3ÇAbµ3ystu8i4 vtmic3tlQ5 S[3igu. mr{[f5 x9M[z5b sçMstu4rspzlwnhDy˜6 x5pos3bsctc3hiXi7ui4àNu4x7mlxz7ui4XslyvNJ3u4 x5pox[isJ5yfu5 mr{[s2 WNh5tgw8Nq5 x3ÇAbµ3ystu4 vtmi3j5 ÉymMsJ5 S[3igu vtmi3u4 vJy5yxt5y/3gym5ht4. xuh5 scc5bMsJK5 Ì8N vtmisMs3g6 X3Nym5yxi3XsCbMsExz. GEORGE BERTHE Makivik Staff were at the annual general meeting in Puvirnituq to set things up and make sure everything ran smoothly. Many commented that this was one of the best AGMs so far.

÷i Wbl Ìu ®8l x5pos3bsctcMsÔ4 sfîz hÍZ3ᑏi4 yv5M8us÷8i4 trtbsymMsÔ8i4 S[3igu xStu4 N9osi3ysgk5. GEORGE BERTHE Johnny Peters and Tommy Cain pose with these two Scottish bagpipers who were invited to Puvirnituq for the snow festival.