August 10, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 28103 PRIVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS H.R. 18888. A bill for the relief of Edward PETTI'IONS, ETC. E. Jones; to the Committee on the Judiciary. Under clause 1 of rule XXII, private By Mr. PEPPER: Under clause 1 of rule XXII, bills and resolutions were introduced and H.R. 18889. A bill for the relief of John 567. The SPEAKER presented a petition severally referred. as follows: Molgard Isak.sen; to the Committee on the of Wayne E. Carver, Wheelersburg, Ohio, rela­ By Mr. BROYHILL of Virginia: Judiciary. tive to appointments to the U.S. Supreme H.R. 18887. A bill for the relief of Slavko By Mr. SCHMITZ: Court and to other Federal benches, which N. Bjelajac; to the Committee on the Ju­ H.R. 18890. A bill for the relief of Bernaldo was referred to the Committee on the Ju­ diciary. Acupan; to the Committee on the Judiciary. diciary.

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS SCORE A BIG PLUS FOR SMALL to start them out earlier and then get them tired executive (many of them involuntary BUSINESS back in the store to perform other duties. retirees) and the idea of SCORE was born. Careful records were kept of all costs and The goal of SCORE is to use the otherwise they were trimmed relentlessly. untapped abil1ties of the retirees. So far, Within months, the business was breaking SCORE has been able to do that, although HON. HENRY P. SMITH III even for the first time in seven years. The the road hasn't always been easy. OF NEW YORK woman was able to sell it at a fair market Dun & Bradstreet figures show that the value and find more profitable uses for her Buffalo area has the lowest death rate for IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES capital. small businesses in the nation. And it pin­ Monday, August 10, 1970 Then, there was the case of the Broadway points the decline as starting in 1965, the discount store that specialized in drugstore first year of SCORE, and in areas, like Buf­ Mr. SMITH of New York. Mr. Speaker, items and returned its owner nothing. falo, that have strong SCORE programs. it is indeed gratifying to note that many Two SCORE volunteers, Alfred E. Wiener, Any company that has 25 or fewer em­ of our citizens are not content to while a retired grocer, and Herman Kahn, a vet­ ployees, can qualify for SCORE assistance. away the increased leisure time an eran of the retail furniture business, took a Counseling also is offered to persons who are earlier retirement age provides. long, hard look and discovered that, al­ thinking of going into business. Under the auspices of the Small Busi­ though the store was open after regular Nationally, there are an estimated 4000 ness Administration, the Service Corps shopping hours, its owner was charging the retired men ta.king part in the SCORE pro­ same prices as other stores. gram. The Buffalo chapter has 36 persons of Retired Executives---SCORE-makes They convinced the proprietor that he enrolled. it their responsibility to assist :fledgling should raise his prices by 10 per cent be­ Buffalo also has 17 persons enrolled in the and :floundering small businesses to suc­ cause he was offering shoppers the conven­ Active Corps of Executives (ACE), a parallel cessfully adjust to the American free ience of after-hours shopping. The recom­ program that offers the same free counsel­ enterprise system. mendation raised the store's take from $150,- ing-in this case from younger, working ex­ Mr. Speaker, I would like to publicly 000 a year to $200,000 annually and changed ecutives. It was founded by Hillary J. Sando­ commend the chairman of the Buffalo it to a profitable enterprise. val Jr., national administrator. SCORE Chapter, Mr. Herman Kahn. Like the discount store case, many SCORE The Buffalo SCORE chapter now has 31 assignments are relatively straightforward working cases and the local ACE program Under his truly fine and exemplary lead­ and easy, requiring perhaps as little as 12 has five current cases. ership, the dedicated SCORE volunteers hours a week of the volunteers' time. One recent ACE case took John J. Piazza, have helped Buffalo achieve the lowest Others require complex investigations that administrator of the Ransomville General small business death rate in the Nation. involve teams of volunteers in many weeks Hospital, to Texas for consultation on the A very pertinent article, excerpted of effort. tangled affairs of Wesley Manor, a retirement from the Buffalo Evening News, follows: A Buffalo area testing laboratory received home being operated in the Rio Grande Val­ the services of a three-man team of volun­ ley by the Southwest Conference of Meth­ SCORE A BIG PI.us FOR SMALL BUSINESS teers, Roy C. Timm, Aldred K. Warren and odist Churches. (By Ralph Dibble) Elmer M. Finbury, who devoted four months The operation was at a whopping deficit It was like the trite fable about the hus­ to the problem. of $25,000 a month. The administrator, a re­ band who went out one day to buy a pack of The laboratory sought help in increasing tired minister, was described as "very per­ cigarettes and never came back. sales and services and also asked advice on sonable" and "most devoted to the work of But it was tragically real for the Buffalo the problem of relocating to more adequate the churc:b.," but with administrative ab111- area woman who was left with two young facilities. ties that were "most limited." daughters, a $150,000 home and limited fi­ The changes in location and operation sug­ Mr. Piazza found that not only was the nancial resources. gested by the SCORE volunteer generated home located in a sparsely-settled area with She sold the expensive home, bought a an expansion of the business that resulted few potential customers, but it was doing florist business and moved into modest liv­ in hiring 10 more employes and gave the no advertising to attract persons from other ing quarters behind the flower shop. In the Buffalo business community a biological and areas. drab days that followed she had to help her metalurgical testing facility. He found much of the space devoted to daughters overcome the emotional trauma of One of the strangest cases handled by the unproductive uses. The facilities included shifting from an upper-upper middleclass life Buffalo SCORE involved a weekly newspaper five chapels and 26 lounges. Although it was to an economically-deprived existence. that had an unpleasant odor that persisted meant to accommodate 400 residents, full And, worst of all, the business she had after it was delivered to homes. occupancy has never been achieved. hoped would give them security was showing, The FHA foreclosed a $2,800,000 mortgage SCORE volunteers advised a testing pro­ and a church bond issue of $800,000 is $144,- a loss, month-after-month. gram which produced puzzling early results In desperation, she contacted the U.S. 000 short. The rest is expected by June 30. showing that neither the ink or the paper This amount has been used to liquidate ac­ Small Business Administration, in the old were responsible for the odor. Eventually, it Federal Building, 121 Ellicott St. There, it counts payable and meet current deficits. was learned that it was the combination of Mr. Piazza, who worked with another ACE was decided that the case should go to ink and paper that produced it. SCORE-Service Corps of Reti~ed Execu­ volunteer, Joseph S. Enzinna of Newfane, tives-an organization of retired business­ SCORE is an offshoot of the Small Busi­ met last November with the Wesley Manor's men who offer their services to small busi­ ness Administration. The SBA was organized directors to recommend emergency steps. nessmen at no charge. in 1954 to assist small businesses. These are They recommended that "an excess of The problem was turned over to Raymond defined as businesses with less than $1 mil­ staff" be trimmed by layoffs, elimination of J. Hoban of Kenmore, retired consultant on lion in gross sales and they comprise 95 per some services to residents, an increase in industrial cost reduction. One of the first cent of the country's five m1llion businesses. rates and immediate start of an internal things he learned was that three employees The SBA was organized to reduce the cost control program. They urged "an exten­ of the business had used their know-how sometimes alarmingly-high death rate of sive advertising program" and a detailed re­ (and some equipment) to set up florists busi­ these small businesses by providing them view of space utilization. nesses of their own. low-cost government loans. Also suggested was the offering of other After that, Mr. Hoban began a full-scale But small business stfil faced major prob· levels of care to increase income and the study. At is turned out, he stayed with the lems in 1964 when SBA leaders reviewed hiring of a business manager. case for several months. He weeded out un­ figures showing that small businesses ac­ It is too early to tell whether the retire­ necessary expenses s-qch as payments for counted for 91 per cent of all business fail­ ment home can be kept in business, but at air express deliveries that weren't necessary. ures and that inept, inexperienced manage­ least it now has a chance. A satisfying side­ Two delivery boys stayed out all day on ment was the major cause for those failures. light for Mr. Piazza was a firm friendship their rounds. Their schedules were revised They thought of the large number of re- he h.\.; struck up with a Texas executive. 28104 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS August 1 O, 1970 Another ace project relating to care for the It involved a Hindu woman who arrived Working closely with the SCORE and ACE elderly took volunteer Max Altman to the at the San Francisco SBA office in a flowing volunteers ts the Buft'alo branch office of Gowanda Indian Reservation of the Seneca sari to ask for help with "a business the ·sBA, headed by Mr. Izzo. Heading the Indian Nation to study the possibility of problem." SBA's two major departments locally a.re using reservation buildings for a nursing The woman explained she was a maker of Len Hocken, loan officers in charge, and home to be operated by the Seneca Council curry sauce that had been prized by hotels Frank Sciortino, who heads the manage­ for Indians throughout the state. and restaurants since 1958. But when she ment assistance department. Mr. Altman's preliminary report ls that the tried to sell it in stores at 98 cents for an Probably the greatest tribute to the SCORE buildings are in good condition and prob­ 11~-ounce bottle, it wouldn't move. and ACE volunteers came from an SBA of­ ably can be converted into a nursing home A retired marketing expert considered the ficial who declared: facility. problem and oft'ered the opinion that few "There's a great deal of idealism in the Presiding over the Buft'alo office of the SBA housewives would invest in an untried, un­ American business executive. Many hide and is Frank R. Izzo, branch manager, who also known product to the tune of nearly a dollar. try to appear tough. But we find that in is a principal adviser for SCORE and ACE He suggested selling it in 6Y:z-ounce bot­ their hearts they are really anxious to do here. tles for 69 cents. The maker reported it something for their communities and na­ He is impressed by the volunteers and the "worked like magic" and soon the local chain tion." fact that in an age of conspicuous non­ store was ordering a thousand cases. involvement, they provide valuable services Occasionally, a SCORE or ACE volunteer "out of the goodness of their hearts." encounters initial hostllity. When Edward Some recruiting is done among area in­ I. Zolte arrived to help a baker who had SENATOR SCHWEIKER URGES CARE dustries that provide n ames of recently­ asked for assistance, he found the business­ WITH NUCLEAR POWERPLANT retired executives. A report on SCORE'S ac­ man incensed because he was talking to a PLANS IN PENNSYLVANIA tivities in G. L. Ludcke's "Human Side of lawyer, instead of another baker. Investing" column in the Dec. 1 editions of "Look," Mr. Zolte responded, "I've never The News brought responses to SCORE from been associated with a failure." HON. RICHARDS. SCHWEIKER 75 persons. He found customers entering the bakery OF PENNSYLVANIA One of the most unusual recruiting cases were confronted with racks of bread. Mr. IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES came when Mr. Izzo got a phone call from Zolte advised moving them to the back, de­ the wife of a retiree. claring, "Everyone knows you've got bread Monday, August 10, 1970 "He'll drive me crazy, if I don't find some here." Mr. SCHWEIKER. Mr. President, way to get him out of the house," she said He also advised painting and brightening "Couldn't you get him into something like the interior and suggested the baker buy di­ Pennsylvania is scheduled to receive the the SCORE program." rectly in the market, instead of dealing largest program of nuclear powerplants A tactful interview disclosed that the man through a middleman. of any State in this country. Twelve nu­ was indeed unhappy in his enforced idleness The encounter was typical to the "man­ clear plants are either in being or pro­ and would be pleased to work with SCORE. ta-man" approach that is preferred by the posed for the State, including a fast Buft'alo Chapter 45, one of 185 self-govern­ programs. breeder demonstration plant which is ing SCORE chapters, holds monthly meet­ Nearly aJl small business failures come proposed for a site near Scottsville, on ings to evaluat e possible volunteers and dis­ through faults in management, the SBA the Susquehanna River, in Wyoming cuss business problems. A side benefit is the has found. socializing it makes possible among the It also has found a persistent and some­ County. retirees. times fatal allergy to keeping records and Because my State is scheduled to be A charter member and a longtime aid doing paper work. Many small businessmen the recipient of a large and active pro­ to the Buffalo Chapter, Michael F. Ellis, ad­ have no idea of what the relationship is gram in this area, I have been urging vertising execut ive, who now serves on the among costs, price schedules and profits. that some of the medical and environ­ State Advisory Council. SBA representatives like to emphasize that mental issues be openly and widely dis­ :Mr. Ellis, a man of wide-ranging interests, small business has one overwhelming ad­ cussed by the citizens of Pennsylvania had a favorite project--a. man who vantage--its ablllty to provide personalized devised a whirlpool bath for race horses. service. during the planning stages of these The developer was hustled to the Patent A widely-cited example involves a Chester, plants. Recently I have asked two knowl­ Office to protect his rights and Mr. Ellis gave Pa., service station that changed a loss to a edgeable scientists in this field to appear him some expert .advice on promotion of the profit by providing its customers with what on my biweekly television program to dis­ bath. it calls "chauffeur care." The station pro­ cuss problems of radiation emissions. SCORE's efforts frequently a.re directed vides free home pickup and delivery of ca.rs Prof. E. J. Sternglass of the Medical toward aiding minority groups. John N. An­ it services and washes. derson, who operated a wholesale florist School of the University of Pittsburgh business, helped in organization of Profes­ All SCORE cases are not a success. In outlined some of the dangers and said: sional Servants, 493 Michigan Ave., which some cases, failures are averted. One beauty salon operator wanted to switch It is my feeling that until we do (addi­ trains and bonds persons for domestic work. tional) studies and prove that lower level On the other hand, a proposal for a quality to an ice cream store because she was tired of standing all day. A SCORE volunteer radiations are really safe and we can judge restaurant and nightclub was discouraged how much should be released we ought not because of what was considered a lack of convinced her an ice-cream business would to go ahead with such a huge major program. practical planning and a sound financial be unprofitable and that she would be on base. her feet just as much, anyhow. On a later program, Dr. William Bibb, Applications for assistance come through The SBA provides services that dovetail a scientist from the Atomic Energy Com­ the SBA, but, once a case is referred to it, into the volunteer programs. It conducts mission, pointed out that President the SCORE chapter operates independently. Small Business Workshops in Western New York communities for persons who are Nixon's home in San Clemente is "less Roy c. Timm was the first chapter chairma.n. than 4,500 yards from the San Onofre Current head is Mr. Kahn. thinking of going into business or have The only cost to a "client" ls payment of been in business only a brief time. plant. I think we are well aware of the travel expenses to the volunteer or $5 for a Local chambers of commerce cooperate fact that those who are concerned with visit within 25 miles. But 95 per cent of and banks often pick up the tab for a lunch­ the President's safety are not going to the volunteers turn down the expense money. eon. Bankers talk about banking services, let him be close to a nuclear powerplant One of the stranger trips made by a Certified Public Accountants talk about the if they felt there was an unnecessary risk. SCORE or ACE volunteer from Buft'alo took importance of paper work and insurance Obviously, they don't feel there is." Arthur Mesches, owner of a group of clean­ representatives talk about guarding against ing establishments, who was called to look risks and even the danger of being overin­ One of the projects planned for Penn­ into the a.trairs of a Western New York busi­ sured. sylvania is a proposed $375 million nu­ nessman who was a "compulsive buyer." In charge of the operations is Mr. Izzo, clear generating plant at Limerick. A Although his business was just about who came to Buft'alo six years ago and is similar station is planned for Newbold breaking even, the man couldn't turn down only two years away from retirement, him­ Island, N.J., on the Delaware River across a salesman who appeared in his office. His self. A native of Brooklyn and a veteran of from Bucks County. Recently the Dela­ final spending fling was outside the office 22 years with the Reconstruction Finance ware River Basin Commission held a as he bought his wife a mink coat and jew­ Corp., he took a decade off from the govern­ hearing to allow local interested citizens elry. Mr. Mesches is trying to help pick up ment service to run a Dutchess County au­ the pieces to convert a break-even enter­ tomobile agency. and public officials to present their points prise into a profitable one. He considers that excursion into business of view with regard to this proposal. This The kind of know-how that Mr. Mesches as invaluable in his present job. is precisely the kind of public exposure brings to the program is best illustrated "I can think like a businessman," he ex­ of the issues involved which I feel is nec­ by SCORE'S celebl"ated case number 128--a plains, "and I know how fed up they can get essary. I commend the Delaware River number that's well known to most SCORE with government forms and other pa.per Basin Commission for providing a public workers. work." forwn on this matter and shall place in August 10, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 28105 the RECORD the text of an article from "I know that these considerations are im­ "In saving our food from insects with a the Norristown Times Herald which sum­ portant to you and your staff and to the product that had been inadequately re­ marizes the hearing and includes in it planners throughout the entire region. searched, we poisoned our environment," he "Second, and of particular importance to said. remarks by Representative LAWRENCE me, is the question of the environmental im­ James F. Wright, executive director of COUGHLIN. pact of using thJ.s water for the nuclear gen­ the Commission, questioned in an interview The Washington Star has recently erating plant. Our water resources are most Whether strong public opinion could stop published a four-part series which sets precious and yet I feel that you are being that construction of the plants said, "The forth some of the issues surrounding the asked to make a decision without benefit of decision will not be made on the basis of promotion and regulation of atomic any detalled information. popularity." energy and exploring how the Atomic "I do not believe that anyone can render a. The Commission will decide according to Energy Commission has been attempting final opinion on the effect on our water re­ calculation of risks and attributes of these sources without the benefit of all environ­ and alternate plans, Wright said. to cope with the environmental concern mental reports. It seems unfair to put the "The public raised certain questions the over its activities. I ask unanimous con­ Com.mission members in such a position. Commission could not answer at this time," sent that the article be printed in the "I believe we must await the decisions of he said. RECORD. the various agencies and bodies concerned "Answers will be developed and the pub­ There being no objection, the articles With the environment before any reasoned lic will be informed of them through various were ordered to be printed in the RECORD, and informed decision can be evolved on what reports." as follows: the Limerick plant's effect will be on our Mayor Ca.iola, in his statement, pointed to water resources." the number of studies being done on nuclear [From the Norristown (Pa.) Times Herald, For these reasons, concluded Congressman plant construction and the possible ramifi­ July 17, 1970] Coughlin, he requests the Delaware River cations such construction might have on UNTIL MORE DATA ls COMPILED: TEMPO­ Basin Com.mission to decline any final de­ the environment and ecology. RARY HALT ASKED ON LIMERICK "N" cision "until the Commission-and all of Studies, he noted, are now underway by PLANT us-have had the opportunity to study the the State Plannning Commission, the Mont­ (By JUI Porter) Environmental Report, as finally approved, gomery County Planning Commission, the special group headed by Sena.tor Holl. Also, The overwhelming consensus of testimony and have had the benefit of knowledge rather than the absence of it." he said, a. House subcommittee is presently at a public hearing Thursday called for re­ conducting hearings into the more general jooting at this time the proposed $375 million The lack of information concerning the consequences of the proposed plants and aspects and long range effects of nuclear Limerick nuclear generating plant, and a power plants. similar station planned for Newbold Island, available alternatives led the president of the Environmental Planning and Informa­ "It is my belief," continued Caiola, "that N.J. Conservation groups and individuals a decision by the Dela.ware Valley River Basin right down the line called on the Delaware tion Center of Pennsylvania to call the hear­ ings "premature." Co:mmLsslon before the findings of these vari­ River Basin Com.mission to refrain from ap­ ous commissions have been made public proving plans for construction of the two "EPIC and all environmentally concerned groups cannot come before the commission would be a premature act. There are several plants, until much more is known concerning and give you a responsible statement whether questions which I have and which I am their effects on water supply and the environ­ they, in fa.ct, support or oppose such nuclear sure the Commission has already given at­ ment. generating stations until this material is tention. One is going to be lost during the Montgomery County Planning Commission, available," Thomas Dolan said. course of the daily operation of this facility. Mayor Frank L. Caiola and Congressman Law­ Dolan predicted the construction of 10 "In Norristown With our population of 40,- rence Coughlin were among those who re­ more nuclear generating stations Within the 000 we consume in the neighborhood of two quested a postponement of approval un,til all basin and said "The amount of fresh water million gallons of water a day. Under the facts were calculated. available for consumptive uses is limited." present proposal of the nuclear plant, ap­ The hearing, which began at 10 A.M. and "The Limerick generating station Will proximately 35 million gallons a day is going lasted until the evening, focused on the Lim­ evaporate as much as 42 million gallons to be evaporated. Th.is would mean that the erick Generating Station, proposed by the of water daily, or an average of 35 mill1on water needing the operation of this plant Philadelphia Electric Co. for the east bank gallons daily . . . If they (the 10 additional would be able to support a community al­ of the Schuylkill River, and the $450 million plants) have the same cooling processes the most many times the size of Norristown. Newbold Island Genera.ting Station, proposed basin Will lose the daily water requirements "As has been pointed out, our electrical by the Public Service Electric and Gas Com­ of three million people through evaporation." requirements a.re rising approximately 10 per pany for the island in Bordentown Township, Most of the 20 some groups offering testi­ cent per year. However, we should not lose Burlington County, N.J. mony requested that the Commission adopt sight of the fact that our water requirements Some 200 persons attended the session at a wait-and-see attitude, but a few, including a.re also on the increase. We, in the north­ the American Society for Testing and Mate­ a stockholder in Philadelphia Elootric, con­ eastern part of the country, in past years have rials Building, 1916 Race St., Philadelphia. demned the projects outright. faced successive periods of drought when The two points raised by a spokesman for "When in doubt," said Emily Ford, presi­ fresh water has certainly become a. scarce Lawrence Coughlin represented the ma.in dent of the West Jersey Club of the Natural commodity. It was not too many years a.go concerns of those who testified: the drain on Food Associates, Merchantville, N.J., "re­ when we saw the salt water table backing up wateT supply, and the lack of knowledge search and say, 'No'". in the Delaware River. I certainly feel this concerning the environmental impact of the The Ford woman and Mrs. Dorothy S. should warrant very careful consideration as plants. Philips, a representative of the Delaware to the expendabil1ty of o~r present available Rep. Coughlin, in the statement, said his Valley Protective Association and a. stock­ fresh water. concerns in regard to construction of a nu­ holder in P. E., quoted from extensive studies "Also, I think one other point is worth clear generating plant in Limerick Township, by scientists which link radiation pollution noting. If, in fact, electrical requirements should not be interpreted as opposition to the to increased cancer and leukemia.. are rising at 10 per cent each year, certainly plant or to use of nuclear power. Other objections included the proximity of beside the Newbold Island Generating Sta­ "I recognire the problems we face With in­ the plants, with their potential for- radiation tion and the Limerick Genera.ting Station adequate power sources and commend Phil­ and thermal pollution, and accidents of cat­ there must be other plans and proposals in adelphia Electric for moving to meet the astrophic proportions to areas of dense pop­ the works for constructing additional nuclee.r challenge. ulation; the prohibitive costs of construction plants in the area, plants that would subse­ "I believe, however, that it is important to and operation when long-term effects are quently use the Delaware River for their insure that all aspects of the proposed con­ unknown: The possible increase in rain, ice, source of warter supply. struction are examined thoroughly before frost and fog due to the water vapor emitted "I think it would be incumbent upon the such a large and irrevocable step is taken. My from the plants. Commission to request a proposal for fUture staff and I presently a.re engaged in a detailed Though the utility companies, in their developments and be able to study that pro­ review of the entire project." presentations, assured the commission that posal weighing on one hand the needs for The Congressman's statement continued: radioactive emission would be Within the electrical power and the possibility of water "As we ponder the effect of the proposed safety tolerances established by the Atomic shortages in future times. I feel that a. piece­ plant on our water resources, we must take Energy Commission, it was reiterated again meal approach to this may lead to haphaz­ into account two major considerations. One and again that those tolerances are now a.rdous planning in the allocation of such a. is the long-term results of an estimated use undergoing extensive review as a. result of vital resource as natural fresh water." of 69 million gallons daily by the proposed independent studies which claim they a.re Caiola added that there is also another plant, With an estimated 35 million gallons far too high. consideration "which I think is worth not­ being lost in evaporation. The extremely Hal Clark, president of the Delaware Val­ ing at this time. heavy demands on Delaware River water, oc­ ley Protective Association, likened the en­ "In the Philadelphia Electric's aipplica.tion casioned by continued population and in­ ergy crisis to a prior food crisis and said he to the Atomic Energy Commission I a.m sure dustrial growth, dictate the need for the most hoped the Commission would avoid another they have asked for use of the Schuylkill thorough consideration. "DDT tragedy." River in case of emergency situatdons. Thus, 28106 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS August 10, 1970 if the water supply coming from the Dela­ For years the AEC has had the task of "They put us off," recalls Mart ell. ware should be affected in some way, the selling the public the idea that there were So the committee went to Gov. John Love plant would then be able to draw from the peaceful uses for atomic energy. who wrote to AEC Chairman Glenn Seaborg. Schuylkill River for its dally usage. Cer­ Born in the shadow of the mushroom Maj. Gen. E. B. Giller, chief of the weapons tainly, there can be no contention that the clouds that rose over Hiroshima and Naga­ division of the AEC, who has a reputat ion as Schuylkill River is not an adequate or sub­ saki, the AEC faced a public frightened by being one of the most open and cooperative of stantial source of water to keep the facility the power science unleashed. AEC officials, told Dow officials to give the running at maximum capacity. We are al­ After adjusting to the obvious potential Colorado group all the information it re­ ready experiencing grave problems in the devastation from nuclear weapons, the pub­ quested within security limitations. quantity and quality of water in the Schuyl­ lic gradually became aware of another haz­ Dow argued that its filtering system had kill River. To use the Schuylkill River as ard-radiation, the potentially deadly rays worked-that no plutonium had gone beyond an alternate in times of emergency may emitted by ra.dioaotive material. the plant boundaries. Martell disagreed and prove extremely detrimental to the surround­ As interest grew in pollution and the en­ suggested that Dow take soil samples outside ing areas that rely on the Schuylkill River as vironment, attention focused on the growing t he plant. a source of water supply. I fully reallze that nuclear industry and the minute quantities Dow did nothing. So Martell and an asso­ if such an emergency should occur, the plant CYf radiation going into the air and streams. ciate walked around the plant one day col­ would reduce its water requirements to a Was this the first stage of a new and par­ lecting little packets of top soil. They found minimal level. However, I would like to see ticularly deadly form of pollution? the soil east of the plant contained unex­ these restrictions specifically la.id out when Questions like these arose about activities pectedly high concentrations of plutonium. final consideration is given by the Atomic the AEC sponsors: Martell wrote a long memorandum to Sea­ Energy Commission. Are nuclear power plants a safe answer to borg describing his findings as well as other "In summary, I am ma.king substa.n tially the nation's rapidly growing demand for elec­ misgivings about the operation of the Rocky the same request that the Montgomery tricity? Is there a chance a power plant acci­ Flats plant. County Planning Commission has set forth; dent could spew deadly radiation over a Robert D. Siek, chief of the radiation hy­ that is, a delay in your decision until the heavily populated area? Will small amounts giene section of the Colorado Department of findings of the various committees now of radiation that leak from such plants add Health, heard about the Martell memo and studying the effects of the plant a.re made to the cancer death toll? called Michael J. Sunderland, assistant man­ public including the public hearing which Can millions of gallons of highly radio­ ager of the AEC's Rocky Flats office. is to be held in the spring by the Atomic active liquid waste--the garbage of the nu­ According to Siek, he asked to discuss the Energy Commission. clear industry-be stored safely in AEC depots problem and the AEC "just said they'd rather "I also strongly urge that the Delaware for a thousand years, the time needed for its not discuss it at this time." River Basin Oommission request at the pres­ radioactivity to die off? Is the AEC moving Sunderland says he thought Siek was ask­ ent time the submission CYf future site pro­ fast enough to convert it from liquid to a ing for a copy of the Martell report, and re­ posals so that the water needs of the com­ safer solid form? ferred him to the Colorado committee. munity can be properly taken into consider­ Do underground nuclear blasts trigger Martell said that at a meeting Feb. 10 ation in a comprehensive plan for future earthquakes? Why did the AEC choose Am­ among people from the AEC, Dow and the development." chitka, an earthquake-prone Aleutian island, Colorado committee, he learned for the first [From the Evening Star, July 22, 1970] for the biggest underground explosions yet? time there had been another major fire at On Sunday, May 11 , 1969, the most expen­ Rocky Fla.ts in 1957. He also was told ma­ UNDER THE MUSHROOM CLOUD--1: CONTRO­ sive industrial fire in American history swept chine oil contaminated by plutonium hoo VERSIES ARE SMUDGING AEC's IMAGE through the main production building at the been stored in barrels outdoors on the plant (By Donald M. Rothberg) AEC's Rocky Flats plant 25 miles northwest grounds until some of the barrels corroded The Altomic Energy Commission, in the of Denver. and leaked. dual role of promoter and regulator of atomic That $50 million fire touched off a series of Sources in Washington recalled that dur­ energy, is encountering criticism over pollu­ events that tell a lot about AEC attitudes, ing the meeting's luncheon break, Dr. Martin tion, radiation, health and safety. good and bad. B. Biles, director of the AEC division of The bureaucratic devices used by the The Rocky Flats sits on a desolate stretch operational safety, approached the two agency to counter the dissent are heighten­ of fl.at, dry ground midway between Denver youngest members of the Colorado commit­ ing some controversies and threatening the and the Rocky Mountains. Operated by Dow tee, both employes of the federally financed AEC's reputation for scientific objectivity. Chemical Co. under contract with the AEC, center for atmospheric research, and said he "The AEC has the worst public relations the 17-year-old plant's chief product is plu­ planned to complain formally because he felt since the storm troopers," commented one tonium parts for nuclear weapons. it was immoral for people in one govern­ scientist. Rocky Flats produces only pieces of war­ ment agency to spy on another. Many AEC officials are working to change heads for inclusion elsewhere in a completed Examination of the contaminated soil con­ thrut image. But many others provide ample weapon, so there is no danger, particularly tinued and finally everyone agreed that the evidence of how that negative image de­ to workers, of plutonium. plutonium came from the oil spill rather veloped. Plutonium radioactivity is not penetrating, than the 1969 fire. When the oil drums leaked, For example: unlike that of many other elements. One the plutonium stayed on top of the ground In Denver, a. staite public health service could conceivably eat plutonium without be­ and the strong winds that blow across the officer says when he asked the AEC about ing harmed. It would simply pass through the flats from the Rockies carried an undeter­ reports plutonium had been found in the body's digestive system. mined amount beyond the plant boundary. soil outside a nearby weapons manufactur­ But it ls deadly if enough of it gets into To prevent further windblown contamina­ ing facllity "They just said they'd rather the blood stream or the lungs, as through a tion, Dow covered the oil spill area with as­ not discuss iit at that time." cut or inhalation. phalt. Drs. John Gofman and Arthur Tamplin The possibility that plutonium, which still A Dow spokesman said he thought that of the Lawrence Radiation Laboratory in has half its radioactivity after 24,400 years, eventually the soil-which will be contam­ Livermore, Calif., have attacked federal radi­ was blowing around outside the Rocky Flats inated for 48,000 years--would be scooped ation exposure limits as far too high. Their plant worried Dr. E. A. Martell, a member of up and shipped to an AEC nuclear waste theory has set off an emotional, name-calling the private Colorado Committee for Environ­ burial ground. ·debate between the AEC and the two sci­ mental Information. Martell still isn't convinced that anyone "entlsts. Martell, a West Point graduate, had been knows with certainty that all plutonium Federal Water Pollution Control Admin­ associated with nuclear weapons testing from stayed on the plant site during the two major istration officials in Portland, Oreg., hope a its earliest days until 1962. fl.res. He also is disturbed that Dow doesn't presidential executive order will enable them Now senior scientists on the staff of the know how much plutonium was involved in to win a long struggle with the AEC over National Science Foundation's Center for the oil spill and thus can't know how much use of Columbia River water to cool reactors Atmospheric Research in Boulder, Colo., Mar­ blew off the plant grounds. at Hanford, Wash. For years water has car­ tell recalled that in 1962 he told a congres­ Dow counters that all its test indicate no ried back with it enough heat to endanger sional committee that nuclear weapons tests plutonium got out and offers a state public Columbia salmon and a small amount of in Nevada were an important contributing health service study to back its claim. radioactivity that turns up in shellfish at the factor to radioactive iodine fallout which was The state report said, "It is our conclusion mouth of the river more than 200 miles showing up in milk and in the thyroid glands that no public health hazard now extsts from a.way. of children. past releases from the Rocky Flats plant. It In Congress, a senator finally pried loose "When the May 11 fire was first announced, would be impossible, however, to estimate from AEC files a three-year-old report from it was just a little affair," Martell said. "Later any hazard which existed in the past." the National Academy of Sciences that it came out it was $45 million .to $50 mm.ton Workers handle the volatile plutonium in sharply criticized AEC handling of radio­ and involved a huge sum of plutonium." heavily shielded containers with lead-lined aotl.ve waste. Members of the Colorado environmental gloves at one end. Another report that lay hidden fC1l' a year committee asked Dow officials if plutonium An investigation of the 1969 fire criticized warned thait underground nuclear explosions might have gotten into the air and carried, the glove box system for lack of fire breaks, can trigged earthquakes. like fallout, beyond the plant boundaries. use of flammable material in the shielding, August 10, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 28107

and placement of heat detectors outside the Tamplin Of the AEC-ftna.nced Lawrence Ra­ "It is as though we decided not to get out glove boxes where they were comfortably in­ dlation Laboratory in Livermore, Calif. They of bed any more because we might slip on sulated from the heat generated by the fire have more support in the scientific com­ the way to the bathroom," said Thompson. inside the boxes. munity than the AEC likes to admit. "It 1s a sign of age-<>f giving up, of growing Dow officials say a new production build­ Gofman and Tamplin say if every Ameri­ old, of decaying." ing incorporates an recommended safety fea­ can got the maximum permissible dose of Dr. William Bibb, a biologist at AEC head­ tures. radiation, cancer deaths would increase by quarters in Germantown, Md., and frequent It could need them since company officials 32,000 a year. pro-AEC speaker, said, "The public is sea.red concede there are an average of five pluto­ Unfounded and incorrect, says the AEC. of radiation and anyone who reinforces their nium. fires a year that breach the glove box The maximum dose is so small it's impossible fears is going to get a solid audience." system. Colorado committee members worry to single out any harmful effects it might Gofman and Tamplin were getting a solid that one of those fires will breach the walls have, contend AEC scientists. and widespread &udlence. or roof of the plant. "These people ask you to produce human But the reins began to tighten. Early in The poot-fire action of Giller's office in corpses," Gofman says of the AEC. "No May, Tamplin was notified he was being forcing plant officials to work with outside corpses, no action." charged vacation time for days spent in groups and agencies resulted, according to "This is the third time Gofman's taken March and April at a conference at the Cen­ Siek, in his office getting full AEC coopera­ off on a wild tangent," responds Dr. John ter for the Study of Democratic Institutions, tion. Health officials are now being cleared Totter, head of the AEC's division of biology a session of the American Cancer society and for access to sensitive plant areas. and medicine. an environmental teach-in for members of President Nixon's reorganization of envir­ Totter dismisses Tamplin, who came up Congress and science writers. onmental oonrtrol function chips away at one with the 32,000 figure, as "a biophysicist with His appeal was denied on the grounds area where critics say AEC's atomic pro­ no experimental background in biology . . • that "in an cases the trip and your involve­ motion and regulation duties conflict. It's very common for physical scientists to ment in the meeting was beyond the scope Under the plan to go into effect later tliis make mistakes in biology." of your laboratory assignment." year, AEC's authority to set standards for But Gofman and Tamplin have support Soon after the start of the new fiscal year the protect ion of the general environment from scientists including Joshua Lederberg, July 1, Gofman complained he had lost two from radioactive material would be trans­ winner of a Nobel Prize in Medicine; Linus people from his 12-member staff. Tamplin's ferred to the new Environmental Protection Pauling, only man ever to win two Nobel staff of 12 was cut to one research assistant. Agency. Prizes; Dr. E. B. Lewis, expert on the effects The AEC responded that the staff reduc­ The AEC would retain responsibility for of low doses of radiation, and Dr. Karl Z. tions were part of budget cuts forcing elimi­ implementing and enforcing the standards, Morgan, director of the health physics divi­ nation of 4,000 lab Jobs. however. sion of Oak Ridge National Laboratory and The AEC added that the Livermore facility, Another reorganization plan presented to a member of the National Council on Radia­ operated by the University of California un­ Nixon by a presidential task force under di­ tion Protection. der contract from the AEC, "has maintained rection of Roy Ash, former president of Lit­ Watching this debate is the power indus­ a policy of encouraging free scientific dis­ ton Industries, reportedly would have shifted try with its 17 nuclear plants now generating cussion ... Neither the AEC nor the labora­ AEC weapons responsibillties to the Penta­ electricity, 47 under construction and 48 tory has a.bridged the freedom of Drs. Gof­ gon. more proposed. man and Tamplin to speak out on the But AEC Chairman Dr. Glenn Seaborg What role should the AEC, as both regu­ issues." says: "I believe those recommendations have lator and promoter of atomic energy, play in The AEC is locked in the radiation stand­ been bypassed," as have other previous major such controversies? ards battle even though all today's nuclear proposed reorganizations of the agency. Dr. Glenn T. Seaborg, AEC chairman, said plants operate well within the stricter stand­ One factor working in the AEC's favor is in an interview he believes the AEC "should ard proposed by Gofman and Tamplin. the close relationship between the agency be presenting all sides of the arguments. Why doesn't the AEC adopt the more rigid and the congressional Joint Committee on However, when there are attacks on the standard which apparently would change Atomic Energy. One commissioner, James T. AEC and on indlviduals, I think it is natural nothing? Ramey, is the former staff director of the for the individuals involved to try to defend "We think it would be just as wrong for us Joint Committee. themselves and t.o answer the attacks and to arbitrarily lower the standards that have In one friendly exchange during a Joint the arguments that have been put forth." been set by experts not only in this country Committee session, Ramey said he had at­ . The Gofman and Tamplin controversy but all over the world as it would be to go tended many hearings on proposals to build started in 1969, when Tamplin was asked by above the standards," says Seaborg. nuclear power plants and "there are some the AEC to examine claims by Dr. E. J. Stern­ According to Seaborg, the standards are professional •stirrer-uppers' involved in each glass, director of radiology a.t the University under study and if the experts conclude they one of the meetings." of Pittsburg, that fallout had caused 400,000 should be revised, "we would be happy, of "Thait ls a good name, 'stirrer-uppers,'" prenatal or infant deaths. course, to comply." agreed Holifield. Tamplin said he determined that Stern­ Some companies with nuclear plants under Ramey described them in more detail as: glass was way off in his estimate. Tamplin construction reportedly plan to announce "Gentlemen from some 'paper' conservation came up with the figure of 32,000 deaths aind they will voluntarily adhere to a much lower organizations that you can hardly find an then wrote a rebuttal to Sternglass' findings release of radiation than the standards address for, to persons associated with the in which he included his own calculations. require. coal industry who always seem to be around Totter telephoned Gofman and Tamplin on The debate over the effects of low doses of these days. Aug. 13 and said he thought Tamplin's re­ radiation centers around this question: If a "Second, there is a group of younger scien­ buttal of Sternglass' findings was just fine. given dose of radiation can be shown to cause tislts, some of whom might be a little bit But he saw no reason for including Tam.plin's 100 cases of cancer within a population sam­ on the extremist side who seem to always own calculations in the same article. Gofman ple, will a dose one-tenth as large result in be talking on matters beyond their profes­ and Tamplin disagreed. ten cases, and will a dose one hundredth as sional competence.... " From then on the debate became more large result in one case? Then Holifield added, "A certain number heated. Gofman and Tamplin contend this sort of of book writers, too, of sensational books." Asked about Tamplin, Totter says, "We direct, straight line or linear, relationship Yes, agreed Ramey. "They are usually jour­ never at any time trusted Tamplin's figures exists. nalists and public relations men." since he has been there (Livermore)." Many researchers, such as Dr. John Storer "That is right," said the chairman, "with Totter says he actually protected both of the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, dis­ no scientific background or competence." Tamplin and Gofman from other AEC offi­ agree. Storer believes that evidence shows "None whatsoever,'' replied Ramey, whose cials who wanted to drop them long ago. that with exposure to very small amounts of degree is in law. Yet Tamplin, for example, shows letters radiation, the harmful effect drops off from such groups as the National Council on sharply. (From the Evening Star, July 23, 1970) Radiation Protection and Measurements, the But Lewis, a biologist at California Insti­ U.S. Public Health service and the National tute of Technology, says he thinks the Gof­ UNDER THE MUSHROOM CLOUD--2: ARE U.S. Academy of Sciences asking him to partici­ man-Tamplin case "is stronger than they RADIATION STANDARDS Too Low? pate in studies of the effects of radiation realize." (By Donald M. Rothberg) exposure. Lewis believes, however, their estimate o! Two Cs.11.tornia scientists who say federal Proponents of the AEC position that the 32,000 deaths is about double what -the fig­ standards allow people too much exposure radiation standards were more than adequate ure would turn out to be. to radiation are locked in a bitter, name­ fanned out to give their views. Pauling, a veteran of battles with the AEC calllng battle with the Atomic Energy Com­ -Theos J. Thompson, an AEC commissioner, over nuclear weapons tests and radioactive mission while the nuclear power industry told a meeting in Las Vegas that environ­ fallout, says of the Gofman and Tamplin es­ watches uneasily. mentalists were carrying concern with small timate: "I don't think they've exaggerated Radiation exposure limits are 10 times too traces of radioactivity to a ridiculous at all. My own estimate is two or three fold high, say Drs. John Gofman and Arthur extreme. higher." CXVI--177'1-Part 21 28108 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS August 10, 1970 All the figures are estimates because no one [From the Evening Star, July 24, 1970] (1) That considerations of long-range safety knows. UNDER THE MUSHROOM CLOUD-3: EONS OF are in some instances subordinated to regard Lederberg cited this uncertainty as reason RADIATION AHEAD for economy of operation, and (2) that some enough for adopting a stricter standard, (By Donald M. Rothberg) disposal practices are conditioned on over­ coupling it With intensive research. confidence in the capacity of the legal en­ "You don't want to deal with the health A growing pile of nuclear garbage will be vironment to contain vast quantities of ra­ of the public on any but the most conserva­ giving off deadly radiation 1,000 years !from d1onucl1des for indefinite periods without tive terms," he said. now. danger to the biosphere." Another prestigious supporter of Gofman Radioactive leftovers are an inescapable In discussing leaks from its Hanford tanks, and Tamplin is Morgan, of Oak Ridge, a sci­ byproduct of atomic reactors that produce the AEC notes that the liquid moved only entist more closely identified with the AEC. the radioactive elements for nuclear weapons 15 feet through the gray, hard soil, while "The more I think a.bout your hypothesis," and generate a growing share of the nation's the water table is 180 feet below the surface. Morgan wrote to Gofman "the more con­ electricity. But the NAS committee described itself as vinced I am of its validity." They include 80 milllon gallons of bolling dubious that radioactivity couldn't eventu­ The AEC proposed recently that radiation hot liquid stored in 200 giant tanks, and ally be carried down to the water table "in from power plants be voluntarily kept "as more mundane items such as rags, clothing the event of a rare calamitous fiood." far below this guide as practicable." and machine oil that make a Geiger counter About the same time it got the NAS report, Prof. Thomas Pigford, a nuclear engineer tick. the AEC was pushing for studies of the pos­ at the University of California and a mem­ Much of the criticism of AEC handling sib111ties of earthquakes in the Hanford of nuclear waste centers on these points: area. When Hanford was built during World ber of the AEC's Atomic Safety and Licens­ Two major facilities, the Hanford Atomic ing Board, said it shouldn't be left to power War II, the primary considerations in choos­ Works near Richland, Wash., and the Na­ ing the site were its isolation and its dry companies to volunteer to keep releases far tional Reactor Test Site at Idaho Falls, Idaho, below the standard accepted by the AEC. If climate. No particular consideration was are in areas of moderate earthquake activity. given to the possibUity of a strong earth­ that standard represents too great a public While the AEC says it now has methods health risk, then the AEC should say so and quake. for converting liquid waste to a more easily Years later, when the first nuclear power adopt a stricter standard, he said and safely handled solid form, progress has "I disagree With people who say if we plants were built, the AEC became earth­ been slow. quake conscious. Power companies were re­ lower standards we Will force nuclear power NRTS is located directly above the Snake into an uneconomical position,'' said Pig­ quired to design plants to Withstand a strong River Aquifer, one of the world's largest un­ shaking and to conduct detailed surveys of ford. "We should evaluate safety first and derground fresh water sources. Some low then economics." sites to make sure they wouldn't build a level liquid waste containing only minute plant right on a fault. According to AEC projections of power use, quantities of radioactivity is pumped into nuclear plants now generate 1 percent but But the AEC's own installations didn't un­ the aquifer. dergo the same review as power plants. It by the year 2000 will generate 69 percent. There have been 11 leaks from tanks at 8eaborg and other AEC officials pedict was suggested they ought to. In the mid- Hanford--0ne involved 50,000 gallons-in 26 1960s a number of surveys were made of the breeder reactors Will be operational in the years. AEC officials say the liquid moved only 1980s and because they produce their own Hanford area. All concluded that the chances 15 feet and couldn't possibly reach the of a strong earthquake were extremely plutonium fuel might, in 8eaborg's words, water table. Some scientists aren't so cer­ "lead to the production of electricity at costs slight. tain. Dr. G. W. Housner of California. Institute that would be spectacularly low by today's The rapid growth of the nuclear power standards." of Technology did one of those early sur­ industry is causing a proliferation of pri­ veys and said in an interview that he con­ The first attempt to operate a breeder re­ vately operated nuclear !fuel reprocessing cluded "it was not a region where we would actor in a commercial power plant occurred plants, waste storage facilities and shipment expect strong shaking." in the Enrico Ferm). plant near Detroit. Early of highly radioactive material on the nation's Two years ago Housner was asked to take in October 1966, the plant was started. Im­ railroads, which average more than 15 derail­ another look at Hanford to determine mediately things went wrong. ments a day. whether the Hanford reactors were designed The cooling system failed and the radio­ AEC scientists worry as much as anybody to Withstand the maximum shock that might active fuel elements melted-what is consid­ about nuclear waste disposal. They were occur in the area. The U.S. Coast and Geo­ ered the worst accident likely to occur in a going about their work With little public detic Survey rates Hanford as susceptible to nuclear plant. After several tense days, the notice' or outside interference untll May moderate earthquake damage. situation was brought under control. 1966, \,'hen a National Academy of Sciences Housner recommended some changes but Advocates of nuclear power plants say that committee handed in a report that gave the the AEC decided they weren't necessary. despite the accident none of the deadly, AEC more than it asked for. The AEC says it is extremely unlikely that highly radioactive fission got out of the The Committee on Geological Aspects of an earthquake could rupture one of the huge Fermi plant. No one was injured. Radioactive Waste Disposal, one of many out­ tanks at Hanford and send its radioactive Opponents claim the plant came within side groups that advise the AEC, concluded contents spilling into the Columbia River a hairsbreadth of blowing up and scattering that "no existing AEC installation which seven miles away. radioactivity over the city of Detroit. generated either high level or intermediate The Federal Water Pollution Control Ad­ The AEC does not treat power plants light­ level wastes appears to have a satisfactory ministration is fighting a continuing battle ly. Surveillance is intense during construc­ geological location !for the safe local disposal with the AEC over operations at Hanford and tion and afterward. All safety systems are of such waste products; neither does any of NRTS. Officials of this Interior Department multiple so if one doesn't work there is a the present waste disposal practices satisfy agency hope the Federal Water Pollution backup. the committee's criterion for safe disposal of Control Act and Presidential Executive Order The AEC so far has refused to permit con­ such wastes." 11288 will give them the muscle to win a struction of a plant in a city. The AEC commented that the committee confrontation with the AEC. But Dr. Edward Teller, father of the hy­ had gone beyond its original scope, received "We're starting to go to the mat With the drogen bomb, said he believes "a big nu­ "'relatively little information concerning AEC," said one official at the water pollu­ clear plant 700 feet underground on Man­ AEC operations" and made recommendations tion agency's Portland, Ore., regional office. hattan Island is safer than one 70 miles that would involve spending blllions of dol­ The act calls for improving water quality away on the surface." lars. and the executive order directs federal agen­ The AEC contends the chances of any ac­ The committee report sat in files !for more cies to lead such efforts. cident that would release radioactivity are than three years until Sen. Frank Church, D­ But in its report on NRTS, the pollution so slight as t.o be virtually non-existent. ldaho, heard about it and demanded a copy. control agency said: So far the power industry's safety record He got one, along With the AEC com­ "The Idaho Operations Office of the Atomic is perfect. But there aren't many plants ments and the agency's note that a new Na­ Energy Commission operates on the policy and few have been operating more than a tional Academy of Sciences committee had that water quality can be degraded to the year or two. been formed to look into waste disposal. No upper limits of the public health standards In 1957, an AEC-commirsioned study esti­ member of the old committee was named to for drinking water at the point of first use mated that if a power plant released a large the new one. below their operations." amount of radiation, loss of life would be Despite having "relatively little informa­ "Chemical and radioactive wastes have de­ in the thousands and dollar loss would be tion," the old committee had presented the graded the ground water beneath the NRTS," in the billions. AEC With a remarkably detailed and lengthy the report said. It recommended that the One expert now with particularly strong report. AEC stop pumping low level radioactive misgivings is David E. Lilienthal, first chair­ Among its observations were these: waste into the aquifer and that it end the man of the AEC. Says Lillenthal: "Although impressed by the competence practice of burying solid waste above it. "Once a bright hope shared by all man­ and dedication of the NRTS staff in its effort The AEC then notified the state of Idaho kind, including myself, the rash prolifera­ to solve many vexing disposal problems, at that it plans to stop burying solid waste tion of atomic power plants has become one the conclusion of its visit the committee de­ over the aqutfer, though not for ten years of the ugliest clouds hanging over America." parted With two unrelieved major anxieties. or more. AEC plans would send solid waste to August 10, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 28109 a. repository it wants to establish in 1,000- There have been n-0 cases where radioac­ Pitzer told the American Chemical Society foot-deep sa.lt mines in Lyons, Ka.n. tive material ha.s been involved in a major two weeks later, "I believe the risk that a Federal water pollution officials say they derailment. damaging earthquake might be triggered have yet to get permission to enter the Han­ But the railroads are leery enough of the deserves a much more substantial public ford installation and inspect the tank stor­ prospects tha.t some, including the Penn Cen­ hearing before tests are held a.t the new sites age area. tral, refuse to haul spent fuel elements. in central Nevada and the Aleutian Islands, They hope to eliminate Hanford's use o! which are seismically active areas." water from the Columbia River to cool [From the Evening Star, July 25, 1970] Sen. Mike Gravel, D-Alaska, asked for !\ reactors. UNDER THE MUSHROOM CLOUD--4: QUAKE copy of the report. He was turned down, he In 1966, federal water quality officials asked PERIL STIRS FEARS said, because "they felt that it was secret... Actually the report contained nothillg the AEC to halt this practice and install heat (By Donald M. Rothberg) dissipation facilities Hanford. Nothing was classified. done, they said. Three things might halt plans for under­ Finally on Sept. 29, three days before an Officials said they are more concerned ground nuclear weapons tests on the remote underground blast in the range of about 1 about thermal pollution than with traces of Aleutian Island of Amchitka: diplomacy, law million tons of high explosive was to be set radioactivity also found in the river and in suit or gigantic earthquake. off on Amchitka, the Pitzer report was shellfish at its mouth more than 200 miles Earthquakes are common on Amchitka. A released. from Hanford. shake just before the test scheduled for The release was handled, in Pitzer's WQrds, Preliminary results of studies now under­ autumn 1971 could delay it. But far more "in a rather pecullar way." way have shown that salmon, the most im­ damaging to Atomic Energy Commission's It was included, beginning on page 49, in portant commercial and sport fish in the plans for continued use o'f the island as a a 59-page pamphlet that discussed Amchitka river, are extremely sensitive to increases 1n test site would be a big quake right after test preparations, safety, site selection, the the water temperature. the 1971 blast. environment and even a sea otter relocation In answer to criticism that its vast store Testing could be curtailed if agreement is program. of liquid waste is particularly dangerous, the reached at the Strategic Arms Limitation Despite congressional apprehension, the AEC says it expects to have converted all the Talks between the United States and the test went off on schedule. No earthquake fol­ Soviet Union, or if a group of Alaskans who lowed. No radioactivity escaped. Things went liquid now in storage at Hanford to solid feel they are personally endangered by the form by 1975. better than the AEC had anticipated. But the growth of the nuclear power in­ tests win their contemplated law suit. But Dr. Frank Press, head of the depart­ The earthquake issue was raised by a blue ment of earth sciences at Massachusetts In­ dustry will greatly accelerate the generation ribbon panel of scientists formed to report to of liquid waste. Walter G. Belter of the AEC's stitute of Technology and a world renowed division of reactor development predicted in the President's science adviser on the po­ seismologist who was a member of the Pitzer a recent speech that by the year 2000, there tential hazards of underground nuclear panel, said: "We all would have bet that tests. nothing would happen. The probability of will be 77 million gallons of high level liquid The panel headed by Dr. Kenneth S. Pitzer, waste in storage, only 3 million gallons less something happening is small. The risk ls president of Stanford University, studied very great." than is now in tanks. data compiled primarily by the AEC from The new fuel reprocessing industry is de­ Press pointed out that the AEC has said previous tests, talked to AEC scientists, then, it plans to set off nuclear explosives of pro­ veloping as a satelllte of nuclear power utilizing the expertise of its own members plants. After about two years, the radioac­ gressively larger yields. He said scientists wrote: don't know enough about earthquakes to tive fuel elements in nuclear power plants "The panel is seriously concerned with the lose their efficiency and must be replaced. know whether there might be a certain size problem of earthquakes resulting-from large­ shock from a nuclear blast which would trig­ The so-called spent elements are extremely yleld nuclear tests ... New and significant hot and highly radioactive. They are stored ger a major quake. evidence demonstrates that small earth­ The greatest danger from an earthquake at at the plant under water for three to six quakes do actually occur both immediately months to allow the short-lived radioactive Amchitka would come from the tidal wave it after a large-yield test explosion and in the could generate. Press estimated it would take elements to decay off and also to dissipate following weeks. some of the heat. Then they are loaded into a quake with a Richter scale reading of 7.5 "The largest of the observed associated or 8 to generate a tidal wave large enough to huge shipping casks for transport to a fuel aftershocks have been between one and reprocessing plant. ca.use damage in populated areas. The 1969 two magnitudes less than the explosion it:. Alaska earthquake, one of the largest on The only commercial plant now in opera­ self. However, there does not now appear to record, had a Richter reading of 8.5. tion is at West Valley, N.Y. Another is un­ be a basis for eliminating the possibility that An earthquake that large at Amchitka. der construction at Morris, Ill. a large test explosion might induce either could send a tidal wave across the Pacific that The reprocessing plants have far greater immediately or after a period of time, a would devastate coastal areas as far away as potential for releasing radioactivity to the severe earthquake of sufficient large magni­ Japan. atmosphere than do power plants. Their tude to cause serious damage well beyond The AEC answers that there are frequent normal releases of two radioactive ele­ the limits of the test site." large earthquakes in the Amchitka area and ments--Krypton 85 and Tritium-are far The report went to the White House Nov. none has ever triggered a large tidal wave. greater than from power plants. 27, 1968, about 11 months before the first of Even the Pitzer panel stressed that the In addition, fuel reprocessing plants will a series of large-yield nuclear tests was to go possibility was slight. The report added that become small storage depots for liquid radio­ off on Amchitka. it does exist, however, and the need for test­ active waste. The liquid is generated when The panel also gave its opinion of the ing should be evaluated with this in mind. the spent fuel elements are immersed in acid earthquake potential at the three existing Two government seismologists for the U.S. and processed to recover plutonium and test sites: Geological Survey said this month they uranium. High level liquid waste remains. "The proposed tests at the central Nevada found in a seven-year study that as many The new Morris plant being built by Gen­ site involve a greater risk of earthquake than earthquakes occurred before underground eral Electric Co., is designed to process the those at the regular Nevada test site, since atomic explosions as afterwards. liquid immediately into solid form, a proce­ the more northerly portions of Nevada are Their report in a scientific journal had been dure that could solve the future liquid waste more active seismically. Since the Amchitka preceded last year by another report of three problems. area in Alaska is still more active seismically, different scientists who concluded that un­ Most shipping of spent fuel elements to the hazard of inducing an earthquake must derground explosions triggered significant reprocessing facllities and potentially of solid be considered to be greater at that location earthquake activity. waste to salt mines is via rail. Casks for than at either Nevada site." Robert D. Jones Jr., manager of the holding fuel elements weigh 75 to 100 tons The report disappeared into the White Aleutian Islands National Wildlife Refuge, and are supposed to be able to hold up a!ter House. Preparations continued on Amchitka. which includes Amchitka, watches with grow­ a 30-foot drop onto an unyielding surface Pitzer called Donald F. Hornig, science ing frustration the coming of what he calls and 30 minutes in a 1,475 degree fire. adviser to President Johnson, and urged that "the bomb people." But the thick AEC regulations governing the report be made public. But, as Pitzer re­ For years Jones has worked to make casks say nothing about the makeup of called an interview, the White House was re­ Amchitka and other islands in the chain more trains. While federal regulations prohibit luctant to do anything with the report be­ hospitable to the rare Aleutian canada Goose, putting unlike hazardous materials next to cause Johnson had less than two months re­ as well as to bald eagles, and other wildlife. each other-such as radioactive material next maining in office. But the preparations for the 1971 test are to a load of explosives--there is no bar to When Richard M. Nixon took omce as eliminating the ground cover and driving off putting them in the same freight train with President, Pitzer called his science adviser, the birds, says Jones. Another factor is the a few cars in between. Dr. Lee DuBridge, to urge public release of noise and activity. Most of the 5,000 or more derailments of the report. "I think the bomb people have lost the freight trains each year are minor. But in On March 29, 1969, Pitzer received a letter skill of walking," Jones sa.id in a telephone 1969 alone, 15 communities were evacuated from DuBridge rejecting public release but interview from the refuge headquarters in after derailment of trains carrying carloads saying there was no objection to individual Cold Bay. "They seem to have to go every­ of hazardous materials. members of the panel speaking out. where by helicopter."

r-" d < b .. r • ( 28110 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS August 1 O, 1970

other Fish and Wildlife Service personnel Teller dis~, in an interview, reports rose substantially. Now, with patriotism are keeping a close watch on Amchitka. and that the commission would reject the whole at perhaps its lowest ebb in all our his­ take a less gloomy view. They report that idea Of a sea-level canal. tory and disregard for law rampant, it the eagle population actually has increased Kelly also ls reluctant to abandon the due to the more plentiful food supply rep­ idea entlrely. But, he said, at this time "any is absurd to think that such controls resented by garbage. decision would have to be without reliance could work without a total denial of "That's not true,'' responds Jones. "The on nuclear technology." freedom. eagles nesting there have been nesting for During the debate, some Congressmen years. If t-hey continue to harass those birds attempted to blame our present inflation they will decline." THE REAL MEANING OF PRICE AND on the Vietnam war, conveniently over­ With its wildlife and susceptibility to earthquakes, why did the AEC settle on WAGE CONTROLS looking the fact thaJt nondefense spend­ Amchitka for its test site? ing now exceeds defense spending in our AEC officials say the choice was narrowed budget for the first time in 20 years, and to Amchitka and the North Slope in north­ HON. JOHN G. SCHMITZ that defense spending has been steadily ern AlfliSka. According to Dr. Harry Reyn­ OF CALIFORNIA trending downward ever since the re­ olds of the Weapons section of Lawrence IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES gime of former Secretary of Defense Mc­ Radiation Laboratory in Livermore, Calif., Monday, August 10, 1970 Namara while spending for welfare-type the North Slope was eliminated because programs has been soaring. of the inhospitable climate, although it is Mr. SCHMITZ. Mr. Speaker, on the seismically stable. last day of July, Congress held an un­ Everyone should know by this time Maj. Gen. E. B. Giller, director of the usual Friday session to spend several that inflation is inevitable without a AEC's weapons division, says another fac­ hours in a most peculiar debate on a bill balanced Federal budget. Yet when the tor was ecological, particularly the presence final choice is made and votes are cast, nearby of caribou calving grounds. establishing new cost accounting stand­ there never seems to be enough who are But doesn't the AEC know enough al­ ards for defense contracting, onto which willing to cut spending sufficiently to ready about detonating nuclear bombs--or had been tacked a rider empowering make the budget balance. So inflation devices, as it prefers to call them? the President, by Executive order, "to goes on. Is there any real need for more tests? stabilize prices, rents, wages, interest "You don't design a weapon and wonder rates, and salaries at levels not less than Priee and wage controls will not work if it will go bang," says Reynolds. The tests those prevailing on May 25, 1970"-the in a free country. But to a considerable are "experiments, a series of experiments." extent they will work in a slave state Not all the devices that the AEC makes date the bill was introduced. This would like Communist Russia. If this is the go bang deep underground are weapons. authorize full price and wage controls. only way we can think of to fight infla­ Some are handled by the Plowshare pro­ After a day of bewildering maneuver, tion, that could be its result. As Con­ gram, the U.S. effort to find peaceful uses the bill was finally passed by the aston­ gressman H. R. GRoss of Iowa said in for nuclear explosives. ishingly one-sided vote of 257 to 19, with the July 31 debate: John S. Kelly, director of the AEC's divi­ six other Congressmen also paired sion of Peaceful Nuclear Explosives, sees against it. Thus only 25 Members of the No President should be delegated the aw­ the use of nuclear explosions to release new ful power to take over the economy and energy sources as the most promising cur­ House registered their disapproval of finances of this Nation withowt having de­ rent Plowshare program. price and wage controls. clared an emergency and the reasons there­ Such experiments w:ith natural gas and Most Members apparently assumed for. And no Congress should delegate to the oil shale involve underground nuclear blasts that President Nixon will not use ·the President such untrammeled power with­ in Colorado. They have popularized a bump­ Powers in this bill, except in a true na­ out requiring such a declaration. er sticker among test opponents that ad­ tional emergency. By and large, Demo­ I am willing to give the President emer­ vises: "Visit Colorado, Playground of the crat Members seemed to think they were gency powers, but I want him to tell the citi­ AEC." zens of this Nation that there ls an emer­ There are problems, Kelly admits. The embarrassing the President by passing gency that necessitates those powers. Thls first natural gas stimulated by a nuclear the bill, while Republican Members were blll ls a monstrosity in that it holds out explosion was radioactive to an extent that willing to leave the decision entirely up false hopes to the citizens of thl.s Nation. makes it unfit for use in homes. But Kelly ·to him. ls certain the radioactivity can be reduced I trust that the majority of my col­ in future shots. leagues, who believe that the President Opponents of such programs worry that will not use the vast powers they gave ARE WE GOING TO ABANDON economics wlll dictate a relaxation of safety. SUSTAINED YIELD? The two companies most involved in this him, are right. But certainly the lop­ program are CER Geonuclear Corp. of Las sided vote for this bill is not going to Vegas, Nev., an_d Austral Oil Co. of Hous­ make it any easier for the President to HON. LEE METCALF ton, Tex. Three officials from these com­ resist the growing pressures to try this OF · MONTANA panies recently jointly wrote a paper called fraudulent instant solution to our grow­ IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES "Economics of Nuclear Gas Stimulation." ing inflation crisis. In it they said, "The two gas stimulation Increasingly frustrated by the appar­ Monday, August 10, 1970 experiments performed thus far were so expensive they could not possibly be eco­ ent inability of their Government and Mr. METCALF. Mr. President, national nomic." economic system to put the brakes on forest management policy is rapidly ap­ Opposition to the gas stimulation proj­ rising prices, more and more Americans proaching a state of crisis. The great ect known as Rulison in western Colorado are being sold on price and wage con­ public awakening now occurring in the led to the filing of a suit in U.S. DiSltrlct trols as the answer. Even in the House field of environment is matched by grow­ Court in Denver. debate, the comments of many Members ing pressure on the forests for more tim­ Everybody won a little bit. The project suggested that either they thought price ber. Collisions already occurring between was allowed to continue with provision tha.t controls can actually stop inflation, or proper safeguards be followed. But oppo­ opposing interests in our forests fore­ nents were cheered by that part of the de­ wanted the people to assume so. shadow an impending major confronta­ cision which gave them the right to sue a On the oontrary, our own experience tion between conservationists and the government agency whose activities they and that of many other nations has timber industry. felt were potentially harmful. shown that price and wage controls in a The distinguished senior Senator from One of the most ambitious Plowshare proj­ free country do not actually halt infla­ Wyoming Dams on the Upper Green River, piecework scale, earning $5.50 for every 1,000 gressively negative statistics on the costs of one of the original six streams proposed for board feet they topple. On a normal day a campground repair and litter clean-up. the National Wild and Scenic River System; cut ter will drop between 5,000 and 6,000 In truth, this benighted branch of the De­ private land grabs that would eliminate board feet--sometimes moM oftentimes less. partment of Agriculture is saddled with one winter range for thousands of deer; pollution This adds up to about $5,500 annually for the of the more idealistic and difficult mandates standards variances that would make the average Wyoming logger. Up to 20 percent ever handed a public agency in the U.S. The state's pure air laws a judicial jok.e; ostrich­ of those on the state's lumber industry pay­ landmark Multiple Use and Sustained Yield like do-nothingism in cleaning up the state's rolls also spend varying portions of every Act of 1960 commands the Forest Service dirtied waters. And, of course, timbering. year on welfare. to equitably balance the use of its lands To begin wi·th, the Governor bas ada­ Yet, strangely, Governor Hathaway con­ among recreation, livestock grazing, log­ mantly opposed the classification of any new tinues to insist on "jobs now" and "timber ging, mining, wildlife and watershed. Wilderness Areas in the state-despite the now"-supporting an industry with a dim­ No one acre is expected to support all unmatched abundance of Wyoming moun­ inishing future which only brings $9,000,00ll these uses-and if a certain area is specially tain country suited for such official designa- into the state annually, and which em- August 10, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 28113 ploys just 1,100 workers. Back in 1965, hunt­ timber was quickly sold to Ka.ibab Indus­ resentative Wayne Aspinall has ominously ing and fishing alone stimulated close to tries, a large Western logging fl.rm. Simul­ hinted that his Public Land Law Review $60,000,000 of new revenue in -Wyoming's taneously, local rangers 1n the White Rover Commission will revive the National Timber economy. Forest told Vail businessmen, "Keep your Supply Act in an even more odious form. Small wonder, then, that Wyoming Senator noses out of our logging operations, or we'll Daily the logging industry demands more Gale McGee has jumped into the breech. A make it damn hard on your plans for fu­ cutting on the public lands-while 1t over­ superbly conditioned outdoorsman with a ture ski area expansion!" cuts its own private forests for export to genuine feel for the land, McGee is the most At that point, aroused citizens boldly sued Japan, and sells off the scarred remains at a conservation-minded politician the Equality the Forest Service, the Dept. of Agriculture profit. Stat e has known. Most recently he has in­ and Kaibab in an effort to halt the cut. In the Rockies, Forest Service officials con­ troduced two bills which would help protect The legal move was unprecedented, and tinue to insist that clear-cutting is right. the recreational and economic future of his from the start hardly a soul believed the They talk re-forestation with the same curi­ state-before it is logged into oblivion. people had a chance. The defendants, treat­ ous confidence as the man who believed he The first bill proposes an enlarged Wa­ ing the suit like a pesky mosquito, moved could grow bananas on Pikes Peak. And they shakie Wilderness along the Continental Di­ brisky to have it dismissed. Those simple calmly soft-pedal the intensively logged vide between Yellowstone and Dubois. The citizens, they argued, have no legal stand­ wastelands that will scar the mountains high second act calls for a Bridger National Recre­ ing to sue the Government like this. We country well into the 22nd century. ation Area along the western slope of the are rthe appointed experts-we know best­ Not long after Sena.tor McGee returned Wind River Range south of Jackson. If these we are protecting the public. Besides, they from his examination of timbering practices recreational plans are approved, priceless gloomily predicted, to even allow such a in the National Forest last summer, he had lands will be saved from clear-cutting, wild­ case into court would stir up a horrendous the occasion to write a Wyoming resident life will thrive, and large areas of National wave of similar suits against government about those trips, McGee had been asked, Forest land will be set aside forever for the agencies. Former US Regional Forester David flatly, what he thought and felt about the people who own them. S. Nordwall went so far as to suggest that clear-cutting he'd seen and what it meant. For the time being, both of McGee's bills "we would be out of business" 1f the Forest He had two basic observations to make: are bottled up in Senate committees-and Service did a.s the plantiff asked. "Haste for jobs and industry may finally neither are getting House support from Wyo­ U.S. District Judge William E. Doyle was result in no jobs and no industry. ming's lone Representative, Congressman unimpressed by the Government's plea. "No "I believe we must mind our obligations to John Wold, a political ally of the Governnor more horribles, please," the Judge warned our children, and their children, and their and also a co-sponsor of the ill-fated Na­ Nordwall. And he briskly turned thumbs children. The least we can do is give them tional Forest Timber Supply Act. down on the defendants' "chicken little" ·ap­ something to work with. If you level the Commenting about the forthcoming fall proach-saying "I don't think the sky will forests on the mountainsides, you're not giv­ elections, one local sportsman has remarked fall if there's an adverse ruling . . . one ing these future generations any choice about "It's a lucky thing for the Republican Party little judicial decision is not going to cause their environment. So let us use drastic in Wyoming that the trees can't vote!" a ripple in the mazes of bureaucracy." The caution to preserve all our resources so the Senator McGee's own direct efforts with motion to dismiss was denied. America of the future will have the freedom the Forest Service and Department of Agri­ On January 26, 1970, the East Meadow to choose for itself." culture have fared better-but it has taken Creek suit went to court. The Government­ hard-nosed persistence to get results. When joined by the logging industry-lowered its the Senator first criticized clear-cutting, legal guns and boomed away in support of A GOVERNMENT BY THE PEOPLE Agriculture Secretary Clifford M. Hardin de­ the timber cut. The people of Vail barked nied there was a problem-and curtly im­ back, arguing that the scenic area was es­ plied that McGee and his people ought to sentially wilderness and should be preserved HON. JEROME R. WALDIE as such. shut up. In round two, Hardin was a little OF CALIFORNIA softer and admitted that there might be A turning point in the litigation came some small difficulties, but certainly none when the plaintiffs entered as evidence 12 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES that his trusty foresters couldn't handle. large color photographs of recent clear-cut­ Monday, August 10, 1970 Now round three ls in its waning mo­ ting in the White River National Forest not ments. McGee has asked for a moratorium on far from East Meadow Creek. Mr. WALDIE. Mr. Speaker, in light of clear-cutting in the forests of northwestern Taken by Colorado Magazine !n Septem­ the most recent National crisis of the Wyoming. And he has requested that an Im­ ber, 1969, the pictures showed scene after incursion of American troops into Cam­ partial, outside Blue Ribbon commission ex­ scene of clearcut devastation. Visibly struck bodia, and in light of the Vietnam war amine timbering practices in the state. by these exhibits, Judge Doyle directly ques­ in general, the very real possibility of Hardin has counterpunched with the as­ tioned Regional Forester Nordwall. "Sir," he '8.Sked, "what do you think of this one branch of Government dominating sertion that a stop to clear-cutting would the other two branches of Government be premature. But now the Forest Service timbering practice?" has suddenly reduced all cutting in the Nordwa.11 hesitated, swallowed ha.rd and has emerged. region and announced that a panel of its replied, "Well, Your Honor, this is not a very I would like to direct the attention of good example of proper forestry." the House on a very perceptive and artic­ own experts will spend this summer scur­ The moment was crucial. Thereafter, the rying over the mountain-sides to study the ulate paper written by one of my con­ area. trial moved to a swift conclusion; then Judge Doyle deliberated almost a month before de­ stituents, Miss Tara Bryan of Lafayette, McGee remains unimpressed. "We got this livering his decision. On February 27 it Calif. far by yelling bloody murder at them, be­ came--an indefinite injunction against the The letter, I feel, emphasizes the vital cause they are wrong," he has said-and defendants, ruling that not a tree in the area necessity for us, as Members of the Con­ the Senator is still after a fair shake for can be touched until Congress and the Presi­ gress of the United States, to assert our the forests. The new Forest Service study dent study the area for inclusion in the pro­ panel bothers him-because it was appointed constitutional prerogatives thereby cre­ posed Eagle's Nest Wilderness. ating a strong, effective, and viable with no outside advice, because it contains The East Meadow Creek trial (now gaining no one from Wyoming, and because-as Mc­ fame as "The Great Chicken-Little Case") is branch of the Federal Government as Gee puts it-"it's as if the judge, the jury a dramatic victory for the people who love our forefathers so veraciously intended and the prosecuting attorney were all from their land. Former Secretary of Interior it to be. the same club-the US Forest Service! So Stewart L. Udall praised the injunction, Her remarks follow: we're guaranteed a rigged trial in advance." saying, "Now at long last maybe we will be­ A GOVERNMENT BY THE PEOPLE Senator McGee isn't the only one hammer­ gin to put posterity ahead of prosperity." ing away at the Forest Service. Just recent­ Nationally known environmental lawyer The Legislative branch of the United States ly the common people have gained some Joseph L. Sax observed that "The great Government should have the ultimate role power to smoke the bureaucrats out of their beauty of this suit is that it has forced the in determining our policy in Indo-China. The self-protective dens. Early in 1969, the White bureaucrats to come out from behind the Senate majority feels that they do not have River National Forest in Colorado announced officialdom of their reports and studies, and enough voice in the Indo-China police action. a timber sale in a lush 17 ,000-acre wood­ talk plainly to the people they are hired to As stated in the Constitution of the United land-eight miles north of the world-famed serve." States the President's foreign policy is sub­ ski mecca of Vail on the edge of the Gore And veteran Wyoming conservationist, ject to approval by the Congress. Range-Eagle's Nest Primitive Area. Spar­ Mike Leon, believes that, "Just the threat of The Senate does not have enough voice in kling East Meadow Creek splashes through a suit is going to prevent a lot of senseless the Inda-China war. In March of 1969 the the proposed timber cut sector-long a haven damage." But, he adds, "only the people­ Senate recessed increasingly concerned over for riders, hikers, anglers and hunters. all those who fl.sh, hunt, camp, hike, • • • the Nixon Administration's emerging defense When the Forest Service began advertis­ and enjoy the country-are finally going to policy. There wa.s a general uneasine~n­ ing the East Meadow Creek sale, 12 resi­ save our trees from the Forest Service and forced by the Vietnam war-over Congress's dents of Vall, several conservation groups the lumber barons." diminishing say in the use ·of United States and Colorado Magazine were fast to oppose So the.battle must go on. The Government military forces abroad.1 senator William it. Efforts to discuss the maitter with For­ ia.nd the logging industry have appealed the est Service personnel went nowhere and the East Meadow Creek decision. Colorado Rep- Footnotes at end of article. 28114 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS August 1 O, 1970 Fulbright began a crusade against the execu­ citizens we can only hope that it is not too Mrs. Lowrey is a registered Democrat tive power going unchecked in Indo-China. late to salvage what is left of Indo-China. and has voted in every election since It now seems clear that there must be a FOOTNOTES women have been permitted to vote. She better way than heaping all the troubles of Indo-China on the President's desk. The 1 "congress: Fulbright's Revenge," News­ is still active in the League of Women recognition of this fact has been sped along week, April 14, 1969. p. 38. Voters and the American Association by the country's reaction to the Vietnam war. 2 Tom Wicker. "The Presidency Under of University Women. Although Mrs. This war has brought a feeling of disillusion­ Scrutiny," Harper's, Oct. 1969, vol. 239, No. Lowrey is no longer formally associated 1433, p. 93. ment with the executive powers and the prob­ with a college, she maintains an interest lem seems to have arisen from a liberal over­ •"Congress: Fulbright's Revenge," op. cit. ' "National Commitments Resolution," in the field of education, tutoring reliance on its strength. Johnson acted in youngsters and conducting research 1965 without any genuine Oongressional sanc­ Congress and the Nation, 1965-68, Vol. II, p. tion and against his own promises to the 83. projects for her daughter. populace.2 Because of all the turmoil in the 5 "Congress: Fulbright's Revenge," op. cit. Mr. President, my grandfather and country and the government, Senator Ful­ s Ibid. my father were well acquainted with the bright pulled an old bill out that had been 7 Wicker, op. cit. Searcy family in Arkansas, and I recall BIBLIOGRAPHY shelved in November of 1967.8 The National having heard many favorable references Commitments Resolution, was strongly sup­ 1. "Congress: Fulbright's Revenge," News­ to these earlier Arkansans and -their high ported by the Senate. It, in part, stated that week, April 14, 1969. p. 38. standing in the community. 2. The Constitution of the United States, in future "situations in which the United I States is not already involved, the commit­ Article I; Section 8, Article I, Section 2. extend congratulations and sincere ments of armed forces of the United States 3. "National Commitments," Congress and felicitations to Mrs. Lowrey on the oc­ to hostilities on foreign territory for any the Nation, 1965-68, Vol. II, p. 83-4. casion of her lOlst birthday and hope purpose other than to repel an attack . . . 4. "National Commitments Resolution," she will enjoy many more birthdays in or to protect United States citizens or prop­ Congress and the Nation, 1965-68, Vol. II, the coming years. erty properly will result from a decision p. 83. made ..., in addition to appropriate execu­ 5. The San Francisco Chronicle, Sat., June tive action, require afiirmative action by 27, 1970. YOUTH CONSERVATION CORPS CAN Congress specifically intended to give rise to 6. Wicker, Tom, "The President Under such commitment."' Although this does not Scrutiny," Harper's, Oct. 1969 Vol.' 239, No. ACCOMPLISH MUCH IN IMPROV­ directly pertain to the Indo-Chlna commit­ 1433, p. 92-4. ING OUR NATURAL HERITAGE ment it will most probably allow the legis­ lature more voice in Indo-Chlna as well as future policies. 101ST BffiTHDAY ANNIVERSARY OF HON. FRANK T. BOW The President's foreign policy ls subject to MRS. THEODOSIA SEARCY LOW­ OF OHIO approval by the Congress as it ls stated in REY IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the United States Constitution. This check is designed to prevent a totalitarian govern­ Monday, August 10, 1970 ment and to allow democracy. Our nation is HON. JOHN L. McCLELLAN Mr. BOW. Mr. Speaker, while Congress run by a representative-democracy with our OF ARKANSAS was nearing completion of its work on a Congressmen and Sena.tors as acting medi­ IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES modest pilot program looking toward the atora between the people and the Executive establishment of a Youth Conservation branch of government. When the President Monday, August 10, 1970 acts without consulting the Congress the peo­ Corps, I received from Leo A. M. Bre­ ple are threatened with tyranny or disaster. Mr. McCLELLAN. Mr. President, to­ diger an outline of what might eventu­ The Cambodian involvement angered many day is the birthday of a distinguished ally be accomplished by young people in in the nation because no one knew about its lady who was born in the State of preserving and improving our natural proposal until it was already under way. Arkansas 101 years ago. She is Mrs. heritage. Congress was not aware of the Cambodian Theodo.sia Searcy Lowrey, whose father Mr. Brediger envisions a program in invasion until the people were informed. Many Congressmen were deeply insulted at was James Bryant Searcy, a minister, which all able youngsters ages 10 to 15 not being confided in or consulted with. This educator, and editor. He was co-founder could participate, and his letter, which I 1s why limits must be placed upon the execu­ of Ouachita College in Arkadelphia, wish to off er as part of my remarks, is tive power. The report of the Foreign Rela­ Ark.; first editor and co-owner of the worthy of consideration in the depart­ tions Committee in 1969 warned against the Arkansas Evangel; Arkansas editor of ments responsible for the proposed YCC: "concentration in [the] national executive the Tri-State Baptist Paper; and vice BREDIGER GREENHOUSES & NURSERIES, of unchecked power over ... the disposition president of the Foreign Mission Board 1301 Lincoln Way Northwest, 6 and use of the armed forces," also that a of the Southern Baptist Convention for Massillon, Ohio. "national commitment by the United States Congressman FRANK T . Bow, to a foreign power" can only be made with 7 years. Mrs. Lowrey received her early edu­ 1718 Market Avenue N., "affirmative action ... by the executive and Canton, Ohio. 11 cation in Arkansas and attended Blue legislative branches." It is believed that it HONORABLE SIR: I am a Florist, Nursery­ will be a long time before Congress would Mountain College in Blue Moutain, man, Horticulturist and Naturalist by hob­ again so tamely provide a President with Miss. A year later she married Wil­ by. anything like the Gulf of Tonkin resolution­ liam Tyndale Lowrey, president of the Take all this child delinquency and soil a virtual blank check which went mostly un­ college and son of its founder, Gen. erosion, forest fires, floods, pollution of air challenged in 1964. Vietnam seems to have Mark Parrin Lowrey. and streams and destruction of our wood­ been the ultimate in Presidential power in lands by the ignorant public and school the twentieth century. For the next 45 years, Mrs. Lowrey was first lady in four colleges in Missis­ kids that do not learn to appreciate the The Legislative and Executive Branches of beauty of nature and when our City takes the United States Government have joint sippi-Blue Mountain College, Hillman over a woodland area to make a Park they responsibility and authority to formulate the College, Mississippi College, and Gulf pull out all wild flowers and destroy all foreign policy of the United States. The Viet­ Coast Military Academy. She also was an scenic spots and plant a few petunias and nam war has been escalated and expanded by administrator at Hillman College and call it a wilderness center. the executive powers for the last decade or was an instructor at the others. She re­ All our streams and small rivers are never more with little consultation with the peo­ ceived her B.A. degree at Bl'.le Moun­ cleaned out and rivers are so full of dead ple and their representatives in the legisla­ limbs and rubbish that with a little rain ture. If the war were "won" it would not tain. and at the age of 60 earned her M.A. degree from Mississippi College. they flood their banks. This should be taken be in any sense that can be understood. Un­ up by the Federal Government. Put a boy's der the guidance of President Johnson the Mrs. Lowrey is now living in Green­ corps and a men's corps associated with the war has become a powerful factor in the de­ ville, S.C., with one of her daughters, Army Engineers all boys coming home 'from veloping reaction against Presidential gov­ Miss Sara Lowrey, who is a retired col­ the war and have no job to go to should be ernment.7 The Johnsonian version of mllitary lege professor, lecturer, and author. Her put in the Army Engineers to oversee the commitments in Vietnam made clear the other children are: Capt.

dam.age thus done to the Polish forces was which it proudly boasts even today. It was at a handsome profit. In time, he himself, irreparable, but it availed the enemy nothing. a focus of the great wave of 1mm1grat1on became the owner of a double dwelling and Father Skorupka's missio~ already had been from Europe in the last half of the nine­ three single houses. accomplished. The impetU.S that spelled vic­ teenth century. Mining corporations in the For his family, your Dad selected the little tory already had been given. His gallant war area were avidly seeking laborers to work in residence at 125 Lincoln Street, a. stone's novicee kept on advancing, and though they the pits; some companies even sent agents throw from Holy Ghost Church. It was con­ suffered heavily, every objective planned for to round up the oppressed peasantry, offer veniently located and lent itself a.dmiraibly them by the military authorities was at­ them jobs, and induce their settlement in the to remodeling of the first floor. For by this tained. land of Columbia. time, Joseph Bernait had visions of opening That company of fighters returned from Saris County, in the Carpathian mountains his own butcher shop in America. In 1886 his the firing line tired and sorrowful yet tri­ of Ea.stern Slovakia, had long been under the dream became a reality, and 125 Lincoln umphant. Three hundred of their number heel of the oppressor, and after the death of Street became the site of Bernat's Butcher were either killed or wounded. Their be­ Bishop Stephen Moyses and the decline of ·shop. The family, which by this time had loved spiritual leader and hero was listed the Slovak Academy of Arts and Sciences in five children, lived upstairs. Joseph was the among the dead; and just as in life, on the the eighteen sixties, the doughty Slovaks, eldest, then came John, Andrew, Anna and battlefield, he was seen at the head of his seeking to preserve their religious faith and Mary. All are deceased except Mary who is company, so in death his name shines cultural heritage, began to cast eyes long­ now Mrs. Stephen Stine, who lives in Devon brightly a.t the head of those who sacrificed ingly beyond the seas. America. beckoned, in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania. all for their country. and lmmigrants came in the millions. Hun­ Your Dad's business prospered to such an Just to what extent was Father Skorupka dreds of thousands of them settled in North­ extent that soon he operated his own slaugh­ instrumental in bringing about the defeat of eastern Pennsylvania, including Olyphant. ter house, in the rear of the family residence. the Bolsheviks at the gates of Warsaw fifty Your mother was Susan Basary and she Bernat's Butcher Shop was not just a meat yea.rs ago may always be a. matter of con­ came from the sleepy little village of Chmin­ emporium, but a. place where people congre­ jecture. Military science or a.rt may never anska Nova Ves. The adjoining settlement gated to pass the time of day, discuss politics, credit him with anything more than uncom­ was Jakuboviany, the home of your father, read letters from Europe, and make plans mon bravery. Yet his avowed confidence in Joseph Bernat. But although the villages for organizing social clubs a.nd fraterial so­ God, his indefatigable work among the civil­ were contiguous, strangely enough, your par­ cieties which were to proliferate in the entire ians, as well as among the military units, ents didn't know each other in Europe. Your coal region. followed by a. display of the finest patriot­ mother, accompanied by a cousin named Friday, January 24, 1896 was a. day of bus­ ism and bravery on the battlefield, may well Kroplla.k, settled in Tiger Va.Hey, where she tling activity in the Bernat household. Your have given that impetus which, when once already had relatives who came to the Oly­ Dad told his assistant, John Brehovsky to put in motion, grew steadily stronger until phant section in the eighteen seventies. Your mind the store, while he went upstairs to be its aggregate moral force became irresistible. mother was an excellent cook, having served with your mother. Housewives in the neigh­ in that capacity in the household of a. noble­ borhood ca.me rushing over to lend their man in Europe. Her fa.me must have pre­ assistance, prepare the inevitable pots of ceded her, because when Undertaker Prokop­ boiling water, and lend a. hand to the mid­ THIS IS YOUR LIFE­ ovitsch, who had his funeral parlor next to wife. When the first cry was heard, the news FATHER BERNAT the Slovak Church of the Holy Ghost, heard spread like a prairie fire: "The Berna.ts have of her arrival, he immediately secured her a a baby boy." There was much rejoicing and positron a.s cook in the family of a prominent Dad proudly handed out the cigars, while HON. DANIEL J. FLOOD Olyphant coal baron, where she was em­ preparations went a.pace for your christening. OF PENNSYLVANIA ployed for several years until she met your Mom insisted on the name Michael, after the Dad in 1882. chief Guardian Angel, while Dad, suffused IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Joseph Bernat was a butcher by trade in with the Slovak spirit and heritage, opted Monday, August 10, 1970 the Old Country, and developed a fine local for Cyril, after one of the Slovak Apostles, St. reputation a.s a.n expert in making klobasy Cyril, who with his brother Methodius Mr. FLOOD. Mr. Speaker, on April 19 and curing hams and a variety of other brought Ohristia.nlty to Slovakia in 833. As I was privileged to speak at the testi­ meats, so much in demand by the Slovak usual, there was e. happy compromise, and monial dinner honoring the Rev. Michael people. But he was restless, saw no future in you ca.me to be known formally as Michael C. Bernat, pastor of Sacred Heart his native village, and was willing to give up Oyril Bernat. Church in Wilkes-Barre on the occasion a thriving business to come to America. to You had a happy and carefree boyhood, of the golden jubilee of his ordination to work in the mines, and eke out an existence played with the children of other immigrant free of oppression. families, including those of Irish, Polish, Slo­ the sacred priesthood. I have known this On his arrival in Olyphant, your Dad got a vak, Lithuanian, Ukrainian and Russian dedicated clergyman for many decades as job with the Delaware and Lackawanna Coal origin as well as with some of the children one of the outstanding priests in the en­ Company, first as a common la.borer and of the mine bosses. You were agressive and tire Roman Catholic Diocese of Scranton. then as a miner. He was a peppery little wiry, but not pugnacious, although you An interesting feature of the souvenir fellow, quick to make friends, and must never ran a.way from a. fight. You were espe­ booklet that marked the occasion was a have impressed his superiors beca.use after cially adamant in standing up for your rights, fascinating account of the life and times a few years in the pits he was promoted to and woe to anyone who dared to assail your repairman of coal cars where his mechanical ethnic origin! You felt strongly this was of the Reverend Jubilarian beginning skills, and facility in handling tools, served America, the great Melting Pot, and every­ with the early immigrant days of his him in good stead. one should be judged on his own merits. Slovak forbears in Olyphant. This Life was hard in the coal mining commu­ Mother would whip you when you ca.me trenchant biography is from the pen of a nities, as it was in Olyphant. But the drudg­ home with a. bloody nose, occasionally, but well-known Pennsylvania regional his­ ery of hard labor was frequently relieved by Dad was more understanding and tried to torian, Joseph G. Tomascik of Wilkes­ the numerous weddings and christenings in soothe and sympathize with you realizfng Barre, a fellow-member of the Pennsyl- which the area a.bounded. These were great that you needed to develop self-reliance. . vania and Luzerne County Bar. It is a social events, and sometimes lasted for days . At the age of six you were enrolled in Friends and relatives came from miles Holy Ghost School, which was then staffed veritable microcosm of the great con­ around, from Dunmore and Carbondale, For­ by Sisters of the Immaculate Heart of Mary. tributions of so many ethnic groups that est City and Scranton, to relive their experi­ Do you remember your favorite teacher? She settled in northeastern Pennsylvania ences and talk over old times. was Sister M. Nathaniel, I.H.M., who got you after the Civil. War. At one of these christenings in the early interested in the intricacies of mathematics, Mr. Speaker, I was so moved by this eighties, the unerring aim of Cupid reached a. subject you didn't particularly like be­ biographical account that I thought the its mark. Joseph Bernat and Susan Basary cause baseball beckoned. Many times you other Members of this House would en­ fell in love. Imagine their surprise when they were kept after school due to academic defi­ joy reading it, too, and accordingly I ask learned they hailed from adjoining villages ciencies, but under Sr. Nathaniel's tu ":ela.ge in Saris County, Slovakia.! They were mar­ you improved greatly a.s Sister realized your unanimous consent to have it inserted in ried by Msgr. Zychowicz in Sacred Heart potential and eventually you ca.me to teach the RECORD under Extensions of Remarks. · Church, Scranton, which was to become the trigonometry and were a thoroughgoing THIS Is YOUR LIFE-FATHER BERNAT church presided over by Auxiliary Bishop student. Saris County, Slovakia ls more than three Henry T. Klonowski, your friend and class­ In 1904, the best students were selected thousand miles from the little industrial mate from the University of Scranton. to serve as altar boys in Holy Ghost Church, town of Olyphant in Northeastern Pennsyl­ · Your Dad meanwhile was looking a.round and you were one of this elite group. You vania, yet these two widely separated locali­ for means of supplementing his income as were an acolyte for Fr. Stas and Fr. Mar­ ties on the map were to play significant roles a car repairman. He was aggressive, thrifty, tince'·, for whom you developed great ad­ in your Ute. handy with tools, and soon became a car­ miration and respect. In fact, you were a Settled in 1858, Olyphant was incorporated penter in his spare time. He bought ram­ special favorite of Fr. Stas, who took you in 1877 as a borough and ca.me to be known shackle dwellings and old company houses, under his wing, and it was due in n o small as "Queen of the Mid-Valley," a designation and after making necessary repairs sold th'em measure to him that you determined a.t this 28118 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS August 10, 1970 time to become a Priest. You served as altar College in Lisle, Illinois you were of profes­ where you went to pursue your philosophical boy until you finished elementary school, sional stature and made the Varsity in your studies. You came under the influence of but you didn't hesitate thereafter to serve freshman year. You were a member of the your favorite teacher, Fr. Archambaud, and on your summer vacations from the Semi­ Varsity baseball team for your entire four association with him enabled you to perfect nary. years at college. Remember Fr. Konicek? He your studies, not only in philosophy but also All this time, you were developing into a was your coach, and also taught you Latin in French and other foreign languages. fine athlete and baseball was your forte. You and foreign languages. two of your favorite For your final years of theology you re­ were a good shortstop, but also la.bored to subjects. One day, as you were returning turned to Lisle and entered St. Procopius improve your pitching arm. You were inces­ to the clubhouse s.fter a practice session, he Seminary. Do you remember the telephone santly practising behind the butcher shop said to you: "Mickey, how come you take to call you received from Bishop Hoban of in your back yard, with the capable a£Sist­ Latin so easily?" And you told him how from Scranton, in 1920, a few days before Palm ance of one of the daughters of your father's childhood, you became enamoured of the Sunday? He knew you were coming home for tenants. She was little Stella Miko, a come­ Slovak language, how later you dipped into the Easter holidays, and requested that you ly black-haired girl who was a sna.ppy ball the literature on your own, and took every see him on Monday. You were already a player and a good athlete. She played the opportunity to use it in daily speech with Deacon and on the appointed time went to role of catcher and helped you develop an the many Slovak immigrants in the Mid­ see the good Bishop. He complimented you unerring pitch that served admirably when Valley, adding that the case structure was on your fine scholastic record and said that you went to college. Little Stella, now Sister the same as Latin, and that was why you the people of Dunmore were anxious to have M. Agatha, SS. C.M., has come all the way had a flair for foreign languages. a full time pastor. Up until that time, Dun­ from Chicago to be with you a.t your 5oth You had a fine career at St. Procopius, more was merely a mission church served anniversary of ordination. This has been a with good grades and a wide variety of by the priest in Throop. There was a short­ lifelong friendship that both of you will athletic activity. This seemed natural to you, age of priests, and Bishop Hoban asked if you forever cherish. Incidentally, when the· new as you were grounded from childhood days could accelerate your course work, so that Sacred Heart School building opened in in the Sokol motto: "In a healthy body, a your la.st two years of theology could be com­ Wilkes-Barre in 1925, Sr. Agatha was among healthy mind." Besides Fr. Konicek, your pleted in fifteen months. He said that the the nuns who staffed the institution, and favorite professors were Fr. Cyprian Tome­ Rector of the Seminary, Fr. Neuzil, agreed to instructed the students in calisthenics with chko in chemistry, Fr. Thomas Vopatek, a this arrangement. By dint of severe applica­ dumbells and other forms of exercise. She superb linguist who tutored you in Greek, tion and unusual concentration you finally excelled in physical education and many of completed your theology studies as planned. advanced Latin and Hebrew, and Fr. Hilary On your summer vacations from the her students are present today at your an­ Jurica, in biology, Fr. Hilary was from Chi­ niversary dinner. cago, and you were often invited to his moth­ Seminary you were accustomed to visit Rev. Your studies at Holy Ghost School im­ Joseph Murgas at his cottage at Lake Silk­ proved so immeasurably that you were able er's house for a good Slovak meal, after worth. You long revered and admired this to complete the eight grades in seven years, attending a baseball game in Wrigley Priest-Scientist and never lost an oppor­ much to the consternation of your sister Stadium. tunity to be with him whenever possible. He Mary and her friend, Mary Jakubov. They Will you ever forget what happened at loved to fish in the nighttime, and it was your were a little jealous that you were able to your graduation from St. Procopius in June custom to supply him with bait, row him catch up to them in school, and frequently 1915? After the ceremonies, a messenger out on the lake and join in the angling sport. taunted you. Mary Jakubov was to become came to tell you that Charlie Commiskey Little did you dream that you'd ever be his Rev. Mother Pius, SS. C. M. You also remem­ wanted to see you. This was none other than curate, much less succeed to the pastorate ber fondly her little sister, Annie Jakubov, the owner of the Chicago White Sox. Your he occupied in Wilkes-Barre. now Sr. M. Philomena, SS. C. M. who began fame as a baseball player was often talked Finally, the great day in your life came on first grade a.bout the time you left Holy about in the White Sox dugout. Unknown to Sunday, July 18, 1920, when Bishop Hoban Ghost School. The Jakubov and Bernat fam- you, you had been scouted for over a year ordained you to the Sacred Ministry in St. 1lies were neighbors and great friends. thanks to Chick Shorten and Finners Quin­ Peter's Cathedral at Scranton. You were im­ In 1910 you entered the High School Di­ lan, two White Sox players who hailed from mediately assigned as curate to Father Mur­ vision of st. Thomas College, now the Uni­ Minooka, and whom you knew from the gas in Wilkes-Barre where you remained for versity of Scranton, which was staffed at the days you played against them when you were one month. By Labor Day, you were installed time by the Brothers of the Ohristian with the Olyphant Royals. Besides Shorten as pastor of the parish of All Saints in Dun­ Schools. Remember Brother George? He was and Quinlan, you played against "Minooka more where you remained until 1929. your favorite instructor. Your many, long Mike" McNally and Steve O'Neil, remember? These were fruitful years and you plung­ conversations and extended discussions with At any rate, Charlie Commiskey stood in the ed with great vigor and enthusiasm into him confirmed your determination to join reception room of your dormitory, accom­ your work as Shepherd of Souls, adviser, the Ministry and served to develop in you panied by his beautiful daughter, possibly to builder, teacher and administrator. The a passionate love of learning. supply motivation, and offered to sign you parish as yet had no rectory, and in the in­ Meanwhile you were becoming more use­ up as a White Sox regular for the magnificient terim you slept in the basement of the ful to your father in the butcher shop. Your sum of $3,500 per annum. That was a church, and when it was cold you snuggled up father had a walk-in icebox from which princely salary in those days, and at first you to th~ furnace. In the winter months, you you would take the packages of meat ordered were tempted to accept, especially after stayed with the Pavel family a block away earlier in the week by his customers, and seeing his beautiful daughter, but you never from the church. You were responsible for deliver them over the week-end. Your older forgot your determination to become a Priest. the priestly vocation of one of the Pavel sons. brother Andy would do that on Fridays, while Besides, you were preparing to go to Semi­ Meanwhile you supervised the completion of your chores were performed on Saturdays, nary for further studies, so you politely de­ the rectory, and on December 23, 1920, it be­ when there was no school. You got to know clined the offer to become a professional came your new home. all the people in the neighborhood as you baseball player and turned down the chance Within five years you drafted plans for a performed your numerous ohores. Remember to join your erstwhile colleagues like Andy recreational center for the young people of the families to whom you made deliveries? Miko (Stella's brother), Mike "Gazook" Ga­ the parish. This building was completed in They were the Glinskys, Ja.kubovs, Nova­ zelle, who went to the New York Yankees and 1925 behind the church edifice, and still jovskys, Prokopovitsches, Mikos, Nudelmans, Joe Schaute who pitched for the Cleveland stands as a monument to your concern for Nalevankos, and the family of your Jewish Incllains in 1914-1915. It was Schautes' sister, youth. In due time it came to be the social merchant-friend Sigmond Spitz, in whose Mary, incidentally, who later bought the center of Dunmore, and was the scene of clothing store you were outfitted with your Bernat homestead after you prevailed upon weddings, socials, dances and athletic games. first long-pants suit. You were also not your father to give up the butcher business You even founded a Glee Club and in­ averse to helping your father carry into the in 1918. Members of the Schaute family spired the young people of the parish to be­ ice box, the sides of beef brought to the still live in your old residence at 125 Lincoln come interested in Slovak folk music. You store in meat wagons from various packers. Street. persuaded Margaret Fedor, a popular and Carrying sides of beef developed your mus­ You were now almost twenty years of age well-known music teacher in the publlc cles, much like carrying lee blocks did for and quite a fashion plate. Your friend, Joe schools of the area., to serve as director of the Red Grange, the football star of a later era. Miko, another brother of your former sidekick group. The concerts of the Glee Club held Meanwhile, you never gave up baseball. catcher, Stella, had earned a wide reputation periodically in the parish recreational hall, The sandlots of Lackawanna County abound­ in the Olyphant area as an excellent tailor. were invariably sellouts, and the success of ed in ball games. Especially at Grassy Island It became fashionable for the young dudes in this endeavor assured the continued viability or Soldier's Field, there was always some Olyphant to eschew store clothes and go in of the parish as a whole. Miss Fedor, who later atllletic activity in which you welcomed the for custom fittings. Like the other young men became Mrs. Gillespie, is now the choir di­ chance to take part. Somebody gave you the in the town, you too made a bee line for rector of Holy Family Church in Scranton. monicker "Butch" and it was as "Butch Joe's tailor shop when he became established, In 1922 you organized the All Saints Band, Bernat" that your fame as a ballplayer and thereafter your suits were custom ma.de staffed mostly by members of the Dunmore spread throughout Lackawanna County, and always reflected the fine thread and Parish, supplemented by musicians of the especially Olyphant and its environs. needle a.rt of Joe Miko. surrounding towns. You secured the services You came to develop such athletic prowess In September 1915, you were enrolled as a of Mr. Jacob L. Small, a music teacher from that by the time you entered St. Procopius student in Montreal at Grand Seminary Wilkes-Barre to serve as director. Do you re- August 10, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 28119 member the Corpus Christi parade in Scran­ And all of this time you kept on teaching, the National Commandant for your patri­ ton in 1925? It was a proud moment when for you realized that learning never stops. otic endeavors. you served as parade marshal, at the behest While in Dunmore you started conducting In 1930 a nucleus of your students in the of Bishop Hoban, and marched at the head courses in the Slovak language and literature University of Scranton approached you for of the band on Lackawanna Avenue, attired at the University of Scranton. In Ashley you assistance in organizing a group of young in a black satin-faced frock coat with a high expanded this undertaking and continued business and professional women. Helen silk hat. The band was the hit of the day, giving courses that attmcted students from Ridzon, Mary Cooper and Mary Sterbinsky and gave the event an unm.istakable elan all parts of Northeastern Pennsylvania. of Kingston were the sparkplugs in this that made the parishioners of All Saints Judge Selecky came from Glen Lyon, Judge move, and when you loaned your organizing Church proud of their energetic and talented Sirotnak from Throop, Peter Jurchak and talents the Slovak Catholic Woman's Club pastor. Stephen Tkach from Dallas, Fr. Super from of Wyoming Valley came on the local scene, In addition to your priestly duties, you took Pittston, and there were scores of others from and has continued to play a vital role in the on the role of educator among young men in Taylor, Scranton, Oylphant and Wilkes­ civic, charitable and social life of North­ your parish who had the potential for be­ Barre, including teachers and business peo­ eastern Pennsylvania for the past 40 years. coming pries-ts. Andrew Klobusicky was a ple like Helen Ridzon, Mary Cooper and You continued your faithful service in bookkeeper with the Pennsylvania Coal Com­ Mary Sterbinsky from Wyoming Valley. Ashley until 1955, when, because of the pany, and though he had beautiful penman­ Meanwhile your interest in fraternalism death of Msgr. John Sobota, there were ship, his formal education stopped at the never left you. In 1927 in Dunmore you were many pastoral changes and you were as­ eighth grade. You tutored him in Latin host pastor to the national convention of signed to Sacred Heart Parish in Wilkes­ and Algebra, and saw him off to the Seminary. the Slovak Catholic Federation of America, Barre. You were now installed at the age He later became Fr. Klobustcky and at the little realizing that thirty-seven years later, of 60 as mediate successor to your idol, time of his death was pastor of Holy Trinity while stationed in Wilkes-Barre, you would Father Murgas. The parish had a large school Church in Swoyersville. Your friend Johnny again be host pastor to a much larger con­ and a famed reading and psychology clinic, Dzurko and his cousin "Lefty" Dzurko were vention of the same organization when it met and you were determined to assure the main­ two coal miners to whom you gave many to commemorate the eleventh centennial of tenance of high standards. You immediately private lessons to enable them to embark on SS. Cyril and Methodius, Apostles to the refurbished the school and convent, spon­ higher education. Johnny became Fr. John Slovak people. This event was marked by sored a Boy Scout Troop and organized a Dzurko, now pastor of St. Joseph's Church one of the largest banquets held in Wilkes­ Biddy Basketball League. And while you no on the Heights in Wilkes-Barre. Another of Barre, when 834 persons literally jammed the longer could personally engage in some of your favorites was John Tomasko who worked dining facilities of the Host Motel. Presi­ these sports yourself, you gladly acted as as a mechanic in the Scranton plant of Ford dent Kennedy sent you a special telegram coach and moderator. Moreover, you added Motor Company. You prepared him for higher of greetings and good Wishes. Remember? innovation in parish facilities, when you studies in Innsbruck, Austria where he was In your diversified work, you were always built a new outdoor swimming pool in the eventually ordained to the Holy Priesthood. first a pastor, but you were never just paro­ parish park in Dallas, one of the few such He later became one of your curates and chial. You expanded your horizons and took facilities in the area. The parish cemetery died at the age of 62 as pastor of St. Michael's an active interest in civic affairs. You re­ in Dallas also received your attention with Church in Forest City. vitalized societies and were yourself a mem­ the result that your parishioners can boast Through your entire priestly oareer, you ber and convention delegate of more than of one of the most attractive and dignified were directly responsible for the vocations half a score. You served as Supreme Cha.p­ burial grounds in the Diocese. of 20 priests and 22 members of the various lain and President of the Appellate Tri­ All of the above factual material is an Sisterhoods, a remarkable and praiseworthy bunal of the Pennsylvania. Slovak Union, account merely of the outline of your career. record of sacrifice, patience, industry and and you were elected national chaplain of Cold print can never reflect the warm friend­ sustained enthusiasm for noble work in the the Slovak Catholic Falcons. You became ships you made, the enthusiasm you com­ Vineyard of the Lord. active in the Elks and the Knights of Colum­ municated to those who were dis.heartened. In the Spring of 1929, Father Murga.s, your bus. and discouraged, the spark of life you be­ friend and idol, and a great leader of the stowed on the faltering, the upshoring you But all the while, you kept up your in­ provided for disintegrating societies and. Slovak people who received world-wide recog­ terest in academic work. You excelled as a nition for his contributions to Wireless teleg­ groups, the lift you gave to the downtrod­ linguist· and translator, and With the late den, the encouragement you lavishly gave­ raphy, died in the bosom of the Lord after Msgr. John Puskar you translated into Slo­ 33 years of pastoral work in Wilkes-Barre. to the sick and the infirm. These are all vak, Father Steadman's "My Sunday Mis­ things of the spirit, intangible, yet very As a result of pastoral changes, you were as­ sal," and the Rev. Joseph J. Baierl's work signed to Holy Rosary Parish in Ashley, where real. So as you reach the milei;;tone of fifty "Mirror of confession and Communion For years of service in the Vineyard of the Lord. you spent twenty-six years, more than half Children," not to mention at lea.st six prayer of your priestly career. As befitted a vigorous those who love you for yourself, admire you young pastor, you summoned your vast or­ booklets and liturgical works. The late Pope for your accomplishments, and are grateful ganizing talents to help reduce the enormous Pius XI, conferred on you a special citation for your many benefactions, rise up proudly debt with which the parish was saddled since for valuable aid rendered in the publication and proclaim: "Well done, thou good and the erection of the new church edifice in of the New Catholic Dictionary. faithful servant." Ad Multo Annas! 1925. You were steeped in Slovak history and In spite of the Depression years and Wide­ literature and you longed to visit the home spread unemployment, you persevwed daunt­ of your ancestors in Slovakia.. That occasion came in the summer of 1925, when, armed lessly, held your parishioners together, or­ O'DONNELL'S INSULT TO J. F. K. ganized clubs and erected baseball fields and With a letter of introduction to authorities tennis courts on 25 acres of land leased at the Vatican from Bishop Hoban, you set from the Glen Alden Coal Compa.ny, near sail on the SS Belgenland for Europe and HON. ROBERT ff. MICHEL the present Ashley by-pass, for one dollar the Grand Tour. You visited not only the per year. You organized athletic teams and birthplace of your parents, but traveled OF ILLINOIS many of these were of championship quality. through France, Engla.nd, Switzerland and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Italy where the highlight of your trip was You transformed the old church building Monday, August 10, 1970 into a bowling center, and provided meet­ a private audience With the Holy Father. ing rooms for lOdges and various social events. You worked unceasingly in Ashley at your Mr. MICHEL. Mr. Speaker, one of our Being a superb athlete you didn't hesitate in pastoral, civic and fraternal duties, but the leading national magazines last week partaking of these games yourself, in addi­ years were taking their toll and by the carried an excerpt from a book written by tion to acting as coach and adviser. time of Pearl Harbor in 1941 you were so an aide to the late President Kennedy In spite of your varied, and often fatiguing 111 that an operation became necessary. Hap­ alleging that President Kennedy planned pastoral duties, you found time for dramatics pily you recovered in time, but your base­ and theatrical groups. You translated and ball and strenuous athletic days were num­ to get out of Vietnam in 1965 regardless. produced extravaganzas like "St. Bernadette bered. Your physician limited you to golf of the circumstances at that time. of Lourdes," and "Victim of the Seal of Con­ and only moderate exercises. You began to To say the least, this article has re­ fession." Proceeds of these productions went pace yourself and came through in fine style, sulted in a rash of skeptical statements. a long way in reducing the debts of the vari­ becoming quite a golfer on the links of the the most noteworthy coming from Vice ous parishes in which you served. In Ash­ Wyoming Valley Country Club. After World War II you became actively President AGNEW and our own leader ley you translated into Slovak a dramatic here in the House, Congressman JERRY work, "The Passion Play," and organized a interested in the Catholic War Veterans. You bilingual repertory company based on the were the prime mover in organizing Holy FORD. Even national columnist Carl Oberammergau presentation, for its produc­ Rosary Post No. 274, perhaps the most ac­ Rowan, who served in the Kennedy ad­ tion in Wilkes-Barre, Scranton and Hazelton. tive veterans' organization in Wyoming Val­ ministration, made the Point that the You communicated to the youth of your ley. You have continued to serve as Modera­ article actually placed the late President parish a new vigor and fresh enthusiasm tor from the time the Post was organized. in a very poor light, which was hardly the that wns the envy of your brother clergymen. In 1964 you received a special citation from intention of the author. 28120 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS August 10, 1970 In any event, an editorial appearing in conclusions were very similar to those half century, through r:adio and television the August 5, 1970, edition of the Peoria drawn by Mr. Bernays in the accompany­ gave many people around the world instanta­ Journal Star raised some interesting ing article. neous perception of life in other places. Events were brought to the eyes and ears, points as to the reasons and motivations I hope that my colleagues will find the hearts and minds of millions previously un­ for the article and, indeed, the book from following article of interest: exposed to them. which the article was taken. I insert the THE SLIGHTLY HOARSE VOICE OF THE U.S. IN­ With the communications revolution came editorial in the RECORD at this point: FORMATION AGENCY an information explosion. With an expand­ O 'DONNELL'S INSULT TO J. F. K. (By Edward L. Bernays) ing sense of the world around them, people read more, became more interested in the The present "revelations" of Kenny O'Don­ (An urgent call for new directions and new nell, running ha.rd to win the governorship of dimensions for this important instrument world. Greater curosity provided millions of Massachusetts, that John F. Kennedy was additiona l readers and viewers for public of public diplomacy) diplomacy. shocked in 1961 and planned to "get out of The testimony of experts at a House For­ Vietnam" then, fits the political dialogue of The Unit ed States first practiced public eign Affairs Subcommittee hearing 18 diplomacy formally in World War I. The 1970 very well. months ago to explore the future of United It doesn't fit the realities of 1961, 1962, and United States Committee on Public Informa­ States public diplomacy produced the dis­ tion under George Creel, of which I was a 1963 worth a hoot, however. In the light of heartening disclosure that the reputation of actual events, it makes no sense at all and is staff member, was given this task. President the United States was at its lowest point in Woodrow Wilson and the Committee were an insult to Kennedy's memory. the last 50 year3. It was President John F. Kennedy who handicapped by slowness of communication, In a. worldwide survey I made and reported the non-existence of social scientists who went up and down the land condemning the to the subcommittee, I found that people doctrine of "mass retaliation" and "brink­ could be depended on for guidance. The im­ had lost faith in the abllity of the United portant work of such social scientists on in­ manship" in the Eisenhower administ ration, States to lead the free world. Public opinion and calling for the necessity of building "con­ ternational political communications as Har­ studies of George Gallup Jr. and Lloyd Free, old Lasswell of Yale, David McClelland of ventional strike forces" to fight "brush fire also reported at the time, disclosed ambival­ wars" instead. Harvard and W. Phlllips Davidson of Co­ ence towards the United States. People de­ lumbia was stlll in the future. It was President John F. Kennedy who plored happenings in the United States. But invented and brought into existence those Attempts at public diplomacy were prim­ they admired our strength, idealism and gen­ itive, compared to today's resources. Yet the two special personal pet creations-the Peace erosity, the desire of our people to do good Corps and the Green Berets. United States Committee on Public Infor­ and our scientific and cultural contributions. mat ion brought the words of President Wil­ It was President John F. Kennedy who The assassinations of President John F. steadily raised the levels during his presi­ son and his war to end all wars and to make Kennedy, Senator Robert Kennedy and the the world safe for democracy over the heads dency from a mere 400 advisor-trainers and Reverend Martin Luther King, Jr., and the technicians under Ike to almost 20,000 men. of emperors and kings to the people. Despite Vietnam war depleted the reservoir of good­ handicaps, historians at the end of World It was President Kennedy who presided wm towards the United States. All over the over the creation of "conventional strike war I wrote that words won the war. world, people were shocked and disheartened After world War I, the arm of the govern­ forces" and their development, and who at what they believed was the shattering of shortly before his death earmarked the first ment that had so tentatively but effectively the American dream. carried on public diplomacy was abolished. full combat division for preparation to go to A more recent survey abroad by Gallup in­ Vietnam. Activity in this general area from 1919 to It was President Kennedy and his group in dicates that our troop withdrawals from Vi­ 1953 in the State Department, passed etnam, somewhat reduced violence in the through many vicissitudes. In 1953 the Smith the last year of his administration who en­ United States, the moon landing and the So­ gineered the military coup and the destruc­ Mundt a.ct, calling for an independent agen­ tion of Diem that brought "their own boys" viet invasion of Czechoslovakia have some­ cy for public diplomacy, created the United to power in Saigon-a process made crystal what bettered the reputation of the United States Information Agency. In that early clear and openly reported before Diem's States globally, "not dramatically, but de­ Cold War period it emphasized counter-com­ actual downfall and assassination. cisively." munist propaganda. Most non-communist That was our most blatant and brutal in­ In a more peaceful and stable world, there countries believed that monolithic commu­ tervention in the internal affairs of South might be less urgency in meeting this crisis nism intended to take over the world. Vietnam in its entire history. It was not the 1n international understanding. We have Accelerating impact of the communica­ act of a. disinterested administration, plan­ neither world peace nor stabllity today. Our tions revolution, rising expectation of people ing to "get out." present status in world opinion demands im­ everywhere, unsettled world conditions in­ Those are the uncompromising physical mediate action. Fantasies and illusions, prej­ duced ea.ch succeeding administration to con­ historical facts. udices and distortions must not be permitted tinue public diplomacy lest we become the If President Kennedy did all these things to dominate attitudes of other people towards victims of the imbalanced viewpoints of our while holding a. conviction that we didn't us. neighbors. The United States Information belong there, that we ought to get out, and THE UNITED STATES FmST PRACTICED PUBLIC Agency continued to function. that this whole course of action was dead DIPLOMACY FORMALLY IN WORLD WAR I, AND Our instrument of public diplomacy, the wrong, he was a criminal. BROUGHT THE WORDS OF PRESIDENT wn.soN USIA, today is a huge organization, head­ If he did these things against conscience TO THE WORLD quartered in Washington. Its global staff of over eleven thousand tells the United States and conviction simply because he thought it A new powerful instrumentality ls avail­ would be helpful in the next election, and story to the rest of the world. It telecasts able to help achieve our goals of interna­ programs to over 90 countries. Its 104 trans­ after re-election he planned to reverse the tional understanding-public diplomacy. policy, he was a ruthless, murderous mit ters of the Voice of America beam over Public diplomacy alms to affect the relations 1000 broadcasts in 36 languages via. short and trickster. of the people of one nation to another We don't believe it. medium wave. It uses movies, books, printed through the mass media and other channels matter and other media. It directs cultural of open communication. Previously, secret activities through overseas missions and diplomacy, carried on by diplomats behind bl-national centers, operates 200 overseas closed doors, dominated relations between libraries and reading program and supervises NEW LOOK AT USIA NEEDED one nation and another. Now publics every­ United St ates participation 1n international where have their say in helping determine affairs and exhibitions. It conducts public foreign policy decisions. Public opinion ex­ opinion researches overseas and assesses for HON. ROBERT TAFT, JR. presses itself in public pressure to bring other depart ments of government the effect OF OHIO about the action it wants. overseas of present and proposed policies. We Governments now deal with other peoples IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES taxpayers will, according to President Nixon's through public diplomacy. The world has recent budget figures, pay $194,917,000 for Monday, August 10, 1970 become a room and a. whisper is conveyed to the United States Information Agency next Mr. TAFT. Mr. Speaker, Mr. Edward its far corners. The nations of the world have year. acted on this reality. They practice public Unfortunately the promise of the agency L. Bernays, in an article published in diplomacy. has not been fulfilled. It is ineffi.cient and in­ yesterday's Boston Sunday Globe, calls Public diplomacy is of increasing impor­ effective. The Agency over the last years has again for a new look at the U.S. Infor­ tance to us as a na tlon for several reasons. been evaluated by Congressional authorities, mation Agency and the direction in which Governments all over the world have recog­ by the United States Advisory Commission it is going. He is not alone in his desire nized that attitudes of one people towards on Information, the watchdog agency set up to see USIA's operations revamped and another may rest on distortion, ignorance, by Congress, by scholars and by voluntary :prejudice or other false assumptions. If criti­ groups, such as the Emergency Committee redirected. cal situations arose between our country and Last summer, at my request, my ad­ for a. Reappraisa1 of United States Informa­ other countries, we might find that fantasy tion Policies and Programs •. of which I am ministrative assistant, Mr. Ron Aaron and musion of its people governed their at­ chairma.n. Eisenberg, prepared a report on USIA titudes and actions toward us. On October 22, 1969, at the Overseas Press activities in several European cities. His The communications revolution of the last Club of New York under the auspices of the August 10, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 28121 Overseas Press Club Foundation and our The Agency today functions without pro­ operation of the United States programs and Emergency Conunittee, an all day session of fessional knowledge of the art and science activities in the field of foreign relations. experts presented the case for a reappraisal of communication or the culture patterns The commission is to consist of twelve of the Agency. of target areas. In the use it makes of them, members, eight of whom are not government Some deficiencies of the Agency brought social sciences might as well not exist. The offi:cials and to ·be appointed by the President: to light: The Agency puts too much empha­ USIA functions on a horse and buggy basis two Senate members appointed by the Presi­ sis on words and too little on policy. It func­ in a jet age. Only a fraction of what is nec­ dent of the Senate and two representatives tions as a huge mimeograph machine. Ches­ essary is spent for public opinion research appointed by the Speaker of the House. The ter Bowles once said, "A good information to ensure that the message is geared to its appropriation is for $500,000. policy can aid a positive policy, but cannot prospective audience. Dean Gerhart D. This Resolution, number 157, deserves the assist a mistaken one." Our foreign policy Wiebe of the Boston University School of support of forward looking Americans. It begins at home in domestic policy and action. Public Communication said bluntly of the should bring about the results the country After news is transmitted a.broad, a civil Agency: "It talks too much a.nd listens too needs. The proposed Commission should rights riot in the South becomes a pa.rt of little." focus public opinion on the failings of the our international relations. The experts' conclusions show indisput­ present USIA and its deficiencies and should The Agency since its creation has had con­ ably that the United States Information recommend a. new setup. The close associa­ tinuing problems of administration, pro­ Agency urgently needs new directions, new tion of the President with the Commission gramming, personnel, news distribution, dimensions, new duties and new emphases. should assure that at long last the culture public opinion research and of assurance of The Agency can only begin to fulfill its role time lag we have been suffering from ls receiving adequate continuing support. After after a clear redefinition of its objectives, its eliminated. Then the USIA can function pro­ some fifty years, seventeen of them of in­ current needs and a thorough overhauling fessionally and efficiently in the field of pub­ dependent existence, no fundamental oper­ of operations. The Agency should participate lic diplomacy to improve our international ation assumptions a.nd no defined objectives fully in formulation of foreign policy. It relations and increase trust and understand­ prevail. should cooperate with social scientists in ing between the United States and the rest THE USIA URGENTLY NEEDS NEW DIRECTIONS, working out its strategy which should serve of the world. NEW DIMENSIONS, NEW DUTIES, AND NEW as a basis for its tactics. EMPHASES In its new mission, greater emphasis must be placed on personal contacts of the Neither the public nor the members of Agency's staff, on effective liaison with other A BILL TO NAME THE WEST BRANCH Congress, with exceptions, of course, under­ government departments, on much more RESERVOm IN OHIO IN HONOR OF stand clearly how vital a role the Agency public opinion research abroad and more use THE LATE MICHAEL J. KffiWAN could and should play in international rela­ of available research. A stable budget a.nd tions. better personnel training are needed. And The enabling act creating the Agency, of course, a qualified professional should HON. FRANK T. BOW which prohibits it from carrying on activi­ head the Agency. ties aimed a.t the American public, may be oF omo Public diplomacy is fraught with many IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES partly to blame. The lawmakers rightfully hazards. We must tap the social sciences. believed that a domestic program might be We know one people views another simplis­ Monday, August 10, 1970 a danger to the country. The example of tically. False stereotypes often dominate atti­ Goebbels propaganda in Hitler Germany was tudes. The media in one country tend to em­ Mr. BOW. Mr. Speaker, I am intro­ still fresh in their minds. With a Congress phasize stereotypes to their constituences. ducing today a bill to name the West and public uninformed and a.pathetic, the Effective international political communica­ Branch Reservoir in Ohio in honor of our Agency's objectives, budgetary needs, the tion requires special knowledge and skill. A late and beloved colleague, Michael J. quallfications its director remain serious one-way mimeograph operation may have Kirwan. questions, unasked and unanswered. the opposite effect intended. Overseas in­ The Agency lives below the surface of This project, the latest to be com­ formation programs some years a.go, without pleted specifically to serve his congres­ public visibility. Without overt public sup­ benefit of public opinion research, bragged port it is weakened and functions as if in a about our electric refrigerators a.nd vacuum sional district, would become the Michael vacuum. cleaners a.nd created envy instead of good­ J. Kirwan Dam and Reservoir. Sometimes the Agency's fear Of Congres­ I do not need to tell anyone in this sional criticism has diluted its program. The will. Recommendations for a thorough going House about our late colleague's devo­ Agency ls stlll mindful of the Joseph McCar­ tion to the development of the water re­ thy period, when unjustified attacks upon reappraisal of the Agency by a Presidential it raised havoc in its overseas and domestic Commission have come from responsible sources of the United States. Virtually officers. And too many agencies interfere knowledgeable quarters: the Subcommittee any dam, lock, flood control, or irrigation with the USIA, the State Department, the on International Movements and Organiza­ structure in the country migh' well bear Pentagon and Congress itself. tions of the House Foreign Affairs Committee his name, for he had a part in the devel­ Under these conditions, the Agency func­ cha.ired by Congressman Dante B. Fascell, the opment of all of them during the past tions as a holding operation, often merely United States Advisory Commission on In­ two decades. to advance the party in power. formation, the watchdog commission, cha.ired by Frank Stanton, president of the Columbia The project that I propose to rename The goals of the USIA have never been de­ Broadcasting System. In their last report in his memory was authorized in 1958 and fined on a long range basis. Each Of the seven Agency directors in the past seventeen they said, "How are the two hundred milllon construction began in 1962. The dedica­ years has defined his goals or the President of us to assure the thirty-three hundred mil­ tion was held on October 20, 1968, with has done it for him. None today knows what lion of them that we are on the right path Mr. Kirwan present for the ceremonies. its future goals are. Are they to promote the and that it is wide enough for all to travel? West Branch and projects like it were flow of ideas about the United States to the "Eventually if not now, it must be through conceived as antipollution projects long world, to support current United States for­ knowing each other, then trusting each other. before pollution became the battlecry of eign policy? Are they to further goodwill for And if eventually, why not now?" Numerous newspapers: the McClatchy the people and press of the United States. the United States, to provide counsel on pub­ A principal purpose of West Branch is to llc relations to the United States on for­ newspapers of California, the New York Daily eign 'policy? Or are they to further the inter­ News, the Los Angeles Times have editorially store water for low-flow augmentation. ests of the United States with the rest of supported this reappraisal. Working in tandem with other similar the world or to balance distortions oi atti­ Congressmen have introduced bills in the reservoirs in the watershed, this reser­ tudes to this country or to counter anti­ House calling for a reappraisal by a biparti­ voir supplies the water needed to carry U.S. propaganda? And what a.re the priori­ san Presidential Commission, among them off industrial waste and red11ce water ties and the relative importance of each of Dante B. Fa.seen (Fla.), John A. Anderson temperatures at times when normal river these? (Ill.), Robert Taft, Jr. (0.), J. Glenn Beall, flow is low. -Probably as a result of public apathy, the Jr. (Mo.), Daniel Button (N.Y.), Howard Agency's directors picked for the job have Pollack (Alaska), George Andrews (Ala.), and A copurpose of this and the other res­ not possessed the qualifications they should Samuel N. Friedel (Md.). But because of ervoirs is flood control in the Mahoning have for this highly professional assignment. public apathy these bills have languished. and Ohio River Basins. The comprehen­ They were chosen because they were cronies In the United States Sell'ate, Joint Senate sive system of dams which Mr. Kirwan of the President, able to get along with Con­ Resolution 157 was introduced by the chair­ did so much to create has reduced sub­ gress, paid off political debts, were well man of the Foreign Relations Committee, J. stantially the damage done during pe­ known. The position requires someone who William Fulbright, and ls now pending. It riods of flooding and will continue to pro­ is a social scientist, student of world history. calls for a Commission to Study Organiza­ vide these benefits to the people of our social psychologist, professional persuader, tional Reforms in the Department of State, practitioner in the art and science of com­ the Agency for International Developmexit area for generations to come. munication a.nd administrator. Today's di­ and the United States Information Agency The dam is an earth-fill structure, rector does not have all the requisite and to recommend. the most efficient and 9,900 feet long with a maximum height quallflcations. effective means for the administration and -of 83 feet above 'stream bed. The reser- 28122 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS August 10, 1970 voir has a total storage capacity of VIETNAM WINDOW DRESSING there is room for maneuver around the 78,700 acre-feet covering 2,650 acres deadlock. It is possible, for instance, to during normal summer seasons. change the Saigon government now by I sincerely hope that this legislation HON. JONATHAN B. BINGHAM bringing into the Thieu regime persons OF NEW YORK eager for a compromise settlement. But Presi­ may be considered in the near future. dent Nixon, in his Wednesday telecast, in­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES dicated that any change in Saigon would Monday, August 10, 1970 be left "up to them." And President Thieu has recently been making it very clear that Mr. BINGHAM. Mr. Speaker, in the he wants no part of any change. judgment of most experts on Vietnam, As to troop withdrawal, the other side the war there cannot be ended by total might accept an informal arrangement THE AGRICULTURAL ACT OF 1970 victory for one side and total defeat for whereby its military actions would be scaled the other. Yet President Thieu obviously down, provided the United States also sea.led will continue to press for that result just down its actions and accepted the principle HON. ED JONES of total withdrawal. But the President in­ OF TENNESSEE as long as the United States makes it sisted Wednesday on a formal agreement for IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES possible for him to do so. And President mutual troop withdrawals. And he refused to Nixon seems unwilling to cross Presi­ concede the principle of total American with­ Monday, August 10, 1970 dent Thieu. This leaves us with no hope drawal by some specific date. Mr. JONES of Tennessee. Mr. Speaker, of a peaceful settlement. Meanwhile, the The logic behind these adamant stands killing goes on, week after week. is not much in doubt. Mr Nixon and his although the Agricultural Act of 1970 Under these circumstances, the ap­ chief foreign policy aide, Henry Kissinger, which passed the House last week was pointment of Ambassador Bruce, admir­ have long argued that the other side could not all I had hoped it would be, I am be brought to change its negotiating posi­ pleased tha,t a majority of the Members able a diplomat as he is, to the Paris tion under military pressure. The President talks is nothing more than window dress­ seems to believe that the oambodian opera­ of this body saw fit to support the Agri­ ing. culture Committee's recommendations. I tion has put him in a commanding posi­ I include herewith a column on this tion of strength. Indeed, in his telecast he had hoped that our Nation's farmers subject written by the able and percep­ unblushingly likened the Cambodian op­ would receive a better program, but con­ tive columnist, Joseph Kraft. This col­ eration to such decisive turning point s in sidering the temper of the times and umn, which appeared in the Washington World War II as St alingrad and the Nor­ mood of Congress, I do not see how a Post for July 5, was written even before mandy landings. better bill could have been passed. What this means is that Mr. Nixon is The Committee on Agriculture worked President Nixon's recent statement that looking for a settlement that leaves the Sai­ long and hard and engaged in many he would oppose not only an imposed gon regime in control. He is r..sk'ing for what coalition government in South Vietnam amounts to capitulation. hours of agonizing debate before agree­ but a negotiated one. Maybe he will get it--in which case he ing on the provisions of this bill. As a The column follows: will have scored a truly rare triumph. But member of that committee, I know that the leaders of North Vietnam have shown every sentence, almost every phrase, of VIETNAM WINDOW DRESSING themselves to be hard, mean, brutal and this bill was the subject of very careful (By Joseph Kraft) fanatical men. They have never yielded in consideration if not controversy. This President Nixon has scored an undoubted the past without getting major concessions painstaking labor took place over a pe­ coup in bagging David Bruce as his negotia­ in return. They must now see rich military riod of 19 months, during which the com­ tor at the Paris peace talks. ::aut negotiating pickings opening up in Cambodia and in the out of Vietnam requires a new formula as northern parts of South Vietnam. So the mittee held some 130 open meetings, well as a new negotiator. prospect is not that they will roll over and hearings, and executive sessions, and 27 Most of the elements available for a new play dead. It is that they will take a very night meetings with the Secretary of formula were ruled out by the President harsh position in the fighting and in the Agriculture. Thus I am especially pleased even as he announced the Bruce nomination negotiations. that the whole body has seen fit to accept on the Wednesday night TV interview. So it No doubt the President will then be able the committee's proposals. is hard to take the new emphasis on negotia­ to represen·ii their toughness as an unrea­ Representative W.R. POAGE, chairman tions as anything more than a move to gain sonable refusal to consider fair offers. No still more time for winning the war-a peace doubt those of us who have been skeptical of the Agriculture Committee, and Rep­ of his Vietnam policies will be ma.de out to resentative PAGE BELCHER, the ranking offensive. Ambassador Bruce combines all the assets be skunks at a garden party. No doubt the minority member, did an outstanding job required for the task. Hardly anybody knows President will win more time from Amerlcan of forging a consensus bill from widely that he has been desperate for something to opinion for the military operations he con­ divergent views. Without the leadership do since he stepped down from the London siders necessary to shore up his Vietnam:l­ of these two gentlemen, as well as that embassy in 1968. zation program. And that means a.n Ameri­ of the various subcommittee chairmen, But everybody knows that he is a skilled can presence in the Vietnam war for years the prospects of getting a suitable bill and experienced diplomat. Almost everybody a.nd years and years to come. would have been greatly diminished. All knows that he is a Democrat. Many people of these men are to be commended for know that he has long been skeptical about the war. So it will seem that if anybody TRIBUTE TO FRANK ABBO their work in blending idealism with could bring off a negotiated settlement, the pragmatism in this piece of legislation. man is David Bruce. It appears that support payment limi­ But, in fact, negotiations have not been HON. LOUIS FREY, JR. tations were destined to be imposed this stalled because the wrong man was in Paris. OF FLORIDA year. Although I feel that such limita­ On the contrary, the deadlock arises because IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tions are unwise and wrong, the commit­ the two sides have mutually exclusive po­ tee's $55,000 limitation is certainly pref­ sitions. Monday, August 10, 1970 erable to the proposed $20,000 limit For the other side the big issue is the Sai­ Mr. FREY. Mr. Speaker, I was deeply which was wisely defeated. A limitation gon government. Hanoi has been fighting for saddened to learn of the tragic death years, at terrific cost, to get a friendly regime Monday of my friend, Frank Abbo. He at the lower figure would have disrupted in South Vietnam that might eventually the delicate balance of supply and de­ move toward a unified Vietnam. was a true gentleman, and his constant mand which has been achieved by our The present reg.ime headed by Gen. Nguyen good humor and friendliness could be successful support programs of the past. Van Thieu is a bitterly anti-Communist counted on by the employees and pat­ The result of such an imbalance would military government that opposes any com­ rons of the Roma Restaurant and by his almost certainly be higher consumer promise settlement. So Hanoi insists that a many friends. prices. precondition of negotiations is some change Frank Abbo came to this country from The true beneficiary of the House's ac­ in the Thieu regime. The United States is Italy in 1912 and began to learn the res­ tion in passing this bill will be the Amer­ sustaining the Thieu government by its taurant business. He was a self-educated military presence. So Hanoi further insists ican consumer. I regret that legislation that a precondition of negotiation is an and a selfmade man in the truest Amer­ could not be passed this year which would American commitment to total withdrawal ican ideal. Throughout the years he further benefit the farmer, but half a of United states forces at some future ds.te. worked hard, continued to learn, and in loaf is better than none at all. This is a These two poinrts comprise the big hang­ 1933 opened the Roma Restaurant which lesson that farmers learned long ago. up in the negotiations, and theoretically has become a landmark in the Capital. August 10, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 28123 Mr. Abbo's life personified what makes and rest assured that we shall pay no at­ dents who walked out because of "the un­ this country great-that dedication and tention to any councils but such as sha.11 be bearable school situation" were fiunked al­ energy can overcome all obstacles. framed within our ca.mp." though many had excellent grades and only missed 27 days which "did not exceed the His civic achievements, his business state's absenteeism standards." ability and, most of all, his spirit of good­ ONE-MAN SENATE COMMITTEE Also, the school board refused to talk to will and love of life made Frank Abbo MAKES 1-DAY VISIT TO UVALDE, the students about their grievances until one of Washington's and the Nation's TEX., BECOMES AN EXPERT AND after they went back to school for 10 days. most outstanding citizens. We will miss REPORTS SOME TOTALLY FALSE The strike was still in effect when school let him very much. out for summer. INFORMATION Parents involved in the boycott lost their jobs, Monda.le maintained. HON. 0. C. FISHER FRUSTRATION GREAT A ROMAN GENERAL'S OPINION OF OF TEXAS "The Chicanos' sense of frustration, out­ "MILITARY CRITICS" IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES rage and animosity ls as great as I've seen anywhere," he said. Monday, August 10, 1970 While in Uvalde, Mondale said he did not HON. BOB WILSON visit wt.th members of the school boa.rd or Mr. FISHER. Mr. Speaker, under leave other officials because he had a Texas Edu­ OF CALIFORNIA to extend my remarks I include an article cation Agency report--"a fairly objective re­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES which appeared in the July 26 issue of port"-and had been briefed previously by a Thursday, August 6, 1970 the Houston Chronicle. representative of the Civil Rights Commis­ The article follows: sion who had observed the area. Mr. BOB WILSON. Mr. Speaker, we LATIN SITUATION IN TEXAS CALLED BAD In a private home in San Antonio, Mon­ all know that history repeats itself. For da.le met with public school teachers, admin­ AS BLACKS istraoors, and college professors from Trinity example, the following article seems to WASHINGTON.-Sen. Walter F. Mondale, apply, if not better, to today's critics of University, St. Mary's College and Our Lady Chairman of the Senate Equal Educational of the Lake College. the military as it dealt with those during Opportunity Committee, says problems of the Roman Empire. I am sure our col­ Texas Mexican-Americans are "just as bad MOVIE OF BOYCO'IT leagues will find the article enlightening if not worse" than those he's seen in black A home movie made of the Uvalde school and interesting: communities. walkout by a member of the community in­ volved in the boycott was shown. A ROMAN GENERAL'S OPINION OF "MILITARY Mondale, a Minnesota Democrat, recently made a 3¥2 day unannounced unpublicized Mondale recalled that the film showed CRITICS" trip through Texas, Louisiana and Alabama Capt. A. Y. Allee of the Texas Rangers shov­ Lucius lEmllius Paulus, a Roman Consul, to "gain a better understanding of the feel­ ing and slapping a Mexican-American boy who had been selected oo conduct the war ings and direction of (desegregation) prob­ who was singled out of the boycott line by with the Macedonians, B. C. 168, went out lems on the scene." the Rainger. According to an aide to Mondale, from the Senate-house into the assembly of ACADEMIES CHECKED the student stood with his hands in his the people ann­ sldera.tion and response, not neoessa.rily this, I have really come to believe that out of part in the legislative process. all the divisiveness, out of the self-doubt I have filed 8 bllls of my own and I have agreement, on major problems. In the same vein, letters from constituents which is so manifest in the nation today, out co-sponsored 71 others. Co-sponsoring is an of the stark shortcomings which we are be­ effective way for a group of members with on national issues have been answered. with more than perfunctory "Thank you for your ginning to recognize more bluntly, will come a common objective to formally band to­ a new maturity. gether to indicate from the start that their views." I conceive of this exchange between bill has support. citizens and their elected representative as I think the nation is becoming more in­ T'ne list of bills is too long to recount (I another opportund:ty for dialogue. trospective, more self-critical, and that the am happy to_ send it to anyone upon re­ Using the Congressional office in this man­ strength of exposure, of dialogue, and dis­ quest ) , but let me characterize their thrust. ner derives in large part from my observation course will result in a higher level of per­ I nave aimed at funding higher levels of that Oongress operates in quite aippalllng formance from public officials. social security, of urban housing programs, isolation. FIVE KEPT BUSY AS OMBUDSMEN of medical and educational programs. While So much of Congressional business 1s car­ My office continues to be busy in its func­ recognizing the need to curb federal spending ried on in small committee rooms a.nd tion as an ombudsman, an intermediary be­ so that inflation might be slowed, I am con­ through the control of powerful committee tween individuals and their federal govern­ vinced that needs of this kind do not pro- chairmen that many members, and the body ment. 28126 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS August 10, 1970 Most of this work is handled directly out WHAT IS ACADEMIC FREEDOM? dom of speech-freedom of discussion. We of my offioe in the Salem Post Office build­ must not be deterred by contradiction, by ing. We have five staffers and several volun­ ridicule, and least of all. by the infiuence of teers here in the district working on these HON. OLIN E. TEAGUE those who wield power and control the purse­ and related district problems. Our "case" OF TEXAS strings. correspondence averages 200 letters a week. Hence, we must insist that a professor May I emphasize that constituent service IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES should have tenure. He serves truth and the is a function of my office as a federal em­ Monday, August 10, 1970 telling of truth and he cannot serve any ployee, and that it is handled on a com­ other master. This is the credo of academic pletely non-partisan basis. Too often citizens Mr. TEAGUE of Texas. Mr. Speaker, I freedom. confuse this work with an old time concept wish to insert in the RECORD the notes But any freedom has its natural limita­ of "doing favors." That's not our job. We from which the eminent scientist, Dr. tions. The search for truth must be sharply have found that local citizens have very real Edward Teller, used when speaking be­ distinguished from the call to action. In or­ problems--a. social security check may not fore the Scranton Commission on Stu­ der to develop and to defend intellectual come on time, sickness in the family needs dent Unrest, July 23, 1970. Dr. Teller's values we should renounce active participa­ to be related to a family member in the serv­ tion in politics. ice, the draft board has mislaid or misunder­ remarks should be mandatory reading A student or a professor is also a citizen. stood some documents, a federal aid program for every citizen of our great country: As such he should vote and he may exercise is confusing-these areas are where my staff WHAT Is ACADEMIC FREEDOM? his right of political advocacy. But he should and I can be of assistance. Call us at 745-5800 The scholastic record does not show that step outside the university to do so. or write to me. Senator Edward Kennedy is a great expert I want to insist that the most thoughtful In this connection we always welcome vol­ on education. Yet the Senator was among among the Communists should be accepted unteer workers, particularly typists. the first to be called by the President's Com­ in the academic community. It the great MIKE WRITES PRESIDENT ON MIDEAST mission on student unrest. He expressed Russian writer Alexander Solzhenytzyn himself with considerable clarity: There will should come to America I would welcome The Mideast, as the President has recog­ him in any educational institution. nized, continues to be the area containing be no peace in our universities as long as there is war in Vietnam. But neither re-armament nor withdrawal the greatest potential for disaster. from Southeast Asia, neither help to Israel It is desirable that the United States use This opinion is shared by many. In fact it probably will be used by student radicals nor concrete steps leading to peaceful coex­ its power to achieve lasting peace and to istence with Russia should be advocated guarantee the territorial integrity of the as their slogan in September. But there are two weak points in this statement. f.rom an academic platform. states in that area. If a professor should take the extreme po­ Recent initiatives by the United States af­ Student unrest has become a world-wide phenomenon. The painful political problems sition to strike against his university, his ford some degree of optimism that all parties tenure and his guarantee of a life-long pro­ involved are becoming increasingly aware of of the United States-Vietnam and integra­ tion-are probably not the real causes of the fessorship should be automatically cancelled. the grave potential for disaster to which the A university is a citadel of learning. The heightened military activity points. The trouble. Nor is it likely that the solution of these questions will provide a cure. right to teach and to learn must be defended latest proposal of the United States has against any challenge from militant or provided the most hopeful signs of a peace­ The second weakness is more simple and more basic. The difficulties of our universi­ nihilism. ful solution. The university must not become a sanctu­ In the interim, however, I have urged as ties should not be linked with politics. If our system of higher education is to survive, ary of the political guerrillas who want to de­ I have in the past that the balance of power stroy the fabric of our democratic society. in the Mid-East must be maintained. In the a separation of politics and education is re­ face of greatly expanded Soviet-Arab air­ quired. This ls fully as important as the sep­ craft strength, I joined with 221 colleagues aration of church and state. in the House in writing the President on There has been much talk about academic A LOOK AT THE CONSUMER'S June 10 urging that the U.S. provide Israel freedom. Unfortunately there has not been STAKE IN LOWER AIR FARES with additional supersonic jet aircraft. enough thoughtful discussion of this sub­ THROUGH GROUP CHARTER Here is a record of my votes in the House ject. If, as it now seems, our academic estab­ FLIGHTS of Representatives on major legislation since lishment (to use the unpopular expression) I took office last October: is to be transformed into a political pres­ Amendment to prohibit use of U.S. troops sure group (to employ an even more pro­ vocative phrase) not much will remain of HON. ABNER J. MIKV A in Cambodia after June 30 without Con­ OF ILLINOIS gressional approval: Yes. academic freedom. I suspect that this is pre­ Authorization of more funds for supersonic cisely what the "New Left" wants to accom­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES plish. transport (SST) plan: No. Monday, August 10, 1970 Family assistance plan, a major revamping One straightforward meaning of academic of the U.S. welfare system: Yes. freedom ls: A person willing and able to learn Mr. MIKVA. Mr. Speaker, the problem Health and safety standards for coal miners should have a chance to learn; a person will­ of inexpensive group charter airline and compensation to victims of black lung ing and able to teach should have a chance flights is one that touches many Amer­ disease: Yes. to teach. Strikes at universities are incompat­ ible with these simple principles. icans. These group flights allow many Extension of the Voting Rights Act and Americans of limited financial means to lowering voting age to 18: Yes. A student has a right to make up his mind Department of Defense Appropriations, in­ on what ls relevant to himself. He does not enjoy the pleasures of both domestic and cluding funds for Indochina war: No. have the right to determine what is relevant foreign vacations at prices below those Overriding presidential veto of HEW ap­ to his fellow student. of the often prohibitively expensive com­ propriations, including increased funds for Last May a group of students invaded my mercial airlines. New regulations now education: Yes. class on physics and demanded (in a peace­ under consideration by the Civil Aero­ President's Executive reorganization plan: ful manner) that I discuss Southeast Asia. nautics Board, however, would limit the Yes. The patient backing of the chairman of our physics departments to uphold-at least for availability of such flights to the Amer­ Overriding presidential veto of funds for ican consumer. hospital construction: Yes. the time being-the right of my students to Resolution for joint Congressional commit­ study and the right of their teacher to teach. I believe my colleagues will find in­ tee on environment: Yes. Will the President's Commission uphold this formative a report written by Mr. Shelby Improvement of garbage handling by pro­ right in an unambiguous manner or will the Southard of the Cooperative League of viding grants for solid waste disposal facm­ political offensive of Senator Kennedy force the U.S.A. in support of lower air fares tles: Yes. Governor Scranton to play the futile game of Neville Chamberlain. through group charter flights, and op­ Clean air legislation authorizing natlon­ But there is more involved than the con­ posed to the new CAB regulations. Mr. wlde air quality standards and testing of cept of academic freedom. Southard and the Cooperative League auto emission control devices: Yes. If one wants to learn and to teach, one has have long been in the forefront of the Approval of greaiter cutting of timber in to know the truth-an impossible task. To ap­ battle to protect the interests of the national forests, opposed by conservation proach truth one has to have an open mind. groups: No. American consumer. His article follows: It is incredibly difficult t;o leave prejudice A LoOK AT THE CONSUMER'S STAKE IN LoWER Providing additional funds for home mort­ behind. It is most difficult not -to be influ­ gage market: Yes. enced by my own prejudices, some of which AIR FARES THROUGH GROUP CHARTER Postal Reform-Establishes Government­ I am not aware of. At the same time I am FLIGHTS owned corporation and provides for pay ra.ise immersed in the prejudices of all my fellow (By Shelby Edward Southard, for postal workers: Yes. scientists and in the prejudices of the im­ Washington, D.C.) Social Security-provides cost-of-living in­ pressive multitude of the academic com­ Many consumer organizations have brought creases in benefits and amends Medicare to munity. the advantages of low-cost chart;e.r flights to provide broader coverage: Yes. Hence, we must insdst on complete free- their members by arranging for group travel August 10, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 28127 at about one-half ot the cost ot an indi­ Here are some of different kinds of charter availability of low cost fares through the vidual ticket on a scheduled flight. On June services: charter airlines brings IATA-set fares down. 2, a number of groups attending the Con­ Single Entity: A contracting party pays The public has long demanded low cost sumers Travel Conference 1n Columbus, the entire cost of a planeload charter. Exam­ travel. But only when charter flights helped Ohio, learned how these tour bargains could ples include athletic teainS, "incentive" travel answer this demand did IATA come up with be made available to more organizations. for company sales personnel, etc. new group fares of its own. Some of these On the plus side, the President recently Affinity: An organi~tion charters the fares were designed only to deter groups from announced a new International Air Trans­ plane and the cost is prorated among the flying the charter airlines. Last year, at the port Polley, which oa.lls for uniformity and members making the trip. This type of char­ very time they were announcing new lower­ simplification of charter rules, and states ter is governed by numerous regulations that priced group fares, the IATA airlines also that "charter services have been useful in limit eligibility to individuals (and their im­ raised individual ticket prices by eliminating holding down fare and rate levels . . . they mediate families) who are bona fl.de members the traditional five percent discount on can provide low-cost transportation of a sort of soci:al, religious, fraternal, education or round-trip tickets. A CAB examiner recom­ fitted to the needs of a significant portion employee associations, not organized pri­ mended rejection. He was over-ruled by the of the traveling public." marily for the purpose of travel. Board. On the minus side, and seemingly to fly Inclusive Tour (ITC): Full or split-load Instead of clarifying its rules, CAB has in the face of the President's policy, the Civil charters to a tour operator who organizes proposed arbitrary standards to determine Aeronautics Board is pushing for restrictions and promotes the tour and arrange the who may use affinity group charters. A large on low-cost travel which, if adopted, would charter. Clients pay the tour operator. CAB percentage of charting organizations would sharply curtail inexpensive study and vaca­ must approve the tour, which must have automatically be ineligible for charter travel. tion charters. three stopping points and last at least seven Such long-established groups as the Ameri­ At this point, Congressional action would days. The cost to the client must include all can Bar Association, the National Education seem to be the only hope consumers have hotel accommodations and surface trans­ Association, the Knights of Columbus, and for breaking this impasse between Adminis­ portation and be at least 110 percent of the B'nai B'rith would not be allowed to plan tration policy and the rules of an inde­ lowest available individually-ticketed sched­ vacation charter trips for their members. pendent regulatory agency. uled fare over the route. ORGANIZATIONS WITH MORE THAN 20,000 Given this situation, it behooves a.II of us to let Congress know where we stand on WHAT CONSUMER GROUPS SAID MEMBERS EXCLUDED this issue. In 1968 during Congressional hearings They would be denied this right because The Federal Aviaition Act calls for "the many consumer, trade union, agricultural, they have more than 20,000 members. In promotion of adequaite, economical, and effi­ fTaternal, cooperative and senior citizen trying to screen out groups whose only pur­ cient service by air carriers at reasonable groups fl.led statements or testified in favor pose is to offer low cost travel (and which charges, without unjust discrimination, of having the Civil Aeronautics Board revise already are ineligible) , the CAB has selected undue preferences or advantages, or unfair or and update its charter regulations. They pro­ an arbitrary size to determine whether or not destructive competitive practices." posed to broaden low coot jet air travel and an organization is a bona. fl.de "affinity group." Despite this, one segment of the aviation bring it within reach of many more Ameri­ A large organization that accepts a few too industry-the charter specialists who offer cans who cannot now afford to fly. many members-no matter how well quali­ low-cost transportation-is threatened with In this they were supported by testimony fied-would find itself disqualified. Thus the proposed CAB rules and regulations that from the President's Consumer Advisor, Miss government wishes to regulate voluntary or­ would sharply curtail the popular low-cost Betty Furness, who pointed to the need for ganizations rather than airlines. charter concept that was authorized by an preserving competition. Her successor, Mrs. IATA, which never has encouraged low cost Act of Congress. Many well-known American Virginia Knauer, also spoke up for the con­ group travel tried to limit group sizes back voluntary organizations--such as coopera­ sumer interest in a letter earlier this year in 1963. At that time the CAB refused to tives, fraternal groups, trade unions, senior to the inter-agency task force working on a accept an identical membership size restric­ citizens, study groups of students and teach­ new international air travel policy-with tion on the grounds that it was adverse to ers, etc-that now provide inexpensive travel what effect is not yet clear. the public interest. programs for their members, would also be Charter fares average 50 percent lower In its stated desire to assure that only bona. severely restricted under the proposed CAB than individually-ticketed coach fares on fide groups take advantage of charter travel, rules. scheduled airlines. This proposal would make the CAB now proposes a number of other rule The right to travel is a strongly-held it possible for many more people to plan changes thiat would curtail the public's ll'ight American belief. And charter airlines­ vacations and study tours to different parts to low cost travel. These ::hanges a.re couched known as "supplementals"-have brought of the world by giving them access to charter in phrases that suggest a belief that many transportation to Americans at lower costs travel. persons who "should be" traveling as individ­ than have ever before been available. In it.s desire to simplify the rules and to uals are members of large organizations for America's airline industry has two classes make low cost travel available to even more the sole purpose of obtaining cheap fares. of travel-individually-ticketed, regularly­ Americans, the supplemental airlines sug­ Chartering organizations, under the scheduled service over set routes, and group gested a number of changes in the now 11- planned rules, would also be limited to a total charters. Under the charter rules, each flight year-old affinity group rules. Key points are of 2,000 seats in a calendar year. This is equal operates under a separate agreement in which summarized here: to eight charters on a modern plane such as a group hires the plane for a trip to a desti­ Expand the definition of "immediate a. stretch DG-8, and fewer on the new jumbo nation of its own choosing. Thousands of family" of a charter passenger to include jets. It would not matter whether the trips fraternal groups, employee organizations, all his dependents, all members of his house­ were for college students planning to study professional societies, consumer organiza­ hold, and close relatives. abroad, for football fans with tickets to a tions, unions, and social clubs have enabled Permit "special event" charters for groups, Bowl game, or for vacationers wishing to at­ their members to enjoy such vacation won­ such as to the annual Rose Bowl. tend EXPO '70. A large group simply could ders as Europe, the Caribbean, Ha.wail and Allow charters to members of automobile not charter more than 2,000 seats in any one the Far East because charter travel brought associations, who are already knowledgeable year. the cost within range of modest budgets. a.bout safe, insured, and low-cost land travel It should be noted that waivers may be Permit the sale of up to 20 percent of the sought for any of the charter rules. But since CONGRESS RECOGNIZES THE NEED seats on a charter flight to friends of mem­ there are no clear-cut, objective standards Charter specialist airlines were granted bers of the chartering group. covering such requests, members of charter permanent operating authority by Congress Permit married students on a charter groups would be allowing CAB staff mem­ in 1962. Ever since, these airlines-flying the study tour to take members of their im­ bers-who are elected by no one--to deter­ same planes as scheduled airlines under the mediate families along with them. mine which of them may exercise their Con­ same federal safety regulations-have offered stitutional right to travel. a new dimension in air transportation, bring­ RESPONSE OF CIVIL AERONAUTICS BOARD Some of the other ways in which the CAB ing such trips within reach of moderate­ But the Civil Aeronautics Board, rather proposes to identify those groups which are income Americans. than clarifying and simplifying its rules to qualified to charter seem equally strange, if In 1968, Congress recognized that the sup­ broaden the opportunities for low cost char­ not capricious. Groups which have more than plemental airlines had "become solid, respon­ ter air travel, now proposes to restrict it even one class of member with different dues rates sible, safe and profitable bus·iness entities." further. Its proposal would eliminate many would automatically be disqualified. Thus, It extended their authority to include a com­ presently eligible groups from chartering the National Press Club would no longer be pletely new twpe of charter, the inclusive trips for their members. allowed to plan its annual members' charter tour (ITC). At that time the Assistant Secre­ If the proposed rules are adopted, many to Europe. Organizations that elect officers ilary of Transportation said: "The supple- clubs and organizations will find that they and directors every three or four years instead mental carriers have provided the benefits have taken their last modestly-priced vaca­ of every two yea.rs, or whose officers are elect­ and experience of air transportation to peo­ tion tour. And once the travel market has ed by the directors rather than directly by ple who otherwise might not have traveled been given entirely over to the scheduled air­ the members, would also be barred, no matter by air. The supplementals have provided .a lines it would not be long before their inter­ how reputable these groups might be. Agri­ new degree of competitive endeavor whlch national price-fixing cartel-the Interna­ cultural and marketing cooperatives would the scheduled airlines have been unwilling tional Air Transport Association (IATA)­ no longer be allowed to schedule charter trips or unable to initiate despite encouragement would push intemational air fares upward. for their members because of the nature ot by the (Civil Aeronautics) Board." It has been demonstrated that only the their business. 28128 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS August 10, 1970

RULES THREATEN TO MAKE CHARTER TRAVEL In the past they have accommodated a lower portation more widely available, and on a DIFFICULT income market of people who would not more equitable basis for all Americans. In a Most intelligent persons, before embarking otherwise be traveling abroad. And now, nation where equality of opportunity is a on a major trip, would expect to know not threatened with more widespread supple­ national goal, the right to travel should not only where the airplane was going, but also mental operations, the scheduled IATA car­ be abridged by arbitrary and irrelevant where they would stay and what they would riers have been compelled to lower their standards such as the size of an organiza­ see and do while on their vacation. One of group fares to a competitive level." tion, or the date on which it elects its the proposed new rules would bar an assist­ The Senate Commerce Committee, in a officers. ing travel agent from sending descriptions of 1968 report, said the supplementals are "a The entire U.S. aviation industry will be available land tours to organization members perm.anent and integral part of the national better served if our regulatory agencies adopt until after they have signed up for the char­ air transportation system. They have actively rules that keep air travel from becoming the ter flight. The consumer would have to put promoted the airline charter business to the exclusive preserve of the rich, the expense­ his money on the llne for the flight without point where it is a growing means of travel account business traveler, and the jet-setter. knowing what the full costs would be for for American citizens who otherwise would the tour. have been denied the opportunity to take low Nor would travel agents be allowed to help cost vacations by air." THE CONSERVATIVE SOLUTION small and inexperienced groups in preparing HOW COMPETITION IS BEING STIFLED their required passenger lists. Organizing a charter trip would be made much more Only six percent of Americans have ever difficult, even when a group is clearly qual­ been a.brood and only 50 percent have ever HON. JAMES H. (JIMMY) QUILLEN traveled by air. Despite the vast untapped OF TENNESSEE ified. In the face of rising costs of printing, millions of potential passengers anxious to postage and office work, the CAB intends to IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES place a limit of $4.00 per passenger on the travel, the world's scheduled airlines and the foreign governments who control them have Monday, August 10, 1970 amount of admlnistrative expenses allowed not been content to compete openly in the for organizing a trip. Present rules do not marketplace. They have consistently tried Mr. QUILLEN. Mr. Speaker, the limit these expenses, but do require that to eliminate low cost charter travel through younger generation is becoming increas­ receipts be filed if they are over $750 per restriction of landing rights at foreign air­ ingly more alarmed about the complex planeload. ports, predatory and often discriminatory and confusing problems facing this Under another planned rule, financial risk pricing, and archaic rules governing who for acceptable groups would be greatly in­ country, and this is good. may charter a plane. - Recently, John J. Calderbank, an 18- creased because they would not be allowed Scheduled airlines are now using new low to solicit their own members until after a group rates (subsidized by increased regular year-old youth who lives at 205 Sparkling charter contract has been signed. Making it fares) in a concerted effort to drive U.S. Brook Drive in Bristol, Tenn., gave a more difficult for organizations to provide charter airlines from the skies. If they are speech before the Bristol Host Lions Club charters for their members, another rule allowed to succeed, they will have eliminated entitled "The Conservative Solution." would ban solicitation across chapter lines. the only challenge to their monopolistic rate­ This would eliminate many small chapters In view of the fact that I share so setting system. many of his views, I would like for others of "charterworthy" organizations now able The president of one foreign scheduled air­ to fill a plane with their own chapter's mem­ line said of the supplementals: "They cater to have the opportunity to read the text bers and those of the same organization in to the cheapest possible traveler and thus of his excellent speech. Therefore, I nearby chapters. Thus, CAB would restrict lower the yields of the domestic tourists in­ would like to submit his words for read­ the very small as well as the very large dustry." There is a strong suspicion that if ers of the RECORD: groups. IATA succeeds in eliminating the supple­ With larger jets already in service, it is THE CONSERVATIVE SOLUTION mentals, scheduled carriers would find it It must appear strange that someone as more difficult for chartering groups to fill a "necessary" to considerably increase their plane. When jets replaced smaller piston excursion and group fares and turn up their young as I has come here this noon to speak planes, the CAB recognized the problem and noses at the "cheapest possible traveler." to you on "conservatism,'' but at no other allowed up to three separate affinity groups-­ With most members of IATA government­ time in this country's history has the need with at least 40 passengers each-to charter owned, it has been easy to make the drive !or conservative solutions and the need for a single plane. The three group limit in a political as well as economic. Some European the return to conservative principles been 400-seat jumbo jet would require the aver­ carriers have been successful in pressuring greater. age group to have more than 125 members their governments to restrict landing rights We are living in the most troubled of times. traveling together. In its proposed regula­ for supplementals. As this nation approaches the 200th anni­ tions, the CAB indicates it is willing to con­ But who really suffers by this economic versary of its independence, never before has sider a relaxation of the three group limit, warfare? First, of course, the traveling pub­ the assault upon some of its most cherished but does not clearly say it will. lic, which either pays more or ls limited in institutions and traditions been more intense During the heavy tourist season, one out of its choice of destination. or more violent. Never before have the rights every five transatlantic travelers flies by of the individual as a political and social charter. The present rules invite evasion, CONGRESSIONAL ACTION ON AVIATION POLICY entity been more usurped by the encroach­ and are virtually impossible to police effec­ The consumer clearly has a stake in low­ ments of an ever-expanding and ever-ineffi­ tively because of the legitimate desire of cost air travel. This right must be assured by cient bureaucracy. people with modest means to seek the lowest Congressional enactment of a national avia­ Certain politicians, intellectuals and mem­ fare. tion policy. This policy must recognize the bers of the press have for years gravely dis­ concept of a total U.S. air transportation torted the true meaning of conservatism. COMPETITION HELPS HOLD DOWN FARES system that includes both the secheduled These people have tried to show conservative The acceptance of charter travel has clearly airlines, which specialize in indivldually­ solutions and conservative principles to be established the public demand for additional ticketed service, and supplemental carriers, repressive and out of date. In recent years, low cost air transportation. which specialize in group transportation­ this false liberal fabrication of conservatism Where foreign airlines once dominated the cha.rter flights at low fares. Such a policy, has become so strong in some sections of our transatlantic charter market, U.S. supple­ backed by U.S. government support for char­ country that often people, in agreement with mentals have contributed to a dramatic re­ ter airline rights abroad, would broaden the conservative principles, remain silent or run versal in the trend. Their share of the charter base of the market to include millions of the risk of being branded "reactionary"-to market has climbed from 17 percent fn 1963 moderate income travelers who fly infre­ use one of the New York Times' more printed to 50 percent last year, part of America's suc­ quently or not at all. cliches. cessful a.ttempt to stop the gold flow from At the same time, what is urgently needed The time has come in this country to dis­ leaving our shores. During the same period, is a simplified, easily understood set of rules pell the distorted image of conservatism, and the total U.S. airlines• share of this market which would make low cost charter travel silence those who brand conservatism "out of rose from 20 percent to 65 -percent. The available to a.s many Americans as possible. date." It is time to replace the useless, waste­ scheduled airllnes benefited from the growth Simplified, fair and easily enforceable rules ful and inefficient liberal bureaucracy that of chartering, increasing their share from 5 would discourage cheating by the public. pervades government at every level with the percent in 1962 to 15 percent in 1969, a three­ Group travel is in itself a restriction that conservative alternative-the conservative fold increase. it clearly distinguishable from individually­ solution. Secretary of Transportation John A. Volpe ticketed fares. This simple criteria would The basis of the conservative solution rests last year cited competition by the supple­ preserve the distinction between charter or upon three premises. The first is the im­ mentals as being "largely responsible" for group services, on the one hand, and indi­ plementation of the true meaning of con­ transatlantic air fare reductions which were vidually-ticketed scheduled services, on the servatism into government, government announced in November, 1969 by IATA mem­ other. policy and those elected and appointed to run ber airlines. Instead of proposing rules that deprive mil­ the govemment. Conservatism is simply a Secretary Volpe said: "It seems certain lions of Americans of charter flight oppor­ devotion to the restoration and development that they (the supplementals) have demon­ tunities, the government sb.ould adopt a of our tradition that places the freedom o! strated a clear public need !or their sevices. policy and rules that make charter trans- the individual to seek his fulfillment and sal- August 10, 1970 . EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 28129 V81tion as a central principle in our social out the :bureaucratic restrictions placed upon expertise or the 2,700-man-hours of in­ order. In other words, the individual should it by government; where individual initia­ tensive labor put into the project by the be free, within the la.w, to use to the best of tive and the desire to work themselves out his ability his own initiative a.nd genius to of poverty will be instilled in the minds of eight students and three faculty advisers. attain goals, and provide the best possible our nation's poor, instead of using the lib­ Whether or not the Buffalo State Col­ llvelihood and well-being from the fruits of eral approach that states the government lege entry wins the race-and I hope his initiative for himself and his family, owes the poor a living. We must elect con­ sincerely that it does-the eight stu­ without fear of government interference or gressmen and senators who are brave dents and their advisers will have shown restriction upon his initiative or profit goals. enough, and willing to forego political ex­ what can be done by action in place of The second premise is based upon the em­ pediency to enact laws that will once again words. bodiment into law of the conservative mean­ make our streets safe and make our oa.m­ is ing for the term "freedom of the individual." puses cathedrals of learning instead of show­ Each of these students and teachers This phrase has been a.bused and taken out places for violence, int1m1dation and anar­ to be commended highly for his or her of context recently, as evidenced by some chy; where the theories of individual initi­ initiative and sticktuitiveness. Supreme Court rulings of late. Many times ative and less government instead of more AI3 Student Coordinator John Schif­ certain politicians, members of the academic government will be predominate in · the ferle said: community and of the press justify the minds of our politicians as they solve our This is a student-oriented program and usually violent and intimidating tactics of problems. we think it demonstrates student concern the radical and ~llberal-left with this phrase. This is the conservative solution-us·ing for the environment. But, as part of the conservative solution and the three premises of the basis a! the con­ We a.re trying to express our concern for as American Conservatives understand it, the servative solution in approaching and solving the ecology, not by rioting or demonstrating, phrase means that the individual has a right problems, the problems will be solved and but by using our technological knowledge to to be free from coercion, so long as one does solved properly. help solve today's pollution problems. not interfere with the freedom of others, As a conservative, I oa.nnot ask you to I think it's our way to show the public and does not give aid to the destroyers, for­ a.gain foot another $15 bilHon federal wel­ that college students are concerned in a eign or domestic, of the social order upon fare bill as you did in 1969-when the result positive way and encourage them to work which this freedom is based. of this vast expenditure of money was longer with us. The best way to introduce the third premise welfare roles and shorter payrolls. When of the basis of the conservative solution is there is an alternaitive, a better alternative, I To this pollution conscious team, I say to tell you about a cartoon I saw in a recent cannot ask you to a.ccept the status quo. We congratulations and the best of luck in edition of the Bristol Herald Courier. The must begin to realize in America tha.t, 1f the your coast to coast venture. cartoon was entitled "The Small Society." present liberal bureaucracy is permitted to Mr. Speaker, as part of my remarks It pictured two cartoon characters leaving continue and to expand as i>t is, individual the capitol building. One turns to the other initiative and our free enterprise democratic I include two articles and an editorial and says, "I haven't seen a copy of the Con­ system of government will become things of from Butralo newspapers: stitution in years." The other replies, "Well, the pa.str [From the Buffalo Evening News, Aug. 7, maybe it's out of print." This cartoon in­ 1970] directly indicates the root cause of the per­ BUFFALO STATE TEAM Is ALL SET FoR START OF missiveness in law today that has allowed the BUFFALO COLLEGE STUDENTS CLEAN-AIR AUTO RACE upheaval and turmoil to occur. We have BUILD OWN CLEAN-AIR AUTO ignored the greatest document of demo­ A pollution conscious team of eight stu­ cracy ever written by free men-the dents today unveiled the Buffalo State Uni­ Constitution. versity College entry in the cross-country HON. THADDEUS J. DULSKI Clean .Mr Car competition. We have elected congressmen and we have NEW tolerated judges who have ignored the Con­ . OF YORK It's a snug totally rebuilt 1961 convertible stitution while enacting laws, or have sub­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES that its sponsors say will travel 320 miles on eight gallons of liquid propane gas a.vall­ stituted their own expanded meanings for Monday, August 10, 1970 what the Constitution actually says while able at costs well under conventional fuels. interpreting the laws. The third premise is, Mr. DULSKI. Mr. Speaker, at a time Most important, however, they estimate it therefore, the strict interpretation of the when there is considerable unrest and will reduce pollution emissions of carbon Constitution. criticism within and without our colleges monoxide, hydrocarbons and nitric oxides The conservative solution, however, must by significant amounts, and yet provide and universities, I am delighted to be trouble-free freeway performance. be taken to every generation of America, able to repcrt some very progressive and especially its younger generation who has too John Schifferle, project coordinator, em­ long endured the tirades of the liberal-left. community-minded activity upon the phasized that "this is a student-oriented Those of you who believe strongly in con­ part of students at the State University program and we think it demonstrates stu­ servatism as I do, or even those of you who of New York College at Buffalo. dent concern for the environment." agree only in part with its principles, must A team of students is intensely con­ WORKED SINCE JANUARY take this message to the voters who have cerned about our Nation's pollution prob­ "We are trying to express our concern for the power to change what is. We must elect lem. More important-they are doing the ecology, not by rioting or demonstrating, congressmen who agree with conservative something about it. but by using our technological knowledge principles, and have these congressmen ap­ to help solve today's pollution problems. point judges who will interpret the Consti­ I had the honor to be on hand the other day when these students unveiled "I tl mk it's our way to show the public tution in a strict manner-thus alleviating that c Uege students are concerned in a posi­ the permissiveness in law that infects our their "clean air automobile." They built tive way and encourage them to work with society. it themselves and are entering it in a us in this fight." Too long people in this country have en­ 3,700-mile "race" from Boston, Mass., Dr. Myron E. Lewis Jr., director of the dured the programs of liberalism, whose mis­ to Pasadena, Calif. Technology Division, said the team has takes and failures are piled high in Wash­ There are about 70 entries in the race worked since January-the la.st 24 hours­ ington, and the effects of these failures which and the Buffalo vehicle is the only one without sleep-to have the car ready. are felt throughout the land. Too long people The 3600-mlle competition sponsored by in this country have been exposed to only being entered from within our State's higher education system. Cal Tech and MIT starts Aug. 24 In Boston ~ne side of the political spectrum. and will end seven days later in Pasadena. This can best be seen in a personal experi­ The Buffalo project is a student ac­ ence of my own. I recently attended the sum­ tivity from the beginning to end. Some 70 CARS TO TAKE PART mer orientation session for entering fresh­ other entries, I am told, have had pro­ Mr. Schifferle said Buffa.lo area residents men at the University of Tennessee. During fessional and commercial help and in­ will have an opportunity to see the cars as the part of the session allotted to representa­ volved expenditures of tens of thousands they pass through this area during eatly eve­ tives of various political organizations on ning hours Aug. 24 en route to Toronto. campus to come and speak to the entering of dollars. One car reportedly cost He said the tentative route includes the freshman about their organizations, repre­ $28,000. mainline Thruway, Youngmann Hwy. to the sentatives of liberal and leftist groups were FINANCED FULLY BY STUDENTS Niagara section of . the Thruway and a.cross there in abundance. Representatives of con­ Buffalo State College's entry involved the Rainbow Bridge. About 70 cars, starting servative groups were conspicuously absent. a cash outlay of $2,500, provided in full at one-minute intervals, will participate in the race, including two from Cornell Uni­ This must stop! Conservatives must not by the College Student Association. It is allow the public, especially the young, to expected to cost another $2,500 to finance versity and a $28,000 University' of Toronto hear from one side. Conservatism must be car. uppermost in everyone's m:ind so _that we the cross-country trip and the same asso­ "The big expensive cars don't phase us a may once again live in a country where the ciation is providing those funds, too. bit," Dr. Lewis said. "We were given $5000 victim of crime has more .rights than the The cash outlay does not include, of by the College Student Association and our crlminal; where business oa.n operate with- course, any allowance for donated parts, interest is in economy and safety." 28130 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS August 10, 1970

GAUGES EASU.Y VISIBLE vice-presidents and Class of '71 President I am asking Bill J enklns of my staff to ar­ Besides the built-in pollution controls, the Miss Sharon Raimondi. range a meeting with your group at the team said the car includes such safety fac­ Stanley Makowski, confidential aide of earliest possible time. tor-; as built-in fire extinguishers that are Mayor Sedita, gave the race team two statutes Sincerely, triggered automatically and a frame that col­ of visons, the city symbol, to be presented to LLOYD M. BENTSEN, Jr. lapses downward instead of trapping pas­ ofllcials at Cambridge (home of M.I.T.) and sengers. at the Pasadena finish line. It also has a. series of easily visible gauges Schifferle said his crew demonstrated that and warning systems. a practical car with low pollution emissions BRIGHT DAY FOR THE Asked about maintenance, Mr. Schlfferle can be bullt for the mass market next year. ENVIRONMENT said use of propane gas means on changes He also pointed out that State's entry is the a.re 20,000 miles apart and spark plugs last only car 1n the competition entirely financed, 40,000 miles. He said propane fuel costs about engineered and built by students. HON. DAVID R. OBEY It was learned that other entries were 20 cents a gallon in this area, and only 11 OF WISCONSIN cents a gallon in the south. backed by sums of up to $30,000 and have had the help of technicians from the big car IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES TEAM MEMBERS NAMED manufacturers. This news failed to dampen Monday, August 10, 1970 The car carries an eight-gallon propane the spirit of those who know what the State tank, enough to carry it 320 miles or about team accomplished. They were buoyed by a Mr. OBEY. Mr. Speaker, an article ap­ 40 miles a gallon. He said the car would travel remark made by a local car buff who said: peared in today's Wall Street Journal about 55 mph. Its equipment, he said exceeds "You've got a real tiger there and with which cannot help but brighten the day 1970 federal safety standards. a little bit of luck you could go all the way." of any conservationist. Team members who will take part in the race are: Mr. Schifierle of 5921 Transit Rd., [From the Buffalo Evening News, It described a plan under which Ari­ East Amherst; Kelly M. Brown, 107 Heath Aug. 6, 1970) zona cottongrowers are using selective Tel'., Kenmore, who had charge of the trans­ BUFFALO'S "CLEAN CAR" ENTRY uses of pesticides and a "scout" pro­ mission; Robert De1n Jr., 233 Paradise Rd., State University at Buffalo will unveil to­ gram to control the pink bollworm, a East Amherst, the power plant; James Ertel, morrow its student entry-evidently the only pest particularly harmful to cotton. The 254 Wheeler St., Tonawanda, the body, and one from any New York State campus--in result is indeed an important one-a de­ Kenneth Rodgers, 8001 Allen Rd., Porter this month's coast-to-coo.st "Clean-Air car crease in the overall use of pesticides. Corners, an assistant. Race." Here is an occasion for a li"btle un­ This is helpful to the farmers who are Other students who worked on the team abashed "home team" rooting in a stiff na­ saving money, and it is of great benefit are Robert Early, 235 N. Harvest St., Wil­ tional competition. liamsville, Francis Henn, 806 Highland Ave., Giving up their summer jobs, the State to the environment. Kenmore, and Gary Linneborn, 230 Mt. Ver­ College team of technology students have de­ The results to date have been, we are non Rd., Snyder. voted themselves full time 1n some 1600 hours told, "gratifying to the growers, if not to redesigning and converting a 1961 Austin to the sellers of pesticides." They are also [From the Buffalo Courier-Express, Aug 8, Healey Sprite. They hope this will confirm gratifying to those of us concerned 1970) their belief in a liquid propane engine as a about the effects which the heavy use of STATE COLLEGE ENTRY IN 3,700-Mn.E CLEAN Am safe answer to auto-exhaust pollution. pesticides have on our environment. CAR RACE Is UNVEILED Demonstrating the performance of various Mr. Speaker, the article appears be­ (By Edward S. Wiater) pollution-reducing fuel systems is of course the purpose of a competition that has at­ low: Buffalo State College's entry in the coast­ tracted some 70 ca.rs. But what is unusual ARIZONA COTTON GROWERS FIND SELECTIVB to-coast clean air car "race" was unveiled on a.bout the Buffalo State entry-unlike many USE OF PESTICIDES BOOSTS YIELDS, TRIMS the school grounds Friday and from all indi­ of the fancy autos with industry bankroll­ COSTS cations the "resurrected" 1961 Austin-Healey ing-'ls the fact that it is exclusively financed (By Hal Lancaster) Sprite will be a. real tiger 1n the competition. and sponsored by the students themselves SAFFORD, ARIZ.--Cotton growers here in The "race" is actually more of a rally to through the students association. show that clean running ca.rs a.re practical Graham County, are sharply reducing their Thus, in a time of widespread student com­ use of pesticides under a "cotton scout" pro­ and safe. It will start Aug. 24 from Massachu­ pla1ning about the values of our society, setts Institute of Technology and terminate gram that could have nationwide implica­ these inventive students are not just be­ tions for ecology as well as agriculture. Aug. 31 at California Institute of Technology moaning the automobile's threat to the en­ after a run of 3,700 miles. For the past two years, 90% of the county's vironment but are working hard to find con­ growers, banded together under an organiza­ BUILT FOR $2,500 structive remedies. tion called the Pink Bollworm Committee The local entry is one of 52 ca.rs in the run. have discarded regular, wholesale spraying It is the only one from the State University of their fields in favor of more selective ap­ system and may be the only entry from the plications at irregular intervals. The results state depending on developments at two FARM SUPPORT LIMIT have been gratifying to the growers, if not to other schools which at one time signified a sellers of pesticides. desire to enter the test. In 1968, the member growers of the Pink State's car was built at a cash outlay of HON. OLIN E. TEAGUE Bollworm Committee spent $199,000 on pes­ $2,500 given the team by the College Student OF TEXAS ticides. After they adopted the selective pro­ Assn. Another $2,500 provided by the CSA gram, their 1969 spending on pesticides will be used to finance the cross-country IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES (together with the cost of the scout opera­ trip. Monday, August 10, 1970 tion itself) plunged to less than $37,000- The cost does not include any donated with yields actually increasing from the pre­ items, expertise or 2,700 man hours of work Mr. TEAGUE of Texas. Mr. Speaker, vious year. Exceptionally good weather was put in by a. team of eight students and three I have had many requests as to Lloyd an important fa~tor in the increase, how­ faculty advisors. Bentsen's position on some sort of a farm ever. The Graham County effort revolves around SO-HORSEPOWER PLANT support limit. I am inserting in the REC­ ORD a letter that Mr. Bentsen wrote to the use of "scouts" supplied by the pro­ The car is a four cylinder "job" with a 50- Mr. Don Anderson concerning this prob­ gram's manager, Mike Pursley. The scouts, horsepower plant capable of pushing the car mainly high school students, are trained by up to 85 miles an hour. It will use liquid lem: JULY 14, 1970. the extension service of the University of propane gas for fuel from an eight gallon Arizona to identify and locat e pink boll­ tank and is expected to give from 45 to 50 Mr. DON ANDERSON, L. D. Anderson Farms, worms and other pests. Then they are sent miles per gallon. in pairs to scan the fields of the committee The orange-colored tiger is the result of Crosbyton, Tex. members weekly. When they report a certain the labors of students Kelly M. Brown, Robert DEAR DoN: Thank you for your letter and information on payment limitation. level of infestation in the fields, and only De1n Jr., Robert Earley, James Ertel, Francis then, the affected areas are sprayed. As a practical matter I think we all realize Henn, Gary Linneborn, Kenneth Rodgers, UNUSUAL RESULTS ACHIEVED QUICKLY coordinator John Schifferle and faculty ad­ that Congress will not pass a farm bill this visors Dr. Myron E. Lewis, Terrence J. Tru­ year without some sort of farm support limit. Similar scout programs have been under deau and Gordon E. Fuffner. It appears that a compromise is in the mu- way for some time in Arkansas, Mississippi, 1ng that would conta1n a support limit with- Louisiana and other states. Arkansas, MiS­ "REAL TIGERS" 1n the range of $55,000. This will probably sissippi, Louisiana and other states, Arkansas The unvelling was done by a. CSA team of resolve the issue as fairly as it can be re­ is believed to have the biggest program, with Miss Susan Hills, president; William Field, solved at this time, so I would support this about 150 SC()flltS working fields scattered treasurer, Ralph Kurland and Peter Dayton, limit. over much of the state. If the Agriculture August 10, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 28131 Department has its way, scouts will be pop­ used less pesticide in 1967 than in 1968, To the 1st Sgt you will be a pink-cheeked ping up over much more of the· country though figures are lacking. But they a.re con­ young ma.n whom he will take under his soon. vinced they are saving a great deal of money. wing to teach you "the ropes". The lieu­ James Brazzell, chief of the methods de­ "I left it up to the pesticide people and I used tenant who learns to profit from this oppor­ velopment branch of the Agriculture Depart­ more in 1967, when we didn't have that big a tunity is rewarded the first time he gets a ment's plant protection division, says: bollworm problem, than I did in 1969 under sincere and unqualifl.ed "yes sir" from the "I believe you can get savings on pesti­ our own program,'' says committee chairman "old sarge." cides of anywhere from 25 % to 75 % , though Daley. "Well, they want to sell their product. To the unit commander you will be a green it's difficult to cite any general figure be­ I'm more confident in the program we have ofilcer and another headache along with cause every field is a. different story and now." his other problems. However, he Will not every season is different. But we a.re ex­ hesitate to assign you at least a dozen proj­ tremely interested in these programs and ects-all due yesterday. And amazingly the a.re looking into assisting them to get started job gets done. The good commander will in several states." REMARKS OF GEN. CHARLES channel your youthful zeal into productive The Graham County project, which is a L. SOUTHWARD effort and he will provide the experience and private effort and not sponsored by the guidance you need in your development. Agriculture Department, is noteworthy in To your wife or girl friend you will be Sir that it has achieved unusual results in a Hon. G. V. (SONNY) MONTGOMERY Walter Raleigh, Sir Gallahad and K':lng Ar· short period of time. It had its origins in thur all rolled int.o one. In your uniform 1968, when the pink bollworm-"a tough OF MISSISSIPPI you will stand little taller, and a little little old pest to get," according to program IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES prouder than you do in your civ111an attire. manager Pursley-was chewing its way Monday, August 10, 1970 The pride that you will gain from the admi­ through Arizona fields at a rate alarming ration of your wife or girl friend will sustain to growers. The Graham County farmers Mr. MONTGOMERY. Mr. Speaker, I you ithrough many rough periods. organized their committee and dug in for would like to share with my colleagues To yourself you may feel a bit of Mac­ a long battle. the foil owing remarks by Maj. Gen. Arthur-a touch of Ike-some of Patton's After consultations with the state exten­ Charles L. Southward, commanding gen­ dash. All of these great leaders once stood sion service, they adopted a crash program on this same threshold as new Lts and aspired of mass spraying at regular intervals. "It eral of the District of Columbia National t.o the greatness of men they admired. To worked," says Brooks Daley, a grower and Guard. The remarks were delivered at a aspire to greatness is a sure sign of potential chairman of the committee. "We didn't have recent OCS graduating class held in and if you keep your sights high, and work a real infestation of pink bollworms." But Washington, D.C.: hard, you can go as far as you dream. When the spraying also wiped out beneficial insects REMARKS OF GEN. CHARLES L. SOUTHWARD you rest, you rust. that help control others destructive to cot­ During the Revolutionary War, Baron Von ton. "By the end of 1968, we found we were Greetings: Distinguished guests, l'adies Steuben wrote the following instruct.tons for and gentlemen, members of class XIII. DCNG getting eaten up," says John Sears, county the Lt in Washing.ton's army: agent for the extension service. OCS: It is a personal pleasure for me to sub­ stitute for our speaker today and to con­ "He should endeavor to gain the love of INDUSTRY IS RILED gratulate you on your accomplishments. Our his men, by his attention to everything which So the next year, the committee adopted guest speaker had to oo.ncel out suddenly, may contribute to their health and oonven­ Mr. Pursley's scout program. Members that so I'll use th!1s opportunity to make a few ience: He should often visit them at dif­ year had only 5,500 acre-treatments (one remarks. ferent ·hours: Inspect into their manner of acre sprayed once) compared with 78,000 You've had an interesting year and can be living: See that their provisions are good and in 1968. "This is the best thing for avoiding proud that you satisfactorily met a new well cooked, and as far as possible oblige ecological disruption," says Leon Moore, an challenge in training in an overseas area­ them to take their meals a.t regulated hours. extension service entomologist who is the Puerto Rico. This is a first for the DCNG He should pay attention to their complaints. program's adviser. "It brings the use of and classes XIII and XIV can be proud of and when well founded, endeavor to get pesticides into a need basis." this effort. them redressed: But discourage them from The clear implication of the program's As 2nd Lts, you graduates will take on a complaining on every frivolous occasion." result--that pesticide marketers have been new set of V'alues. For maybe the first time Those instructions are as current today as overselling growers in the past--riles the you will put the welfare, safety and con­ they were almost 200 years ago. The lieuten­ industry in Arizona. "The program isn't any sideration of others before your own desires. ant is a potential leader at this stage of his different than what we had been doing with The men you lead are patriots and will ex­ career. Teddy Roosevelt said "the best execu­ our own checkers working the fields. We pect much from you and I know that you tive ls one with sense enough to pick good don't believe in spraying every week just be­ will do your best to be good leaders and men t.o do a jolr-a.nd restraint enough to cause it's nice to spray," says Jack Wooley, look out for their interests. leave them alone while they get it done." We president of the Arizona Agricultural Chem­ You young men have sought greater re­ believe that we in the DCNG have picked the icals Association. sponsibility and have succeeded where others best of our young men to commission as "The word we got around the fields was of your generation have evaded the challenge lieutenants--they will get the job done if we, that the university said the company check­ for a commission. In today's world you might the senior officers, have the wisdom to help ers were biased,'' says Mr. Wooley. "This was be called a "square." them when they need it and to leave them a slap in the chemical industry's face." He "Square," another of the good old words, alone when they don't. In this class could be says the industry's main complaint is that has gone the way of "love" and "modesty" our future batta.llon or group commanders, the university intruded "in competition with and "patriotism." the CG DCNG or if they go on active duty a future Army Chief of Staff. I'm sure you free enterprise, going up there and promoting Something to be snickered over or outright know that the recently retired chairman, this." The university, however, says it has laughed at. been acting only as a consultant and trainer Joint Chief of Staff, General Ea.r'l Wheeler, It used to be that there was no higher started his career as an enlisted man in the of scouts. compliment you could pay a man than to In the meantime, Graham County's three DCNG. call him a "square-shooter." In closing, I wish to express my admira­ main pesticide sellers have suffered sharp de­ The adman's promise of a "square deal' clines in sales. One has all but abandoned tion for your determination and hard work in once was as binding as an oath on the Bible. completing the course, my welcome to you pesticides and is relying on feed supplies for But, today a "square" is a guy who volun­ most of its revenue. Also, under the new pro­ to the commissioned ofilcers corps, and my gram, the bollworm committee is buying what teers when he doesn't have to. best wishes for your continued progress and pesticides it uses under a single contract em­ He's a boob who gets so lost in his works advancement. bracing all member growers, who farm nearly he has to be reminded to go home. 13,000 of the county's 17,000 acres in cotton. A square is a guy who doesn't want to stop The business goes to the lowest bidder. Pre­ at the bar and get all juiced up because he viously, farmers contracted with suppliers prefers to go to his own home, his own din­ THE PLIGHT OF THE SOVIET JEWS individually. ner table, his own bed. Mr. Wooley, who says the agricultural He hasn't learned to cut corners or goof chemical suppliers aren't taking any action off. HON. LEONARD FARBSTEIN This person we call a "square" gets iill because "we don't want to fight," says that OF NEW YORK the startling contrast between 1968 and 1969 choked up when he hears children singing pesticide use by county members of the com­ "My oountry, 'tis of thee ..." IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES mittee is due in large part to the university­ He even believes in God-and says so-­ Monday, August 10, 1970 recommended crash, mass spraying program in public! in 1968. As 2nd Lts you will appear differently to Mr. FARBSTEIN. Mr. Speaker, on The committee concedes that members different people. March 31 I addressed this House in an 28132 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS August 10, 1970 effort to bring to its attention the ever­ have watched all the emerging details of the tlons of faith and education in its history. lncreasing_ plight of the Soviet Jews. story, plus put together a few facts that the The pride of the Soviet Jews has been weak­ Indeed, to seek support for the efforts Kremlin has not supplied, and come up with ened and nearly crushed, but never dispelled. a _pretty accurate idea of just what the And it will remain intact long enough to of Soviet Jews to secure exit visas from Russians have been up to. the Soviet Government, I introduced see its emergence from the Soviet prison to A JOB--BADLY DONE arrive in the Holy Land. House Concurrent Resolution 563, which The weakness of Russia is that it relies condemns the U.S.S.R.'s treatment of its Basically they have done a poor job. Well, that is understandable-they have trouble so heavlly on lies and deceit. Its historians Jewish population. enough getting the truth straight so that spend their time trying to justify fabrica­ -Since my introduction of that resolu­ when it comes to producing an entire fiction tions and rewriting the facts to suit the ends. tion the plight of the Soviet Jews has not from beginning to end, there are a few loose It is the responsib11ity of the Western na­ decreased. Their sufferings are un­ threads sticking out. tions, until such a time as they :finally move diminished. Unfortunately, because of a In essence, the Soviet Union has sought to to free the captive peoples of the Russian put an end-as heavy-handed as possible­ empire, to make known all the falseness and virtual news blackout on this subject inherent weakness of the Soviet regime. imposed by the Soviet Union, the serious­ to the growing unrest in the captive Jewish population. Thousands of Jews caught in the If other nations do nothing to expose the ness oi their situation is kept from the Russian squeeze against Jews and Israel, baseness of Russian subversion, then they freedom loving people of the world. have voiced their desire to emigrate to the are guilty of aiding and abetting the Krem­ Therefore, I am inserting ln the RECORD Jewish state. Nothing could be further from lin's crimes against humanity. Mr. Paul Robinson's perceptive article, the ambitions of the Russian leaders. There which does much to present to the world are at least three million Jews trapped in the true proportion of the crisis involv­ Russia relegated to levels of second- and ing the Soviet Jews: third-class citizenship. They are not per­ REGULATION OF SUPPLEMENTAL mitted to practice their religious beliefs, they AIR CARRIERS THE CRIME OF THE CENTURY have been denied even the study of Yiddish (By Paul Robinson) as a language of their families, and have been It is no great revelation that the Russian forced out of nearly all positions of respon­ government lacks even a modest share of sibility or professional practice on the fic­ HON. ANCHER NELSEN compassion, hunger, a sense of justice or the titious pretext that some member of OF MINNESOTA courage to be challenged. But even as shal­ their family-no matter how far removed IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES low as those traits are, they are abundant or even nonexistent--has done something to compared to the-Soviet's total lack of iilllagi­ "slander the state" and cause suspicion to Monday, August 10, 1970 nation. For years, the Russians have been fall on all Jews. Mr. NELSEN. Mr. Speaker, there has telling the rest of the world, quite seriously The complications caused by the Jews who recently come to my attention a paper too, that some glorious peasant in the peo­ have voiced their objectives of emigrating to ple's republic was responsible for the inven­ live and build the land of Israel has nearly prepared by the supplemental airlines tion of practioally everything from safety panicked the Kremlin. As a result, there have scoring the Civil Aeronautics Board's pins to Coca Oola. When more modest, but been series of fictions promulgated by the proposals to increase its efforts to en­ slightly peeved Americans and Englishmen Russians against their Jewish inhabitants. force the difference established by Con­ pointed out that their own countrymen had The latest is the hijacking scheme. As a re­ gress between the scheduled and sup­ come up With the inventions that have had sult of the original story, in which two Jews plemental airlines. the greatest impact on modern clvilwation, were reported to be about to board the fate­ the Russl:ans simply smiled dully and went ful plane, more than a score have been The distinction between the operations on pounding out the propaganda for anyone rounded up and charged with crimes relat­ of the supplemental carriers and those who could not put their fingers in their ears. ing to the story. Their personal property, of the scheduled carriers was set forth But that exhibition of the Soviet's insen­ such as it is, has been seized, their homes by Congress in 1962, when that body de­ sitivity to reality and the honest facts hias were stripped bare by the secret agents, their cided that it wa.s in the national interest been easily toppled by the present surge of rights as even the lowest citizens have been to maintain an air transportation system tabrica.tion connected with a mythical hi­ denied, and these unfortunate Jews are that met the basic air transportation jacking attempt by a handtul of emlgration­ charged with crimes that are as deadly as they are untrue. needs of the Nation as a whole--a system minded Soviet Jews. According to the level that operated 12 months of the year and of the current purge being oarried on in Rus­ NO CHANCE FOR EMIGRATION sl:a, especially in the city of Riga where served small a.s well as large communi­ The desired result of the Big Lie technique ties. Congress recognized the scheduled ma.ny Jews live, it would seem certain that in the hands of the Soviets ls to put a stop these "malcontents" had not only attempted to the supposed "rush for visas" by the airlines as the part of the system that to destroy the entire Soviet air force but had three million Jews. In all honesty, the great­ filled those requirements. also been planning to free a.11 the satellite est portion of those Jews have been so in­ At the same time, Congress recognized countries and depose Naser just for laughs. timidated and weakened by the years and the that it was in the public interest to have Jews are being rounded up by the Soviet ferocity of the Soviet anti-Semitism that secret police a.t an alarming rate, most of another port of the system that offered there is likely to be little rush for emigra­ charter service to the public-that sup­ them for the famed Soviet crime Of being tion permits. Too, few Jews would believe it related to someone who has just been pros­ could happen. And judging by the events plemented scheduled services. That role ecuted. that the Kreinlln has caused to take place, was assigned to the supplemental A TOTAL FABRICATION they are pitifully correct. But the Soviet op· carriers. There is no question in Western political pressors will not be satisfied until the last The international air transportation circles that the hijacking of a Russian air­ remnant of idealized freedom ls erased from policy statement recently issued by the liner by a tiny group of Jews (and non-Jews the Jewish community. And so they are en­ President clearly reasserts the different who the Kremlin wants to prosecute on any gaged in the current "hijacking" purge. A roles of the scheduled and supplemental charge it can trump up) is a fiction created good excuse to further weaken the Jews has carriers and emphasizes that this dis­ in the heart of Moscow by headline-conscious never been passed up by the Soviets. propagandists. The story was aimed at the But it will never be that all of the Krem­ tinction be maintained. The policy American market which has become slightly lin's machinations will always go against statement says: less shocked at the increasing rate of airline the Jews successfully. As a revolutionary "Scheduled services are of vital importance hijackings in recent months. American audi­ force within the Soviet Union, the Jews do to air transportation and offer services to ences would easily swallow the dramatic not constitute even a petty nuisance. The the public which a.re not provided by charter episode, thought the Kremlin, since the plane fact that the Kremlin has been unable, how­ services. Only scheduled services are expected "re-routings" are common enough here. ever, to destroy the ethnic identification of to offer regular and dependably frequent But what the Russians did not count on, the Jews in Russia a.fer all these years of schedules, provide extensive :flexibility in and appear to have no imagination to foresee, torture and cruelty ls the essential strength length of stay, and maintain worldwide is that when anyone tries to break their way of the Jews-and they can and will defy all routes, including routes to areas of low traffio out of the Iron Curtain, it's news here, the Soviet purges and propaganda. The basic volume. Substantial impairment of sched­ very big news. And the idea that a group Russian fear of the strength, or ab1lity, or uled services could result in travelers and of Russians--not Poles or Czechs or Hun­ wisdom of the Jew has kept the Jews from shippers losing the ability to obtain these garians--were trying to hijack a plane to fly successful assimilation into Soviet life. As a benefits. Accordingly, in any instances where out of Russia became a major source of result of the mistrust, the Russians have a substantial impairment of scheduled serv­ tnterest and wonder in the West. So it has served the greater purpose of keeping the ices appears likely, it would be appropriate, not been unusual that Western observers Jews an ethnic entity, strong in the convic- where necessary to avoid prejudice t.o the August 10, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMA!lKS 28133 public interest, to take steps to prevent such Joint Committee on Environment-I was does not provide for any new programs or impairment. a cosponsor of a bill which the House ap­ authority. proved this summer that would establish a Instead of making NOAA an independent In its recent proposals to strengthen new committee in Congress, composed of 11 agency, the President's plan places it in the it.s air carrier charter regulations, the Representatives and 11 Senators. This Joint Commerce Department. It places existing of­ CAB is quite properly serving notice that Committee on the Environment would study fices under a single umbrella, including the it intends to be more vigilant in the fu­ and review environmental changes, their ef­ Environmental Science Services Administra­ ture in carrying out the directives set fects on population, communities and indus­ tion, the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, forth by Congress in 1962 and reasserted tries, and the need for private and public the Office of Sea Grant Programs, and a num­ by the President's recent air policy state­ planning and investment in housing, water ber of other programs. resources, oceanography, pollution control, In my 9plnion, this reorganization accom­ ment. food supplies, education, automation, fish plishes little except better coordination of The critics of the CAB seem to have and wildlife, forestry, mining, communica­ existing programs and the major thrust of missed this point. tions, transportation, power supplies, wel­ the agency will be concerned with exploita­ fare and other services and facilities. It tion rather than conservation. NOAA should would not have a legislative function and begin operation early in September unless would not duplicate efforts of other commit­ Congress should veto the plan. This appears IMPROVING THE ENVffiONMENT tees, but would make recommendations to doubtful. the Congress that would be acted on by leg­ SEPARATE AGENCY TO POLICE POLLUTION islative committees. The Senate has not acted on this bill as yet. Simultaneously, the President sent anoth­ HON. GEORGE E. BROWN, JR. er reorganization plan to Congress. This Youth Conservation Corps-A very inter­ OF CALIFORNIA would establish the Environmental Protec­ esting experimental program has been passed tion Agency-an independent agency con­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES by both the House and Senate-over the ob­ solidating all major programs now in exist­ Monday, August 10, 1970 jections of the Administration-which would, ence for combaiting pollution. Again, because in the House version, establish a pilot pro­ the President's powers are limited to reorga­ Mr. BROWN of California. Mr. Speak­ gram called the Youth Conservation Corps nizing current programs, no new protection er, I am sending a newsletter to concerned to employ 3,000 youths aged 16 to 18 in con­ is provided. I would say, however, that this citizens in my district regarding recent servation work during the summer. This pro­ agency is probably the vehicle which wlll be developments in Washington related to gram is designed both to provide jobs and given authority in future efforts to strength­ improving the environment in which we to give youths an opportunity to learn about en Federal controls over pollution. conservation and natural resources at the The EPA will be comprised of the Federal live. same time, and would be administered by The text of the newsletter follows: Water Quality Administration, certain pes­ the Departments of Agriculture and Interior. ticide research programs from the Interior NEWSLETl'ER Environmental Education Act-I also co­ Department, the National Air Pollution Con­ There have been some significant develop­ sponsored this new plan, which the House trol Administration, parts of the Environ­ ments related to our national policies in re­ has just recently approved, and I believe it mental Control Administration and the Food spect to our environment since I last made shows a great deal of promise. This bill au­ and Drug Administration, pesticides regis­ a report on this subject. I wish that I could thorizes a 3-year, $45 million grant program tration authority of the Department of Ag­ report that these developments reflected a in environmental education. Funds would be riculture, the standard-setting functions of strong commitment on the part of Congress used to begin such programs in elementary the Atomic Energy Commission, the Federal or the Administration to move ahead sharply and secondary schools, develop curricula in Radiation Council's functions, and certain with broad new authorities or standards environmental studies, train teachers, pub­ research authority of the Council on En­ that would bring about immediate or drastic lic service personnel, government employees, vironmental Quality. improvements. and business leaders, and develop adult and According to the President's message, community environmental education pro­ RECENT CONGRESSIONAL ACTION NOAA and EPA would be expected to work grams. A 21-member Advisory Committee on together closely, as well as with the Council Clean Air Act.-The House of Representa­ Environmental Education would be appoint­ on Environmental Quality. An additional 60 tives recently extended the Clean Air Act for ed by the Secretary of HEW, and the Com­ days on top of the usual 60 days for Con­ another three years, increasing the spending mittee would include, by law, at least 3 gressional review was provided in the EPA level to a total of $725 million over a period ecologists and 3 students. plan, which would bring it into being early of three years. Current spending has been LEGAL RIGHTS AGAINST POLLUTERS in November if Congress does not disap­ -about $95 million per year. Attempts to prove. strengthen the law were all defeated. These I recently added another proposal to the included allowing states to establish emis­ package of bills I have sponsored during the NATIONAL LAND USE POLICY NEEDED sion standards stricter than Federal levels, 91st Congress dealing with the environment. During the past six months I have been authorizing HEW to control fuel additives, This bill would give ordinary citizens a new conferring with some of the most outstand­ banning internal combustion engines by "standing" in Federal courts and adminis­ ing environmentalists in the state of Cali­ 1978, and the elimination of "economic feasi­ trative agencies. If passed, citizens would fornia. Our purpose has been to approach bility" as one of the considerations that are have the right to sue polluters for damage the problems of the environment from an used in establishing emission standards for to the total environment rather than on the overall basis. We established a Scientific new stationary sources of air pollution. The narrow basis of specific economic damage Advisory Panel, and with the help of this Senate has not acted on this b111 as yet. to themselves, as at present. Judiciary Com­ Panel, I authored and introduced H.R. 17190, Solid Waste Disposal.-The House has also mittee hearings were held in the House on entitled the Comprehensive Land Use Act of recently extended the Solid Waste Disposal this plan early in August. 1970. Act for an additional three years, directing PRESIDENT SUBMITS REORGANIZATION PLANS This bill is designed to ensure the orderly the Secretary of Health, Education and Wel­ DEALING WITH ENVIRONMENT development and use of land throughout fare to make a thorough study on economical At the last meeting of my Scientific Ad­ the nation in such a way that the needs means of recovering useful materials from visory Panel, we had a good deal of discus­ of all local jurisdictions-including abutting solid waste, uses of such materials and the sion revolving around the bill which had cities, counties and states-and the nation market impact of such recovery; appropriate been introduced in Congress proposing the at large, as well, will be taken into consider­ incentive programs, including tax incentives, establishment of a National Oceanic and At­ ation in developing any parcel of land. to aid in solid waste disposal; reasonable mospheric Agency (NOAA). The criticism by Urban sprawl, environmental decay, dying changes in existing production and packaging the Panel generally centered on the fact that cities, and other ills of our society are, in methods to reduce the amount of solid waste; there were no provisions for funding studies a large part, caused by the lack of adequate and reasonable methods of waste collection and research, or for policing pollution. The planning and foresight in predetermining and containerization. Authorization is also the land needs of our country. provided to establish demonstration projects b111 proposed an independent agency that The bill proposes a National Council which on techniques developed through this re­ would administer and coordinate the na­ would set forth the land priorities and needs search, and to make grants to states and local tion's civil marine and atmospheric pro­ of each region which is created under its governments for improvements in solid waste grams. auspices. It also utilizes a Federal-state rev­ disposal practices. Funds for these purposes President Nixon recently announced that enue sharing concept in returning to the increase from $83 million in fiscal 1971 to he plans to establish NOAA by Executive states a portion of their corporate and per­ $216 million in fiscal 1973. The Senate Public Order. Under the reorganization powers giv­ sonal income taxes derived from those states Works Committee reported its own version of en to the President he can, in the interest of for the purpose of implementing land de­ this extension in late July, and this bill ls on more efficient administration, reshuffie juris­ velopment plans after approval by Regional the calendar awaiting Floor action. diction within the Executive branch. This Councils.