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Annual Report 2011 2012.Pdf ANNUAL REPORT 1 August 2011 – 31 July 2012 CONTENTS Introduction 3 1. Conservation Projects 7 2. Capital Projects 37 3. Programmes and Initiatives Annual Report39 2011 – 2012 4. Distinguished Visitors at St John’s Co-Cathedral 47 1 INTRODUCTION St John’s Co-Cathedral was built in the sixteenth century by the Order of the Knights Hospitaller of St John of Jerusalem, Rhodes and Malta to serve as their Conventual church. The Grand Masters and the Knights donated gifts of high artistic value and made enormous contributions to enrich the church with only the best works of art by leading artists of the time. The large number of artefacts by artists, including the renowned Caravaggio and Mattia Preti, that embellish the church are the artistic and religious heritage of hundreds of years of glorious history that is at the same time both Maltese and European. It is a unique monument of international importance and is a gem of baroque art and considered as one of Europe’s finest churches. St John’s Co-Cathedral is still a very active sanctuary and holy place of veneration. It hosts some of the most important Church celebrations and State events. St John’s has become the pride of the Maltese nation and the main attraction for visitors to the island, including very important Church and State personalities on official visits to Malta. The Knights were noblemen that came from some of the more distinguished families of Europe. After the unprecedented attack on Malta, known as the Great Siege, in 1565, the Knights, as defenders of the Catholic faith, vowed to turn Malta into a fortress that befitted a military Order with a capital city worthy of an illustrious Order of noblemen. Pride of place in the centre of the new city was reserved for their conventual church. The building was completed in 1577 and dedicated to St John the Baptist, the patron saint of the Order. The Order was organised into eight langues representing the different regions of Europe and each of the eight langues was eventually provided with a chapel within the Co-Cathedral for its particular devotion together with an auberge which each langue inhabited within the city of Valletta. The simple mannerist architecture of St John’s Co-Cathedral is one of military austerity reflecting the sober mood of the Order after the Great Siege. It is an outstanding contrast to its gradual transformation into a glorious baroque interior of rich marbles, monuments, exuberant tapestries, paintings and lavish decorative ensembles that overwhelm the visitor with an impressive but harmonious vision. The interior which consists of a wide nave with a barrel vault and two aisles divided into side chapels was originally equally simple to the exterior. In the seventeenth century, Grand Master Nicolas Cotoner ordered the complete redecoration of the interior. The dawn of the seventeenth century had ushered in the new baroque style and its flamboyant Annual Report and demonstrative character provided ample decorative material. 2011 – 2012 3 The Italian artist Mattia Preti, who was commissioned the embellishment work, transformed the interior into a celebration of baroque art. The contrast between the simple and sober external façade and the festive mood of the interior is a major characteristic that makes St John’s such a unique monument. Preti was one of the most outstanding artists of the seventeenth century. Starting with the vault, he depicted episodes from the life of St John the Baptist. With his perfect draughtsmanship and skilful use of colour, Preti produced a masterpiece of dramatic scenes and illusionistic architectural effects. On designs mostly prepared also by Preti the plain walls of the nave and the chapels were carved with elaborate motifs characteristic of baroque ornamentation, transforming the walls into a harmonised though very varied riot of gilded foliage, flowers, angels and other symbols. St John’s Co-Cathedral houses one of the most exceptional marble inlaid floors in the world. This outstanding floor decoration consists of a splendid collection of tombstones that commemorate high ranking Knights. The imaginative designs and the extensive use of symbols and heraldic devices make this floor a unique treasure. Several Latin inscriptions reveal the individual stories of important Knights, their acts of chivalry and religious ardour for which they wished to be remembered. The St John’s Co-Cathedral Foundation The St John’s Co-Cathedral Foundation was established in 2001 between the Government and the Catholic Church in Malta. The Foundation is responsible for the administration of St John’s Co-Cathedral as a national, religious, architectural, cultural and historic monument. Conservation and restoration of the priceless works of art and artefacts preserved within the Co-Cathedral and its museum are the main priorities of The Foundation. The Foundation utilizes most of the revenue generated throughout the year towards the execution of projects with the aim of keeping this Maltese jewel of international fame in the best possible condition for the admiration of present as well as future generations. During 2011 and 2012 the Foundation, under the presidency of Mr Paul A. Attard and directed by the Curator Ms Cynthia de Giorgio, continued implementing its large scale holistic plan to restore and conserve the priceless works of art and artefacts preserved in St John’s Co-Cathedral and its Museum. A detailed report follows the restoration projects and events carried out during the year under review. Annual Report 2011 – 2012 5 CONSERVATION PROJECTS Restoration of the Chapel of Castille The chapel of the Langue of Castille, Leon and Portugal is the first chapel on the south side of the nave of St John’s Co-Cathedral, next to the entrance to the Oratory. It was assigned to the Langue by the Chapter General of the Order in 1603. The Langue, had a deep devotion to St James and installed a painting executed by Mattia Preti in the 1660s, dedicated to the saint as its titular. Two lunettes depicting episodes from the life of this saint adorn the walls on either side. Amongst the benefactors of this chapel was Fra Thomas de Hozes, a Spaniard and Bailiff of Lara, who paid for the carving and gilding works in 1661 and whose marble tombstone is placed within the chapel. During this period the Prudhommes of the Conventual church together with the Commissioner of Works commissioned the artisan-sculptors Pietro Burlò and Domenico Gambin to carve the chapel. The stone walls are beautifully carved with the arms of Castille and Portugal, surmounted with the magisterial crown held by symbolic angels of fame with their trumpets. Angels executed in low relief hold the staff of St James and the gospel and also display the palm of St James Martyr. The passage way leading to the Oratory was carved with shields of the Langue and the scallop shell of St James. The dome of the chapel, like others within the Co-Cathedral carries the lion of Grand Master La Cassière at its centre, the Grand Master responsible for the foundation of the church. The eight segments of the dome carry the symbols of the Langue. The four pendentives carry escutcheons showing the coat-of-arms of the religion, Grand Master Cotoner, Grand Master Vasconcellos and the Langue of Castille, Leon and Portugal. In this chapel there are two monuments of notable Grand Masters. The monument of Grand Master Fra Anton Manoel de Vilhena (1722- 1736) is in the high Baroque style composed of marble and bronze and was executed by the Florentine sculptor Massimiliano de Soldani Benzis. The other monument commemorates Grand Master Fra Emanuel Pinto de Fonseca (1741-1773) and is in the neo-classical style. The restoration of the chapel of the Langue of Castille was carried out in 2011. After a call for tenders, the project was awarded to the Maltese Annual Report firm of restoration ReCoop Ltd. The project consisted of the restoration 2011 – 2012 7 of the dome, pendentives and wall carvings. The gilded carvings were covered with a thick layer of candle soot deposit as well as dust that had accumulated over the years. The dome and walls of the chapel had sustained extensive deterioration due to infiltration of rain water from the roof that had caused considerable losses in the gilding work and the erosion of some of the stone carvings. The lower strata of the walls had partially lost their gilding as a result of rising damp, a problem within the Co-Cathedral. The restoration intervention consisted of the removal of the thick layer of candle soot by using aqueous solutions, whilst hard encrustations were removed with appropriate cleaning solutions. Linseed oil applied during the twentieth century was removed using poultices of alkaline solutions. This was followed by the consolidation of any detachments in the stone carvings and the paint layers using reversible materials. Missing decorative sculptural elements were reconstructed using a lime-based plaster. Following the conservation of the painted surfaces and gilded carvings, losses in the painted surface were integrated with a water- based paint; the carvings were given a wash of ochre lime-based paint in preparation for the re-gilding process. The dome was gilded following the mordant gilding technique and the wall carvings were prepared with a gypsum ground and gilded using the water gilding technique. Gilding with 24-karat gold leaf was carried out adopting the same gilding process that was used in the seventeenth century. Annual Report 2011 – 2012 9 Restoration of the Chapel of the Langue of Germany The Chapel of the Langue of Germany, or Allemagne as it was referred to during the time of the Knights, is the first chapel in the north aisle coming into St John’s Co-Cathedral through the main door.
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