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BESTEN Think Tank XV: the Environment People Nexus in Sustainable Tourism: Finding the Balance

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BESTEN Think Tank XV: the Environment People Nexus in Sustainable Tourism: Finding the Balance BESTEN Think Tank XV: The Environment People Nexus in Sustainable Tourism: Finding the Balance 17-21 June 2015 Faculty of Economic & Management Sciences Division of Tourism Management University of Pretoria South Africa BEST EN Think Tank XV The Environment-People Nexus in Sustainable Tourism : Finding the Balance Proceedings Editor Rachel Hay [email protected] BEST Education Network James Cook University 1 James Cook Drive Townsville QLD 4811 These proceedings are published under a Creative Commons License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/) Publisher James Cook University Townsville, Australia ISBN 978-0-9942333-2-5 To cite papers from these proceedings, please use this format. Lead author surname, Initial, second and subsequent author surname, initial.,(2014)“Title of Paper”, in R. Hay (ed.) Conference Proceedings of BEST EN Think Tank XV. Townsville, Australia: James Cook University, page number(s) of contribution. ii BEST EN Think Tank XV The Environment-People Nexus in Sustainable Tourism : Finding the Balance Preface Dear Friends of BEST EN, We are pleased to present the proceedings of the BEST Education Network (BESTEN) Think Tank XV entitled The Environment People Nexus in Sustainable Tourism: Finding the Balance. The event was held in the Kruger National Park, South Africa, June17-21, 2015, in conjunction with the Faculty of Economic & Management Sciences; Division of Tourism Management; University of Pretoria, South Africa. BEST EN is an international consortium of educators committed to furthering the development and dissemination of knowledge in the field of sustainable tourism. The organization’s annual Think Tank brings together academics and industry representatives from around the world to discuss a particular theme related to sustainable tourism and push the research and education in this specific field forward. The concept of sustainability in tourism is a challenging one; it is subject to much critical debate, especially with regard to finding an appropriate balance between the different dimensions of sustainable tourism. The location of the 2015 BEST EN Think Tank, Kruger National Park, offers an opportunity to explore the challenges of managing the relationships between people and places that are, or may become, subject to tourism development, including balancing social and economic needs with environmental considerations. The proceedings present work by academics and practitioners worldwide, who research various aspects of the conference theme. They include the abstracts and papers accepted by the scientific committee following a double blind peer review process. We like to take this opportunity to thank the reviewers who donated their time to ensure a professional process: - Dr. Julia N. Albrecht, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand - Dr. Christian Baumgartner, Naturfreunde Internationale, Vienna - Dr. Pierre Benckendorff, Queensland University, Australia - Dr. Sushila Devi, Taylor’s University, Malaysia - Dr. Valentina Dinica, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand - Dr. Deborah Edwards, University of Technology Sydney, Australia - Dr. Megan Epler Wood, Harvard School of Public Health, USA - Prof. Ulrike Gretzel, University of Queensland, Austral - Dr. Felicité Fairer-Wessels, University of Pretoria, South Africa - Prof. Leo Jago, University of Surrey, UK - Dr. Olga Junek, Victoria University, Australia - Dr. Claudia Jurowski, Northern Arizona University, USA - Dr. Erling Kavita, Polytechnic of Namibia, Namibia - Dr. Llewelyn Leonard, University of Johannesburg, South Africa - Dr. Dagmar Lund-Durlacher, MODUL University Vienna, Austria - Dr. Damian Morgan, Federation University of Australia, Australia - Dr. Gianna Moscardo, James Cook University, Australia - Dr. Paolo Mura, Taylor’s University, Malaysia iii BEST EN Think Tank XV The Environment-People Nexus in Sustainable Tourism : Finding the Balance - Dr. Attama Nilnoppakun, Silpakorn University, Thailand - Dr. Ulrike Pröbstl-Haider, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Austria - Mrs. Dorothy Queiros, University of South Africa, South Africa - Mr. Jarmo Ritalahti, Haaga-Helia University of Applied Sciences, Finland - Dr. Mondher Sahli, University of Wellington, NZ - Dr. Caroline Scarles, University of Surrey, UK - Dr. Pauline Sheldon, University of Hawaii, USA - Dr. Marianna Sigala, University of Aegean, Greece - Dr. Elmarie Slabbert, North West University, South Africa - Dr. Uma Thevi Munikrishnan, Taylor’s University Malaysia - Dr. Toney Thomas Taylor’s University Malaysia - Dr. Cinè Van Zyl, University of South Africa, South Africa - Dr. Peter Varga, Ecole hôtelière de Lausanne, France - Dr. Paige Viren, East Carolina University, USA - Dr. Ida Marie Visbech Andersen, Lillebaelt Academy, Denmark - Dr. Stephen Wearing, University of Technology Sydney, Australia - Dr. Chia-Pin (Simon) Wu, National Taiwan University, Taiwan Twenty-four research papers were presented at the conference. Presentations were held within the following themed sessions: . Tourism in Protected Areas . Sustainable Tourism Policy, Assessment and Stakeholder Management . Community Based Tourism . Visitor Management, Engagement and Interpretation The contributions were thematically selected for each group and are arranged in the order presented at the Think Tank XV. The full proceedings as well as the PowerPoint presentations are available on the BEST EN website www.besteducationnetwork.org/ The Editor and the BEST EN Executive Committee anticipate that readers of this volume will find the papers informative, thought provoking and of value to their research. Best wishes, Rachel Hay iv BEST EN Think Tank XV The Environment-People Nexus in Sustainable Tourism : Finding the Balance Contents Preface .......................................................................................................................................... iii Enhancing stakeholders’ participation for sustainable management of protected areas ............. 1 Richie Wandwi ................................................................................................................................ 1 Deconstruction of Man-nature Dialogue Nexus: A Critical Assessment of Stakeholders’ Relationship with Mole National Park .......................................................................................... 16 Michael Kweku Commeh .............................................................................................................. 16 Active community participation in nature conservation and tourism management: A case study analysis of the state of power relations in Southern Africa ......................................................... 35 Jones M. Muzirambi & Kevin F. Mearns ....................................................................................... 35 Protected areas and community wildlife-based tourism influential dynamics on the spiraling of community capitals ...................................................................................................................... 54 MorenTibabo Stone and Gyan P. Nyaupane ................................................................................ 54 Why Africans do not visit their national parks: A case of Botswana ............................................ 56 Lesego S. Stone and Gyan P. Nyaupane ....................................................................................... 56 Social Representations of Tourist Selfies: New Challenges for Sustainable Tourism .................. 59 John Pearce& Gianna Moscardo .................................................................................................. 59 Rural renewal or requiem? Establishing new creative ventures through tourism development in the Namibian rural context .......................................................................................................... 74 Erling Kavita .................................................................................................................................. 74 Perceptions of local communities participation in rural tourism development in promotion of sustainable tourism: a case from Lesotho .................................................................................... 85 Limpho Lekaota & Jarkko Saarined .............................................................................................. 85 A modified value chain analysis of tourism development in the Inlay Lake region, Myanmar . 101 Sonja Frommenwiler & Péter Varga ........................................................................................... 101 Environmental Practices and Hotels’ Performance: an empirical analysis of the accommodation sector in Dubai ............................................................................................................................ 118 Christelle Cortese & Mondher Sahli ............................................................................................ 118 The operational challenges of community-based tourism ventures in Swaziland .................... 123 S.E. Lukhele &K.F. Mearns .......................................................................................................... 123 The social enterprise as a vehicle to poverty alleviation: business models and earning strategies .................................................................................................................................................... 138 Sebastian Ferrari & Dagmar Lund-Durlacher ............................................................................
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