Index

A model innovation, 240, 241, 243, 256 Access to learning, 129 performance, 244, 248, 252–254, 261 Action-oriented, 76, 79, 85–88, 148, 273 perspective, 66, 240, 242 Action research, 12, 7, 136, 141, 146, 149, 188, 192, 274 Active learning, 213, 214, 224 C Adult learning, 188, 189 Capacity building, 4, 7, 16, 66, 76, 79, 88, 120, Andragogy, 188 123, 156, 158, 161, 162, 165, 272, 280 Applied ethics and tourism, 45, 47–49 Carbon footprint, 30, 96 Australian Curriculum, 118, 123–126 Case study(ies), 7, 9, 11, 83, 94, 98, 138, Australian Curriculum Assessment and 141–144, 146, 189, 214, 215, 219, Reporting Authority, 123 229–237, 273 Australian Government Department of Certification schemes, 65, 66, 69 Environment, 121 Challenges, 6, 10, 11, 13, 15, 25–39, 63, 69, Authentic, 46, 50, 52, 62, 215, 216, 220, 279 75–77, 82–84, 86, 87, 94, 98–100, 102–104, 119, 126, 130, 135, 144, 146, 147, 149–150, 155, 156, 159–163, 172, B 175, 178, 181, 190, 193, 203, 205–208, Barriers, 6, 13, 67, 125, 126, 130, 138–140, 216, 223, 241–243, 251, 257, 258, 261, 156, 161–163, 177, 276, 278 278, 281 Barriers to sustainable tourism Change development, 139 attitudes, 2, 10, 111, 176, 190 BEST Education Network, 9, 102 behaviours, 179 Bottom-up initiatives, 96 management, 146, 149 Brundtland report, 2, 27, 28, 33, 120, 124 Changing mind sets, 99 Building capacity, 158, 164 Citizen participation, 135 Building Excellence for Sustainable Tourism Civic responsibility, 8, 103 Education Network (BEST EN), 9–12, Coaching, 107, 155–166, 194, 273, 274, 279 14, 33, 99 Code of Conduct for the Protection of Children Built capital, 29 from sexual exploitation in travel and Business(es) tourism, 64 case, 240, 244, 245, 248, 249, 252–254, Commissioned assignment, 242 257, 258, 263, 264, 266–268 Communication, 6, 8, 10, 68, 76, 78, 79, 82, 88, innovation, 242, 244, 245, 251, 256, 95, 97, 107, 127, 140, 144, 147, 257, 263 172–176, 179, 189, 216, 223, 233, 247

© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2015 285 G. Moscardo, P. Benckendorff (eds.), Education for Sustainability in Tourism, CSR, Sustainability, Ethics & Governance, DOI 10.1007/978-3-662-47470-9 286 Index

Communities of practice, 188, 192 Destination community well-being, 135–140, Community capacity, 149, 280 149, 274 Community conflict, 141 Destination marketing, 144, 172, 174, 175, Community definition, 135, 136, 138 179, 251 Community involvement, 136, 138, 140, Destination perspective, 162 145, 274 Destination planning, 142 Competencies for sustainability, 84–85 Developing countries, 216, 225, 259, 274 Complexity, 8, 11, 66, 77–79, 84, 87, 88, 98, Digital immersion, 213–226, 274 104, 123, 149, 159, 163, 214–216, 245, Diversity, 8, 12, 13, 63, 86, 94, 97, 122, 127, 275, 278–280 146, 194, 214, 276 Constructivist pedagogy, 188, 189, 192 Consultancy skills, 242 Consumption, 3, 8, 25, 26, 35, 36, 38, 69, 81, E 102, 145, 157, 178, 272, 273, 276 Earthrise, 118 Contemporary corporate environment, 248 Eco-accreditation, 30, 34 Contributing to the welfare of local Ecological footprint, 181, 276 communities, 273 Ecotourism, 9, 36–37, 49, 51, 52, 173, 202, Control, 53, 63, 79, 81, 84, 96, 104, 138, 139, 205, 277 147, 148, 162, 178, 190, 226 ECPAT, 64 Coordination, 83, 140, 164, 253 Educating for sustainable development, Corporate identity, 244, 249, 253, 260 121, 130 Corporate perspective, 239–269, 275 Education Corporate social responsibility (CSR) about sustainability, 3, 16, 179, 190, frameworks, 62, 63 194, 274 guidelines, 64 about tourism, 14, 274 implementation, 63 frameworks, 235 instruments, 65–66 policy, 86 pyramid, 61 Educational travel, 108, 230 reporting, 67–68 Education for sustainability (EfS) strategy, 62–65, 68, 69, 244, 245, 249, 253, definition, 3, 7 254, 257, 260–264, 273 knowledge, 3 Creativity, 8, 13, 14, 76, 100, 105, 189, 236, objectives, 3–6 248, 250, 252, 266, 276 principles, 3–6, 275 Critically reflexive practice, 202, 205, 274 skills, 3 Critical pedagogy, 9, 202, 203, 207 teaching strategies, 7–9, 11 Critical thinking, 14, 84, 85, 88, 98, 106, 107, Educators, 5, 7, 9, 11–15, 99, 102, 104, 105, 112, 121, 158, 189, 191, 195, 112, 120, 121, 124, 126, 149, 174, 175, 202–208, 241 187–189, 195–196, 204, 214, 215, Cross cultural differences, 247 272–274, 278–280 Cross-curriculum priority, sustainability, 118, Educators act as role models, 99, 273 123–126 EMAS, 65 Cross-sectorial relationships, 117–130 Embedded curricula, 188 Cultural capital, 29, 138 Empowerment, 138, 139, 148, 149 Curriculum, 4, 5, 7, 9, 50, 51, 94–96, 98–100, Empty versus full world models of the global 112, 117–130, 147, 165, 196, 204, 214, economy, 26 231, 232, 240, 275, 276, 278–279 Engagement, 8, 11, 52, 67, 68, 76, 83–85, 95, Cyber vandalism, 223 99, 112, 124, 128, 140, 145, 148, 177, 188, 189, 191–193, 196, 224, 234, 235, 241, 242, 245, 249, 260, 262, 263 D Environmental education, 2, 3, 95, 110–112, Daintree Discovery Centre, 127 118–122, 125, 165 Design business model, 249 Environmental interpretation, 125, 127, 129 Index 287

Environmental management systems, 30, 65, Government agencies, 174 82, 121 Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority, 125 Environmental protection, 66, 69, 149, 273 Guides, 6, 13, 14, 16, 33, 37, 79, 95, 109, 110, Equity, 13, 28, 29, 32, 35, 38, 63, 77, 94, 103, 122, 127, 128, 140, 156, 173, 174, 204, 231, 276 207, 220, 236, 251, 258 Ethical practice, 88 Ethics, 45–57 H Ethics in tourism education and research, 47, 50–51 Heritage, 35, 63, 149, 179–181 Experiential learning, 7, 11, 102, 108–110, Hidden curriculum, 5, 99, 196, 273, 279 149, 188, 208, 213, 214, 273 Higher education, 3, 5, 9, 13, 14, 16, 86, 101, 104, External agents, 139 149, 157, 201, 209, 224, 233, 248, 273 External business environment, 244, 253 Higher order thinking, 274 Holistic approach to sustainability, 3, 95–98 Human capital, 29, 138 F Humility, 13, 110, 231, 274 Fairtrade, 27, 30 Fair working conditions, 67, 69, 273 I False expectations, 139 Implementation, 8, 62–63, 66, 67, 83, 84, 95, Fieldtrip, 213–226, 274 122–124, 232, 275, 276, 281 Fiji, 216, 232 Innovation, 6, 8, 11, 14, 38, 67, 98, 100, 122, Financial capital, 29, 135, 145 130, 189, 196, 236, 240–245, 248, 249, Forms of capital, 28, 29, 138 251, 252, 254–257, 261, 263, 278–279 Foundations and theories of ethics and Institutional Approach, 93–100 tourism, 47 Integrated approach to curriculum Future scenarios, 8, 146, 158, 242 development, 98 Futures wheels, 142, 143 Integration, 3, 30, 37, 38, 69, 95, 99, 156, 158–160, 164–166, 181, 222, 259–264 G Interactive learning, 111, 188, 279 Intercultural dialogue, 94 Generation Y, 189 Inter-disciplinary, 12, 109, 230 Global awareness, 103, 104 International classroom, 241 Global citizenry, 103, 233, 235, 236 Interpretation Global citizenship, 13, 50, 94, 103–106, 235, critique, 172, 176 236, 274 definition, 76, 176 Global Code of Ethics for Tourism, 33, 64 effectiveness, 176 Global economy, 26 Inter-tourist communication, 174 Global north-south interaction, 25 ISO standards, 65 Global programs, 109, 229–237, 275 Global Reporting Initiative (GRI), 27, 30, 33, 68 J Global sustainability, 26 Justice, 2, 5, 25, 27–29, 32, 35, 38, 48, 49, 67, Goals, 5, 8, 16, 26–28, 34, 36, 46, 51, 59, 61, 77, 81, 94, 103, 125, 235 63, 67, 76, 78, 82, 84, 88, 93, 96, 102, 106, 107, 109, 120, 122, 136, 145, 146, 158, 159, 161–166, 177, 232, 233, 235, K 237, 244, 248, 278, 281 Knowledge, 3, 4, 6–8, 10, 11, 14, 25–39, 46, Governance, 8, 15, 26, 28, 31, 37, 52, 60, 63, 47, 50, 51, 53, 66, 67, 76, 78–86, 88, 94, 75–90, 94, 112, 138–142, 145, 147–150, 99–102, 104–106, 109, 120–122, 273, 274 128–130, 136–140, 144–149, 156, 159, Government, 2, 4, 10, 15, 28, 32, 38, 64, 163, 164, 166, 180, 188, 189, 204, 214, 75–78, 80–83, 108, 120, 122–125, 128, 233, 240–247, 252, 255, 257, 259–264, 129, 138, 140, 147, 156, 157, 164, 174, 271–273, 275–277, 279 175, 216, 219, 272, 275–277, 280 Knowledge co-creation/building, 12 288 Index

L Non-government organisations (NGOs), 64, Ladder of participation, 138 122, 140, 146, 175, 275–277 Leadership, 8, 11, 14, 53, 80, 85, 87, 97, 130, 149, 156, 157, 161, 162, 165, 1178 Learners, 3–5, 9, 11, 15, 45, 53, 76, 98, 158, O 165, 188, 189, 192, 196, 210, 213–215, One-on-one, 158, 161, 162, 165, 166 226, 272–276, 278–280 Online courses, 99 Learning Online learning, 187–197, 274, 279 analytics, 279–281 Online module, 188, 190, 191, 193, 195, 196, by doing, 148, 150 274, 280 partnerships, 125, 128, 129 Open simulator, 218 styles, 193, 214, 215 Legal status and ownership structure, 244, 260 License to operate, 242, 245, 262 P Life cycle analysis, 30, 276 Parochialism of tourism, 38 Life long learning, 5, 104, 160, 161, 274 Participatory governance, 138 Limited understanding of tourism, 163 Participatory learning, 94, 98, 156, 273 Limits to growth, 48 Partnerships, 8, 10, 15, 81, 84, 99, 117–130, Local elites, 140 139, 146, 148, 149, 157, 273 Local empowerment, 138 Partnerships for sustainability, 126–129 Local leadership, 161 Personal praxis, 194, 195 Philosophic practitioner, 79 Philosophic practitioner education, 76, 78, M 85–88 Management, 9, 13, 14, 29, 30, 34, 62, 63, Phronesis, 50, 85, 86 65–68, 76, 79, 81, 82, 84, 94–96, 98, Physical capital, 138 102, 106, 112, 121, 135, 136, 144, Place attachment, 176 146–149, 158–161, 163, 175, 178, 188, Place-based learning, 9 194, 202, 215, 216, 220, 232, 241, 244, Political capital, 29 245, 247, 250, 252, 262, 263, 267, 276, Power, 8, 12, 48, 69, 75–77, 79, 81–84, 87, 104, 277, 281 105, 107, 126, 138, 139, 147, 203, 205, Media coverage of sustainability, 26 206, 208, 209, 244, 255, 259 Micro and small enterprises (MSE), Principles of social sustainability, 107 155–166, 274 Problem-based enquiry, 7 Mindfulness, 177 Problem solving approach, 241 Mobile technologies, 280 Process of collaboration, 106 Monitoring, 27, 30, 34, 37, 142, 148 Progress, 2, 38, 53, 63, 78, 100, 107, 120, 130, MSE. See Micro and small 159, 218, 231, 233 enterprises (MSE) Multimedia, 193, 232 Multi-stakeholder approach, 64 Q Quality of life, 10, 26, 28, 36, 63, 119, 136, 144, 155–157, 179, 281 N Natural capital, 29, 138 Networking, 14, 87, 99, 146, 157, 162, R 164, 165 Real-life consultancy assignment, 240, Networks, 8, 9, 64, 65, 87, 99, 102, 122, 130, 243, 247 136, 137, 148, 156, 157, 161–166, 223, Reflective engagement, 177 224, 241 Reflexive journals, 274 New Zealand virtual world grid, 218 Reflexive practice, 202, 205, 274 Index 289

Reflexive practitioner, 188, 204 as a guiding ideal, 30 Reflexivity, 14, 121, 207, 275 issues, 2, 3, 6–8, 26, 78, 97, 135, 140, 142, Relevance for the industry, 241 159, 177, 178, 180, 280, 281 Risk, 2, 3, 8, 10, 38, 65, 129, 163, 233, marketing, 178, 181 271, 280 practices, 96, 194, 195 Role play, 7, 110, 216, 218 spectrum, 208 strategies, 29, 34, 172 timeline, 27, 33 S Sustainable development, 2, 8, 26–31, 33, 38, Schools, 6, 13, 102, 105, 111, 112, 118–130, 147, 53, 60, 63, 64, 75–78, 81–86, 93–95, 190, 217, 218, 221, 230, 234, 273, 275 97–99, 102, 109, 118, 120, 121, 126, School-tourism partnerships, 122, 128–130 130, 138, 156–159, 161, 163, 165, 166, Self directed learning, 106, 193 201, 216, 204, 207–209, 214, 216, 224, Service learning, 7, 109 230, 232, 239, 240, 251, 277 Shared Value concept, 62 Sustainable tourism Shareholder approach, 60 critiques, 34, 178, 204–205 Ship of the state, 79, 80 definition, 28, 29, 34, 35, 93, 136 Situated learning, 214, 215 development, 33, 35, 63, 65, 83, 98, 99, 138, Small business, 158 139, 156, 157, 159, 160, 215, 217, 224 Social capital, 29, 103, 107, 138, 157, 162 education, 93–112, 203, 213–226, 273, Social entrepreneurship, 146 274, 279 Social justice, 2, 25, 38, 77, 81, 103, 125 education tool, 229–279 Social learning toward a sustainable tourism future, 100 Social marketing, 4, 14, 178, 179, 181, 272 T Social responsibility, 60, 63, 66, 103, 111 Teaching strategies, 7, 93, 188, 229–237, 273 Societal approach, 60 Technical, 76, 85, 128, 165, 166, 219, 223, 224, South pacific, 13, 14, 108, 225, 232 275–276 Stakeholder Technical and vocational education and approach, 60 training (TVET), 275, 276 engagement, 84, 241, 245, 249, 262, 263 Technology, 12, 14, 97, 177, 190, 191, 196, management, 244, 245, 262, 263 214, 215, 217, 224, 225, 275, Stand-alone curricula, 188 279–281 Stewardship, 13, 50, 66, 94, 102, 125, 149, 187, Technology enhanced learning, 279–281 190, 234, 236 Tertiary education, 188–191, 224, 275 Stimulating action-taking, 99 Tjapukai Aboriginal Cultural Park, 129, 130 Strategic improvements, 240, 275 Tourism and animal ethics, 47, 51–52 Strategy development, 62–63, 68 Tourism and learning, 187–197 Strong sustainability, 208 Tourism and sustainability, 9, 12, 15, 16, 25–39, Strong versus weak approaches to 106, 136, 138, 147, 161, 245, 271–273 sustainability, 28 Tourism as an economic development Student learning outcomes, 230, 233, 235 strategy, 35 Study abroad, 13, 111, 230–236 Tourism development, 11, 13, 14, 33, 35, 38, Success, 61, 62, 98, 104, 108, 179, 242 48, 49, 63, 65, 83, 98, 99, 138–141, 144, Surface learning, 189, 191, 195, 196 145, 149, 155–157, 159, 160, 215, 217, Sustainability 220, 224, 241, 244, 259, 274 Committee, 95–97 Tourism Education Futures Initiative (TEFI), concept, 31, 95, 101 13, 14, 50, 51, 94, 99 definition, 8, 244 Tourism enterprises, 49, 118, 122, 126–130, education, 14, 16, 102, 104, 105, 121–123, 188, 192, 252 125, 126, 130, 136, 171–181, 194, 229– Tourism for sustainability, 34–38 269, 274, 276 Tourism impact management, 68 ethics, 10, 47, 51 Tourism marketing, 13, 163, 172, 177–180 290 Index

Tourism negative impacts, 36–38, 135, 138 V Tourism planning, 12, 37, 136, 138, 140–142, Value, 1–8, 10, 15, 16, 28–30, 32, 33, 36, 46, 276, 277, 281 48, 50–52, 60–63, 66, 67, 69, 77, 79, 82, Tourism policy, 11, 14, 34, 37, 86 83, 88, 94, 95, 97–99, 102–106, Tourism positive impacts, 66, 216, 217 109–112, 119, 120, 125, 130, 136, 137, Tourism production and consumption, 35, 38 148, 149, 158, 165, 166, 177, 179–181, Tourist(s) 187, 192, 196, 202, 204–210, 214, 231, experience, 9, 173, 176–178, 181 233–236, 240, 242, 259–264, 272–275, resort, 141 277–279, 281 Traditional teaching approaches, 189 Values-based education, 94, 112, 187 Trans-disciplinary, 6, 7 Victoria university of wellington, 13, 215 Transformational, 4, 192, 203, 234, 235 Videos, 188, 194, 214, 215, 217, 219, 222–223, Transformative change, 28, 30, 34 225, 240, 248, 249, 254–256, 265–267, Transformative education, 4 274, 279, 280 Travel policy, 96 Virtual fieldtrip, 213–226, 274, 280 Triple bottom line, 28, 29, 32, 63, 159–160, Virtual learning environments, 224, 279 201, 252 Vocational, 12, 13, 146, 273, 275–276 Trust, 29, 76, 130, 137, 138, 172 Types of tourism and ethics, 47, 49–50 W Weak sustainability, 208 U Well-being, 1, 2, 4, 10, 16, 26, 28, 32, 33, Understanding of tourism, 138, 145, 276, 277 35, 36, 63, 68, 81, 97, 128, 135, 136, UNDESD 2001-2014, 118, 120, 122, 130 140, 142, 149, 178, 272, 274, United Nations Decade of Education for 275, 281 Sustainable Development, 78, 118, Whole system change, 6, 11, 12 120–122, 126, 130, 201 Workshops., 9, 12, 14, 95, 142, 145–147, 158, United Nations World Tourism Organization 161, 162, 165, 166, 189, 224, 240, (UNWTO), 35, 63, 64, 112, 181 243–245, 248, 250, 257–258, University missions, 97 268, 269