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Vodič Za Predmet Univerza v Ljubljani Naravoslovnotehniška fakulteta Oddelek za geologijo Vodič za predmet SKLEPNE TERENSKE VAJE 2008 - Severna Italija in Toskana 26.05.–04.06.2008 Avtorja in organizatorja vaj: doc. dr. Andrej Šmuc asist. dr. Timotej Verbovšek Ljubljana, 21.05.2008 Trasa ekskurzije v Severno Italijo in v Toskano, 26.05.-04.06.2008 1. Dan: ponedeljek 26.05.2008 1. Vajont: plaz 2. Belluno bazen:mezozojska stratigrafija Spanje: Trento 2 Dan: torek 27.05.2008 (vodstvo prof. Luca Martire) 1. Monte Baldo: Madona di Corona (Trento plato) 2. Cava Viannini: aktivni kamnolom ammonitica rossa Spanje: Biassa (Cinque Terre) 3. Dan: sreda 28.05.2008 1. Cinque Terre – oligocenski fliši ter ligurijski ofioliti Spanje: Marina di Massa 4. Dan: četrtek 29.05.2008 1. Carrara: marmor 2. Metamorfni kompleks Apuanskih alp Spanje: Marina di Massa 5. Dan: petek 30.05.2008 (vodstvo dr. Alessia Arias) 1. Larderello (geotermija) in fumarole pri Monterotondu 2. Posledice rudarjenja pri Boccheggianu Spanje: Castle of Selvole (pri Sieni) 6. Dan: sobota 31.05.2008 (vodstvo Anton Marn) 1. prost dan za obisk Siene in Chiantija Spanje: Castle of Selvole (pri Sieni) 7. Dan: nedelja 01.06.2008, (vodstvo prof. Andrea Brogi) 1. Le Crete, Rapolano terme: izločanje travertina ob aktivnem prelomu 2. Bagno Vignoni ali Bagni San Filippo: termalne vode 3. Radicofani: vulkanizem Spanje: Bolsena 8. Dan: ponedeljek 02.06.2008 1. Bolsena: bazalti s stebrastim krojenjem 2. Latera: lavin tok 3. Pitigliano: ignimbriti 4. Terme di Saturnia (Le Cascatelle): travertin Spanje: Piombino 9. Dan: torek 03.06.2008 (vodstvo lokalnega geologa) 1. Elba: orudenja, skarni, graniti Spanje: Piombino 10. Dan: sreda 04.06.2008 (vodstvo Nevio Pugliese) 1. Gradež - Oglej: lagune Vrnitev v Ljubljano Seznam udeležencev ITALIJA Naša predstavništva Št. Priimek Veleposlaništvo Republike Slovenije 01 BAVEC ŠPELA Via Leonardo Pisano 10 00197 Roma 02 BIZJAK NEJC Italy Tel: (+) 39 06 80 914 310 03 ČINČ PETRA Fax: (+) 39 06 80 81 471 04 DOBNIKAR META Elektronska pošta: [email protected] 05 FUKS TADEJ Pristojno za: Italija, San Marino, Malta 06 GAJSER ANDREJA Nj. eksc. g. dr. Andrej Capuder, veleposlanik 07 JERIČ MARJA Generalni konzulat Republike Slovenije 08 KLASINC MATJAŽ Ul./Via S. Giorgio 1 34123 Trst - Trieste 09 KOMAR DARJA Italy 10 KOVAČIČ ŽIGA Tel: (+) 39 040 30 78 55 Fax: (+) 39 040 30 82 66 11 LAJMIŠ LEA Elektronska pošta: [email protected] 12 MARUŠIČ DAVOR g. Jožef Šušmelj, generalni konzul 13 MAVC MIRO 14 MILAVEC JURIJ Konzulat Republike Slovenije Vialle della Regione 54, 93100 Caltanissetta 15 MILETIĆ SNJEŽANA Italy 16 MLINAR TJAŠA Tel: (+) 39 09 345 981 60 17 PETERNEL TINA Fax: (+) 39 09 345 570 56 18 PRKIČ NINA Agostino Ginerva, častni konzul 19 ROJC KRISTJAN Konzulat Republike Slovenije 20 ROZMAN DAVID Borgo Pinti, 82/R, 50121 Firenze 21 ROŽIČ BOŠTJAN Italy 22 SENEKOVIČ MOJCA Tel: (+) 39 05 52 420 22 23 SLAPNIK ANDREJA Fax: (+) 39 05 52 450 03 Elektronska pošta: [email protected] 24 ŠMUC ANDREJ Piero Tacconi, častni konzul 25 ŠRAM DEJAN 26 ŠVARC KATJA 27 UDOVČ MIRAN Tuja predstavništva 28 VERBOVŠEK TIMOTEJ Veleposlaništvo Italijanske republike Snežniška ulica 8 SI-1000 Ljubljana Slovenija Tel: (+) 386 1 426 21 94 Fax: (+) 386 1 425 33 02 Elektronska pošta: pošta: [email protected] Nj. eksc. g. Daniele Verga, veleposlanik Zavarovanje CORIS Generalni konzulat Italijanske republike Belvedere 2 št. police: 183122 (nosilec T. Verbovšek) SI-6000 Koper 24-urna tel. št: +386 1 5192020 Slovenija Tel: (+) 386 5 627 37 49 Fax: (+) 386 5 627 37 46 Elektronska pošta: [email protected] g. Carlo Gambacurta, generalni konzul 160 Article by William Cavazza1 and Forese Carlo Wezel2 The Mediterranean region—a geological primer 1 Dept. of Earth and Geoenvironmental Sciences, Univ. of Bologna, Italy. [email protected] 2 Institute of Environmental Dynamics, University of Urbino, Italy. [email protected] The last twenty-five years of geological investigation of the Mediterranean region have disproved the traditional Introduction notion that the Alpine-Himalayan mountain ranges Many important ideas and influential geological models have been originated from the closure of a single, albeit complex, developed based on research undertaken in the Mediterranean oceanic domain—the Tethys. Instead, the present-day region. For example, the Alps are the most studied orogen in the geological configuration of the Mediterranean region is world, their structure has been elucidated in great detail for the most part and has served as an orogenic model applied to other collisional the result of the creation and ensuing consumption of orogens. Ophiolites and olistostromes were defined and studied for two major oceanic basins—the Paleotethys and the the first time in this region. The Mediterranean Sea has possibly the Neotethys—and of additional smaller oceanic basins highest density of DSDP/ODP sites in the world, and extensive within an overall regime of prolonged interaction research on its Messinian deposits and on their on-land counterparts has provided a spectacular example for the generation of widespread between the Eurasian and the African-Arabian plates. basinal evaporites. Other portions of this region are less well under- In greater detail, there is still some debate about exactly stood and are now the focus of much international attention. what Tethys existed at what time. A consensus exists as The Mediterranean domain as a whole provides a present-day geodynamic analog for the final stages of a continent-continent col- to the presence of (i) a mainly Paleozoic paleotethyan lisional orogeny. Over this area, the oceanic lithospheric domains ocean north of the Cimmerian continent(s); (ii) a originally present between the Eurasian and African-Arabian plates younger late Paleozoic-Mesozoic neotethyan ocean have been subducted and partially obducted, except for the Ionian basin and the southeastern Mediterranean. The array of intercon- located south of this continent, and finally; (iii) a middle nected, yet discrete, Mediterranean orogens have been traditionally Jurassic ocean, the Alpine Tethys-Valais, an extension of considered collectively as the result of an "Alpine" orogeny, when the central Atlantic ocean in the western Tethyan instead they are the result of diverse tectonic events spanning some 250 Ma, from the late Triassic to the Quaternary. To further compli- domain. Additional late Paleozoic to Mesozoic back-arc cate the picture, throughout the prolonged history of convergence marginal basins along the active Eurasian margin com- between the two plates, new oceanic domains have been formed as plicated somewhat this simple picture. The closure of back-arc basins either (i) behind active subduction zones during these heterogeneous oceanic domains produced a sys- Permian-Mesozoic time, or (ii) possibly associated to slab roll-back during Neogene time, when the advanced stage of lithospheric cou- tem of connected yet discrete orogenic belts which vary pling reduced the rate of active subduction. in terms of timing, tectonic setting and internal archi- This contribution is by no means intended as a thorough tecture, and cannot be interpreted as the end product of description of the geological structure of the Mediterranean region. As an introduction to this special issue of Episodes, this paper aims a single "Alpine" orogenic cycle. at (i) providing the reader unfamiliar with the geological structure of In Neogene time, following prolonged indentation the Mediterranean with an updated, although opinionated, overview along the Alpine front, a number of small continental of such complex area, particularly in terms of description of the main microterranes (Kabylies, Balearic Islands, Sardinia-Cor- geological elements and their paleogeographic-paleotectonic evolu- tion, and (ii) setting the stage for the following articles dealing with sica, Calabria) rifted off the European-Iberian continen- various aspects of the geology of Italy. Given the space constraints, tal margin and drifted toward south or southeast, leaving fulfilling these tasks clearly involved (over)simplification of a com- in their wake areas of thinned continental crust (e.g. plex matter and in some cases rather drastic choices had to be made among different explanations and/or models proposed by various Valencia Trough) or small oceanic basins (Algerian, authors. Similarly, only the main references are cited and the inter- Provençal and Tyrrhenian basins). The E Mediterranean ested reader should refer to the list of references therein for further is similarly characterized by widespread Neogene exten- details on the vast research dedicated to the area. Our sincere apolo- gies to our Mediterranean colleagues for this simplistic synthesis of sional tectonism, as indicated by thinning of continental the magnificently complex geology of their countries. crust along low-angle detachment faults in the Aegean Sea and the periaegean regions. Overall, Neogene exten- sion in the Mediterranean can be explained as the result Overview of present-day Mediterranean of roll-back of the N-dipping subducting slab along the geological elements Ionian-E Mediterranean subduction zones. The complex Neogene geologic scenario of the Mediterranean is com- The present-day geological configuration of the Mediterranean domain is dominated by a system of connected fold-and-thrust belts plicated further by the deposition of widespread evapor- and associated foreland and back-arc basins (Figure 1). These differ- ites during Messinian (late Miocene) time. ent belts
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