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Departament De Ciència Animal I Dels Aliments Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments Estudios sobre identificación, lactación y cría de dromedarios en la isla de Fuerteventura (Canarias) Studies on identification, lactation and rearing of dromedaries in the island of Fuerteventura (Canary Islands) Estudis sobre identificació, lactació i cria de dromedaris a l’illa de Fuerteventura (Canàries) TESIS DOCTORAL ELENA DÍAZ-MEDINA Bellaterra (Barcelona) 2017 UNIVERSITAT AUTONOMA DE BARCELONA DEPARTAMENT DE CIENCIA ANIMAL I DELS ALIMENTS Estudios sobre identificación, lactación y cría de dromedarios en la isla de Fuerteventura (Canarias) Studies on identification, lactation and rearing of dromedaries in the island of Fuerteventura (Canary Islands) Estudis sobre identificació, lactació i cria de dromedaris a l’illa de Fuerteventura (Canàries) Tesis presentada por Elena Díaz-Medina y dirigida por el Dr. Gerardo Caja López, del Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments de la Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona (Bellaterra, España), y la Dra. Maristela Rovai, del Department of Dairy and Food Science of the South Dakota State University (Brookings, EE.UU). Lo cual firmamos en Bellaterra, a 30 de mayo 2017. Prof. Dr. Gerardo Caja Dra. Maristela Rovai “¿De dónde saca la tabaiba su acre leche? De dónde saca su leche la camella que se apacienta en pedregales, que parece alimentarse lamiendo pedruscos, que rumia ese esqueleto de planta que es la aulaga, toda ella espinas” Miguel de Unamuno AGRADECIMIENTOS Al fin llegó el momento de redactar los agradecimientos y siento que no cambiaría nada de lo vivido en estos últimos años, porque además de aprender sobre camellos, he crecido profesionalmente y como persona. He aprendido que, si te quedas atrapada en la rompiente, tienes que subir rápido, porque nunca sabes que habrá en la siguiente ola, y que, con confianza en uno mismo, trabajo y un poco de fe retos que parecen imposibles pueden hacerse realidad. Sin dudarlo, los primeros agradecimientos son para mis directores. En primer lugar, al profesor Gerardo Caja, quién mostrándome su calidad profesional y sobre todo su calidad humana ha hecho posible que llegara al final del camino, digestiones en el laboratorio hasta las 6 de la mañana, aprender a sondar a un camellito (Cubano), correr detrás de los camellos en Fuerteventura para ponerles un bolo, enfados, tertulias agradables en el camino y siempre muy buenos consejos. Muchas gracias G.C. También quisiera agradecer a mi codirectora Maristela Rovai, a quien, a pesar de la distancia, he sentido cerca. Gracias M.R. por estar a mi lado en las largas jornadas compartidas de laboratorio (skim milk, y más skim milk), challenges y revisiones de papers. Quisiera agradecer también la ayuda de la profesora Elena Albanel con el NIR y esa sonrisa que siempre lleva puesta y al profesor Ahmed Salama su ayuda con la estadística y algunos cortados. A todo el personal del Servei de Bioquímica Clínica Veterinaria, especialmente a mi Raquel Pato, por escucharme siempre entre diluciones y ELISA. Al personal técnico Carmen Martínez y Blas Sánchez por su inmensa ayuda y apoyo en todo momento y a la Dra. Anna Zamora por su ayuda con la microscopía. También quiero agradecer a mi compañera Joyceline Duah-Barning, por su gran ayuda en el laboratorio y en la calibración con el NIR. ¡Muchas gracias! La segunda parte, que ha hecho posible esta tesis, se llama Oasis Park. No sé cómo expresar mi más profundo agradecimiento a Casto Martínez, Cirila Cabrera y Lázaro Cabrera por depositar su confianza en mí porque creo que es el bien más preciado que te puede dar una persona y por la ayuda que me han dado ya que si no, nada de esto hubiera sido posible. A Soraya Cabrera, gracias por transmitirme tu pasión por estos animales porque aprendí de alguien con mucha sensibilidad y eso marca para siempre. La tercera parte, que contribuyó a que hoy esté redactando estos agradecimientos fueron esos bichos peludos y de cuatro patas que tantos momentos de felicidad me dieron y tantas muestras. Florita, Miguel, Mariposa, Virginia y Coja…que hacía las veces de mesa con su joroba, los guelfos corriendo por todos lados y no dejaban ordeñar…un verdadero caos que se echa de menos. Siento una profunda admiración por estos animales…por la paz que irradian, por la fuerza y el carácter que tienen, por su belleza …por ellos va esta tesis. Otra persona a agradecer por la ayuda que me ha ofrecido es Menchu Manuelián, unas gracias muy sinceras por prestarme a tu familia porque ahora es como si fueran parte de la mía y por supuesto a su familia que me ha hecho sentir como en casa. Quisiera agradecer también a los compañeros doctorandos de la pecera, porque me han ayudado a terminar esta Tesis, ¿qué grado de felicidad tienes hoy? Ya sé que lo más importante para ustedes es mi mesa, pero me gustaría que supieran que yo les voy a echar de menos. También a todos mis compañeros del parque, por ayudarme en la toma de muestras, las risas compartidas, los intercambios de ideas, por los buenos y los malos ratos compartidos. A pesar de que es imposible nombrarlos a todos, cada persona que he conocido ha aportado algo en este camino. ¡Muchas gracias! Y agradecer también a esos familiares con los que no comparto sangre, pero sí el músculo que la bombea, MIS AMIGOS, porque saben lo que ha supuesto para mí este camino, por darme ánimo cuando lo necesitaba y porque me permiten definirme como la persona que soy. La mención más especial la reservo para MI FAMILIA, mis padres, mi hermana y mis sobrinos por estar ahí siempre apoyándome en todo momento porque sin ellos yo no soy nada. Para mi madre, un gran abrazo por las ausencias que has tenido que soportar y por no poder haberte dedicado más tiempo. Eres la mejor persona que conozco y con el mejor corazón. ¡Muchas gracias Medina! Parte de las analíticas realizadas en esta Tesis Doctoral han sido posibles gracias a una beca del “Strategic Technology Program of the National Science, Technology and Innovation Plan (NPST; project 13-AGR1159-02) of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia” y a la colaboración de los Dres. Mohamed A. Alshahik, Riyadh S. Aljumaah y Moez Ayadi. A todos, MAŞALLAH Bellaterra, 07 de mayo de 2017 Elena Díaz-Medina PUBLICACIONES La línea de investigación de esta tesis ha dado origen a las siguientes publicaciones en revistas científicas y actas de simposios nacionales e internacionales: Publicaciones en revistas internacionales: Caja G., Díaz-Medina E., Salama A.A.K., Salama O.A.E., El-Shafie M.H., El-Metwaly H.A., Ayadi M., Aljumaah R.S., Alshaikh M.A., Yahyahoui M.H., Seddik M.M., Hammadi M., Khorchani T., Amann O., Cabrera S. 2016. Comparison of visual and electronic devices for individual identification of dromedary camels under different farming conditions. J. Anim. Sci. 94:3561-3571 (doi:10.2527/jas2016-0472). Díaz-Medina E., Caja G., Salama A.A.K., Ayadi M., Aljumaah R.S., Alshaikh M.A., Cabrera S., Rovai M. 2017. Hyperglycemia and low insulin sensitivity are natural conditions of healthy camel calves that appear at early age during suckling. PLoS ONE (Submitted). Simposios internacionales: Caja G., Díaz-Medina, E., Cabrera S., Amann O., Salama O.H., El-Shafei M.H., El-Sayed H., Salama A.A.K., Aljumaah R.S., Ayadi M., Alshaikh M.A. 2013. Comparison of traditional and modern systems for the individual identification of dromedary camels. ASAS-ADSA Joint Annual Meeting, Indianapolis, Indiana, EEUU. Caja G., Díaz-Medina E., Rovai M., Salama A.A.K., Cabrera S., Ayadi M., Aljumaah R.S., Alshaikh M.A. 2015. Sucking camels become low tolerant to glucose and less sensitive to insulin with the age. 8th International Congress on Farm Animal Endocrinology (ICFAE), Billund, Denmark. Díaz-Medina E., Caja G., Rovai M., Salama A.A.K., Cabrera S., Ayadi M., Aljumaah R.S., Alshaikh M.A. 2016. Changes induced by age in the glucose metabolism of suckling camels before weaning. 4th DairyCare Conference, Lisboa, Portugal. Isabella A., Contreras-Jodar A., Piras C., Soggiu A., Greco V., Urbani A., Bonizzi L., Ayadi M., Aljumaah Rihyad S., Alshaikh M.A., Díaz-Medina E., Caja G., Roncada P. 2017. 12th Annual Conference of the Italian Proteomics Association, Lecce, Italia. Simposios nacionales: Caja G., Díaz-Medina E., Cabrera S., Amann O., Salama O.H., El-Shafei M.H., El-Sayed H., Salama A.A.K., Aljumaah R.S., Ayadi M., Alshaikh M.A. 2013. Identificación de dromedarios mediante marcas al fuego, crotales plásticos y bolos electrónicos. XV Jornadas AIDA (Asociación Interprofesional para el Desarrollo Agrario) sobre Producción Animal, Zaragoza, España. Tomo I. pp. 82-84. Díaz-Medina E., Caja G., Salama A.A.K., Cabrera S., Alshaikh M.A., Ayadi, M., Aljumaah R.S., Rovai M. 2017. Respuesta a ensayos de tolerancia a glucosa y retos de insulina de dromedarios jóvenes durante el periodo de cría. XVII Jornadas AIDA (Asociación Interprofesional para el Desarrollo Agrario) sobre Producción Animal, Zaragoza, España. Lista de Abreviaturas a.C. After Christ Después de Cristo ADP Adiponectin Adiponectina Ala Alanine Alanina ANP Atrial natriuretic peptide Péptido natriurético atrial ATP Adenosine triphosphate Adenosín trifosfato ARP Plasmatic renin Renina plasmática AUC Area under the curve Área bajo la curva AVP Arginine-vasopressin Arginina-vasopresina B1 Thiamine Tiamina B2 Riboflavin Riboflavina b.C. Before Christ Antes de Cristo BHB β-hydroxybutyrate β-hidroxibutirato BW Body weight Peso vivo C. Camelus Camelus ºC Centigrade Centígrado Ca Calcium Calcio ca. Circa Cerca CE European Council Consejo de Europa Cl Chlorine Cloro CN Casein Caseína CO2 Carbone dioxide Dioxido de carbono CP Crude protein Proteína bruta CR Carotid Rete Red carótida e-ID Electronic ID ID electrónica EEB Bovine spongiform Encefalopatía espongiforme encephalopathy bovina Exp.
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