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An Analysis of the Afar-Somali Conflict in Ethiopia and Djibouti
Regional Dynamics of Inter-ethnic Conflicts in the Horn of Africa: An Analysis of the Afar-Somali Conflict in Ethiopia and Djibouti DISSERTATION ZUR ERLANGUNG DER GRADES DES DOKTORS DER PHILOSOPHIE DER UNIVERSTÄT HAMBURG VORGELEGT VON YASIN MOHAMMED YASIN from Assab, Ethiopia HAMBURG 2010 ii Regional Dynamics of Inter-ethnic Conflicts in the Horn of Africa: An Analysis of the Afar-Somali Conflict in Ethiopia and Djibouti by Yasin Mohammed Yasin Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree PHILOSOPHIAE DOCTOR (POLITICAL SCIENCE) in the FACULITY OF BUSINESS, ECONOMICS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES at the UNIVERSITY OF HAMBURG Supervisors Prof. Dr. Cord Jakobeit Prof. Dr. Rainer Tetzlaff HAMBURG 15 December 2010 iii Acknowledgments First and foremost, I would like to thank my doctoral fathers Prof. Dr. Cord Jakobeit and Prof. Dr. Rainer Tetzlaff for their critical comments and kindly encouragement that made it possible for me to complete this PhD project. Particularly, Prof. Jakobeit’s invaluable assistance whenever I needed and his academic follow-up enabled me to carry out the work successfully. I therefore ask Prof. Dr. Cord Jakobeit to accept my sincere thanks. I am also grateful to Prof. Dr. Klaus Mummenhoff and the association, Verein zur Förderung äthiopischer Schüler und Studenten e. V., Osnabruck , for the enthusiastic morale and financial support offered to me in my stay in Hamburg as well as during routine travels between Addis and Hamburg. I also owe much to Dr. Wolbert Smidt for his friendly and academic guidance throughout the research and writing of this dissertation. Special thanks are reserved to the Department of Social Sciences at the University of Hamburg and the German Institute for Global and Area Studies (GIGA) that provided me comfortable environment during my research work in Hamburg. -
General Index
General Index Italic page numbers refer to illustrations. Authors are listed in ical Index. Manuscripts, maps, and charts are usually listed by this index only when their ideas or works are discussed; full title and author; occasionally they are listed under the city and listings of works as cited in this volume are in the Bibliograph- institution in which they are held. CAbbas I, Shah, 47, 63, 65, 67, 409 on South Asian world maps, 393 and Kacba, 191 "Jahangir Embracing Shah (Abbas" Abywn (Abiyun) al-Batriq (Apion the in Kitab-i balJriye, 232-33, 278-79 (painting), 408, 410, 515 Patriarch), 26 in Kitab ~urat ai-arc!, 169 cAbd ai-Karim al-Mi~ri, 54, 65 Accuracy in Nuzhat al-mushtaq, 169 cAbd al-Rabman Efendi, 68 of Arabic measurements of length of on Piri Re)is's world map, 270, 271 cAbd al-Rabman ibn Burhan al-Maw~ili, 54 degree, 181 in Ptolemy's Geography, 169 cAbdolazlz ibn CAbdolgani el-Erzincani, 225 of Bharat Kala Bhavan globe, 397 al-Qazwlni's world maps, 144 Abdur Rahim, map by, 411, 412, 413 of al-BlrunI's calculation of Ghazna's on South Asian world maps, 393, 394, 400 Abraham ben Meir ibn Ezra, 60 longitude, 188 in view of world landmass as bird, 90-91 Abu, Mount, Rajasthan of al-BlrunI's celestial mapping, 37 in Walters Deniz atlast, pl.23 on Jain triptych, 460 of globes in paintings, 409 n.36 Agapius (Mabbub) religious map of, 482-83 of al-Idrisi's sectional maps, 163 Kitab al- ~nwan, 17 Abo al-cAbbas Abmad ibn Abi cAbdallah of Islamic celestial globes, 46-47 Agnese, Battista, 279, 280, 282, 282-83 Mu\:lammad of Kitab-i ba/Jriye, 231, 233 Agnicayana, 308-9, 309 Kitab al-durar wa-al-yawaqft fi 11m of map of north-central India, 421, 422 Agra, 378 n.145, 403, 436, 448, 476-77 al-ra~d wa-al-mawaqft (Book of of maps in Gentil's atlas of Mughal Agrawala, V. -
Slavery in the Sudan: a Historical Survey 23
Durham E-Theses Domestic slavery in the nineteenth- and early twentieth-century northern Sudan Sharkey, Heather Jane How to cite: Sharkey, Heather Jane (1992) Domestic slavery in the nineteenth- and early twentieth-century northern Sudan, Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/5741/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk 2 Domestic Slavery in the Nineteenth- and Early Twentieth-Century Northern Sudan by Heather Jane Sharkey A thesis submitted to the University of Durham in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Philosophy in Modem Middle Eastern Studies. Centre for Middle Eastern & Islamic Studies University of Durham 1992 ? 1 Dec 1992 Table of Contents Abstract iii Acknowledgements iv A Note on Orthography and Transliteration v Chapter 1: The Subject and the Sources 1 Chapter -
Side Dishes British
V Fresh "Malindi" Green Salad "Sea Of Zanj" Ceviche With Egg Lime Infused Crab & Red Snapper 18,000 22,000 V "Beach House" Salad Seared "Tumbatu" Yellow Fin Tuna Avocado, Mango, Tomato & Feta Cheese Pepper Crusted with Garlic Chips 20,000 24,000 V Papaya "Mti" Salad "Kidichi" Passion & Prawn Cocktail “Zanzibarian” Urojo Soup Spiced with Cashew Nuts 24,000 With Beef Mishkaki, Potatoes, Cassava, 18,000 Onions, Kachori, Bhajia, Tomatoes 20,000 "Archipelago" Seafood Salad WARM STARTERS 24,000 Seafood Spaghetti Sauteed Giuliani Queen Prawns in Garlic Mixed Seafood of the Day "Kaskazi" Spiced Beef Salad 32,000 38,000 22,000 "Indian Ocean" Deep Fried Calamari "Kuku Wa Kupaka" With Tamarind Sauce Grilled Chicken in Sweet & Spicy Coconut Sauce with Rice 16,000 24,000 "Tanganyika" Fisherman Seafood Platter Rock Lobster, Prawns, Calamari & Tuna Steak with Kachumbari Salad 75,000 "Sultanante Of Zanzibar" Whole Fish Baked Changu with Mild Omani Spices and Tahini Sauce 32,000 "Spiced Kisiwa" Curry "Simich" Fish Fillet Shrimp & Fish served with Rice 32,000 Foil Baked Catch of the Day served with Pita Bread and Salad Chicken served with Rice 22,000 30,000 "Chumbe" Chicken Tikka 22,000 "Kizimbani Falifuli" Steak Served on a Baked Bread Beef Fillet in a Black Pepper Creamy Sauce V Vegeterian "Swahili" Biryani 22,000 40,000 Tumeric "Binzari" Jumbo Prawns 55,000 Served with Rice "A Raia" Seafood Paella BRITISH Sa ron Spiced Seafood Rice "Kusi" Red Snapper 40,000 Grilled Fish Fillet served on a Bed of Vegetables 28,000 Chicken Paella From "Dunga" Sa ron Spiced -
From Agriculture to Ecotourism: Socio-Economic Change, Community Development and Environmental Sustainability in a Costa Rican Village
From Agriculture to Ecotourism: Socio-Economic Change, Community Development and Environmental Sustainability in a Costa Rican Village By Josephine Howitt Thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies In partial fulfillment of the requirements For the Master of Arts in Globalization and International Development School of International Development and Global Studies Faculty of Social Sciences University of Ottawa © Josephine Howitt, Ottawa, Canada, 2012 Abstract: This research is an ethnographic case study of the emerging ecotourism economies in the agricultural village of San Gerardo de Rivas, Pérez Zeledón, Costa Rica. Due to the village’s location as the main entry point to climb the country’s tallest mountain within Chirripó National Park, the majority of households in San Gerardo now derive some income from tourism. I conducted twenty household surveys, followed by twenty-one semi-structured interviews with male and female heads of households and representatives of local organizations and tourism businesses. Drawing on local perspectives, I found that ecotourism was a complementary income source to agriculture and that men and women were engaging differently in ecotourism employment. Local organizations were involved in the participatory management of ecotourism activities within Chirripó National Park. Ecotourism has affected environmental practices and local people are strategically negotiating the direction of tourism development, including through using environmental discourses, to optimize the benefits to their community. ii Acknowledgements I would like to thank the individuals from San Gerardo de Rivas who participated in my research and shared their time and experiences with me. I am so grateful to the community members who welcomed me to their village and invited me to community events, to visit their farms or to enjoy a coffee and pan casero (homemade bread) while waiting for the rain to ease. -
Hospitality Management and Public Relations
HOSPITALITY MANAGEMENT AND PUBLIC RELATIONS BTS MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS 1. If you are staying in a five star hotel , you are an a) Extra high budgeted tourist b) Guest of the hotel c) Middle budgeted tourist d) Guest of the company that has invited you 2. A Dharamshala is suitable for a) Those business man who can stay in graded hotels b) Low income families c) Only rich merchants d) All the above 3. What is the main feature of a time share establishment a) It is a private property b) Its rooms / resources are shared by guests / tourists according to specified time schedules. c) It is a facility of one star grade d) None of these 4. In a single bedroom , the number of glasses given to the guests is a) 1 b) 2 c) 4 d) None of these 5. Where is hotel Ashok located in New Delhi a) Jor Bagh b) Chanakya puri c) Sunder Nagar d) New Friends Colony 6. The guest enters into a large hotel from its a) Lobby b) Front Office c) Reception d) Restaurant 7. Cocktails are mixed only by expect cocktail makers or experienced bar tenders. Infact, they are proud of their skills. Why is that so ? a) Cocktails are difficult to make b) It is important to mix different liquors and fruit juices in a correct proportion , the guest should not digest on add cocktail and become sick c) They are at the forefront of the sales departments in the bar and so, they feel proud of their cocktail making skills. -
The Cowboy Wa Y Interview: Janine Tu R N Er and Constituting America
The Cowboy Wa y Interview: Janine Tu r n er and Constituting America FALL 2010 Fifty Miles from Home Riding the Long Circle on a Nevada Family Ranch Cowboys & Presidents: Cold War Cowboys Horseback Getaway: The Hunewill Ranch Tom Russell’s Lunch with Tom Lea The Living Words of the Constitution Part 12 Display until December 15 www.paragonfoundation.org $5.95 US The Journal of the PARAGON Foundationion,, Inc. OUR MISSION The PARAGON Foundation provides for education, research and the exchange of ideas in an effort to promote and support Constitutional principles, individual freedoms, private property rights and the continuation of rural customs and culture – all with the intent of celebrating and continuing our Founding Fathers vision for America. The PARAGON Foundation, Inc. • To Educate and Empower We invite you to join us. www.paragonfoundation.org photo by Guy de Galard Fall 2010 Volume 6 No. 3 William C. Reynolds EDITOR Nicole Krebs ASSOCIATE EDITOR marilyn Fisher SPECIAL FEATURES EDITOR Robin Ireland ART DIRECTOR linda Dufurrena FEATURED PHOTOGRAPHER Darrell arnold Julie Chase Baldocchi myron Beck mark Bedor Robert Dawson Guy de Galard Jay Dusard Dan Gagliasso Heather Hafleigh adam Jahiel Thea marx B. Byron Price CONTRIBUTORS THE PARAGON FOUNDATION GB oliver EXECUTIVE VICE PRESIDENT & PUBLISHER Don “Bebo” lee VICE PRESIDENT Jonna lou Schafer alice eppers SECRETARY TREASURER 2 Stella montoya HONORARY BOARD MEMBER Bobby Jones Daniel martinez DIRECTORS For sponsorship inquiries, contact Nicole Krebs – 575.434.8998 at the PaRaGoN Foundation, Inc. office, 1209 michigan ave., alamogordo, Nm 88310. To join or renew your membership or sponsorship, call toll free 877.847.3443. -
BESTEN Think Tank XV: the Environment People Nexus in Sustainable Tourism: Finding the Balance
BESTEN Think Tank XV: The Environment People Nexus in Sustainable Tourism: Finding the Balance 17-21 June 2015 Faculty of Economic & Management Sciences Division of Tourism Management University of Pretoria South Africa BEST EN Think Tank XV The Environment-People Nexus in Sustainable Tourism : Finding the Balance Proceedings Editor Rachel Hay [email protected] BEST Education Network James Cook University 1 James Cook Drive Townsville QLD 4811 These proceedings are published under a Creative Commons License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/) Publisher James Cook University Townsville, Australia ISBN 978-0-9942333-2-5 To cite papers from these proceedings, please use this format. Lead author surname, Initial, second and subsequent author surname, initial.,(2014)“Title of Paper”, in R. Hay (ed.) Conference Proceedings of BEST EN Think Tank XV. Townsville, Australia: James Cook University, page number(s) of contribution. ii BEST EN Think Tank XV The Environment-People Nexus in Sustainable Tourism : Finding the Balance Preface Dear Friends of BEST EN, We are pleased to present the proceedings of the BEST Education Network (BESTEN) Think Tank XV entitled The Environment People Nexus in Sustainable Tourism: Finding the Balance. The event was held in the Kruger National Park, South Africa, June17-21, 2015, in conjunction with the Faculty of Economic & Management Sciences; Division of Tourism Management; University of Pretoria, South Africa. BEST EN is an international consortium of educators committed to furthering the development and dissemination of knowledge in the field of sustainable tourism. The organization’s annual Think Tank brings together academics and industry representatives from around the world to discuss a particular theme related to sustainable tourism and push the research and education in this specific field forward. -
Sustainable Synergies Between the Cultural and Tourism Industries: an Efficiency Evaluation Perspective
sustainability Article Sustainable Synergies between the Cultural and Tourism Industries: An Efficiency Evaluation Perspective Zhen Su 1,2,* , Joshua R. Aaron 3, William C. McDowell 4 and Dan Dan Lu 2 1 Department of Tourism Management, Business School, Guangxi University, No.100 East Daxue Road, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China 2 Applied Economics Postdoctoral Research Station, Guangxi University, No.100 East Daxue Road, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China; [email protected] 3 Department of Management, Jones College of Business, Middle Tennessee State University, MTSU Box75, Murfreesboro, TN 37132, USA; [email protected] 4 Foster College of Business, Bradley University, 135 Westlake Hall, 1501 West Bradley Avenue, Peoria, IL 61625, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 26 October 2019; Accepted: 20 November 2019; Published: 22 November 2019 Abstract: Cultural tourism has received widespread attention for its role in promoting cultural heritage and economic growth. However, there is insufficient research regarding how to verify the synergy between culture and tourism and how to ensure its sustainability in the integration of the cultural and tourism industries (CTI). This study establishes an interdisciplinary composite analytical framework from the perspective of efficiency evaluation. China, a country that has advocated the integration of CTI since 2009, is the research setting. The findings indicate that the technical efficiency of the tourism industry has increased significantly since the involvement of the cultural industry. Meanwhile, economically underdeveloped regions have opportunities to catch up with developed regions in terms of technical efficiency, and they perform better in terms of sustainable productivity growth. Importantly, U-shaped and inverted U-shaped curves were found in the coordinate systems composed of groups comprising the coupling coordination degree and the efficiency-related index, respectively. -
Philippine Fashion Tourism? Young Filipino Creative Talents Can Make Your Fashion Fantasy Come True \
Philippine Fashion Tourism? Young Filipino Creative Talents Can Make Your Fashion Fantasy Come True \ by Faye Colley There’s no secret about us Filipinos being naturally fashionable. In fact, in the Philippines, we dress-up for no occasion at all. You walk into any mall and you will find people from all walks of life wearing the latest trends. There’s also no secret that Filipinos are very creative. During my recent 2014 trip to the Philippines, I had the honor of meeting a few of the young talents in the Philippine fashion industry that makes me prouder to be Pinoy . We often feature places to see in the Philippines in our newsletter and website, why not people to see? Sure, we have heard of medical tourism, but why not fashion tourism? This article is a quick glimpse on Philippines’ fashion pride — some of the “ Who’s Who ” in photography, styling, make-up, clothes and shoe design. Ahleks Fusilero various covers include 2013 Miss World Megan Young, Photographer 2013 Miss Supranational Mutya Datul, 2012 Miss Uni- verse 1st runner-up Janine Tugonon, 2011 Miss Universe A UP—Diliman Fine Arts (Visual 3rd runner-up Shamcey Supsup, and 2010 Miss Universe Communication & Design) gradu- 4th runner-up Venus Raj. His work has graced publica- ate, Alexis “Ahleks” Fusilero is one tions such as FDAP (Fashion Designers Association of the of the most sought young photogra- Philippines) Magazine and Island Wedding s Magazine. phers in Manila. His pictures trans- Top celebrities he has worked with include Anne Curtis form the ordinary into extraordinary. -
Fashion in Tourism: Is the Importance of Fashion Events Underestimated in Its Effect in the Growth of Tourism in New York, London, Milan, Paris and Finally Athens?
Fashion in Tourism: Is the importance of fashion events underestimated in its effect in the growth of tourism in New York, London, Milan, Paris and finally Athens? SCHOOL OF ECONOMICS, BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION & LEGAL STUDIES A thesis submitted for the degree of Master of Science (MSc) in Hospitality and Tourism Management January 2018 Thessaloniki – Greece 1 Student name: Aikaterini Dikaiou Siaga Sid: 1109150009 Supervisor: Dr Eleni Mavragani I hereby declare that the work submitted is mine and that where I have made use of another‟s work; I have attributed the source(s) according to the Regulations set in the Student‟s Handbook. January 2018 Thessaloniki - Greece 2 Abstract This dissertation was written as part of the MSc in Hospitality and Tourism Management at the International Hellenic University. This dissertation will attempt to show the importance of fashion events in the growth of tourism in New York, London, Milan, Paris and finally the case of Athens will be examined. As fashion in tourism is a niche tourism segment and has not been studied yet, the purpose of this dissertation is to present the basic theories of fashion events and fashion in tourism. Moreover the dissertation purpose aims to analyze the prime movers that have been leading the way to use fashion credentials in order to attract more visitors and boost their economy. Shopping as a tourism motivator will be analyzed at the literature review as nowadays more and more visitors choose fashion and shopping as a way to experience culture. The “Big 4” will be presented and key facts and figures will underline the importance and the value of fashion events as a tourism motivator. -
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SREDNJEMIOCENSKE KREMENIČNE ALGE SLOVENIJE: PALEONTOLOGIJA, STRATIGRAFIJA, PALEOEKOLOGIJA, PALEOBIOGEOGRAFIJA • MIDDLE MIOCENE SILICEOUS ALGAE OF SLOVENIA: PALEONTOLOGY, STRATIGRAPHY, PALEOECOLOGY, PALEOBIOGEOGRAPHY Aleksander Horvat 1 SREDNJEMIOCENSKE KREMENIČNE ALGE SLOVENIJE: PALEONTOLOGIJA, STRATIGRAFIJA, PALEOEKOLOGIJA, PALEOBIOGEOGRAFIJA ALEKSANDER HORVAT MIDDLE MIOCENE SILICEOUS ALGAE OF SLOVENIA: PALEONTOLOGY, STRATIGRAPHY, PALEOECOLOGY, PALEOBIOGEOGRAPHY Recenzenti/Reviewers dr. Špela Goričan, doc. dr. Vasja Mikuž, prof. dr. Jernej Pavšič Prevod/Translated by Simon Pirc Jezikovni pregled/Language editing Tinka Selič Oblikovanje/Design Milojka Žalik Huzjan Izdajatelj/Issued by Paleontološki inštitut Ivana Rakovca ZRC SAZU/ Ivan Rakovec Institute of Paleontology ZRC SAZU Za izdajatelja/Represented by Špela Goričan Založnik/Published by Založba ZRC/ZRC Publishing, ZRC SAZU Za založnika/Represented by Oto Luthar Glavni urednik/Editor-in-Chief Vojislav Likar Tisk/Printed by Tiskarna Collegium graphicum, d.o.o., Ljubljana Izid publikacije je finančno podprlo Ministrstva za šolstvo, znanost in šport Republike Slovenije The publication was supported by The Ministry of Education, Science and Sport of the Republic of Slovenia. CIP - Kataložni zapis o publikaciji Narodna in univerzitetna knjižnica, Ljubljana 561.26(497.4)”6235” HORVAT, Aleksander, 1961- Srednjemiocenske kremenične alge Slovenije : paleontologija, stratigrafija, paleoekologija, paleobiogeografija = Middle miocene siliceous algae of Slovenia : paleontology, stratigraphy,