CHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL and RADIOLOGICAL WARFARE

‘-Sal4RCC2.940929.00 1 *- C mlC Control No 3776 56 5 104302

THE U.S. ARMY RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM

in CHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL and RADIOLOGICAL WARFARE

for Location.. . c1L) Awe--

‘ CUSSYCATK)N CANCELLED fisca I year 1959 1

, 1 ._ - -. -. .

prepared by U.S. ARMY CHEMICAL CORPS RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT COMMAND

WASHINGTON 25, D.C. .

material cnnt:);?; izfcrrr.a+i 11 DECEMBER 1958 rancrnission . I COPY- 713 3 of 100 COPIES I TABLE OF CONTENTS

- TILE U.S. ARMY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM IN CHEMICAL, BlOLOGlCAL AND RADIOLOGICAL WARFARE {CBR) - FISCAL kFAR 1959 Page Nuder 3 6 9

9 13 i5 13 18 21 25 2:

c TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONT'D)

Paged e= 1 Combat Surveillance Countermeasures (Non-Electronic) 85 CW-BW Protective Materiel 86 Environmental Field Testing, DPG 90 CBR Field Testing, DPG 91 Other Contracto 92

3 The 0. S. Army Research and Development Program in CBR

Fircal Year 1959

INTRODUCTION '4The Chemical Corps Research and Development Progrm for FY 1959 is an increment in the progressive execution of the long range program which ha8 been established for the eventual achievement of goals to provide a capability in these fields. Thio program has been tailored to provide for I the early completion of chemical and biological munitions combinations for limited and general war applications, to provide a proper balance between rerearch and development, and to accomplish the necessary research to support the future development of CBR systems to provide, and be consistent vith, nev concepts of warfare. The current program emphasizes the provision of CBB materiel which will exploit the particular potential of these system for use in limited war. The program is designed to conform with the guidance set forth by the Chief, Research and Development, Department of the Army. A limited amount of work is accomplished for and funded by a ncier other t an the Chief, Research and Development, Department of the Army which in FY 1959 ir expacted to amount to approximately $2 million, so- 202 less than in FY 38. Therm resources, provided by such agencies as the'I it Force, the Navy and other Department of the Army and Defense agencies, are for specific purpose8 delineated by these ageacier.

(II The current Department of the Army level of funding fir the CBB RZsearch and Development Program for FY 1959 is $35,153,300. Deducting from this ernount $746,300 provided Eor special purposes such 88: a revolving fund for "longevity funding of ba8ic research contracts; funds for the coqletion of the Fp 58 Program, and a Special Purpose Contract for the Chief, Research and Development, Army," the net funding level in support of the Fy-59 Department of Armg CBB rerearch and dcvelopment program is $34,407,000. Although this is approximately $1.9 million greater than the preceding fiscal year, the increase is more than offset by pay increases of about $1.6 million granted to classified employees, increases to Wage Board employees (blue collar workers,) and increasing costs for contract work, supplies and materiala.

Prop;ram Based on Long Range Objectives and Goals

:he U. S. Army Chemical Corps, in order to assure the proper orientatione of its research and development program based on well defined goals, has established "The U. S. Annp Chemical Corps Research and . Development Program." This long range program includes technical objectives, program guidance and operating policies, and covers a period through FY 1970. :, The objective8 and goals contained therein are based upon a hding lbyel of approximately $32 to $35 million per year. The date of achievemett of a satisfactory CBR capability has not been established for this level of funding.

*.-p!l#Jq 4 .. . Research vr Development &The FX 59 Chemical Corpr Research and Development Program may be broken-down a8 follow8 :

Rerearch $13, 09 7,000

4 Development $ 9,899,000

Operation and Management of ~11,411,000 lac i 1it i e8 $34,407,000 Special Purpolre Funds 746,300

$35,153,300

@Since fund8 for operation and management of facilities are in direct support of the research and development effort, it will be noted that the program ir divided:

572 in support of rerearch, and

43% for development

The Research Effort 4 Succesrful attainment of u. s. superfority in CBR warfare readinerr depends heavily upon new knowledge derived from a strong program of rerearch. Therefore, the greatest effort in the CBR R6rD program I8 in research, as evidenced by the allocation of funds.

Major empharir in the FY 59 research program is on: a. New agents, and mean8 for their dissemination;

b. Medical aspects and biological sciences research;

c. Rapid warning and protection;

Development

As new CBR agents are provided from the research program, it is necessary to develop production methods, and to provide our Armed Forces with munitions capable of exploiting the new agent potential. Further, the Armed Forces must be furnirhed with defenlrive equipment required for the higher level8 of protection necessaflly rsqufrred..

S To meet this need, the development programo in fiscal year 1959, empha sizes :

a. Development of guided missile and ballistic rocket delivery systems for CBR; b. Dewelopment.of area toxic rocketso land mines, shells, generatotr.aad.large area coverage systems; c. Development of warning, detection and protective materiel;

d. Development of procedures and equipment for Nuclear Warfare Defense;

e. Field testing of CBB materiel. In-House vs Contract

*In view of the type of work involved, and the type of facilities required, a large proportion of the CBB Research and Development Progra must necessarily be accomplished within government facilities.. In the FY 59 P~OQT~the breakdown of funds between in-house and contract work, is as follows: x In-House $32.0 million 93% Contract * 2.4 million - _7% $34.4 million 100%

&e current contract program includes 114 contracts,, 74 of which are in the research area and 40.in development.. Sixty-seven are placed with universities and non-profit oIganizationso .and 47 are with industrial concerns.

(U)Although the contract program has been larger in prior years, the level iaFY 59 provides the best balance between in-house and contract within resources available. Personnel

(0) Personnel engaged in the in-house effort of the CER Research and Development Program consist of a military-civilian team of approximately 5100 persons. Included therein are highly qualified officers and enlisted men with advanced degrees in the scienceso and civilian professionalswith advanced degrees, long experience in their specialties and high standing in the scientific community. * $536 thousand for longevity fuding of research contracts not included.

6 cc The personnel in the CBR Research and Development Program for FY 59 may be broken down as follows:

Civil Ian Military Rofessional 929 Officer 215 (PBb - 183) Enlisted 1131 (MS & ..BS - 746) (Professional Other -2861 587) - 3790 1346 Total - 5136 TIZ~pro== in BEST AVAfmBtE COPY ).1 order to facilitate a more detail& exadnaSf6. ofthe FY S9 CSR Research and Development Rirqram t-4 is dkluded in the following pages more extensive infomatian en the program. Wick reference to the dollar figurer indicated under the heading "PROPOSED" on these pagesD it will be -noted that tbe total program amomts tta'$l25,150,000 per ann- as proposed by the Chanical Corps in its presentation to the special panel of President's Science Advisory Committee qt the Emcu.ive Offices of the President on f October 1958. This fundfng level, as prqosed by the Ckemical Corps, ha been staffed at Department of the Army level.

PROJECT SUMMARY Research Program

Biological Warfare Laboratories (BWL) Research Program .

PROJECT TITLE *PRESENT PROPOSED (Thousands) (Thousands)

BW Munitions Research $ 1,400 $ 4,264 Viral & Rickettsial Agent Research 6 50 5 ,100 Bacterfal & Fungal Agent Research 750 CI ,880 EntomologLcal BW Research 120 3 ." 500 Resrarck on BW Rapid Warnbg System 250 1 220 BW Agent Process Research 1,495 32000 Protec$,tve Measures for Personnel Engaged in BZ Program 880 3,150 BW Asse sszent Technology 280 1:190 Risk to Armed Forces from BW Attack 1c 000 2 350 1,160 L.410 Aerobiological Research L_ Sub-Total BNL Eesearck 3,985 33,074

* AS of Octcber 1958.

6 Chemical Warfare Laboratories (CWL) Reoearc Pronam

PROJECT TITLE PRESENT PROPOSED (Thousands) JThousandr)

CW Agent Dissemination Research $ 755 $ 2,720 CW Agent Resear ch 1,195 8,850 Flame 61 Incendiary Research 45 31 7 Medical Aspects of CW 652 2,370 CW Biological Sciences Research 1,245 5,610 Health Hazards of Military Chemicals 10 280 CW Protective Research 185 640 Chemical Corps Materials Research -90 370 Sub-Total, CWL Research 4,177 2i33

Du~wayProving Ground (DPG) Research Progran!

Large Area Particulate Cloud Travel 200 822 Cloud Physics of Toxicologicai Warfare, DPG 300 Ecology & Epidemiology, DPG 185 640 CBB Field Test Technology, DPG -250 1,120 Sub-Total, DPG Research 9 35 5,582 TOTAL RESEARCH 13,097 59,813

. DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM

Biological Warfare Laboratories (BWL) Development Program

PROJECT TITLE PRESENT PROPOSED (Thousands) (Thousands)

BW Warheads for Rockets &Missiles $ 150 $ 992 Special BW Operations 400 643 BW Munitions Development 385 1,050 BW Product and Process Engineering 20 5 824 BW Agent Process Development 773 2 500 Ant i-Crop Warfare -200 2 B 000 Sub-To tal, BWL Development 2,113 8,009

Chemical Warfare Laboratoriee (CWL) Development Program

CW Warheads for Rockets & Missiles 1,515 2 ,900 Flame Warfare Materiel 240 627 Toxic CW Munitions 1,210 2,910 Signalling 6t Screening Smoke8 25 466 Engineering Design, Specifications and Testing 255 855 CW Agent Process Development 360 4,500 CW Warning and Detection 465 1,600 Nuclear Warfare Defense 570 2,250 Combat Surveillance Countermeasures (non-el ec t) 60 2 30 CW-BW Protective Materiel -900 3.100 Sub-To tal, CWL Development 5,600 19, 438

Dugway Proving Ground (DPG) Development Program

Environmerrtal Field Testing, DPG 200 810 CBR Field Testing, DPG 1,986 5,580 Sub-Total, DPG Development 2, I86 6,390 TOTAL DEVELOPMENT 9 ,899 33,837 Operation and Management of Facilities 11,411 20 9 000 Extra Continental Site 11 500

GRAND TOTAL 34,407 125,150

-. 9 PROJECT DETAILS

1. (U) Project Title: BW Munitions Research

2. (U) Purpose: The distribution of BW agents in optimum concentration over various arear, geometries and types of targets ie necessary to exploit the inhe-rent advantages of BW agents. Methods for accomplishing this objective can best be obtained by an imaginative program of specialized research in dissemination and dispersion concepmfor which the project provider.

3. (U) Objective: To provide methods of maximum effectiveness for the dissemination of BW agents from munitions, the dispersion of munitions from delivery systems, and to determine the technical feasibility of various potential BW weapon systems.

4. (U) Funding: Present Proposed $1400~ $426413 5. 4 Scope: This program includes: a. Dissemination Research on BW Agentr - Research on continuous generator concepts for both liquid and dry agents which will provide a basis for large area munition design. Research in explosive generation in bomblet type munitions for missile delivery. b. Research on BW Munitions Concepts - Research is proceeding on operational and technical feasibility studies on BW sprays and self- dispersing bomblets. Preliminary designs are being completed for large area dry agent disseminators. Tests utilizing rotating shapes are in progress utilizing agents P. tularensis, Br-suis and Q fever to establish source strengths and infectivity.

c. Assessment of Munitions - Approximately 30% of the funds in the Munitions Research Project are expended for the evaluation of munitions prototypes described in a and b above.

6. Contract Program in Support of this Prolect:

a. (1) Contract Title: Research Studies on the Physics and Bio- physics of Explo sire Dissemination

(2) Contractor: George Washington University

(3) Scope: The developent of information concerning physical and biophysical phencmena which affect disaednarion of viable aerosols by explosive means.

(4) Date of Initiation: June 1956

(5) Date of Expiration: May 1959

(6) Amount Funded to Date: $545,000 (U) Prolect Title: BW Munitions Research

FY 59 Funding Requirement: $110,000

'Principal Investigator: Dr. Benjamin B. Van Era

Contract Title: Theoretical Models for BW Target Effec- t ivenes s

Contractor: Leland Stanford Jr. University

Scope: To develop concepts and theoretical models appropriate to the quantitative appraisal of target effectiveness of BW weapons systems with emphasis on the establishment of criteria for the development of optimal BW munitions.

Date of Initiation: August 1956

Date of Expiration: September 1959

Amount Funded to Date: $232,400

FY 59 Funding Requirement: None

Principal Investigators: Dr. Philip Leighton and Dr. William Perkins

Contract Title: Wind Tunnel Tests of Flettner Shapes

Contractor: University of Minnesota

Scope: Conduct wlnd tunnel tests to measure the aerodynamic stability and performance parameters of some self-dispersing Flettner shapes.

Date of Initiation: June 1957

Date of Expiration: June 1959

Amount Funded to Date: $56,800

FXnD ' Funding Requirement : None

Principal Investigator: Mr. Richard DeLeo

Contract Title: LOW Altitude Liquid BW Spray System

Contractor: North Ame ri can Aviation, Incorporated

10 J (U) Project Title: BW Munitions Research I. -3 i-1- -_.. (3)-- Scope: Investigate and establish the characteristics of a high flow spray system for liquid antipersonnel agents using high speed delivery vehicles at low altitude6 to cover downwind target area6 of 1,000 square miler.

(4) Date of Initiation: December 1957

(5) Date of Expiration: November 1958

(6) Amount Funded to Date: $285,836

(7) FY 59 Funding Requirement: $18,564

(8) Project Officer: Dr. Keyser

e. (1) Contract Title: Temperature, Altitude and Humidity Test Chamber

(2) Contractor: Tennp Engineering, Incorporated

I (3) Scope: Develop, fabricate, deliver, install and test 9 one (1) twp-erature, altitude and humidity test chamber ana associated equipment in accordance with specifications.

(4) Date of Initiation: June 1956

(5) Date of Expiration: August 1958

(6) Amount Funded to Date: $88,185

(7) FY 59 Funding Requirement: None

(8) Project Officer: Mr. G. Mader

f. (1) Contract Title: Research in Assessment Technology

(2) Contractor: Amour Research Foundation of Illinois Institute of Technology

(3) Scope: Conduct comprehensive investigations of specific problems in assessment technology.

(4) Date of Initiation: March 1958

(5) Date of Expiration: March 1959

(6) Amount Funded to Date: $93,760

c (U) Prolcct Title: BW Munitions Research

I (7) FY 59 Flmding Requirement: None (8) Project Officer: Mr. L. Idoinc

..I3 1. (a) Project Title; Viral and Eickettrial Agent Berearch 2. Purporer To obtain viral and tickettrial agcntr that are lethal or incap~cltatinge when ured in an offenrive veapon in BW. There agent6 must ah0 exhibit characterirticr of rtorage rtability, infective dore, koso1 rtability, pathogenerir, rerirtmca to therapeutic materialr and capability of being produced and dirraninated appropriately to their intended mition and logirtic ryrtem.

3. (U) Objective; To obtain viral and rickettsial agcntr having maximum effectivenerr in Biological Warfare.

4. (v) Pundinat Present S650M 5. fl Scope: ~hirprogram includes: a. Viral and Bickettrial Agent Laboratory Berearch; Collection6 of strain6 of Variola and prmaration.of rerd rtockr have been completed, and rtorage rtability rtudie; md aerorol infectivity rtudier have- been rtartad. An optimum rtrain of Variola vi11 be relectad and rtudied mora extearivaly ar to aerosol and biological propertier. Production of tirrue cellr by submerged tirsue culture had ba daponrtratcd ad Venezuelan gquine Encephalitir (NU) ir being adapted thir method of production. Adaptation of Japanere B. Encephalitir (AX? or Variola ir being attempted. Methods for the irolation of variant6 ! of NU have been accomplirhed, and concentration and purification methods are being rtudied. In all rtudier relating to NU, the technique will be applicable to many other virurer.

b. Selection of Candidate Viral and Bickettrial Agentr: Screening on Variola, AN, and Eartern Equine Encephalitir (ZX) has been completed and screening of ZX a6 an arthropod-tranemitted agent started. Screening of dengue and yellow fever har a160 been initiated. Screening on Rocky Mmntain Spotted Fever ar an aero601 vu completed and the informatiom is being evaluated.

6. Contract Program in Support of This Prolect:

(1) Contract Title: Investigation of Submerged Culture Techniques

(2) Contractor: Trurteer of the University of Pennsylvania

(3) Scope: Conduct investigations of submerged culture techniques for propagation of mmnnalian cells and an adaptation of there techniques to cultivation of viruses and r icket t 8 iae Proicct Title: Viral and Klckcttrial Agent Kerauch

(4) Date- of Inltlatlon: June 1955 (5) Date of Bxpirhtlon: May 1360

(6) bmount Funded to Data: $337,075 (7) FY 59 Funding Requirement: (8) Principal Investigator: Dr. Wlllicrm WLIminr II

14 1. (U) Proiect Title: Bacterial and Fungal' Agent Research 2. &Purpose: To obtain bacterial and fungal agents that are lethal or incapacitating when used as a component of an offensive weapon in Bw. These agents must also exhibit characteristics of storage stability, infective dose, aerosol stability, pathogenesis, resistance to therapeutic materials, and capability of being produced and disseminated appropriate to their intended munition and logistic system.

3. (0) Objective: To obtain bacterial and fungal agents having maximum I effectiveness in Biological Warfare. ! 4. (0) Funding: Resent Prooosed $750M $4880X 5. #Scope: This program includes the following: a. Bacterial and Fungal APents Laboratory Research - Studies are in progress to obtain new agents which will provide greater lethality, short- ened incubation periods, aerosol stability adapted to long range aercreol cloud travel, and other properties giving greater effectiveness, fl bility and predictability to BW weapons systems. Project Whitecoat'? to- establish the minimum lethal dose and protection afforded by the var vaccines for tularemia in man, and studies on genetics, aerosol and 7-s orage stability, antibody resistance, nutritional requirements and factors affecting virulence are in progress on such candidate agents as p. pestls, 1. anthracia and E. Pseudomallei and E. immitis? b. Selection of Candidate Bacterial and Fungal Agents - It is required that disease-producing bacterial and fungal agents not yet researched be examined for their potential as BW agents. Literature reviews and feasibility studies are conducted on promising candidates.

6. #Contract Program in Support of this Project:

a. (1) Contract-Title: Genetic Aspects of Host Parasite Interacttons

(2) Contractor: Rutger's State University .'

'(3) Scope: Conduct investigations of the interaction between mnmnnlian tissue cultures (monocytic) and various genetic types of selected bacterial species. (4) Date of Initiation: September 1957 (5) Date of Expiration: August 1959

15 Project Title: Bacterial and Fungal Agent Research -(6) Amount Funded: $31,980

(7) Fy 1959 Funding Requirements:

(8) Principal Investigator: Dr. Werner Bratan

b. (1) Contract Title: Studies on Malleomyces Group and other Organ- isms (ONE Contract NR-ONR29536)

(2) Contractor: University of Califomla

(3) Scope: Conduct studies on rnalleomyces group and other organisms to include: (1) maintenance of stock strains and strain selectlon, (2) serologlcal tests for ldentifica- tion of strains, (3) aerosol infectivity of various strains in certain animBls, (4) aerostability of various organisms in the Dynamic Aerosol Toroid.

(4) Date of Initiation: October 1957 (5) Date of Expiration: October 1959

(6) Amount Funded: $300,000

(7) FX 1959 Funding Requirements: $100,000 (8) Principal Investigator: Dr. Carl Lnmanna - Dr. dalph Mukenfuse

16 1. (U) Prolect Title: Ent&logical BW Rcrcarch I - -! Purpore: Effort under t is project ir necerrary to obtain .. 1 rrrd- arthropod vector6 most suitable for nklitary purposer. I Entomolagical BU &kea porrible the ure of certain agents and pores defeurive problk which makc it a valuable complement to 8t?r01101 type BU weapon rjrtak. 3. (U) Obllectire: To obtain agent8 and vectors having maxi& effectivenerr for eutoiological BW.

4. (U) FuadLna: Present Propored $120n $3500M 5. 4Scope: Arthropod vector rystenk afford a mean6 of BtJ not dependent on the rerpiratory route of infection. The feasibility of ouch weapon rjrtcdr h8r been ertablirhed,. but research ir required to extend it8 captrbilitier to mdmtnn potential. Studier are in progrerr 011 the effect6 of envirox&ent qd delivery syst&s on uninfeeted inrectr, maor infection and transmission studies, kploying yellow fever, Eastern equine encephalitis and E. Pertir in appropriate vectorr. Type classificatioa of the mosquito yellow fever and mosquito-Eartern equine encephalitis Is in progrerr. Variour field trialr to test operational concept8 for delivery are an important part of this project. I 6. (. Contract Progrk in support of this Project: a. (1) Contract Title: Field Testing of Arthropods

(2) Contractor: U. S. Public Health Service (CDC) (3) Scope: Perfoi investigation to detedne (1) rate and extent of dispersion of specific numberr ef mbsquitocs released in cities, (2) effectiveness of released mosquitoes in biting h& beings, (3) the vector effectiveness of &squitoer in transmitting selected agents, (4) arsirt in the execution and assessment of air drops.and other field tests.

(6) Date of Initiation: July 1954

(5) Date of Expiration: June 1959

(6) &unt Funded to Date: $90,000

(7) PY 59 Funding Requirmkt: $20,000 (8) Principal Invertigator: Dr. Herbert S. Schoof I 1. (U) Project Title: Research on BW Rapid Warning Systems 4. ! 2. (U)Purpose: Since BW agents in aerosols of operational quantities are ! not detectable by human senses or by known instruments, warning device providing Lnrtantaneowr warning is required in order that personnel may employ defensive equipmest 4n a thly manner.

I 3. (U) Objective: To obtain a research prototype of a device to provfde rapid warnfng of BW attack.

Pr e8 ent Proposed $250M $1220M 5. rl) Scope: This program Includes the following: a. Physical Principles for Protection -'There is no BW agent rapfd warnLnn device available which posses~eeall of the desirable characteristics. ProtoGes have been developed ;sing various principles with varying degrees of success. Examples are: a detector for protein virus; a rapid analysis of protein by pyrolyses; infrared detection and fluorescent techniqu 4 miniaturized instrment for particle analysis and for aerosol collecti and concentration is under development, as is also a partichrome ana1yzer;r- , (a bacterial detector). 3' b. Bfolonical Principle of Detection - Work is in progress on biological principles for rapid warning such as selected metabollc processes and sero1og::- cal techniques including fluorescent antibody techniques. , .c; 8 6. # Contract Program in Support of this Proiect: a. (1) Contract Title: Investigations Leading to the Mechanization of Collection and Staining Procedures

(2) Contractor: Photomechanisms, hc.

(3) Scope: Develop and furnish a device capable of automatically transporting tape containing impacted particulate matter, and to be usable in conjunction with a scan- ning unit now being developed by the Polaroid Corp.

(4) Date of Initiation: September 1958

(5) Date of Expiration: September 1959

i Project Title: Research on BW Rapid Warning System8

I (6) bunt Funded: $24,825 - ;1C (7) PY 1959 Funding Requirements: None (8) Rincipal Investigator: Dr. Bolduan

b. (1) Contract Title: Development of Methods for the Rapid Ident- ification of Bacteria by Means of Bacterio- Phage (2) Contractor: Kansar State College

(3) Scope: Conduct studies, tests and experimental investigationr, 1. to develop methods for the rapid identification of bacteria in pure and mixed cultures. (4) Date of Initiation: July 1956

(5) Date of Expiration: June 1959 . (6) hunt Funded: $45,000 (7) PY 1959 Funding Requirements: None (8) Rincipal Imrestlgator: Dr. A. Eissenstark

C. (1) Contract Title: Investigation of the Use of Fluorescent Antibodies for the Rapid Detection and Identification of Bacteria

(2) Contractor: University of Maryland

(3) Scope: Conduct studies relative to the detection and identification of pathogenic bacteria by the use of flilores- cent antibodies . (4) Date of Lnitiation: November 1956

(5) Date of Expiration: October 1959

(6) Amount Funded: $48,750

(7) FY 1959 Funding Requirements: None

(8) Principal Investigator: Dr. P. Arne Hansen Project Title: Research on BW Rapid Warning System d, (1) Contract Title: Investigations Leading to the Development - of a Continuous Protein Detector

(2) Contractor: Mine Safety Appliances Company

(3) Scope: Iweatigate the development of a continuous proteln detector based upon pyrolysis principles. i (4) Date of Initiation: June 1957 (5) Date of Expiration: April 1959

(6) Amount Funded: $29,155

(7) FY 1959 Funding ReqULrement8: None (8) Principal Investigator: Mt. J.P. Strange

e. (1) Contract Title: Design and Fabrication of the Scanner Pot tiop of a Partichrome

(2) Contractor: Polaroid Corporation

(3) Scope: Design and fabricate and furnish-f8e scanner portion of a partichrome. (4) Date of Initiation: April 1958

(5) Date of Expiration: September 1959

(6) Bmount Funded: $58,350

(7) FY 1959 Funding Requirements: None (8) Principal Investigator: Tech. Sup. Dr. E.R. Blout

c 1. (U) Rofect Title: Bw Agent Process Research 2. (0) Purpose: The scale-up investigations from research laboratory to production are necessary to provide EM agent capability. Process research atthe laboratory level is economical since variables can be studied in the laboratory more easily and more quickly than in pilot plants. 3. (U) Oblective: To provide for laboratory research on production processes in order to translate laboratory techniques into production potentia Is. 4. (U) Funding: Pres en t Proposed $iwn $3000M 5. # Scope: This program includes the following: a. Process Research on Viral and Rickettsial BW Agents - Details of the process for production of dry Coxiella burnetti (OU) will be studied. Dried 00 will provide an incapacitating agent for very large area coverage of up to 100,ooO square miles (20-50 fold increase over wet 00). In

1 addition, process research will provide more information for determining the production potential of tissue culture techniques for growing all vi s, including those which are now impossible to grow. This should produce virus with greater virulence for man. { b. Process Research on Bacterial and Funqal Agents - Process variables affecting aerosols of dry E. tularensis (UL) will be studied. Various chemical stabilizers will be tested to improve aerosol characteristics of the agent. Process research studies on dried E. Pestis (LE) will be carried out. The success of process research will lead to development of'dry Bw agents with high potential source and low decay rate.

C. Bioloaical Enaineerina Research - A spray dryer will be used to determine the feasibility of drying a suitable dispersed suspension of agent to particles of 1-3 microns in diameter. A fundamental understanding of spray drying will enhance the possibility of producing dry EW agents in more effective concentrations and lower costs through another fundamental approach to drying of usable BW agents. In addition to the above, agents and simulants will be produced to support research efforts of the BW' program as required. d. Assessment of WY Aaents Process Research - Viral and bacterial agents in process research will be evaluated in test spheres and tanks using fixtures and prototype munitions. Evaluations of the agents is necessary in assessing the process potential for the agents in the program. Project Tltle: BW Agent Process Research I .i 6. &Contract Program in Support of this Project: a. (1) Contract Title: Design for a Spray Drying Syetem for Beat ... .. Sens it lve Mater iala, (2) Contractor: Regents of the University of Wfeconsh

(3) Scope: Prepare tke design criteria for a spray drying eystan for heat sensitive materials, in sufficient detail to allow for the design and construction of suck a system,

(4) Date of Inithtion: November 1956

(5) Date of Expiration: December 1958

(6) Amount Funded: $6,900

(7) FY 1959 Fund’hg Requirements: $3,312 (8) Princlpal Lmrestigator: Dean W.B. Marshall, Jr,

.. b, (1) Contract TiSle: Factors UfecQing N;itritfon, Pkysiology Scarage Stabiltty of Bacteria Belonging to tke Genus Paetervella

(2) Contractor: University of Texas

(3) Scope: Conduct stadies relative, bo determining t2.s factors affecting nutrition, pkysfolcgg and storage of bacteria belong- bo the genus pssteussiZa

(4) Date of Initiation: Septeaher 1958

(5) Date of Expkatioa: Acgusi 1959

(6) Amount Funded: $?,I50 (7) FY 1959 Funding Rsqufrements: $?#150

(8) Principal lnveetigstor: Dr. O.E. W9lhns

e. (1) Contract Title: Investisation of High Temperature Diaphragzs and Valves

(2) Contractor: Hills-McCanxa ComFany’ .- Project Title: BW Agent Process Research - (3) Scope: Furnish sample vatves with diaphragms, for test at Fort Detrick for the purpose of determining the degree of durability and efficiency of operation of the complete unit under simulated and/or actual plant operation. In addition, to recommend for test any additional experimental valves or diaphragms meeting minimum conditions.

(4) Date of Initiation: January 1957

(5) Date of Expiration: January 1959

(6) Amount Funded:

(7) Fp 1959 Funding Requirements:

(8) Principal Investigator: None

d. (1) Contract Title: Design and Fabrication of a Spray Drying% System

(2) Contractor: Bowen Engineering, Inc.

(3) Scope: Design a complete spray drying system in accordance with certain engineering and design criteria. Upon approval of design, to fabricate, supervise installa- tion and operation, and to make any alterations deemed necessary.

(4) Date of Initiation: June 1957 (5) Date of Expiration: December 1958 (6) Amount Funded: $124,640 (7) FY 1959 Funding Requirements: $19,970

(8) Principal Investigator: Mr. Donald Belcher

e. (1) Contract Title: Investigation of Methods of Concentration by Flotation and/or other appropriate Techniques.

(2) Contractor: Massachusetts Institute of Technology

h .

Proiect Title: BW Agent Process Research \- I (3) Scope: Conduct studies of methods of concentration by floata- - tion and other appropriate techniques to include ability to withstand concentration and th8 effects on micro- organisms of stress occurring during concentration. In addition, study possible means of surrounding micro- organismwith a thin film of substance to protect it from exposure to water or unfavorable atmospheric conditions.

(4) Date of Initiation: July 1957

(5) Date of Expiration: June 1959

(6) Amount Funded: $49,500

(7) FY 1959 Funding Requirements: (8) Principal Investigator: Professor A.M. Gaudin

prr .. 1. (U) Project Title: Protective Measures for Personnel in the BW program

2. (U) Purpose: The purpose of this project is to protect personnel engaged in the BW program as well as inhabitants of nearby communities from infection and disease by BW agents. 3. (U) Objective: The objective of this project is to provide necessary protection to personnel engaged in the BW program and to inhabitants of I surrounding communities.

I 4. (U) Funding: Pre8ent Proposed $880H $3150M 5. (I Scope: This program includes the following: a. Safety Measures for Protection Against BW R&D Hazards - Continuing program of inspection and testing to determine extent and nature of hazards by development of new techniques, apparatus, decontaminants and procedures for safe operation. b. Clinical Investigation Related to BW R&D Hazards - In cases of occupa- tional disease, all pertinent clinical and laboratory data is assembledpd is correlated with epidemiological data from the research laboratory. Ext i program of periodic immunization and medical examination of personnel .L in hazardous area is conducted. c. Biological Measures for Protection Against BW R&D Hazards - Hazards of Botulinum toxoids and Anthrax vaccines are evaluated. Research on production and assay methods for Anthrax vaccines is carried on as well as work on tularemla and other vaccines. 6. e Contract Program in Support of this Project: Contract Title: Studies and Investigations of Antigens of Bacterium Tularense

Contractor: University of Utah

Scope: Develop procedures for the elaboration and isolation of antigenic substances from cultures and culture filtrates of Bacterium tularense and evaluate, in animals, the protective activity of the antigen preparations.

Date of Initiation: July 1955

Date of Expiration: July 1959

Amount Funded to Date: $15,175

FY 1959 Funding Requirements: None ?S

.. RoleCt Title: Protective Measures for Personnel in the BW program

(8kRFncipal Investigator: Dr. Paul Nicholar

b. (1) Contract Title: Medical lnveatigation

(2) Contractor: John Hopkins University

(3) Scope: Conduct a critical review of pertinent clinical recorda and medical literature; consultation with appropriate authorities in the field; syetanatic clinical studies of cases of infectious diseases at Fort Detri&and Johns Hopkine Hospital for their significance in providing a more thorough understanding of infectlous disease processes and the susceptibility of man to such disease; therapeutic studies ctc.

(4) Date of Initiatiou: August 1955

(5) Date of Expiration: July 1962 (6) Amount Funded to Date: $409,000 f (7) FY 1959 Funding Bequiranent: $159,000 (8) PrLncipal Inves tigator: Dr . Leighton E. Cluf f I 1. (U) Prolect Title: BW Asrerrment Technology :* ! 2. (a) Purpore: To provide for the development of nev evaluation methods and arrernnant routiner errential for the laboratory and chamber mahation of new BU agentr, nnmitionr, or agent-munition combinations.

3. (U) Objective: To provido the laboratory and chamber techniquer to enable adequate evaluation of new BW ageatr and/or munitionr.

4. (U) Panding: Prerent Proporcd $28011 $119011 5. @scope: This program includer: a. Biological and Phyrical BW Asserrment Hethodr - Thir provider for development of arrerrment method8 for application to new agentr and munitionr to arsure a mean8 of obtaining data relative to agent and munition effectivenerr. Prerent empharir on dry agentr and viral agentr ncccm~itateradditional effort in thir field. b. BW Actor01 Chamber Technologp - This provider for development and adaptation of method8 for evaluation of new agentr and mrmitionr through multiple use to obtain data for evaluation OU eff ec tivenera . 6. (U) Contract Program in Support of This Project:

a. (1) Contract TXtIe: Temperature, Altitude and Humidity lert Chamber

(2) Contractor: Tenny Phgineering, Inc.

(3) Scope: Develop, fabricate, deliver, install and test one (1) temperature, altitude and humidity teat chamber and arrociated equipment in accordance with ~pecr. (4) Date of Initiation: June 1956

(5) Date of Expiration: August 1958

(6) Amount Funded: $88,185

(7) F'Y 1959 Funding Requiremats: None

(8) Psojecf, QfE2ce.s: .plr. IS. Madet

n Project Title: BW Aseeaement Technology i. b, b, (1) Contract Title: Rerearch in Assessment Technology (2) Contractor: Armour Resea$c% Foundation of Illinois Institute of Technology

(3) Scope: Conduct comprehensive investigations of specific problems in assessment techndlogy

(4) Date of Initiation: March 1958 ,' (5) Date of Expiration: March 1959 (6) Amount Funded: $93,760

(7) FY 1959 Funding Requirements: None I (8) Principal Investigator: Project Officer: Mr. L. IdoLne . 1. (U) Project Title: Rirk to Armed Force8 from BW Attack . . _. ._ ., * 2. (rr) Purpoue: It ir neccrrary to obtain data urd make a medical evaluation of the $irk that enwy BW attack vould have on U. S, Antied Forcer 80 that adequate protective, prophylactic and therapeutic mearurer can be plmned a8 warranted.

3. (U) Obiectivet To determine the rirk to U. S. Armed Forcer of enemy BW attack.

4. (a) Punding: Present Piopored $lOOOH $2360M 5. # Scope: Thio program lncluder: a. Vulnerabilim of Han to BW - NeCe66.rll data are being collected to datermine the rirk .:E BW attack to U. SI Armed Forcer from a potential BW 4-t, In particulwr, there data refer to the dorr for man, which ir errmtial for BW planning. Necerrary data are being compiled for two agentr, Q Fever and E. tularmrir, as well ar,for other agentr. b. Treatment of BW Carualtier - The evaluation of preventive and therapeutic measurer againat apecific BW agentr I6 conducted in man. i8 will pennft estimation of number of troop8 rcmoved from duty by BW att= k, length of the removed from duty, medic81 lOgiEtiC8 factorr, and sirnil8i planning. Final evaluation of Forhay vaccine and Rurrian type vaccine for tularania ir in progreai. The work on Q Fever vaccine and therapy hubeen completed.

C. Laboratomr:; Identification of BW Anent6 = Work ir in progrerr to ertabliah ryrtamatic 8pproacher to the problem of laboratory identification of BU agent# togqther with exploration and evalyatlon of tbpoadequacy of known nethod8. Progrerr ha8 been nude on the ad+tatipn of fluorerecnt antibody techniquer and tlsrue culture method6 to thio prqblem.

6. @ Contract Program in Support of Thir Project:

a. (1) Contract Title: Asrerrment of the Effectiveness of Tularemia Vaccine in Man

1 1. (2) Contractor: Ohio State Univerrity Berearch Foundation

(3) Scope: This work is adminiotercd by Walter Reed AmMedic81 Unit

(4) Date of Initiation: January 1955

(5) D8te of Expiration: December 1958 (6) Amount Funded to Date: $rrJiooo

29 (U) Project Title: Birk to Armed Forcer from BW Attack

(7) R 59 Funding Requirement: ~?oqc"* - (a) .Principal Iahrertigator: Dr, 3, Sa8l.a

.-...... 1. (UT) Profect Title: Aerobiology Research

Z.'$Uj Purpore: The research carried on under this project is necesrary to provide BW agents possessing optink aerosol charac- teristiZr for specific munition applicationr. Few BW agents have there characteristicr in optink form in nature, and this project seeks to measure the maximum improvement vhich can be attained and then to prwide mamu for achieving it. It also provides munition designerr with inforkion ar to the optih aerosol particle sire6 for Infectivity and aerorol stability.

3. (U) Obfcctive: To optimize the aerosol properties of BW agents for military weapon systems.

4. (a) Funding: Pre s en t Pro posed $llbOM $4410M 5. &scope: ~hirprogrma includes: a. Stability and Virulence of BW Aerosols - Research is done on the effects of aerosol stability of various candidate BW agents. Such factors ar particle size and its effect on infectivity, environmental influencer, age of the aerosol cloud and the effects of certain chemical adjutant8 are considered. The information i derived from these studies is essential to predictable munition cffcctr calculations, lower dosages, firm troop safety distances and greater efficiency and effectiveness in the employment of BW weapons . b. Pathogenesis of BW Aerosol Induced Infections - Basic - research op the host-agent relationship is conducted. This in- volves histo-pathological and biochemical changes, the mechanism of host death and the factor of host resistance. The relation to infection of bacterial and animal lipids is studied. The pathogenerir of ouch orgmikr as X. tularensis, Venezuelan Equine Encephal~elftlr,E. pestis and E. anthracis and Variola is studied. Enowledge of the Pathogenesis will permit greater accuracy In casualty calculations and allow a rational approach to use of unnatural portals of entry.

6. (U) Contract Program in Support of this Proiect:

a. (1) Contract Title: Study of technique for diagnosing early progressive pulmonary disease

(2) Contractor: AVCO Manufacturing Corporation . (3) Scope: Studies will be made to determine whether or not knowledge of the amplitudes and fre- quencier of breath sounds offer a feasible technique for diagnosing early progressive pul*naq discare-in man and experimental

* (U) Project Title: Aerobiology Research , (4) Date of Initiation: Stptkber 1958

- (5) Date of Expiration: September 1959

<6) &unt Funded to Date: $1 .-. --- - ($1 PYS9 Funding Rcquirukt: $1

(8) Project Officer: Capt, Middleton

T a 1. (a) Project Title: CW Agent DPrsemination Research

urpore: There ir a need for continuour imrestigation to obta2* n information on the dissemination of chanical agents and to studyP neu techniques md devices for the more effective use of such agents, (u well %a for boric design studies to improve significantly the functioning of CW munitions and their effective delivery and dispersion on target.

3. (U) Obfective: To obtain basic information, both experimental and mathematical, on the dissemination and dispersion of CW agents which will lead to the development of iinproved CU weapons systema.

4. (U) Funding: Presen t Proposed $75513 $272L)H =. ff Scope: This program includes: a. Dissemination Research on CW &ems -:Research is in progress which will lead to the development of optimal type munitions for dissemination of toxic CW agentr as aerosols, including improved sclf- dispersing bomblets for wide area coverage and devices for the attack of hard targets. Studies In progresr include solids as well as liquidr. Experimental models for the dissemination of V-agent are under investigation. b. Mathematical Research on CW Dissemination - Results obtained here will provide a sound mathematical basis for the assessment of experimental CW munitions and will permit the results of wind tunnel I -< studies to be correlated with field results. Special cmphasls ib being placed on mathematical aspects of casualty assesment. This work is being done under a special program entitled CARAMU.

C. Dissemination Research on Training and Test Agents - Included in this program ia the search for realistic training and maneuver agent dissemination systems. Training systems and test agents are required to permit -re realistic troop training in CW and increase the value of CW doctrine.

6. mentract Program in Support of this Project:

a. (1) Contract Title: Breath Recording System

(2) Contractor: Gulton Industries, Inc.

(3) Scope: Perfonn the research and development required to fabricate a production prototype recording system.

(4) Date of Initiation: September 1957 (5) Date of Expiration: December 1958 33

c cc; L (U) Prolect Title: CW Agent Dissemination Research

(6) bunt Funded to Date: $162,819

(3 FY 59 Funding Requirement: None (8) Principal Investigator: Dr. W. Wilkowitt

b. (1) Contract Title: Investigation of Explosive Direanination of Liquid Agentr

(2) Contractor: Stanford Research Institute

(3) Scope: To investigate thauretically and experimentally the dissemination of liquids by means of explorive devices. The contractor will review and evaluate data from Army Chemical Center field and explosive chamber tent programs and develop theory on the barir of these results.

(4) Date of Initiation: September 1958

(5) Date of Expiration: September 1958

(6) Amount Ftiadad to Date: $50,000

(7) FY 59 Funding Requirement: $50,000 (8) Principal Investigator: Dr. M. Ktlls

c. (1) Contract Title: Casualty Rate Assessment

(2) Contractor: University of Pennsylvania

(3) Scope: To furnish "operations rerearch servicestt with respect to the casualty rate assessment program and/or it8 various aapette.

(4) Date of Initiation: May I956

(5) Date of Expiration: January 1359

(6) Amount Funded to Datc: $209,512

(7) PY 59 Funding Requiruntnt: $100,000 (8) Principal Investigator: Dr, K. Krirger

34 .

35 (U) Project Title: CW Agent Dissemination Rerearch

, Contract Title: Invertigation of Hot Gar Generation of Aerorolr of Law Volatility Liquid.

I cpncractor: Southern Research Inrtitute

... . '.-. - Scope: To imertigate theoretically and axperlmentall~ the hot gar generation of acrorolr (lerr than 150 micronr in diameter) from approximately three Organic liquid6 of 1- VOf8tility.

Date of Initiation: July 1957

Date of Expiration: Augurt 1959

Amount Funded to Data: $54,975

FY 59 Funding Requirement: lone Principal Investigator: Mr. R. Lacey Contract Title: Mathematical and Statirticrl Sarviccr

Contractor: New York University

Scope: To develop and apply mathematical models to describe the ef fectivenerr of CW agent-munition combinations when employed under operational cond It ion8

Date of Initiation: July 1957

Date of Expiration: December 1958

Amount Funded to Date: $37$00 ET 59 Funding Requirement: None (8) Principal Imartigator: Dr. Woodbury

35 1. (0) Project Title: CW Agent Research

2. (v) Purpose: There is a continuing requirement for the improvement of CWpotential in the agents field. New agents must be sought which circumvent known protective measures, or which offer unique military potentialities as in the non-lethal incapacitating area. For there agents, methods for large-scale synthesis and analytical control must be available, as well as basic physiochemical data on reaction mechanism relating to synthesis and stability, and on biochemical mechanism of action. This project supports basic research fundamental to the attain- I ment of these stated objectives. i 3. (a) Objective: To discover new and improved CW agents, of both lethal and incapacitating types, by the application of the research techniques of organic chemistry, physical chemistry, analytical chemisttJI, and biochemistry.

4. (U) Funding: Present Proposed $1195M $8850M # Scope: This program includes: a. New Anent Research - An industrial liaison program is conducted to prwidc for systematic visits to industrial and academic laboratorie. for the solicitation of new compounds, ideas, or procedures of potenti interest to the Chemical Corpr. An accelerated program is being coa- J ducted in hou8c and by contract on incapacitating agents such as tetra- hydrocannabinol (compounds related to marijuana) as well as other compounds having incapacitating action or which offer promise as training or manewer agents. A program to collect information which wi1l.permit synthesis of lethal agents of the types other than V and G agents is being investigated. They include such 8ub8ta~ce8as shellfish, puffer fish and botulinum poisoning. b. An ent Anal~ticalResearch - Methods art being developed for the analysis of V agents and intermediates in the support of laboratory and pilot plant programs. This progrmn includes the improvement of analytical procedures for basic chemical research and field assessment of new agents.

c. ?.gent Physiochemical R6saarch - Basic studies are conducted on the breakup of liquid and solid materiafi into small particle sizes and the characteristics of these particulates are determined. Xncludcd are wind tunnel studies on the effects of turbulence and aerosol stability. Results obtained are directly applicable to problems of aircraft spray and field di8semination of toxics. Work is also conducted on agent penetration of clothing, decontamination, storage stability and persistence of CW agents.

36 (U) Prolect Title: CW Agent Research‘Om d. Biochemical Action of CW Agent8 - Studier are in progrers on the biochemical mechanism of actton of toxic subrtancer such as shell fiah and puffer fish poironr, rnake venom8 and bacterial toxinr. ..I ! Knowledgtof mechanim of biochemical action leadr directly to the porsl- ! bility of enhanced offenrive and defenrivc effectiveness of CW agent#.

6. &Contracts in Support of Thio Project: a. (1) Contt8Ct,Tith: Studies of Certain Phosphorus Compounds

(2) Contractor: National Bureau of Standard8 i ! (3) Scope: Conduct thermodynamic and thermochemical studier I on specific phosphorus compoundr.

(4) Date of Initiation: May 1957

(5) Date of Expiration: December 1958

(6) Amount Funded to Date: 40,000

(7) FY 59 Funding Requirement: None (8) Principal Investigator: Mr. D. Wagman

I b. (1) Contract Title: Screening of Natural Products

(2) Contractor: College of Medical Evangelists

(3) Scope: To screen certain compoundr from natural product6 for their applicability as possible CW agents and the isolation of their active components.

(4) Date of Initiation: April 1954

(5) Date of Expiration: November 1958 (Extension has been requested)

(6) Amount Funded to Date: $197,574 (7) FY 59 Funding Requirement: $25,000 (8) Principal Investigator: Dr. G. T. Anderson

C. (1) Contract Title: Purification of Organic Compounds

(2) Contractor: Applied Science Laboratorieo, Inc.

(3) Scope: Conduct research studies of physiochcrnical technique~for the purification of organic compounds. (a) Project Title: CW Agent Research

Date of Initiation: May 1958

Date of Expiration: May 1959 Amount Funded to Date: $14,585

FY 59 Funding Requirement: None Principal Invertigator: Dr. A. Bore

Contract Title: Penetration of Clothing

Contractor: Rarrlr Eerearch Laboratorier, Inc.

Scope: Investigative rtudier to determine the factors which control the rate of penetration of clothing by organic liquid8

Date of Initiation: March 1958

Date of Expiration: Pebruav 1959

Amount Funded to Date: $17,570

FT 59 Funding Requirement: $20,000 Principal Investigator: Dr. Schwartz

Contract Title: Coated Aerosols by Light scattering'

Contractor: Clarkron College of Technology

Scope: Prepare and imrertigata coated aerosols by light scattering techniquer

Date of Initiation: June 1958

Date of Expiration: August 1959

Amount Funded to Date: $20,000

FY 59 Funding Requiranent: $20,000 Principal Investigator: Dr. M. Kcrker

Contract Title: Fundamental Iwestigationr of the Breakup of Viscoelastic Fluid Jet6

Contractor: The Franklin Institute

38 (U) Prolect Title: CW Agent Rerearch

? (3) Scope: To determine and ertablirh tha fundamental relation- - rhipr gwrwing the breakup of vircoelartfc fluid jet6 at high velocitier for application to the control of drop rize fonnrtion

(4) Date of Initiation: Iwember 1957 (5) Date of Xxpiration: Augurt 1959

(6) Amount Funded to Date: $46,945

(7) Fp 59 Funding Requirement: $24,960

(8) Principal Xnvertigator: Dr. W. Philippoff

g. (1) Contract Title: Reaearch on Natural Product8

(2) Contractor: Univarrity of California (3) Scope: To detennins the chemical rtructure of a substance- -, known as "SS." After the structure of this compoun har bean determined to davirc a method of synthesis: (4) Date of Initiation: Hay 1956 - 4 (5) Date of Expiration: Nmembcr 1958 (Extension ha6 been requertcd)

(6) Amount Pugldcd to Dote: $25,800

(7) Pp 59 mading Requir-nt: $14,000

(8) Principal Invaatigator: Dr. E. Bappaport

h. (1) Contract: Titla: Imertigatioa ob Withania Sorrmiferr ABkaSoids

(2) Contractor: mfv+r:oity of Connectieuat

(3) Scope: To dctemine the ehanical nature and rtructure of the czptolline hynotic alkaloid irolated from WI'I'UHPA SOXKZFERA and to isolate sufficient quantftfm for activity screening.

(5) Date of Expiration: April 1949

(6) Amount Funded to Data: $10,000

40 -. (n) Project Title: CW Agent Bercarch

-(7) FY 59 Funding Requirement: lone (8) Prlncipal Invertigator: Dr. A. E. Schnarting

i. (1) Contract Title: Syrtherir of Compoundr

(2) Contractor: Borton Univerrity

(3) Scope: Conduct research on the ryrtherir of erterr of certain compound8 containing nitrogen and/or pho rphomo

(4) Date of Initiation: May 1954

(5) Date of Expiration: July 1959

(6) Amount Funded to Date: $55,106

(7) FY 59 Funding Requirement: $10,000 (8) Principal Investigator: Dr. J. P. Ma8on j . (1) Contract Title: Laboratorier Facilitier (2) Contractor: Univerrity of California

(3) Scope: Install certain laboratory facilitier

(4) Date of Initiation: January 1955

(5) Date of Expiration: January 1959

(6) Amount Funded to Date: $12,854

(7) FY 59 Funding Requirement: None

(8) Principal Investigator: None

k. (1) Contract Title: Structure of Puffer Poison

(2) Contractor: Harvard Callege

(3) Scope: To investigate the crystalline rubrtance known as Puffer Poiron in order to determine it8 chemical structure and rynthesize this material

(4) Date of Initlation: June 1958

(5) Date of Expiration: August 1959

.. 4\ (U) Prolect Titlrr CW Agent Research (6) Amount Funded to Date: $25,000 (7) FY 59 Funding Requirement: None (8) Principal Investigator: Dr. E. Woodward /’

1. (1) Contract Title: Investigation of Calabash Curare

(2) Contractor: University of Rochester

(3) Scope: To investigate the chemical nature and structure of the paralyris-causing alkaloid8 irolated from calabash plants such ar Strychnor toxifcrs and to spothesize model compounds on the structure features of the alkaloids (4) Date of Initiation: Augurt 1958

(5) Date of Expiration: September 1961

(6) Amount Funded to Date: $11,000

(7) Pp 59 Funding Requirement: $11,000

(8) Principal Investigator: Dr. V. Bochelheide

m. (1) Contract Title: Investigation of Ryanodine

(2) Contractor: University of California

(3) Scope: The elucidation of the chemical nature and structure of the skeletal mrcle contracting alkaloid, rymodine, isolated from Ryaia Speciosa and the 6yntherir of rimple model compounds based on the structural features of ryanodine.

(4) Date of Initiation: June 1958

(5) Date of Expiration: June 1959

(6) Amount Funded to Date: $9,000

(7) Fp 59 Funding Requirement: None

(8) Principal Investigator: Dr. H. Rappaport

1:- L’-. *-. - :-, .. (u) Project Title: CW Agent Research n. 11) Contract Title: Nest Approach-

(2) Contractor: University of Chicago

(3) Scope: To develop nk and different approache6 for the davelop- meat of CW agentr

(4) Date of Initiation: December 1953 (5) Data of Expiration: January 1959

(6) Amount Funded to Date: $327,000

(7) FY 59 Funding Requirement: Bone (8) Principal Investigator: Dr. T. Rudy

0. (1) Contract Tlble: Tbe Effect of Molecular Structure on Catalysis and Molecular Bindin$

(2) Contractor: University of Wi~conrin

(3) Scope: To determine, by means of chemical kinetic 8tudie8, the influence of molecular structure on the relative’ activity of organic catalytic and com- plexing;; agents (4) Date of Initiation: October 1958 (5) Date of Expiration: September 1961

(6) Amount Funded to Date: $10,000

(7) FY 59 Funding Requirement: None

(8) Principul Investigator: Dr. Eiguchl

4 1. (a) Project Title: Flame and Incendiary Research

2. (a) Purpose: There is a continuing requirement for research on flame and incendiary agents and dissemination devices, to take military-advantage of advances in technology in these important areas md thereby increase field capabilities in flame and incendiary -. ._ warfare significantly beyond the present levels. 3. (a) Objectives: To discover improved flame and incendiary agent8 and means for their military use. 4. (U) Punding: Present Proposed $434 $317H 5. Scope: Studies are being made of the design parameters of as related to fuel characteristics; on the feasibility of chemical ignition of flame thrower fuel, and on thickeners on incendiary fuels, including rheologicd iu.vestigations. Initial studies are in progresr on the use of' new high calorie fuels as inceadiary agents . 6. mentract Program in Support of Thi8 Project:

a. (1) Contract Title: Stabilization of Butadiene Polymers

(2) Contractor: University of Akron

(3) Scope: Conduct studies on the stabilization against deterioration at 160°F of certain polymers o,f butadiene . (4) Date of Initiation: May 1957

(5) Date of Expiration: July 1959

(6) Amount Funded to Date: $29,500

(7) Fp 59 Funding Requirement: None

(8) Principal Investigator: Dr. M. Morton

43 1. (a) Project Title: Medical Aspects of CW Warfare I .I . 2. (U) Purpose: There is a continuing requirement for a complete medical knowledge of diagnostic, prophylactic, antidotal and therapeutic dxugr, devices and procedures to estimate accurately the severity of exposure to CW agents and provide adequate medical treat- _. ment of poisoning in man. 3. (U) Objective: To provide a basis for the treatment of Chdcal Warfare casualties and to conduct medical research essential for both defensive and offensive warfare.

4. (U) Funding: Pre sen t Proposed $65W $2370M This program includes: a. Clinical Investigation and Treatment of CW Casualties - Broad exploratory research is in progress to gather information from which to form a basis for attaining more effective first aid and treatment measures for CW agent poisoning and permit a more accurate estimation of casualty production rates for agents GB and VX. Study of VX in man is in progress. b. Incapacitating Action of CW Agents - Research is being conducted to obtain a better understanding of the mechanism and site of action of incapacitating agents, including psychochedcals. Also, potential antidotal and blocking drugs against such agents are being tested.

C. Pathological Actions of CW Agents - Research is being conducted on the pathology of CW agents in an attempt to discover new scientific facts concerning lethal and incapacitating sites of action. These studies reveal whether the injuries produced are reversible or irreversible and form a basis for evaluation of CW agents. d. Human Factors Research - Human engineering studies are performed to evaluate all items including protective and treatment devices to insure that design of final end items will permit utilization by troops with optimal efficiency.

e. Development of Protective and Treatment Items - Final enginc- ering tests are in progress on a cholinesterase blood determination

1 kit which will provide a simple means for determining the blood cholinesterase level in the body of an individual in order to screen troops who may have been exposed to G or V agents. A mask-to-mask resusitator which provides a means for conducting artificial venti- lation of neme gas casualties is also under development and is presently undergoing final engineering testing.

44 (U) Project Title: Medical Aspects of CW Warfare 6. - Progrk in Support of this Project: a. (1) Contract Title: Effects of CW and Candidate Thera- peutic Agent8 .. (2) Contractor: University of Maryland

(3) Scope: Conduct Neuro, Chemical, Physiological, Psycho- logical, Psychiatric Studier of Effects of CW and Candidate Therapeutic Agents

i (4) Date of Initiation: March 1957

(5) Date of Expiration: June 1959

(6) Amount Funded to Date: $71,321

(7) FY 59 Funding Requirement: $25,000

(8) Principal Investigator: Dr. Finesinger

b. (1) Cont'ract Title: Neurological Action of CW Agents

(2) Contractor: University of Washington

(3) Scope: To Study and Evaluate the Action of Certain .. .-,' Psychotomimetric and Tranquilizing Cumpoundr on Animals and Human Subjects (4) Date of Initiation: April 1957

(5) Date of Expiration: September 1959

(6) krmt Ftzudcd to Date: $100,000

(7) FY 59 Funding Requirement: $40,000

(8) Principal Investigator: Dr. Dille

C. (1) Contract Title: Neurological and Psychiatric Changes

(2) Contractor: Tulane University

(3) Scope: Conduct Clinical Studies during the admini- stration of Chloropr&azin, Thoraz ine, F rcnguel, LSD and Analogues to Study the Neurological and Psychiatric Changes Produced

4b .. (a) Project Title: Medical Aspects of CW Warfare !. .-..! Date of Initiation: Novkber 1954 Date of Expiration: November 1958 -(EXtcndOn Requested) Anbunt Funded to Date: $61,162

FY 59 Funding Requirkent: $20,000

Principal Investigator: Dr. B. Heath i Contract Title: Methods of Treakcnt

Contractor: University of Colorado

Scope: To Investigate Methods of Treatment of CW casualties Date of Initiation: Septkber 1954 Date of Expiration: September 1958 (Ertensiod A&nt Funded to Date: $74,736 FY 59 Funding Requirement: $24,542 Principal Investigator: Dr. J . Hkcs Contract Title: Treatment of Poisoning by CW Agents

Contractor: Johns Hopkins University

Scope: To Study Mechanism and Treatmmt of Poisoning by Cw Agents

Date of Initiation: April 1958

Date of Expiration: July 1959 Anbunt Funded to Date: $54,457

PY 59 Funding Requirement: None

Principal Investigator: Dr: Johns

Contract Title: Pharmacology of Nerve Gas Poison and Therapeutic Drugs

Contractor: University of Utah

46 (U) Project Title: Medical Aspects of CW Warfare b Scope: Study, Evaluate and Investigate the "Pha&- cology of Nerve Gas Poisoning and Therapeutic Drugs" Date of Initiation: Septkber 1957

Date of Expiration: Septadbcr 1958 kunt Funded to Date: $16,553 . -, PY 59 Funding Reqdrkent: None I Principal Investigator: Dr. John R. Ward

Contract Title: Psychiatric Studies of Compounds

Contractor: Research Foundation for Mental Hygiene

Scope: Research Services in the Measurement of Psychiatric, Psychological and Special Therapeutic Effects of Certain Compounds Date of Initiation: Septkber 1957 .

Date of Expiration: September 1958

hunt Funded to Date: $25,000

PY 59 Funding Requirement: None

Principal Investigator: Dt. Malitz

Contract Title: Neurological Actions of Agents

Contractor: Johns Hopkins University

Scope: Conduct Studies on the Neurophysiological Action of Agents in Clinical Anid Prepara- tions

Date of Initiation: July 1957

Date of Expiration: July 1959

Amount Funded to Date: $15,000

PY 59 Funding Requirement: $15,000

Principal Investigator: Dr. Langfit 47

k (0) Project Title: Medical Aspects of CW Warfare

I f. (1) Contract Title: Studies of Clinical Findings frk Anti- cholinesterase Poisoning - (2)' Contractor: Louisiana State University

(3) Scope: Conduct Studies and Make Bcc~endationrCon- cerning Clinical Findings of Anticholinesteraee Poison (4) Date of Initiation: May 1954 (5) Date of Expiratioo: July 1958

(6) kunt Funded to Date: $56,500 (7) FY 59 Funding Reqairkent: None

(8) Principal Investigator: Dr. C. Petty

r .. 1. (U) Proicct Title: CW-Biological Sciences Research

2. *Purpose: Basic and applied research in the biological sciences is necemary for the choice of new agents and new materiel, for selection of methods for dissemination of chemical agents and for devising techniques for preventing, deeontaminating and treating casualties due to chemical agents . 3 . PI ective: To provide basic toxicological, physiological, pha cological, entomological and biophysical information required for the development of CW agents and CW offensive and defensive material 1 suitable for use under all environmental conditions.

4. (U) Funding: Pre sen t Proposed $124514 $5610H Scope: This program includes: - ,_ - a. Pharmacology of CW - Studies have been conducted on adjuncts of atropine, such as oximes, for the treatment of GB and VX poisoning. Studies on the mechanisms of actions of VX and other highly toxic am- pounds, including those of natural origin, are in progress. Informati derived from these studies is the essential pharmacological base for 'I ! synthesis and selection of new lethal and incapacitating agents and th development of therapeutic and prophylactic drugs. b. Toxicology of CW Agents - Basic and applied toxicological research is in progress in the following areas: mechanism of penetration of toxic Substances through the skin, including the effects of additives; the penetration of toxic substances through clothing an- ploying realistically clothed animals both in the laboratory and in the ! field; the dosage response to new lethal and incapacitating agents; long-range toxicological explorations, and service work in support of the VX pilot plant. c. Basic and Applied Physiolom - Research on the effects of tan- perature on actions of VX is in progress. Environmental physiological studies are being continued to determine the protection afforded by the protective mask againsf the extremes of hot and cold environments. Comparative studice on animals are made to determine the physiological mechanisms involved in their resistance to CW agents. Information derived from these studies is essential for an understanding of the action of CW agents under various cltmatic conditions and will lead to the development of improved Chcmicel Cprps materiel, doctrines, and procedures. d. CW Agent Chemotherapy - New chrmotherapeutic compounds are being sykesized. Improved forms of oximes have been made and a search for more effective drugs aga1nst.G and V agent poisoning is in progress. New screening procedures are also being evaluated. # (U) Project Tit&: CW Biological Sciences Research e. Biophysical Mechanisms of CW Wounds - Studies have been conducted on the properties of wounds caused by toxic fragments and mir- sile8. An improved method of assessing the antipersonnel effect8 resulting from such fragments has been devised. Biological studies am currently in progress to determine the effectiveness of shaped charge rounds with chedcal loading. Basic studies aimed at treatment and prevention of wounds caused by CW munitions are being conducted. 6. # Contract Program in Support of this Project: a. (1) Contract Title: Treatment of Poisoning of CW Agents

(2) Contractor: University of Illinois

(3) Scope: To investigate treatment of poisoning by nene gases and pulmonary irritants.

. (4) Date of Initiation: March 1954

(5) Date of Expiration: December 1958

(6) Amount Funded to Date: $100,000

(7) FY 59 Funding Requirement: None

(8) Principal Investigator: Dr. Gordon

b. (1) Contract Title: Pharmacology of Certain Compounds

(2) Contractor: University of Michigan

(3) Scope: Conduct research on the pharmacology of certain compounds affecting the central nervous systems of animals and men

(4) Date of Initiation: January 1955

(5) Date of Expiration: February 1959

(6) Amount Funded to Date: $41,220

(7) FY 59 Funding Requirement: $20,000

(8) Principal Investigator: Dr. M. Scevcrs

c. (1) Contract Title: Barrier to Skin Penetration

(2) Contractor: Western Reserve University

(3) Scope: To determine the nature of intradermal barrier to skin Penetration of CW Agents. 50

.. (U) Project Title: CU Biological Sciences Research

(4) Dote of Initiation: June 1958

(-5) Date of Expiration: June 1959

(6) kunt Funded to Date: $15,000

(7) FY 59 Funding Requirement: None

(8) Principal Investigator: Dr. Stoughton

d. (1) Contract Title: Clinical and Experimental Bases for Treating CW Casualties

(2) Contractor: University of Pennsylvania

(3) Scope: Evaluate, in man, drugs or drug mixtures intended for use in preventing or treating casualties produced by V-agents or other related or new CW agents.

(4) Date of Initiation: June 1955

(5) Date of Expiration: June 19S9

(6) Amount Funded to Date: $68,000

(7) PY 59 Funding Requirement: $15,000

(8) Dr. J. H. Comroe

e. (1) Contract TLtle: Pharmacological Approach to the CW Problem

(2) Contractor: University of Pennsylvania

(3) Scope: Investigate the fmetional significance of non- neural tissue in the 2ypo:halamic region, str;dy effects of CW agents on transmission of nervous impulses with autonomic ganglia and within the central nervous system, on cardiovascular fcnction, on reopiratcry activity and on reflex rtgulatorp mechanism of cardiovascular and respiratory fuqctions.

(4) Date of Initiation: June 1958

(5) Date of Expiration: Jute 1959

(6) Amount Funded to Date: $35,000

(7) FY 59 Fuading Requirement: None

(8) Principal Investigator: Dr. C. S. Schmidt (U) Prolect Titlp: CW Biological Sciences Research f. (1) Contract Title: Penetration into the Skin - - (2) Contractor: Massachusette General Hospital

(3) Scope: Study of spreading of solations on cutaneous suf- faces and penetration of the skin.

(4) Date of Initiation: March 1957

(5) Date of Expiration: February 1959 (6) Amount Funded to Date: $38,250 (7) FY 59- Funding Requlrement: $20,000 (8) Principal Investigator: Dr. I. H. Blank

52 1. (n) Project Title: Health Hazards of Military Chemicals

2. (U) Purpose: The purpose of this project is to study the toxicological and pharmacological properties of military chemicals such as exotic missile and rocket fuels, exhaust products, hydraulic fluids and lubricants which are required in order to estimate their hazards to man and to develop appropriate treatment and preventive materiel and procedures.

3. (rr) Objective: The objective of this project is to conduct research essential for safeguarding personnel exposed to toxic chemicals such as propellante and oxidizers.

4. (0) -ding: Present Proposed $1OM $280M 5. (U) Scope: The scope of this project is to obtain and collate information generated by this program which is of use to the Chemical Corps . 6. (U) Contract Program in Support of this Project: None

53 1. (U) Prolect: CW Protection Research

2. (n) Purpose: The purpose of this project is to assess protective items against cw agents using bio-assay techniques and to discover chemical reactions vljch are applicable to decontamination procedures and detection and identification methods for CW agents.

3. (U) Objective: The objective of this project is to provide a basis for the development of improved chemical procedures for field detection and de- contaminntion of V and G agents and of new CW agents, as discovered, and for the biological assessment of protective items against such agents.

Present Proposed $1834 $640H 4vScope: This program includes the following: a, CW Aspects of Food and Water - Research is carried out on detection procedures and means of treating contaminated food and water supplies. bo Chemical Aspects of CW Protection - Studies are carried out on-basic chemical reactions of V agents for possible leads to detection and dec&tamin- ation methods for incorporation into kits, crayons, etc.

C. Biological Aspects of CW Protection - Developmental CW protective items are evaluated by physiological and toxicological methods under various conditions.

6. (U) Contract Program in Support of this Proiect:

(1) Contract Title: Tertiary Amines and Organohologenated Agents

(2) Contractor: University of Wisconsin

(3) Scope: Conduct a research study involving the reactions and kinetics of reactions between varying organohalogensting materials with tertiary amines in aqueous and nonaqueous media. (4) Date of Initiation: June 1958

(5) Date of Expiration: June 1960

(6) Amount Funded: $19,000

(7) F'Y 1959 Funding Requirements: None

(8) Principal Investigator: Dr. Higuchi

55 I:. 1. (U) Project Title: Padcaging and Materials Research 2. (V) Purpose: Military supply with its emphasis on concepts such as aerial delivery require specialized attention to packaging and packing and a cont.inuing effort to keep pace with latest and best developments in this field. A strong materials research effort is needed to meet current requirements and to compile knowledge in anticipation of future materials needs for CBB materiel.

3. (U) Objective: To conduct a research and development program on packaging and engineering materials that will promote maxFmum effectiveness in CmlC materiel and minimum cost. 4. (U) Funding: Preient Propoaed $9OM $370M 5. (U) Scope: This program includerr the following: a. Packaging: Research for CmlC Materiel - Emphasis is being placed on development of specific end-item packaging such as CW warheads missiles, CW alarms, etc. By providing engineered packaging and for CmlC materiel it is assured that this mateiel will be from the time of production to the the of use.

b. Materials Research for CmlC Materiel - Emphasis will continue on resolving specific material problems consislewith eod-item developaent. The use of more efficient and economical materials in CmlC end itens per- mits better design concepts and facilitates their manufacture.

6. (n) Contract Program in Support of this Proiect: None 1. 4 ProJect Title: Large Area Particulate Cloud Travel (LAC) (U) PurPose: Calculations and preliminary tests have indicated that 2*it i ossible to attack very large areas, 100,000 square miles or greater. withla EM-agents. Further testing is required to quantitate this concept and to determine.both the potentiality of large scale Bw attacks and the vulnerability of the U. S. to such attacks. Oblective: The objectives of this project are to determine the 3*dist il!r ution of biological agents achieved over areas of several hundred thousand square miles by disseminating materials along an extended line source and to obtain definitive data for the verification of predictive meteorological concepts relating to air mass trajectories and downuind diffusion of particulates.

4. (0) Fundina: Present Proposed $200H ss22'L: Scope: A series of exploratory trials have been conducted using exten5* d ed line sources (400 miles and greater). Fluorescent particles were released in amounts up to 5,000 lbs. per trial. The particulates were dispersed over an area in the order of 300,000 square miles, establish g the feasibility of this concept. Additional trials are being conducte to obtain quantative data on area coverage using this method of particula dispersal under a variety of meteorological conditions. Increased eff it is being given to improving the stability of BW agents and developing appropriate disseminating devices for test purposes. Models for predict- ing particulate cloud diffusion and area coverage are being developed- 6. (U) Contract Proaram in Surmort of this Project: None

56 1. (a) Project Title: Cloud Physics of Toxicological Warfare 2. (U) Purpose: Effective operational use of toxic CW and EM munitions by the field comnander requires (1) the ability to predict target effectiveness, (2) the ability to predict target meteorology, and (3) reliable estimates of the potential hazard to friendly troops. Efficient, economical, and reliable field testing of toxic CW and BW munitions necessitates an understanding of the basic parameters governing atmospheric turbulence and diffusion. This project encompasses the essential field trials, data evaluation, and theoretical studies, to meet the above requirements.

3. (U) Obiective: The objective of this project is (1) to develop information concerning basic parameters of turbulence, (2) to form mathematical predictive equations for concentration and dosage calculations to improve the theoretical basis for field testing, and (3) to provide the essential tools for field combat use of toxic munitions systems. 4. (U) Funding: Present Proposed $300M $3000M 5. (I Scope: This program includes: j a. Complex Terrain Studies - Studies have been initiated to inve i- gate the diffusion of gaseous and particulate clouds over special surface situations such as (1) tropical jungle and rain forest, (2) mountainous regions and broken terrain, (3) open seao and (4) arctic terrain.

b. Meteoroloaical Research in Support of the LAC Proaram 7 Studies on vertical winds gustiness with height and diffusion of particulates for downwind distances up to 200 miles under night time conditions are in progress.

C. Investisation of Meteoroloaical Parameters and Forecastina for ODerational Emploment - Improved methods are being developed for operational meteorological forecasting.

d. Investiaation of Diffusion from Point Sources - This program is designed to provide data on the downwind distribution of material of a dis- tance of 0-1 and 0-10 miles over flat terrain under a wide range of meteorological conditions. Data will be used to verify and/or modify mathematical models that have been developed for estimating JM and CW casualties.

57 CL*[ CL*[

(a) Project Title: Cloud Physics of Toxicological- Warfare i 6. Contract Proqram in Support of this Pro-lect: (1) Contract Title: Characterization of Air Flow Patterns (2T Contractor: Stanford University (3) Scope: The scope includes participation in planning, executing and evaluating ~f field experiments designed to compare atmospheric diffusion prediction equations over flat open terrain, to continue cloud physics instrumentation work, and to provide assistance in development and advancement of CBR test technology specifically as it pertains to FP tracer techniques.

(4) Date of Initiation: June 1955

(5) Date of Expiration: June 1959 (6) Amount Funded To Date: $320,329 (7) FY 59 Funding Requirement: $85,000 (8) Principal Investigator: Dr, W. Perkins

58 Protect Title: Ecology and Epidemiology, DPG

2. (U) Purpose: The purpose of this project is to continuously investigate the-safety lidts and conditions for field testing BW materials in order to safeguard the health of animal and human populations of the Dugway test area . 3. (U) Oblcctive: The objective of this project is to identify the insect, animal and bird population of the Dugvay Proving Ground and determine the diseases endemic in them and the diseases to which they are susceptible, with particular emphasis on the agents to be utilized at DE..

4. (U) Funding: Pre s en t Proposed $185M $640M Scope: Thfs program Includes: 5. b a. Research on Fauna in Field and Laboratory (Ecologlcal Phase). Research in the transmission of disease by wildlife with particular emphasis to those BW agents to be tested at DPG.

b. Survey of Livestock and Wildlife (Epidemiological Phase). Sumeys are conducted on infectious diseases fn livestock and wildlife to determine current endemic disease situations and to determine any effects of BW field trials.

6. &Contract Program in Support of this Project:

a. (1) Contract Title: Epidemiology Survey of the Region in and around Dugway Proving Ground, Dugway, Utah.

(2) Contractor: University of Utah

(3) Scope: Conduct continuous investigation relative to the safety limits and conditions for field testing toxic BW materials in order to safeguard the health of animal and human populations of the test areas.

(4) Date of Initiation: September 1957

(5) Date of Expiration: September 1959

(6) kunt Funded to Date: $90,290

(7) FY 59 Funding Requirement: $57,000

(8) Principal Investigator: Dr. Jager

59 (U) Project Title: Ecology and Epidemiology, DPG

b. (1) Contract Title: Ecological Research Studies on Evalu- ating Wildlife in Relation to Spread - of BW Agents

(2) Contractor: University of Utah

(3) Scope: The objective Is to perform continuing research on fauna in and around DPG in the field and laboratory to provide the baais for predictions of public health impact on specific BW field testing program.

(4) Date of Initiation: June 1958

(5) Date of Expiration: June 1959

(6) Amount Funded to Date: $290,924

(7) FY 59 Funding Requirement: $91,000

(8) Principal Investigator: None

60 ,

1. (a) Project Title: CBR Field Tert Technology ! 2. (n) Pulpore: To provide the technological rerearch errential to the development of techniquer for efficient, rignificant and accuratefield rampling and arrerrment of CBB munition and agent dirranination'trfalr.

3. (n) Oblective: To provide a rurtaining and critical evaluation of tcchniquer, method8 and equipment utilized in CBB field terting in order to improve exirting knowledge and capability in thir field.

4. (a) Funding: Prcr en t Propo8ed $250M $1120M 5. #Scope: Thlr program includer: a. CU Field Tert Technology - This program will provide for development of errential analytical procedurer, collection techniques, and evaluation tcchniquer required for the accomplirhmcnt of field testing in the CW munitionr program with current cmpharb on the V-f illed i temr . b. BW Field Test Technology - Thi8 program will provide for the development of technQuer in collection, assesrmcnt, xnd evaluation of BU agent8 di6reminated in variour ucperimental munition8 and device8 . 6. (U) Contract Program in Support of Thi8 Project: None

61 PAGE 62 IS MISSING

c 1. (U) Proiect Title: BW Warheads for Rockets and Missiles

2. (v) Purpose: The purpose of this project is to satisfy a requirement for application of BW items to missile warheads for U.S. Army. This vLll provide an integrated BW capability for U.S. Army shown by operational studies to have 'important advantages in various military situations . 3. (U) Objective: To develop a BW weapons system for missile delivery.

4. (U) Funding: Pr es en t Proposed $ISOM $99W

5. &Scope: A BW warhead for SERGEANT Hissile is being designed and several prototypes fabricated and tested. Upon completion, this item vL11 give the Army a BU capability utilizing the SERGEANT Missile.

6. &Contract Program in Support of this Project:

(1) Contract Title: Preliminary Research and Development of a Missile Warhead.

(2) Contractor: Aero j et-General Corporation

(3) Scope: To develop a satisfactory BW Warhead for delivery and lease of BW agent bomblets (SERGEANT Missile).

(4) Date of Initiation: April 1958

(5) Date of Expiration: November 1958 (Extension being negotiated)

(6) Amount Funded to Date: $108,730 (7) FY 1959 Funding Requirement: $113,480

(8) Technical Supervisor: Mr. S. Fabeck

63 Project Title: Special BW Operation#

Purpose: The adaptation of BW to special opcrationr requires research and development to ertablirh both offenrive and defenrive capability in thir i area.

.* 3. (v) Objective: To provide materiel and techniquar applicable to rpecial offensive and defensive BW operationr.

4. (n) Funding: Present Proposed ! $man $643H 5. ~SCOPC:Provirion of BW materiel and techniques for special operations which will provide a new capability in warfare. Detail8 of thir project are TOP SECRET.

6. &contract Progrdm in Support of Thir Prolect:

Contract Title: Studies and Invertigationr of the Factor8 Affecting the Pathogenicity of Salmonella Contractor: University of Wisconrin if Scope: Conduct requested atudier of the factors affectin the pathogenicity of Salmonella

Date of Initiation: Fcbruary 1955

Date of Expiration: February 1959

Amount Funded to Date: $82,600

FY 59 Funding Requirement: None Principal Investigator: Mr. J. V. Wilson

Contract Title: Preparation and Evaluation of Staphylococcal Enteto toxoids

Contractor: University of Chicago

Scope: Develop and evaluate toxoids from partially purified rtaphylocoecua enterotoxin preparation8

Date of Initiation: May 1956

Amount Funded to Date: $56,200

FY 59 Funding Requirement: None

64 -. I

(U) Project Title: Special BW Operation8 (8) Principal Invertigator: Dr. Gall M. Dack

C. (1) Contract Title: Iwertigation of Innnunization Againrt Coccidioider inmitir

(2) Contractor: Duke Univerrity

(3) Scope: Conduct necerrary iw8rtigation of vaccino preparation8 against Coccidioide8 iumdtlr

(4) Date of Initiation: July 1956

(5) Date of Expiration: September 1960

(6) Funded to Date: $28,800

(7) FY 59 Funding Ij$quiranent: None (8) Principal Invertigator: Dr. Norman S. Conant

d, (1) Contract Title: Iwertigationr Concerning the Pathogen1 and Phyriology of the Genu8 Cryptococcu

(2) Contractor: University of West Virginia

(3) Scope: Conduct rtudieo and teat8 relative to the pathogenicity and phyrio1ogy of the genur. C~tOCOCCUr

(4) Date of Initiation: Augurt 1956

(5) Date of Expiration: July 1959

(6) hunt Funded to Data: $33,860

(7) FY 59 Funding Requiremsnt: lone

(8) Principal Investigator: Dr. John Slack

65 -. 1, (0) RoJect: BW Munitions Development

2, (a) Rrrpose: To develop BW munitions which can be delivered by current I and future weapons systems of the Armed Forces.

3, (0) Objective: The objective of this project is to develop BW munitions which dl1 enable the field army to utilize BW weapons in the most effective manner and vhich will provide a powerful weapon of a characteristic not found in other weapons.

4, (a) Funding: Resent Proposed $3894 $1050M The tasks under this project are as follow: a, Portable Biolonical Generator - This is a development task to develop a BW uiunition which can be used by troops in forvard areas. Such a munition will provide the field soldier with a weapon for use in certain tactical situations in which conventional weapons would be of little use. ? b. 3.4 Spherical BW Bomblet - This bomblet is of the self-dispers type and will enable the most effective delivery of BW agents from missiles and aircraft. This bomblet is in the advanced design stages has been successfully delivered by supersonic test vehicles,

C. Bssessment of BW Munitions - During the development of BW munitiono, the various designs must be tested and the BW effectiveness must be carefully measured and evaluated. Special methods and techniques must be devised in order to accomplish this task.

6. (IT) Contract Program in Support of this Project: None

66 1. (U) Project Title: BW Product and Process Engineering

2. (v) purpose: . It is essential that optimum process equipment and product design criteria and designs be developed to implement an active BW production program whenever the need map arise. 3. (U) Oblective: To develop complete, up-to-date designs and epecifi- cations for BW production processes, equipment and products.

4, (v) Funding: Present Proposed $205M $824M 5, &Scope: This program includes the followhg: a. Preparation of Drawings and Purchase Descriptions - Drawings and purchase descriptions will be available to procure item for Final Engineer- ing Test (e.g., E-22 Generator, E-133 Sphere, E-25 BW Field Sampling Kit). b. Engineering Studies - Knowledge of latest advances in engineering techniques is maintained enabling application to the BW program resulting in solution of unique B&D problems.

Contract Proaam in Support of this Project:

Contract Title: Standardized Biological Safety Cabinets

Contractor: Aerojet-General Corporation

Scope: Produce complete set of production fabrication drawings and models for safety hoods and parte for use in producing antipersonnel agents for use in BW.

Date of Initiation: July 1957

Date of Expiration: September 1958

Amount Funded: $98,000 FY 1959 Funding Requirements: None

Principal Investigator: Mr. Harold P. Feldman

.. '& !

I 1, (a) Project Title: BW Agent Process Development 2. 1) Purpose: A reliable, evaluated proceso for producing agent8 in large Quantities is essential for a lethal or incapacitating BW weapons spsteme. . .

3, 4ObJective: The objective of thio project is to develop economi- cally desirable and technologically feasible methods for producing BW 1 agents which meet8 specific technical requirements, ! Funding: Resent Roposed 1 4. (U) $77R;i. $250OM 5, # Scope: Thio program includes the following: a. Process Development of Dry P. Tularensis (UL) - A production process will be demonstrated in pilot plant equipment for the production of dry UL and the product evaluated for aerobicdogical properties. b. Process Development of Wet Venezuelan Equine Encephalomyelitis (hm - Pilot plant development of Agent NU in eggs will be completed. Work will include aerobiological properties of wet NU, This work will result obtaining the information required to establish a production capability.1 C. Assessment for BW Process Development - Reliability of proces es for dry UL and wet NU will be evaluated in test spheres and chambers uslug test fixtures and prototype munitions. Aerobiological properties of the dry agents will be assessed.

6, (U) Contract Pronram in Support of this Proiect: None

.. 4 i 1. (U) Profcct Title: Antfcrop Warfare i Purpose: To perform rerearch on plant pathogenr, and chemical 2*antic op qmtr which vould rerult in a seriour 1088 of agricultural coummditler* to the extent that the ability of an enemy to wage war vould be rcriourly.' affected.

3. &Oblectiva: To provide effective agentr which will attack enany agricultural commoditier.

4. (n) Funding: Prerent Propored $200 $2000M

5. &Scoot: Thir program include6 rerearch on cereal agentr, rice pathogenr and anti-rice chamicalr, screening of new biological anti-crop agentr including viral typer, epidemiological rtudier on potential target arear, research to determine practical anticrop agent dirnemination techniqurr and equipment suitable for field terting and potential opera- t ional applicat ionr . 6. #contract Program in Support of This Ftolcct: mne. ThZr proj war previourly cancelled due to lack of fund8 and har just been re- ertablirhed by the Department of the Army.

c Y . . 'A 1 I 1. ( Project Title: CW Warheadr for Rocket8 and Mi68ih8 2. P Purpose: To enable tactical units to neutralize effectively both point urd large area targets by ure of large rocket8 and guided mi86ih6 for delivery Of agmt8.

3. &Objective! To develop the mort effective chemical warfare capability by exploiting the potential of chemical agent8 in surface- to-rurfrce mirrihr and larger rocketr. 4. (n) Funding: Prerent Propored $1515~ $moon

50 Scope: Thir program includer: a. GB Warheadr for BONEST JOHN Rocket - Thir cover8 development of a CU vuhedd for the HONEST JOHN Rocket and evolving data necessaq for derign of a warhead compatible with the Improved HONEST JOXN Rocket vithin ths the framer that the respective rockets will remain in the A- 8y6tU. b. cs1 Warhead Studies for Guidtd Misriler - Thir cover6 the conduct of rtudier urd iwertigations of basic principle8 to guide development of CW warheads of maximum target effectivenerr for A- rockets adguided mirriler. Studieb have been made of the suitabilid for CW u#c of the LITTLE JOHN, REDSTONE, JUPITER, pd LACROSSE type mirriler, and an imertigation is being made of the suitability of ure of massive warheadr for point targets and bomblets for larger t arget6.

C. GB Warhead for Optimum LITTLE JOHN Rocket - Thir cover8 developraent of a warhead to provids the Army with a flexible capability to neutralize both point and area targets. d. GB Warhead for SERGEANT Mis6ih - Thir covers development of a warhead to provide the field Army with a CW capability to strike ttrgetr in reu arear . Contract Program in Support of Thir Project:

a. (I) Contract Title: Field Testing of Warheads ’I (2) fbntrict~r: NEW Mexico AM College

(3) Scope: Performs the service of collecting, arsanbling, and evaluating the data obtained as the result of actual mirsile firings at White Sands Proving Grocnd.

(4) Date of Initiation: 4 December 1956

(5) Data of Expiration: December 1958

70F.., ... ‘I. (U) Project Title: CW Warheads for Rockets and Hissiles

(6) kunt Funded to Date: $51,845 I (7). PY 59 Fuuding ReqtdrementF $36,000 (8) Principal fnrestigator: Hr. E. McDowell

b. (1) Contract Title: Experimental Pyrotechnic and Explosive I Development and Loading Device8

(2) Contractor: Atlas Powder Company

(3) Scope: To develop and conduct tests of various pyrotechnic and/or explosive components to include: - (a) gas generator pyrotechnic chponents, (b) pyrotechnic delay and explosive bolt ass-bliqb, and (c) linear

shaped chard6 ‘

(4) Date of Initiation: June 1958

(5) Date of Expiration: June 1959

(6) Ambunt Funded to Date: $15,000

(7) FP 59 Funding Reqdrkeut: Hone (8) Principal Investigator: Mr. R. Girr

C. (1) Contract Title: Fabrication of Warhead Casings

(2) Contractor: Aircraft A&ents

(3) Scope: To design, develop and fabricate ten test warhead casings for CoRpoRAL Missiles

(4) Date of Initiatiop: Jwne 1956

(5) Date of Expiration: July 1959

(6) Anbunt Funded to Date: $99,614

(7) FY 59 Funding ReqGirement: $10,000

(8) Principal Investigator: Mr. W. Birchman

71 I (U) Project Title: CW Warheads for Rocket. and Mirriler d. (1) Contract Title: Worheadr for SERGEANT Hirsilei

(2) . Contractor: Cook Electric Company

(3) Scope: To derign and fabricate chamleal warhead for SERGEANT ~18riie (4) Date of Initiation: June 1957 (5) Date of Expiration: December 1958

(6) Amount Funded to Date: $110,999

(7) FY 59 Funding Requirement: $25,886 (8) Principal Invertlgator: Mr. C. F. Bilinrki

72 Prolect Title: Flame Warfare Materiel

Purpose: US CONARC and the U.S. Urine Corps have firm require- mento-for materiel and related equipment for effsctive conduct of flame warfare...... -. _I 3. (n) Oblectivc: To develop improved portable and mechanized flame throwers, flame thrower semice equipment, incendiary agents, flame 1 thrower fuels and fuel thickeners. 4. (U) Funding: Resent proposed Q240M $627U 5. (U) Scope: This program includes the develojrmeat of the following flame warfare items of materiel which are scheduled for standardization within the next two years. a. Flamethrower, for AW/APC Class Vehicles - This item will give a flame capability to a new family of light weight vehicles. bo Zmo roved Portable Flame Thrower - This item is 1/3 less the weight of present standard flame throwers, has improved filling and senicing characteristics, and bettkr silhouette characteristics. addition, it will extend the range of portable flame throwers to 10 metere . C. Flame fuele and thickeners - An improved fuel thickener of poly- -,. i butadiene rubber is under development. This thickener is superior to present thickeners for production of more stable fuels with better mixing and operational characteristics, and will be usable in all current flaae prototypes and standard flame material. d. E42 Fire Rocket - Final Engineering Tests are being conducted on a flame rocket that will give the ground forces a close support weapon for employment of flame on area targets at ranges of 400 to 2500 meters. Present flame capabilities are limited to a range of 300 meters. e. Fuel Mixing and Transfer Unit - An improved fuel mixing and tracs- fer unit is under development which will be of continuous type and will permit servicing of protable and mechanized flame throwers at a markedly increased rate with less maintenance.

6. (p) Contracts in Support of this Project: None

73 1. (U) Proiect Title: Toxic CW Munitions

2. (a) Putpore: To develop the wet effectiva chemical warfare capability Ln both- aerial and ground delivery munitions.

3. (a) Oblictive: Requirements exist to davelop tk most effective toxic chamical munition8 for delivery by current and futura aerial and ground weapon syrtaua and which will enable the Armed Forces to have the best toxic chemical offensive capability in readinerr,

4. (U) Punding: Present Proposed $iiiok $29lOX 5. #Scope: This program includes the following: a, Techniauer for Field Evaluation of CW Munitions - This task is to develop the necessary techniques for the proper testing and evaluation of V- agent and V-agent munitions. b. V-AP;ant Munitions - This task ir to develop munitions vhich will dis- raninate V-agent8 in the most effective manner and provide a capability for delivery of V-agent by current and future weapons systems. Such muni ons fn- clude the spherical self-dispersing munition for ure in Army guid. missiles such a8 the LITTLE JOHN, HONEST JOHN, and SERGEANT; V-agent shells for. the loSon, 195mm and 8" Howitzers, the V-agent toxic landmine, and the T- f 8 &ea Toric Rocket Waapon System. Feasibility studies are also being conducted on V-agent spray tanks to be carried by USAF and Naval aircraft and Army drones. Other faasibility rtudies are being conducted on massive cube bombs for the delivary of CB and V-agents by USAP strategic bombers., Although not funded by Armp, GB shells are being developed for 5" and 6" Naval guns as well as a 500-lb. GB bomb for naval aircraft delivery.

C. Other task6 under this project are the d&alopment of special riot control device8 for the Military Police such as the Helicopter-Mounted Irri- tant Gar Disperrer, the Portable Irritant Gas Dispereer, and a bursting-type Irritant Cas Grenade.

60 meontract Ronram in Support of this Proiect:

Contract Title: Bomb Bay Spray Tank

Contractor: ED0 Corporation Scope: To determine the feasibility of a bomb bay spray tank fcr use with CW agents.

Data of Initbtion: July 1957

74 75 .. Prolcct Title: Toxic CW Munitions I (5) Date of Expiration: January 1960

(6) Amount Funded: $116,600

(7). FY 1959 Funding Requirements: None

(8) Principal Investigator: , Mr. Donald Shapero

I Contract Title: Development of Self-Dispersing Rotor Contractor: The Flettner Aircraft Company

Scope: Development of self-dispersing rotor.

Date of Initiation: April 1958

Date of Expiration: December 1958

Amount Funded: $37,000 FY 1959 Funding Requirements: None

Principal Investigator: Mr. A. Flettner

! Contract Title: Wind Tunnel Testing

Contractor: National Bureau of Standards

Scope: Conduct wind tu&cl studies of the aerodynamic characteristics of Chemical Corps aerial munitions. *

Date of Initiation: January 1958

Date-_., of Expiration: May 1959 *e kunt Funded: $11,000

FX 1959 Funding Requirements: $10,000 Principal Investigator: Mr. ROB. Heald

Contract Title: Encapsulation Materials for Utilization of CX.

Contractor: University of Michigan

Scope: To investigate various encapsulation materials and techniques for utilization in CW.

75 c Prolect Title: Toxic CW Munitions

(4) Date of Initiation: June 1958

- (5) Pate of Expiration: June 1959

(6) Amount Funded: $1.00

(7) FY 1959 Funding Requirements: $1.00

? (8) Principal Investigator: Dr. A. Mattocks ! e. (1) Contract Title: Theoretical Investigation of Gas Behavior

(2) Contractor: New York University

(3) Scope: To conduct theoretical irmcstigation of gas behavior as related to casualty,production and munition effective- neee.

(4) Date of Initiation: June 1957 4 (5) Date of Expiration: Auguet 1959 j (6) Amount Funded: $40,000

(7) FY 1959 Funding Requhements: $20,000

(8) Principal Investigator: Mr. L. Herbach

76 1. (U) Prolect Title: Signalling and Screening Smokes 2, (n) Rp-pose: US CONARC hae stated requirements for countermeasures against vimal, infrared and radar.observation and for protection against thermal-effects of atomic weapons. 3. 40bjective: To improve smoke sigua1li~gand screening systems capable of being used by the Army in support of both offensive and defensive combat operations,

4, (0) Funding: Resent Proposed $25M $66Y 5. 1Scope: Studies are in progress on methods for the generatlon of screening agents whlch will swe as countermeasures against vIsua1, ln- ftared and radar battlefield observation. Maximum protection against the thermal effect8 of atomic weapons is also Included,

6, (0) Contract Promam In Support of this Prolect: None

77 ! 1. (0) Project Title: Engineering Design, Specifications and Testing -: 2. (v) Purpose: In order to assure mass producibility of CW items under development, it is necessary that required engineering be performed througbut development. Drawings and purchase descriptions, including surveillance criteria are required for procurement of prototypes for final engineering teste.

3. (U) Objective: Perform engineering to as6urf mass prOdUCibility, pro- pard final prototype drawings and procurement purchase descriptions of Chemical Corps materiel and conduct engineerfng studies. 4. (U) Fundinq: Present Propo sed $255M $85% 5. (U) Scope: This program includes the following: a. Engineering Design and Testing - Engineering studies are being conducted on subjects such as modern metal forming techniques, decontam- hation of aLr filters, powered metal process and equipment. b. Product Design and Drawinns - Drawing6 are being prepared on items on vhich prototypes vi11 be provided for Fhal Engineering ! (e.&, E-37 Tank Collective Protector, 8" Howitzer GB, HONEST

C. Purchase Descriptions and Environmental Surveillance Criteria - Purchase descriptions are being prepared for Engineering Test procurement and criteria are being established for items entering Enviroamental Test Program.

6. (U) Contract Promam in Support of this Project: None 1. (U) Projact Title: CW Agent Procerr Development

2. (a) Purpore: Thir project cover8 the rerearch rtudier and procerr invertigationr for the development of new c;W agentr and procerrer including) (a) tha accumulation of baric rerearch procerr infornution and data; (b) 'rpecial invertigationr to improve unit rptherir md tachqiquer; and (e) tha rprtherir of trial lotr of .gent8 and agent intarmediatcr for munition development teat program.

3. (U) Objective: The objactive of thir project ir to conduct procerr rerearch and develop naw and improved procerrer, equipment and operational tachniqucr for the manufacture of CU agentr and inter- mediate8 . Prerent '$36ow 5, #Scope: - Beraarch rtudier and invertigationr rill be carried out to detennina tha baric factor. pertaining to intermediate rtability md purification and to detennina procerr data. Infomation developed tmdar thir program will arrure that Chemical Corps will be abla to fulfill its mirrion of maintaining up-to-date procerr rerearch + data md information required to provide agent and munition capability. 2 l 4l 6. a Contract Program in Support of This Preject: it a. (1) Contract Title: Procerr Studier ef V-agent

(2) Contractor: M. W. Kellogg Company

1. ,, -- . . (3) Scope: Thir contract ha8 as its objective the definition of tha reactlonr for the efficient production of VX want urfng the Tranrerter Procerr. (4) D8te of Initiation: May 1958

(9) Data of Expiration: July 1959 (6) Amount Funded: $212,695 (7) FY 1959 Funding Bequirementr: $12,476 (8) Principal Investigator: L. B. Coggin

79 I 1. (U) Project Title: CW Warning and Detection

r 2. &Purpose: R& sense8 are ineffective for warning of the presence of the new CBB agentr, In addition, the extreme toxicity of there agcntr dict8ter that rapid warning devices be available which are capable of perdtting personnel to take protective measures prior .. to rrporure to incapacitating or fatal dosager. Also, detection '_ 1 methods and kit6 are required (I) to determine when it is safe to rcmOve protection, (2) to delineate areas contdnated, and (3) to identify specific agentr used.

3. *Objective: To develop rapid warning systans for the Armed Forcer permitting employment of protective measures before eneq use of CBB agents becomes effective, and to devise identification syrt&s which can identify the specific agent used in an attack. 4. (U) Fundins: Present Proposed $46SU $1600M 5, 4 Scope: Thio program includer: a. Toxicological Area Screening Alarms - A priority research + effort is being conducted towards the development of an item capable of ikediate warning of the prerence of toxic gas clouds pr1o.r to 4 their infiltration of a military operation. A "breadboard" model A of a device called LOPAIB utilizing the infrared principle has been constructed snd tested with encouraging results. b. Detection Methods and Materials for Toxic Anents - Research is being conducted on chemicals and their reaction for use in papers, powders, paint8 and'crapons to detect V and G agents, The results frk there invertigations will form the basis for the devclopent of new items superior to existing detection and identification devices.

C. Devebmkutal Itair - The following ita& are presently under development : t (1) Toxic Agent Point Source Alarm (2) CW Agent Detector Crayon (3) CBR Agent Sampling and Analyzing Kit 6. bContract Program in Suoport of this Project:

a. (1) Contract Title: Test for V-Agent

(2) Contractor: Batclle Memorial Institute

(3) Scope: Investigation of Laboratory Tests for V-Agents 80 (U) Project Title: CW Warning and Detection Date of Initiation: May 1956

Date of Expiration: Extension has been requested

kunt Funded to Date: $114,400

FY 59 Funding Requfraaent: $40,000

Principal Investigator: Dr. R. Poirier

Contract Title: LOPAIR Alarm

Contractor: Farrand Optical Ckpizay

Scope: Development and construction of a fixed instal- lation LOPAIR Alarm

Date of Initiation: January 1957 Date of Expiration: December 1958

Amount Funded to Date: $33,475

FY 59 Funding Requirement: None -- Principal fnvestfgator: Mr. R. Atler Contract Title: Miniaturized E21 Alann

Contractor: Radio Corporation of berica

Scope: To miniaturize the E21 Point Source Alarm

Date of Initiation: December 1954

Date of Expiration: February 1959

Amount Funded to Date: $163,950

FY 59 Fuuding Requirement: None

Principal Investigator: J. R. Parsons

Contract Title: LOPAIR System

Contractor: Eartman Kodak Company

81 .

(U) Project Title: CW Warning and Detection Scope: Investigations of LOPAIR Systems for Determina- tion of Toxic Agents

Date of Initiatfon: June 1955

Date of Expiration: April 1959

hunt Funded to Date: $129,050

PY 59 Funding Requirement: None Principal Investigator: Hr. C. D. Salzberg

Contract Title: LOPAIR System

Contractor: Farrand Optical &parry

Scope: Conduct Studies on Improved LOPAIR Ala&, E-33

Date of Initiation: October 1955 3 4 3 Date of Expiration: October 1958 $ Amount Funded to Date: $106,692

FY 59 Funding Requirement: None Principal Investigator: D. P. Nolan ,. BEST’AVAkAB~ECOPY 1. (v) Profect Title: NuCla8r Warfare Defenrr

... . 2. 4Pttrpose: To obtain the infomution on radiation, either initial or reridel, required to develop the procedures, technique6 and equipment needed to cope with the r8diOlogiCd hazardr incident to nuclear warfare, This inforrvtibn must be of a type and in a form ruitablc for 168 by

*. , milltary planners. 3, @Objective: To provide the infonnation, techniques and equipment requ d by the Army for defenue against the radiological hazardr incident to nuclear warfare. There hazards may be from the lnitial , or raridual radiation from a nuclear weapon and/or the radiation from radiological warfare agents.

4, (a) Fnnding: . Prebent Prop0 6 ed $570X $2250M 5. il(l~c0pa: This program includes: A. Protection hainst Radiological Hazardr - The detenninatioa of the neutron cross mctions of various elements important for use in military rhielding and construction are being conducted jointly with the3 National Bureau of Standards. Neutron acattcring, abrorbing and reflecthg szper4mtnts wet and through various media are being conducted as an 1 inhourre program, Thir progruzn mot be correlated closely with the gmmaa rcidiatfon, the building of gamma radiation within an absorbing medium, md the development of data for use by designer6 of equipment and fortifications to incorporate the optimum gcmmu rhieldfng charactcri%ticr . . -.-_ I cansirtent vfth other requirements. b. Atomic Weapons Test Participation - Planning is continuing for participation in atomic weaponr teste, when the current moratorium expires. This includes the measurarmemts of both gammo and neutron radiation as a functioa of both time and dictance and the determination of the spectrum.

C. Technical Evaluation mQ Revfew 0 The U.S. has detonated apprsxi- mbtcly IS0 nuclear veopoacs and devicer, ranging from a few tonu to eevtsal rnsgatcns yield and wide vaerfeticns in height (or depth) bursts. Tbae data muit be correlated and put into useable fonn an& the probable a:sLzasy detrtminad, This work is expected to show where additional work is needed cr whrr furthcr work is tot needed and put available data into a fcrm uraable by non-technicaily trained pe.peOr1~181. d. Tactical Gamma-Neutron Doairneter - This work ccvfra the dweicp- mesr of a dosimeter vhich .cillf record both the neutron and gannna doste received, either singly or combined.

83 (n) Project Title: Nuclear Warfare Defense .-, e, SPecial RW Prolltctr - Work in offenrive employment of radiological warfaro agent6 which ha8 bean limited to review of current and projected rtock pile of fisrion product8 from US and NATO rcactorr, i8 continuing, f. Radiation Test Area and Particle ACCtltr8tOr - A circular radiation teat area with a 100 yard radiur is presently under conrtructioa. This

j. radiation field will be ured for ganrma rhielding problcmr, biological ! experimentr, inrtrrnacllt calibration and development, and development -! of monitoring and rurvey techniquer. NegOtiatiOZkS are underway at the prcrent time for the purchase of a particle accelerator for use in the neutron program. hi8 accelerator will give a controlled source of neutronr of various tnergier and will be of great we in the neutron field.

6. &Contract Program in Support of Thir Project: a. (1) Contract Title: Gamna Neutron Dosimeter (2) Contractor: Controls for Radiation Incorp.

1L. (3) Scope: To derign, fabricate and test suitable equipment * for the fabrication of tactical chemical dorimttcr Contractor will conduct kinetic 8tudies and irolst$ and identify quantitatively the radiolprir productr using both types of radiation. (4) Date of Initiation: June 1958 (5) Date of Expiration: May 1959

(6) Amount Funded: $80,087 (7) PP 1959 Funding Rdqulrements: $55,657 (8) Principal Invattigator: Mre I. Bcrnrtcin

84 .. 1. (0) Project Title: Combat Sutveillance Countermeasurer (Nod* Elec tronic)

Purpore: Great cmpharir is being placed by the Azmed Force8 **in th9 use of photographic, radar, and infrared dwic.8 to obtain information on enemy movementm. Since the enemy will have 8 similar cap8bility, counte~mearure8against these devices aro neccrrary to protect our own forcer. Non-electronic, or physical counterme~sure agentr are often more effective than electronic countermcarurer for jamming, or rendering ineffective, such battlefield surveillance deviccr

I Oblective: To discover and develop, non-electronic principles, agen3- ig and dis8emination systems aimed at reducing the effectivenear of en- visual, photographie, radar, and infrared battlefield surveillance devicer.

4. (U) Pundin&: Presen t Proposed $60M $230M 5. &Scope: There art three taeks under thir project which are rupported by approved requirements from the field amy. These taka % . are: a. Screening Agents Research: Thir task is to discover new and iqrroved non-electronic esreening agentr and method8 of dissanination Of such 8geUt8.

b. Infrared Screening Systems: This task is to develop a suitable rgant and disreminating system which will provide protection againrt enemy infrared sur~elllancesyrtms. There is an apprwed requirement from the arrny field forcer for this countefmeasure system and an agent has been found (E16) which is quite effective. At present, a nsw gas turbine dirserninator ir being developed which will provide protection of troop8 and armor over large areas from enemy photographic, visual and infrared auhveillance systans.

c. Radar Screeriinn Systems: This task is to dwelop a suitable agent and disseminating systan which will provide Frottztion against enemy radar survciilance systems. There is an approved requirement form the amy field forces fer this countermeasure system. An agent has been developed (ElO) which is effective againrt the most coturnonly used radar surveillance wavebands and development is being initiated to provide diegemhators such as 81 nrm and 4.2" mrtar shells for grotection of forward trocpg against enemy rodor locators, and various high-altitude rocket8 to protect guided missile battalions from enemy radar surveillance. Work is continuing to dcvclcp a new screening agent which will be tqcally effective at the extremely short radar bands aow coming into use for ruweillarice puqoccr.

6. (0) Contract Program in Support cf This Project: None 1. (U) Rolect Title: CW-BW Protective Materiel

2. .(U) Frpose: The purpose of this project La to develop protective materiel and procedures which are compatible with present and proposed operatlonal doctrine and techniques and that are requked to enable Army units in the field to accomplish their mission under conditions of CBB warfare . 3. &Objective: The objectives of this project are to develop effective decontamination systems, protective masks and components, new and improved t clothing and clothing finishes and collective protection materiel which will satisfy existing requirements for BW-CW protective materiel.

4. (U) Funding: Present Proposed $9OOM $3100M 5. &Scope: This program includes the following: a. Protective Clothing - Search for a clothing impregnation system which is reactive, repellent and self-indicating for nerve and vesicant type agents which will provide effective protection against highly toxic agents Ai& cause casualties through skin penetration. , b. Decontamination Methods and Materiel - Development of E17R1 Por $able - Decontaminating Apparatus and DS-2 Solution. Studies on an individual decontaminating kit. Search for improved decontamination procedures and materials.

C. Collective Protection for Guided Missile Control Vans - Development of protectors for NIKE-HERCULES and HAWK. Studies on AN/GSS-l and Missile Monitor . d. Gas and Aerosol Filter Material - Evaluation of dry process material. Aqdied research to obtain improved absorbent for protective applications. e. Collective Protection for Field Type Shelters - Applied research on field type diffusion shelters. General design studies on diffusional shelters. f. Tank Collective Protection System - Work on E37R1 Tank Protector and othzi. protection problems on tanks and combat vehicles.

g. Helicopter Pilots' Mask - Development of helicopter pilots' mask. h. Pteld Protective Mask - Completion of development of E13 type field ma -'.: which will satisfy USCONARC requirements.

.. (a) Project Title: CW-BW Protective Materiel 6. Contract Program in Support of Thie Proicct:

a. (1) .Contract Title: Protective Clothing Materialr

(2) Contractor: Barris Rerecrch Labotatoricr

I (3) Scope:' Conduct iuvestigative rtudier of clothing to protect the human'body from percutaneour attack from toxic t agent8 (4) Date of Initiation: May 1958

(5) Date of Expiration: May 1959

(6) Amount Funded to Date: $10,000

(7) Fp 59 Funding Requirement: $10,000

(8) Principal Investigator: I&. A. Schwartz -i b. (1) Contract Title: Protective Device8 ji (2) Bntractor; .?l,ueSafety Appliance Coquny a. (3) Scope: The derign arid develogm&nt 05 ptotectlve devicc8, including B 13 Maak .. , (4) Date of Initiation: April 1953

(5) Date of Expiration: December I958

(6) Amount Funded to Date: $601,350

(7) ET 59 Funding Requfrmznt: Nzne (8) Principal Inve$tigttor: Ms. R. Coti5fsb c. (1) Contract Title: Gar Aerosol Fffter

(2) Contractor: Waterbury Companies

(3) Scope: Design a process for the mass production of gas aerosol and filter elements.

(4) Date of Initiation: March 1956

87 4

Project Title: CW-BW Protective Materiel ,

(5) Date of Expiration: December 1958

(6) Amount Funded: $99,800

(7) FP 1959 Funding Requirements: ,$lO,OOO (8) Principal Investigator: Mr. W.F. Reibold

d. (1) &tact Title: Small Decontaminating Apparatus

(2) Contractor: Walter Kidde Company

(3) Scope: To investigate the development of a small decontminating apparatus.

(4) Date of Initiation: June 1954

(5) Date of Expiration: December 1958 i (6) Amount Funded: $91,837

(7) FY 1959 Funding Requirements: None (8) Principal Investigator: Mr. V. Dennis

e. (1) Contract Title: Zmproved Field Protective Mask (2) Contractor: Continental Rubber Company

(3) Scope: Development of an improved field protective mask. (4) Date of Initiation: June 1953

(5) Date of Expiration: December 1958

(6) Amount Funded: $49,870

(7) FY 1959 Funding Requirements: None

(8) Principal Investigator: A.C. Era

f. (1) Contract Title: Permeable Protective Clothing Treatmetts

(2) Contractor: Food Machinery and Chemical Corporation

c c

Project Title: CU-BW Protective Materiel (3) Scope: To develop methods of treating protective clothing which will be-eelf-indicating. Date of Initiation: September 1952 Date of Expiration: December 1958

I Amount Funded: $88,000

FY 1959 Funding Requirements:a None

Principal Investigator: Mr. J. Keefe Contract Title: Research and Development of Protective Devices

Contractor: Mine Safety Appliance Company Scope: To develop direct color tests for use in G and V alarms h Date Initiation: 1958 t of May T Date of Expiration: January 1959 3

Amount Funded: $80,500

PP 1959 Funding Requirements: $80,500 Principal Investigator: Mr. J. Lytle .

1, (U) Profect Title: Enviroumental Field Testing 2, (U) Purpose: To fulfill the requirement for comprehensive emiron- mental testing established by AB 705-5 and AB 705-15, . -. 3. (n) Obfcetive:-' 20-maintain a -comprehensAra biwirmmental field test program to evaluate Chemical Corps materiel against objectives outlined in AE 705-15 and to evaluate performance and storage capabilities of Chanical Corps materiel under environmental stress, Proposed $810M 5. (n) Swve: This project includes maintaining test teams at arctic, desert, tropic, and temperate test sites to generate data and evaluate performance and storage capabilities of Chemical Corps materiel under short-term and long-tenn environmental stress, Approximately 40 item are nov under test wlth new items being added as they become available from the development program.

6, (U) Contract in Support of this Program: None - _b .

.I. .(I

...... - Prolect Title: CBR Field Testing

Purpore: To provide the essential data for the engineering .engineering terting, and proof of potential of all Chemical Corps CW and BW munition-agent combinationr. Thir is implemented b7 a progrum of 'field ttrting of there $tans conducted by the U. S. Army . . ',1 Chemical Corps Proving Ground. 3. (IT) Objective: To teat CBR agents, weapon#, and defense itam - under dynamic field test conditions to determine their suitability.

1 4. (v) Funding: Present P ropo sed $1986M $5580H 5. Scope: Thir program includes:

8. CW Development Tertiq - By testing various munitions under reprcrentative dynamic conditions, data will be generated to broaden the batsir for evaluation of the dissemination of CW agents and the suitability of new munitions for type classification. Data provided under thir project serve to quantify our new capability in CW and the ability of our agent-munition systanr to circumvent the * f ield pro tec tive mask.

I b. BW Development Testing: By testing various munitions and BW dispensing syrtam under dynamic conditions, data vi11 be evolved to enhance the technology of BW agent dissemination and provide development and engineering teat information leading to type classification of BW munitions. This vork will lead to BW offensive . capabilities not presently available.

6. (a) Contract Program in Support of This Project: Bone ..

91 1. 4 a. Contract Title: A Study Relating to EW Detection b. Contractor: National Academy of Sciences

C. Scope: Endeavor to ascertain, so far as practicable, a fresh and basic approach to the problems inherent in biological agent detection. d. Date of Initiation: December 1957

. 'e. Date of Expiration: March 1959 f. Amount Funded To Date: $6,000 g. FY 1959 Funding Requirement: None b. Rincipal Investigator: Dr. Clem Miller

a. Contract Title: Study and Analysis of the BW RGD Program b. Contractor: Booz-Allen Applied Research, Inc.

C. Scope: Investigation and analysis of the Bw RGD progkm with res: to those areas where Bw can make a substantial contriba- tion; an evaluation of current and planned programs in th BW field in light of progress and overall requirements; make as required specific individual appraisals of the ovi all BW proqram. d. Date of Initiation: February 1957

e. Oate of Expiration: January 1962 f. Amount Funded to Date: $477,000 g. FY 1959 Funding Requirement: $23O,OOO h. Principal Investigator: Project Officer - Mr. Hayward

xN92 a. Contract Title: Survey of Test Practices L b, )fContractor : General Analysis Corporation

C. Scope: Conduct a detailed survey of current test practices of Biological Warfare Laboratories, Chemical Warfare Laboratories, and Dugway Proving Ground.

d. Date of Initiation: September 1958 e. Date of Expiration: February 1959 f, Amount Funded To Date: $57,247 g. FP 1959 Funding Requirement: None h, Principal Investigator: Mr. Paul Homeyer

5 4. 4 =$ , a. Contract Title: BW/CW Study bo Contractor: University of Pennsylvania

C. Scope: Contract is divided into two phases, (1) Supported by DOD deals with the feasibility of employing non-letpal BW/CW agents in limited war situations, (2) Supported by the Chemical Corps deals with the communication of BCD information on BW/CW between research and development agencies of the Army,Chemical Corps and military planning and using agencies.

d. Date of Initiation: July 1958 e. Date of Expiration: June 1959 f. Amount Funded To Date: $lOO,OOO g. FY 1959 Funding Requirement: None h. Rincipal Investigator: Dr. KO Krieger

m-1 - i. I 93