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A Wilderness Techscape: Land-Use Conflict, Ork,W and Recreation on the Central Klamath River

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A Wilderness Techscape: Land-Use Conflict, Ork,W and Recreation on the Central Klamath River University of Vermont ScholarWorks @ UVM UVM College of Arts and Sciences College Honors Theses Undergraduate Theses 2019 A Wilderness Techscape: Land-Use Conflict, ork,W and Recreation on the Central Klamath River Claire E. Dumont Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/castheses Recommended Citation Dumont, Claire E., "A Wilderness Techscape: Land-Use Conflict, ork,W and Recreation on the Central Klamath River" (2019). UVM College of Arts and Sciences College Honors Theses. 56. https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/castheses/56 This Undergraduate Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Undergraduate Theses at ScholarWorks @ UVM. It has been accepted for inclusion in UVM College of Arts and Sciences College Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks @ UVM. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A Wilderness Techscape: Land-Use Conflict, Work, and Recreation on the Central Klamath River Claire E. Dumont A thesis submitted to the faculty at the University of Vermont in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Bachelor of Arts degree in the College of Arts and Sciences. Advised by: Dr. Ingrid L. Nelson and Dr. Cheryl Morse Committee Chair: Dr. Bindu Panikkar Department of Geography University of Vermont May 2019 Abstract Land use has been a point of tension between rural residents, indigenous peoples, and environmentalists since the establishment of the first U.S. National Parks in 1872. Since then, the increased number of protected area designations and their unique restrictions has only increased the frequency and severity of these conflicts. The ‘No Monument’ movement in the Central Klamath River region embodies the core tensions between a variety of communities that intersect on a shared landscape. This thesis offers a qualitative analysis of the uses of different technologies (e.g. gold dredging, all-terrain vehicles, and iPhones) in rural areas along the Klamath River. By focusing on how some technologies gain acceptance while others are rejected by those with different interests, I argue that these practices reveal the cultural assumptions that shape ongoing land use conflicts. Such conflicts stem from inconsistencies in regulating technologies that “enhance” wilderness experiences for some and technologies that “degrade” wilderness experiences for others. Drawing on ideas from rural geography, political ecology, and science, technology, and society studies (STSS), I propose the notion of a techscape, a framework for viewing a landscape as a dynamic product of the technology that co-creates it. The techscape offers an alternative way of looking at a landscape that can highlight marginalized voices and illustrate the flaws with current land use restrictions. For the communities along the Klamath River Table of Contents Table of Contents ........................................................................................................................................ 1 Table of Figures .......................................................................................................................................... 3 Acknowledgements ..................................................................................................................................... 4 Chapter 1: Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 6 The Geography of the Central Klamath ................................................................................................ 11 Technopolitics of the Central Klamath ................................................................................................. 16 Chapter 2: American Understandings of Nature and Introducing the Techscape ...................................... 19 The Nature-Society Dualism ................................................................................................................. 19 The Technology Network, Hybrids, and Time ...................................................................................... 21 Theorizing Landscapes ......................................................................................................................... 24 Introducing the Techscape .................................................................................................................... 25 Chapter 3: Designing the Study ................................................................................................................ 31 Establishing Local Connections ............................................................................................................ 31 Research Methods ................................................................................................................................. 33 Analysis Methods ................................................................................................................................. 40 Limitations of this Study ....................................................................................................................... 42 Chapter 4: Historical Processes Shaping the Present ................................................................................ 43 Geologic Origins ................................................................................................................................... 43 “The Klamath River Indians”: The Karuk, Yurok, and Hoopa ............................................................. 44 Imperial Acquisition and the State of California ................................................................................... 47 Trapping and the Fur Trade .................................................................................................................. 48 The Golden State .................................................................................................................................. 49 Manufactured Wildernesses and the Famed Father of Environmentalism............................................. 53 Timber Management and the Role of the Forest Service ...................................................................... 56 The State of Jefferson ........................................................................................................................... 58 Development of the Pacific Crest Trail (PCT) ...................................................................................... 64 Environmentalist Engagement .............................................................................................................. 67 A Cowboy’s Poetry ............................................................................................................................... 70 Chapter 5: Hierarchies of Gold Mining Technologies .............................................................................. 72 What Makes Gold ................................................................................................................................. 75 The Network: How Gold Makes the River............................................................................................ 83 The Technopolitics of Scale and Rewilding ........................................................................................ 101 The Role of the Techscape and Future Knowledge Production ........................................................... 105 Chapter 6: Hiking, Horses, and ATV’s Near and On the Pacific Crest Trail .......................................... 107 1 Soul-Searching at “Disneyland”: Hikers of the Pacific Crest Trail ..................................................... 108 Mules, Mares, and Cowboys ............................................................................................................... 117 The Question of Motors ...................................................................................................................... 124 Nature Loud Versus Manufactured Loud: Purity in Recreation .......................................................... 128 Roads, the Role of the Techscape, and Futures of Inclusion ............................................................... 130 Chapter 7: Conclusions and Further Research ........................................................................................ 133 A Summary of Arguments .................................................................................................................. 133 Avenues for Future Research .............................................................................................................. 135 Final Thoughts and Suggestions ......................................................................................................... 135 References .............................................................................................................................................. 137 Appendix A: Table Outlining the Timeframes for Each Phase of the Project ......................................... 144 Appendix B: IRB Protocol Exemption Certification ............................................................................... 145 Appendix C: Interview Guides ............................................................................................................... 146 Appendix D: Table of Research Methods ............................................................................................... 148 2 Table of Figures Figure 1: 'No Monument' and 'State
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