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Quark Matter 93 The WA85 heavy ion beam experiment at CERN has found increased yields of antihyperons, difficult to produce hadronically, compared to what is seen in other reactions. to focus about half of the emerging spin-polarized hydrogen atoms; the resulting polarized proton jet of about 1013 cm-2 should give a luminosity of 1032 cm2 s1 when crossing the 400 GeV UNK-1 beam. Quark matter 93 In his welcome address to the 10th International Conference on Ultra- Relativistic Nucleus-Nucleus Colli­ sions (Quark Matter '93), held in Borlange, Sweden, from 20-24 June, Hans-Ake Gustafsson was puzzled why this year's conference was billed of the hot and dense matter at or stage of the collision as an ideal gas as the tenth in the series. near equilibrium, and the interface of quarks and gluons. As pointed out He had tried to count but could only between theory and experiment. The by Miklos Gyulassy in his talk on find eight forerunners - Bielefeld phenomenological modelling of QCD transport theory, the possibility (1982), Brookhaven (1983), Helsinki heavy ion collisions seems to repro­ of two different production mecha­ (1984), Asilomar (1986), Nordkirchen duce at least all the main features of nisms can affect the subsequent (1987), Lenox (1988), Menton the data with hadrons, resonances evolution of produced matter. (1990), Gatlinburg (1991), making and strings as the degrees of free­ Nuclear collision experiments have this year's meeting at Borlange the dom. However secondary interac­ reported an enhancement in the pion ninth. tions among the produced hadrons or yield at low transverse momentum The answer was given by Helmut strings need to be added. Hydrody- (less than 300 MeV/c). Four CERN Satz in his introductory talk, pointing namic calculations lead to results experiments (NA34, NA35, EMU05 out that at the time of the Bielefeld which reproduce the main features of and NA44) and three at Brookhaven meeting, a few conferences dealing the collisions. (E810, E802/859/866 and E814) with similar topics had already been With increasing collision energy, the have studied single hadron distribu­ held. parton degrees of freedom become tions under these conditions. The Bielefeld organizers thus did more important. Klaus Geiger Jehanne Simon-Gillo concluded that not consider their conference the described an ambitious scheme the Brookhaven results are well first. Whatever its pedigree, the treating the whole nucleus-nucleus described by models incorporating Borlange meeting covered particle collision in terms of a kinetic parton resonances. However the CERN production in highly excited and (quark/gluon) cascade. The initial results are not fully understood, compressed nuclear matter, fluctua­ parton distribution at the beginning of leaving room for further speculations. tions and correlations, quark phe­ the collision is determined from the Johanna Stachel reported a mysteri­ nomena (quantum chromodynamics - quark-gluon nuclear structure and the ous and significant low transverse QCD) in nuclear collisions, probes evolution is followed in terms of momentum kaon enhancement in and signatures of Quark-Gluon perturbative QCD. E814. Plasma (QGP), future collider experi­ These calculations, as well as The role of interferometry using ments and instrumentation. several others reported, reflect the identical particles was emphasized The theoretical talks were split ongoing effort to go beyond the by Scott Pratt. Without knowing the between the fundamental properties simplified treatment of the initial volume and lifetime of the produced CERN Courier, December 1993 31 CENTRAL COLLISIONS at 14.6 A.GeV/c 0.30 In heavy ion collisions at Brookhaven (£802/ 866) the positive kaon/pion ratio increases with increasing projectile mass. 0.25 Au+Au (Central) 0.20 - Si+Au (Central) + thermal (kinetic) equilibrium. The total number of strange particles 0.15 Si+Al (Central) could be unexpectedly high. Carlos Lourengo from NA38 pre­ sented new results on lepton pair Pi production below the J/psi reso­ 0.10 nance. In proton-proton and proton- Si+Al (Peripheral) nucleus collisions this can be under­ stood in terms 6f known sources like Drell-Yan pairs and semileptonic 0.05 decays of charm. In sulphur-uranium collisions there is a clear and unexplained excess of 0.00 pairs, significant since it is difficult to produce such heavy pairs in second­ 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 ary hadronic collisions. The psi Rapidity prime/J-psi ratio is found to be about 2% independent of the target mass in proton-nucleus collisions. This ratio decreases when going from proton- matter there can be no reliable QGP cooling may result in droplets tungsten to sulphur-uranium reac­ determination of the equation of state of strange matter, or 'strangelets'. tions. The first phi mesons in heavy or the dynamics of the collision. The possibility of producing meta- ion collisions at Brookhaven were Many heavy ion experiments (NA35, stable (stable against strong decays) reported by George Stephans NA44, WA80, E802/E859 and E814) strange plasma droplets was re­ (E859). presented data on two-particle viewed by Carsten Greiner. This is Photons are considered to be a interferometry. Tom Humanic (NA44) speculative, but metastable hyper- sensitive probe of QGP formation. reported on multi-dimensional analy­ nuclei with several hyperons, called Rainer Santo from WA80 showed an sis of identified hadrons. As in many 'memos', seem quite likely from excess of photons in central sulphur- other experiments, NA44 finds a standard nuclear model calculations. gold collisions. The CERES (NA45) significant difference in the observed E810, E858/E878 and NA52 gave collaboration observes no such radii depending on whether pions or upper limits for strangelet production. excess. WA80 also presented the kaons are measured. NA35, NA36, WA85, E810, E859 first spectra of eta mesons. The The radii for equivalent systems and E866 reported on strange neutral pion and eta transverse mass measured at Brookhaven (E802) are particle production. David Evans from spectra are remarkably similar, significantly smaller than the CERN WA85 presented data on strange and supporting the phenomenological results, showing that with increasing multistrange antibaryons, difficult to concept of transverse mass scaling. energy density the interacting sys­ produce hadronically. Some In his review, Joe Kapusta dis­ tems expand. There is a significant antihyperon yields are more than cussed the importance of the early radius/transverse momentum de­ three times those seen in proton- dense stage of the collision for pendence of the pairs observed. A proton interactions. Omega minus electromagnetic emission from similar effect is also seen by NA35 at (particle and antiparticle) candidates parton interactions and pointed out CERN. have been reported by WA85 for the the possibility of using measure­ Dieter Rohrich (NA35) mentioned first time. ments of lepton pairs in the J/psi to that in head-on nucleus-nucleus In gold-gold collisions the measure­ upsilon mass range to study partons collisions a large net baryon density ment of strange particles is important approaching thermal equilibrium by is piled up in the central region. Shiva and the positive kaon/pion ratio redistributing their momenta in Kumar (E858/E878) reported that the increases with increasing projectile secondary collisions. This, as well as antiproton yields scale as the number mass. Ulrich Heinz reported on a the use of the photons as probes of of interacting projectile nucleons. strangeness analysis based on secondary parton collisions, will 32 CERN Courier, December 1993 Rutherford Appleton Laboratory ARTICLE PHYSIOS The Particle Physics Department of the Rutherford to operate in a large multi-national collaboration Appleton Laboratory has a vacancy for a Support is essential. Physicist to work on its experimental programme. The appointment will be at Higher Scientific The Department is engaged in research at CERN Officer level. Candidates should have a first or and DESY and other Institutes abroad. upper second class honours degree and several The successful applicant will be involved in years relevant post graduate experience, detector development and apparatus design for an preferably in the field of elementary particle experiment planned for the Large Hadron Collider physics. It is anticipated that the successful at CERN. There will also be an opportunity to candidate will be under 30 years of age. spend a proportion of time analysing data from The salary range for a Higher Scientific Officer is one of the current experiments. He or she will be £13,025 to £18,911 pa. Progression up to £23,009 required to work closely with other members of the per annum can be acheived by a series of Department, to collaborate with staff from increases linked to annual performance Universities and other institutes both in the UK assessments. and abroad and be prepared to spend a significant fraction of time working overseas, if necessary. There is a non-contributory pension scheme. The ability to communicate effectively and For an application form please contact the Recruitment Office, Personnel and Training Division, Science and Engineering Research Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon 0X11 0QX. Tel: 0235 445435 quoting reference VN 1202. Applications must be returned by: 24th December 1993. SERC is working towards equal opportunities and a smoke free workplace. IA8251 Department of Physics YORK UNIVERSITY - ZEUS Stanford University The Department of Physics at Stanford University APPLICATIONS are invited for research seeks to make a junior level, tenure-track ap­ associate position with the ZEUS project. pointment in the field of Experimental Particle The successful applicant will help to run the Physics. It is likely that an additional appointment ZEUS experiment in DESY, develop and will be made in the field after the initial position is filled. install hardware for the upgrade of the ZEUS The Department pursues research in fundamental detector, and develop software for the physics and maintains a strong teaching program analysis of physics data. Applicants must at all levels.
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