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American War Timeline

February 10, 1763 The Treaty of ends the Seven Years War (). France surrenders all of its North American possessions east of the to Britain. This ends a source of insecurity for the British colonists along the Atlantic Coast. The costs of the war and maintaining an army will lead the British government to impose new taxes on its colonists, with world-shaking results.

March 22, 1765 Britain passes the Stamp Act, imposing a tax on legal documents, newspapers, even playing cards. This is the first direct tax on the American colonists and is hotly resisted. A successful American campaign to have the act repealed will give confidence that they can avoid future taxes as well.

October 1768 British troops land in to enforce the Townshend duties (taxes on paint, paper, tea, etc., passed in June 1767) and clamp down on local radicals. The troops' presence doesn't sit well with locals and leads to street fights. One clash between soldiers and a mob in March 1770 will leave five dead. Radicals will call it the , while the British will call it the incident on King Street.

Spring 1772 Committees of Correspondence are established throughout the colonies to coordinate American response to British colonial policy. This represents an important move toward cooperation, mutual action, and the development of a national identity among Americans.

March to June, 1774 The British Parliament passes the Coercive Acts, often called the in America. Among other actions, Britain closes the of Boston and requires British troops to be housed in taverns and vacant buildings. The acts generate considerable sympathy for among other colonies.

April 19, 1775 The first shots of the Revolutionary War are fired at Lexington and Concord in Massachusetts. The news of the bloodshed rockets along the eastern seaboard, and thousands of volunteers converge on Cambridge, Mass. These are the beginnings of the .

July 4, 1776 The Declaration of Independence is adopted by the Second . The becomes a sovereign nation.

September - October, 1781 A joint French and American force traps a large on Virginia's Yorktown peninsula. Unable to evacuate or receive reinforcements because a French fleet has driven off a British fleet, General Cornwallis is forced to surrender. Although City and Charleston, S.C., will remain in British hands until a peace treaty is signed two years later, the war for American independence is essentially over.

January 1782 The evacuation of loyalists begins. Largely unwelcome in the new United States, about 100,000 Americans who remained loyal to find new lives in Britain, , and British colonies in the West Indies. Among them are about 15,000 African Americans, some of whom end up helping to found the country of Sierra Leone in Africa. The loyalist experience will have a profound effect on the development of Canada's national identity.

September 3, 1783 The ratifies the independence of the 13 North American states. Canada remains a British province, beginning its separate development as a U.S. neighbor. Another war with (1812 - 1815) will be necessary to truly secure the American nation.

1787 A convention of states in proposes the Constitution to replace the much looser central government operating under the Articles of Confederation (adopted in 1777). With amendments, the Constitution remains the framework of government in the U.S.

Adapted from http://www.floridatechnet.org/2005PreGED/Pre-GED%20Social%20Studies.pdf

Cause and Effect

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American Revolutionary War 1775 – 1783

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