Atlas of High Conservation Value Areas, and Analysis of Gaps And

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Atlas of High Conservation Value Areas, and Analysis of Gaps And 3. ANALYSIS OF DELIMITATION OF HCV AREAS AND ASSESSMENT OF REPRESENTATIVENESS OF PROTECTED AREA NETWORK IN NORTHWEST RUSSIA Elena Esipova, Konstantin Kobyakov, Andrey Korosov, Anton Korosov & Aleksander Markovsky Editor: Konstantin Kobyakov 3.1. Network of existing ered together with the zakazniks to which they protected areas are closest and have similar status and protection regime. A complete list of protected areas in the six regions of this study is presented in the Appendix, 3.1.1. Distribution of protected with total surface areas and year of establishment. areas by category Titles of protected areas on the maps correspond to those in the list of protected areas of Arkhangelsk The network of protected areas in the six admin- Region (A), Vologda Region (B), Leningrad Region istrative regions of northwest Russia(four regions, (C), the City of St. Petersburg (D), the Republic of one republic and City of St. Petersburg) that are Karelia (E), and Murmansk Region (F). included in this study is described in Chapter 1. Below we will discuss the representativeness of the It should be noted that the data on the total area areas of high conservation value (HCV areas) in the of protected areas with respect to the total area of protected area network in each of these regions. the administrative region are approximate, as the exact boundaries for several nature monuments The total number of protected areas (federal and in Arkhangelsk Region, as well as for some pro- regional levels) in the study area is 641: tected areas in Vologda Region and the Republic • 8 strict nature reserves or zapovedniks (five of Karelia, were not determined at the moment of with protected buffer zones) writing for various reasons (see notes in the Ap- • 5 national parks (one with protected buffer zone) pendix). These protected areas are not included in • 2 nature parks the analysis. Similarly, we do not include protected • 175 zakazniks (specific Russian category of areas of local level established by municipalities nature reserves, see 1.3) because their status may differ by regions, or may • 316 nature monuments be undefined. • 1 botanical garden and 1 healing resort area. Thus, the analysis includes 570 protected areas, The Russian Federation law on specially protected covering altogether 57,600 km2, or 6.7% of the stud- nature areas (Federal Law…1995) also delegates ied area. It should be noted that their areas are cal- to the competent authorities the right to establish culated by the authors using GIS-based contours of other protected area categories in addition to those protected areas on the maps. In addition, protected listed in the law. Vologda Region is the only region areas comprise 2,100 km2 of water surfaces of the in northwest Russia which has made use of this Barents, White and Baltic Seas. These figures may right, establishing three new protected area cat- differ, sometimes greatly, from those indicated in egories, i.e.: their official regulations (applies only to protected • 118 protected mires and 13 other protected areas which have official State regulations). areas of the local level • 2 tourism-recreational areas At first glance, the area covered by protected ter- • 1 protected nature complex. ritories in the study area is large enough. However, is this proportion − nearly 7% of the total studied In order to reduce the number of fractional types area – enough to perform the tasks of the network of protected areas in the analysis, these regional of protected areas, i.e. conservation of biological categories of small protected areas will be consid- diversity and natural environmental systems? 125 One requirement is to estimate the exact share of seems absolutely impossible. Therefore, we must any territory, or of the entire area of any particular note with regret that full preservation of natural type of the biogeocenosis that must be taken un- biodiversity in northwest Russia is not a realistic der protection, to prevent it from further degrada- target. However, we can define the most urgent tion and loss of biodiversity. This question has not task: to prevent the total degradation of the most been answered so far, but there is clear evidence valuable natural HCV areas. It is also difficult to that each type of natural ecosystem has its own assess accurately the proportion of each type of threshold in the protected part percentage of the HCV area selected in this study which must be total area. There are only rough, generalized esti- taken under protection to exclude the risk of ex- mations which may vary considerably in each case. tinction of this particular type of HCV area. The Reymers & Shtilmark (1978) suggested the follow- maximal share should be 100%. This would allow ing ratios for anthropogenically transformed and preserving HCV areas in their natural state despite natural ecosystems for different vegetation zones: negative effects from adjacent transformed areas. As a minimum proportion requiring protection, r Arctic and tundra zones: natural ecosystems one can use the protocol adopted by the Confer- (including reindeer pastures) should consti- ence of the Parties to the Convention on Biological tute at least 98%, transformed areas no more Diversity at its tenth meeting on 29 October 2010 than 2%. In the most vulnerable biotopes, in Nagoya, Japan (Report of the tenth meeting ... intact parts must constitute 100%. 2010), which recommends 17% of terrestrial areas r Northern boreal, middle boreal and south- and inland waters to be protected. Achievement of ern boreal forest sub-zones (or northern and this figure does not imply that the protection status middle taiga zones), all mountain taiga ar- of HCV areas is good, but a share of less than 17% eas, as well as mountain forests in the south- suggests that the situation of a given HCV area is ern part of the former Soviet Union: natural critical. Below, we will use this threshold value to ecosystems should constitute 80-90%, trans- show the types of HCV areas which are in the most formed areas no more than 20% of the area. urgent need of protection. This value seems quite r Hemiboreal forest zone (or southern taiga): realistic in northwest Russia, because in some Eu- transformed areas should constitute no ropean Union countries, this threshold has already more than 50%. been reached and even exceeded. By the beginning of 2011 the area of protected areas was already 18% It is clear that these recommended limits of the of the surface part of the European Union as whole transformed areas are greatly exceeded for all veg- (More details ... 2011). etation zones in northwest Russia, which may lead to gradual degradation of many types of natural Figure 3.1 shows that nature reserves, or zakazniks, ecosystems and consequent loss of biological di- constitute the most significant (in terms of area) versity. However, in the existing socio-economic category of protected areas in northwest Russia. situation, creation of protected areas with a fair- Together with special categories of regional pro- ly strict regime of protection on such huge areas tected areas in Vologda Region (protected nature Area, 1000 k ²m 40 40 35 35 30 30 25 25 20 20 15 15 10 10 5 5 0 0 Zakazniks Nature parks National parks Healing resorts Botanical gardens (zapovedniks) Other regional PAs Nature monuments PAs of federal level PAs of regional level Strict nature reserves Protected buffer zones and national parks of strict nature reservesCategories of protected areas Regional and federal level of protected areas (PAs) Fig. 3.1. Total area of protected areas (PAs) in northwest Russia according to PA categories. 126 complexes, tourism and recreational areas, pro- nature protection and are not of principal impor- tected wetlands) which have similar protection tance in the regional network of protected areas. regimes and legal status, they constitute 67.1% of the total area of protected areas in the studied ter- Fig. 3.3 shows that Arkhangelsk Region provides ritory. The area of regional level protected areas ex- the largest contribution to the acreage of protected ceeds by about a one-third the area of federal pro- areas. Here are two of the largest protected areas tected areas. Despite this, however, most regional in the study area, Vodlozero National Park (area zakazniks, due to peculiarities of their protection of 468,000 ha, with 341,000 ha in Arkhangelsk Re- regimes, do not make the largest contribution to gion, the remainder in the Republic of Karelia), 30°0'0"E 45°0'0"E Categories of protected areas Strict nature reserves (zapovedniks) National parks 70°0'0"N Protected buffer zones of strict nature reserves and national parks Murmansk Zakazniks and other regional protected areas Nature parks Nature monuments Botanical gardens Healing resorts Local types of protected areas (in Vologda Region only) NLAND Arkhangelsk FI Petrozavodsk 60°0'0"N St. Petersburg 60°0'0"N Vologda 30°0'0"E 45°0'0"E Fig. 3.2. Categories of protected areas in northwest Russia. 127 Marine areas Strict nature reserves (zapovedniks) Murmansk Region 10.1% National parks Protected buffer zones of strict nature St. Petersburg 1.8% reservesand national parks Zakazniks and other regional PAs Leningrad Region 5.8% Nature parks Republic of Karelia 4.5% Nature monuments Vologda Region 5.4% Botanical gardens Arkhangelsk Region 7.3% Healing resorts 0 5 10 15 20 25 Area, 1000 km² Fig. 3.3. Areas of protected areas as a percentage of total administratve region area. Note: Arkhangelsk Region hereafter is considered excluding Nenets Authonomous District. and the State zakaznik Primorsky ( 440,000 ha). etation zones. For this reason, we prepared a work- Protected areas constitute 7.3% of the entire area ing version of the map of zonal vegetation types on of Arkhangelsk Region, which is similar to the av- the basis of vegetation maps of the European part erage values for the entire northwest Russia.
Recommended publications
  • View Full Article
    SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT UDC 316.35(470.12) © Gulin K.A. © Dementieva I.N. Protest sentiments of the region’s population in crisis One form of social protest is the protest sentiments of the population, i.e., the expression of extreme dissatisfaction with their position in the current situation. In the present paper we make an attempt to trace the dynamics of protest potential in the region, draw a social portrait of the inhabitants of the region prone to protest behavior, identify the most important factors determining the formation of a latent protest activity, and identify the causes of the relative stability of protest potential in the region during the economic crisis. The study was conducted on the basis of statistics and results of regular monitoring held by ISEDT RAS in the Vologda region. Social conflict, protest behavior, protest potential, community, monitoring, social management, public opinion, crisis, socio-economic situation. Konstantin A. GULIN Ph.D. in History, Deputy Director of ISEDT RAS [email protected] Irina N. DEMENTIEVA Junior scientific associate of ISEDT RAS [email protected] In the contradictory trends in the socio- One form of conflict expressions is social economic development of territories and the protest. The concept of “social protest” in modern sociological literature covers a rather population’s material welfare, the issue of wide range of phenomena. In its most general socio-psychological climate in society, the form protest means “strong objection to escalation of internal contradictions and anything, a statement of disagreement with conflicts is being updated. anything, the reluctance of something” [1]. 46 3 (15) 2011 Economical and social changes: facts, trends, forecast SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT K.A.
    [Show full text]
  • Nil Sorsky: the Authentic Writings Early 18Th Century Miniature of Nil Sorsky and His Skete (State Historical Museum Moscow, Uvarov Collection, No
    CISTER C IAN STUDIES SERIES : N UMBER T WO HUNDRED T WENTY -ONE David M. Goldfrank Nil Sorsky: The Authentic Writings Early 18th century miniature of Nil Sorsky and his skete (State Historical Museum Moscow, Uvarov Collection, No. 107. B 1?). CISTER C IAN STUDIES SERIES : N UMBER T WO H UNDRED TWENTY -ONE Nil Sorsky: The Authentic Writings translated, edited, and introduced by David M. Goldfrank Cistercian Publications Kalamazoo, Michigan © Translation and Introduction, David M. Goldfrank, 2008 The work of Cistercian Publications is made possible in part by support from Western Michigan University to The Institute of Cistercian Studies Nil Sorsky, 1433/1434-1508 Library of Congress Cataloguing-in-Publication Data Nil, Sorskii, Saint, ca. 1433–1508. [Works. English. 2008] Nil Sorsky : the authentic writings / translated, edited, and introduced by David M. Goldfrank. p. cm.—(Cistercian studies series ; no. 221) Includes bibliographical references (p. ) and indexes. ISBN 978-0-87907-321-3 (pbk.) 1. Spiritual life—Russkaia pravoslavnaia tserkov‚. 2. Monasticism and religious orders, Orthodox Eastern—Russia—Rules. 3. Nil, Sorskii, Saint, ca. 1433–1508—Correspondence. I. Goldfrank, David M. II. Title. III. Title: Authentic writings. BX597.N52A2 2008 248.4'819—dc22 2008008410 Printed in the United States of America ∆ Estivn ejn hJmi'n nohto;~ povlemo~ tou' aijsqhtou' calepwvtero~. ¿st; mysla rat;, vnas= samäx, h[v;stv÷nyã l[täi¡wi. — Philotheus the Sinaite — Within our very selves is a war of the mind fiercer than of the senses. Fk 2: 274; Eparkh. 344: 343v Table of Contents Author’s Preface xi Table of Bibliographic Abbreviations xvii Transliteration from Cyrillic Letters xx Technical Abbreviations in the Footnotes xxi Part I: Toward a Study of Nil Sorsky I.
    [Show full text]
  • Revue Européenne Du Droit Social Nr
    Revista european ă de drept social REVUE EUROPÉENNE DU DROIT SOCIAL 1 Revue europénnee du droit social Maison d’édition Bibliotheca • Atestée par le Ministère de la Culture et des Cultes avec l’avis no. 4363 / 27.05.1997 • Acreditée par le Conseil National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNCS), 2011-2014 • Membre de l’Association des Editeurs de Roumanie – AER (Romanian Publishers Association – RPA) N. Radian, KB 2/3, Târgovi şte, 130062 tel/fax: 0245.212241 e-mail: [email protected] www.bibliotheca.ro 2 Revista european ă de drept social REVUE EUROPÉENNE DU DROIT SOCIAL Volume XXVII • ISSUE 2 • Year 2015 Édition Bibliotheca Târgovi şte, 2015 3 Revue europénnee du droit social La Revue est reconnuée par le Conseil National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNCS) categorie B+ avec avis no. 828/2007 en évidence BDI Copernicus, CEEOL et EBSCO Publishing Comite scientifique/ Scientific Board: 1. Antonio Baylos, Professeur de Droit du Travail et de la Sécurité Sociale à l'Université de Castilla La Mancha, Spain 2. Dimitri Uzunidis, Directeur du Laboratoire de Recherche sur l'Industrie et l'Innovation (ULCO, France) 3. Alexandru Ţiclea, Professeur, Recteur de l’Université Ecologique Bucarest Roumanie 4. Sophie Boutillier, Directrice de recherche au laboratoire Redéploiement industriel et innovation à l'Université du Littoral-Côte d'Opale, France 5. Ahmed Smahi, Enseignant Chercheur à la Faculté des Sciences Economiques et de Gestion, Université de Tlemcen, Algérie 6. Ana R. Martín Minguijón, Doyen de la Faculté de droit UNED Madrid, Spain 7. Vlad Barbu, Professeur, Vice-recteur de l’Académie de Police „Alexandru Ioan Cuza” Bucarest, Roumanie 8.
    [Show full text]
  • Industrialization of Housing Construction As a Tool for Sustainable Settlement and Rural Areas Development
    E3S Web of Conferences 164, 07010 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf /202016407010 TPACEE-2019 Industrialization of housing construction as a tool for sustainable settlement and rural areas development Olga Popova1,*, Polina Antufieva1 , Vladimir Grebenshchikov2 and Mariya Balmashnova2 1Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M.V. Lomonosov, 163002, Severnaya Dvina Emb., 17, Arkhangelsk, Russia 2 Moscow State University of Civil Engineering, 26, Yaroslavskoeshosse, 129337, Moscow, Russia Abstract. The development of the construction industry, conducting construction in accordance with standard projects, and transforming the construction materials industry in hard-to-reach and sparsely populated areas will make significant progress in solving the housing problem. Industrialization of housing construction is a catalyst for strong growth of the region’s economy and the quality of life of citizens. The purpose of this study is to develop a methodology for assessing the level of industrialization of the territory’s construction complex and its development potential for increasing the volume of low-rise housing stock. Research tasks: 1) assessment of the need to develop housing construction, including low-rise housing, on a particular territory; 2) development of a methodology for calculating the level of industrialization of construction in the area under consideration to determine the possibility of developing low-rise housing construction in this area in the proposed way; 3) approbation of the method using the example of rural areas of the Arkhangelsk region. It was revealed that the districts of the Arkhangelsk region have medium and low levels of industrialization. The districts that are most in need of an increase in the rate of housing construction have been identified.
    [Show full text]
  • Development of Forest Sector in the Arkhangelsk Oblast During the Transition Period of the 1990S
    Development of forest sector in the Arkhangelsk oblast during the transition period of the 1990s ALBINA PASHKEVICH Pashkevich Albina (2003). Development of forest sector in the Arkhangelsk oblast during the transition period of the 1990s. Fennia 181: 1, pp. 13–24. Helsinki. ISSN 0015-0010. The Arkhangelsk oblast has long been one of Russia’s most important forest industrial regions. This paper analyses the changes in accessibility of forest resources and forest commodity production during the transition period in the 1990s. Special attention is given to firm restructuring, active roles of domestic capital and the different survival strategies that have been developed by in- dustries in the region. Further analysis deals with signs of economic recovery in the forest sector due to the processes of restructuring, modernisation and self-organisation. Albina Pashkevich, Spatial Modelling Centre (SMC), Department of Social and Economic Geography, Umeå University, Box 839, SE-98128 Kiruna, Sweden. E-mail: [email protected]. MS received 12 August 2002. Introduction adoption of a new. Some suggest that this proc- ess has been deeply embedded in the nature of The shift from central planning to a market-based the socialist system (Dingsdale 1999; Hamilton economy in Russia culminated with the dramatic 1999) and that the legacy of the communism has economic and political reorientation that began been only partly removed, and instead has mere- in the 1990s. This transition towards a market-ori- ly been reworked in a complex way (Smith 1997). ented and outward-looking economic system led Others say that reforms have actually ended the by private sector has created new challenges and old ‘command economy’ but have instead suc- opportunities.
    [Show full text]
  • Lifespan and Growth of Astarte Borealis (Bivalvia) from Kandalaksha Gulf, White Sea, Russia
    Lifespan and growth of Astarte borealis (Bivalvia) from Kandalaksha Gulf, White Sea, Russia David K. Moss, Donna Surge & Vadim Khaitov Polar Biology ISSN 0722-4060 Polar Biol DOI 10.1007/s00300-018-2290-9 1 23 Your article is protected by copyright and all rights are held exclusively by Springer- Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature. This e-offprint is for personal use only and shall not be self-archived in electronic repositories. If you wish to self-archive your article, please use the accepted manuscript version for posting on your own website. You may further deposit the accepted manuscript version in any repository, provided it is only made publicly available 12 months after official publication or later and provided acknowledgement is given to the original source of publication and a link is inserted to the published article on Springer's website. The link must be accompanied by the following text: "The final publication is available at link.springer.com”. 1 23 Author's personal copy Polar Biology https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-018-2290-9 ORIGINAL PAPER Lifespan and growth of Astarte borealis (Bivalvia) from Kandalaksha Gulf, White Sea, Russia David K. Moss1 · Donna Surge1 · Vadim Khaitov2,3 Received: 2 October 2017 / Revised: 13 February 2018 / Accepted: 21 February 2018 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2018 Abstract Marine bivalves are well known for their impressive lifespans. Like trees, bivalves grow by accretion and record age and size throughout ontogeny in their shell. Bivalves, however, can form growth increments at several diferent periodicities depending on their local environment.
    [Show full text]
  • Conserving Europe's Threatened Plants
    Conserving Europe’s threatened plants Progress towards Target 8 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation Conserving Europe’s threatened plants Progress towards Target 8 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation By Suzanne Sharrock and Meirion Jones May 2009 Recommended citation: Sharrock, S. and Jones, M., 2009. Conserving Europe’s threatened plants: Progress towards Target 8 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation Botanic Gardens Conservation International, Richmond, UK ISBN 978-1-905164-30-1 Published by Botanic Gardens Conservation International Descanso House, 199 Kew Road, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3BW, UK Design: John Morgan, [email protected] Acknowledgements The work of establishing a consolidated list of threatened Photo credits European plants was first initiated by Hugh Synge who developed the original database on which this report is based. All images are credited to BGCI with the exceptions of: We are most grateful to Hugh for providing this database to page 5, Nikos Krigas; page 8. Christophe Libert; page 10, BGCI and advising on further development of the list. The Pawel Kos; page 12 (upper), Nikos Krigas; page 14: James exacting task of inputting data from national Red Lists was Hitchmough; page 16 (lower), Jože Bavcon; page 17 (upper), carried out by Chris Cockel and without his dedicated work, the Nkos Krigas; page 20 (upper), Anca Sarbu; page 21, Nikos list would not have been completed. Thank you for your efforts Krigas; page 22 (upper) Simon Williams; page 22 (lower), RBG Chris. We are grateful to all the members of the European Kew; page 23 (upper), Jo Packet; page 23 (lower), Sandrine Botanic Gardens Consortium and other colleagues from Europe Godefroid; page 24 (upper) Jože Bavcon; page 24 (lower), Frank who provided essential advice, guidance and supplementary Scumacher; page 25 (upper) Michael Burkart; page 25, (lower) information on the species included in the database.
    [Show full text]
  • Revised Draft Experiences with Inter Basin Water
    REVISED DRAFT EXPERIENCES WITH INTER BASIN WATER TRANSFERS FOR IRRIGATION, DRAINAGE AND FLOOD MANAGEMENT ICID TASK FORCE ON INTER BASIN WATER TRANSFERS Edited by Jancy Vijayan and Bart Schultz August 2007 International Commission on Irrigation and Drainage (ICID) 48 Nyaya Marg, Chanakyapuri New Delhi 110 021 INDIA Tel: (91-11) 26116837; 26115679; 24679532; Fax: (91-11) 26115962 E-mail: [email protected] Website: http://www.icid.org 1 Foreword FOREWORD Inter Basin Water Transfers (IBWT) are in operation at a quite substantial scale, especially in several developed and emerging countries. In these countries and to a certain extent in some least developed countries there is a substantial interest to develop new IBWTs. IBWTs are being applied or developed not only for irrigated agriculture and hydropower, but also for municipal and industrial water supply, flood management, flow augmentation (increasing flow within a certain river reach or canal for a certain purpose), and in a few cases for navigation, mining, recreation, drainage, wildlife, pollution control, log transport, or estuary improvement. Debates on the pros and cons of such transfers are on going at National and International level. New ideas and concepts on the viabilities and constraints of IBWTs are being presented and deliberated in various fora. In light of this the Central Office of the International Commission on Irrigation and Drainage (ICID) has attempted a compilation covering the existing and proposed IBWT schemes all over the world, to the extent of data availability. The first version of the compilation was presented on the occasion of the 54th International Executive Council Meeting of ICID in Montpellier, France, 14 - 19 September 2003.
    [Show full text]
  • HELCOM Lists of Threatened And/Or Declining Species and Biotopes/Habitats in the Baltic Sea Area
    Baltic Sea Environment Proceedings No.113 HELCOM lists of threatened and/or declining species and biotopes/habitats in the Baltic Sea area Helsinki Commission Baltic Marine Environment Protection Commission Baltic Sea Environment Proceedings No. 113 HELCOM lists of threatened and/or declining species and biotopes/ habitats in the Baltic Sea area Editors: Dieter Boedeker and Henning von Nordheim Helsinki Commission Baltic Marine Environment Protection Commission Contact address for editors: German Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (BfN) BfN, Isle of Vilm, D-18581 Putbus, Germany Cover photo: Baltic low salinity reef community (Fucus serratus – stands with Gobius flavescens) on top of Adler Ground (photo BfN © Krause & Hübner) For bibliographic purposes this document should be cited to as: HELCOM 2007: HELCOM lists of threatened and/or declining species and biotopes/habitats in the Baltic Sea area Baltic Sea Environmental Proceedings, No. 113. Information included in this publication or extracts there of is free for citing on the condition that the complete reference of the publication is given as stated above. Copyright 2007 by the Baltic Marine Environment Protection Commission - Helsinki Commission Layout: Hanna Paulomäki ISSN Table of Contents Preface.....................................................................................................................................6 Introduction .............................................................................................................................7 Lists:
    [Show full text]
  • Nikolai Klyuev
    Nikolai Klyuev Nikolai Klyuev (1884-1937) is one of the most intriguing figures in Russian Modernism. A “new-peasant poet” from the Russian north, but also a product of and producer of Russian Modernist poetry; a cultural archaist, but also a homosexual; a promoter of the values and interests both of the Old Belief, and of Russian sectarianism, but also, especially in his later years, a defender of Orthodoxy; an erstwhile member of the Bolshevik Party, who was arrested and exiled in 1934, and finally (and predictably) arrested and shot in 1937; a poet who self-consciously promoted himself as a “prophet”, some of whose prophetic verses have indeed proved remarkably accurate (ecological problems for Russia, disaster from Bolshevik policies, his own recovery from oblivion, and so on) – he is a complex and fascinatingly contradictory figure. His poetry, moreover, is both difficult and intriguing. An excellent Russian-language site (with minor contributions from M. Makin, it should be admitted) devoted to all the “new-peasant poets” can be found at: Новокрестьянские поэты. There you will find more of Klyuev’s poetry, and a lot of other material on the poet. An even Russian better site, devoted entirely to the poet is Сайт, посвященный изучению творчества Николая Клюева Brief Chronology 1884 Born 10 October, village of Koshtugi, on river Megra, southern Vytegra uezd (district), Olonia Guberniya (province; present day Vytegra region, Vologda oblast’). Father, Nikolai Timofeevich (1842-1918) village police constable, former soldier. Mother, Praskov’ya Dmitrievna (1851-1913), said to have been very religious. Klyuev’s claims to literal descent from Old Believers (dissenters from official Orthodoxy, who refuse to accept the church reforms of the 17th century and the social reforms of the Petrine era) are always through the maternal line.
    [Show full text]
  • A Common Threat to IUCN Red-Listed Vascular Plants in Europe
    Tourism and recreation: a common threat to IUCN red-listed vascular plants in Europe Author Ballantyne, Mark, Pickering, Catherine Marina Published 2013 Journal Title Biodiversity and Conservation DOI https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-013-0569-2 Copyright Statement © 2013 Springer. This is an electronic version of an article published in Biodiversity and Conservation, December 2013, Volume 22, Issue 13-14, pp 3027-3044. Biodiversity and Conservation is available online at: http://link.springer.com/ with the open URL of your article. Downloaded from http://hdl.handle.net/10072/55792 Griffith Research Online https://research-repository.griffith.edu.au Manuscript 1 Tourism and recreation: a common threat to IUCN red-listed vascular 1 2 3 4 2 plants in Europe 5 6 7 8 3 *Mark Ballantyne and Catherine Marina Pickering 9 10 11 12 4 Environmental Futures Centre, School of Environment, Griffith University, Gold Coast, 13 14 5 Queensland 4222, Australia 15 16 17 18 6 *Corresponding author email: [email protected], telephone: +61(0)405783604 19 20 21 7 22 23 8 24 25 9 26 27 28 10 29 30 11 31 32 12 33 34 13 35 36 37 14 38 39 15 40 41 16 42 43 17 44 45 46 18 47 48 19 49 50 20 51 52 21 53 54 55 22 56 57 23 58 59 24 60 61 62 63 64 65 25 Abstract 1 2 3 4 26 Tourism and recreation are large industries employing millions of people and contribute over 5 6 27 US$2.01 trillion to the global economy.
    [Show full text]
  • European Bison in Russia – Past, Present and Future
    European Bison Conservation Newsletter Vol 2 (2009) pp: 148–159 European bison in Russia – past, present and future Taras P. Sipko Institute of Problems Ecology and Evolution RAS, Moscow, Russia Abstract The area of the European bison during historical time Holocene is discussed with addition of new information published in last years. Northern border of an area corresponds 60 0 N. The area included average and southern Urals Mountains, the south of Western Siberia. On the east the European bison lived up to the Altay Mountains and Lake Baikal. The same area at a red deer having similar ecological needs. Increase of inbreeding level considerably and negatively influences adaptable and reproductive opportunities of a bison. This circumstance is especially shown in case of its reintroduction in mountain areas. The basic projects on cultivation of the European bison in Russia are discussed. Keywords : European bison, geographical range, inbreeding, reintroduction Bison Habitat The studies on historical changes of European bison habitat are important both theoretically and practically. Historical geographical range of a species is the most favorable area for reintroduction and creation new free populations. In Pleistocene, the European bison range covered the most part of Eurasia (Flerov 1979). From the beginning of Holocene natural conditions changed (especially in the western part of the region). Glacier shield and vast pre-glacier lakes shortened and disappeared. Forest boundary migrated to the North. Humans occupied the area. Snow cover became deeper and lasted longer and become a limiting factor of European bison distribution at the Russian plain. All factors mentioned above served in drawing of northeastern boundary of European bison range in historic time (Heptner et al.
    [Show full text]