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Uganda, the President Appeared As the Keynote Speaker and Verbally Attacked the Media, Accusing Them of Behaving Irresponsibly

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Uganda, the President Appeared As the Keynote Speaker and Verbally Attacked the Media, Accusing Them of Behaving Irresponsibly At the World Press Freedom Day celebration in Uganda, the president appeared as the keynote speaker and verbally attacked the media, accusing them of behaving irresponsibly. UGanda 404 MEDIA SUSTAINABILITY INDEX 2009 INTRODUCTION OVERALL SCORE: 2.35 UG Although Uganda’s constitution is among the strongest on the African continent, with provisions that guarantee press freedom and freedom of speech, undemocratic media laws contradict these freedoms. Laws on sedition, anti-terrorism, criminal libel, and others that hinder freedom of expression remain on the Abooks, despite calls from media organizations, local and international human rights groups, and civil society anda to scrap or amend them to meet modern standards. Furthermore, as the National Resistance Movement (NRM) government continues to consolidate its power, press freedom and freedom of speech in Uganda seem likely to remain under threat. The government moved ahead with plans to review the constitutional provisions that guarantee press freedom and freedom of speech, arousing suspicion among the journalism community and the opposition. In 2008, the president formed a cabinet committee to look into the existing media laws, possibly to make them more biting. The Uganda MSI panelists said that they expect the committee to present a report to the national parliament. Journalists work under the threat of violence, with reports on the rise of journalists being beaten, harassed, interrogated, and tortured. The government continues to harass and intimidate the media through its security organs—including a special police unit set up to deal with negative media reports. Many journalists and some opposition politicians have been summoned to appear at the Criminal Investigation Department headquarters, where they are grilled for their stories that criticize the ruling NRM Party. According to the MSI panelists, some of these journalists are never the same after appearing before the police desk, and they give up writing critical stories. Government officials, including the president, continue attacking the media for their work to expose corruption. At the World Press Freedom Day celebration in Uganda, the president appeared as the keynote speaker and verbally attacked the media, accusing them of behaving irresponsibly. In addition, big advertisers and businesses interfere with editorial independence, especially with private media, to the extent that some funders have threatened to withdraw business from media houses that criticize their companies. The global downturn has impacted many media houses also, leading to layoffs and pay cuts for staff members and freelancers. The mounting economic pressure threatens some media houses with closure. Despite all of these problems, the vibrancy of the media comes through, with its coverage provided to all sectors and its wide geographic reach. Since the last MSI, a number of FM stations have come on the air; to date, more than 150 radio companies have been granted licenses, and about 130 are operational. In combination with Uganda’s new television stations, this growth in electronic media has particularly benefited the rural poor, increasing their access to news. UGANDA 405 UGanda AT A GLANCE GENERAL MEDIA-SPECIFIC > Population: 32,369,558 (2010 est., CIA World Factbook) > Number of active print outlets, radio stations, television stations: Print: 4 daily newspapers, 5 weekly newspapers, several magazines; Radio > Capital city: Kampala Stations: 165; Television Stations: 45 > Ethnic groups (% of population): Baganda 16.9%, Banyakole 9.5%, > Newspaper circulation statistics: Top three by circulation: The New Basoga 8.4%, Bakiga 6.9%, Iteso 6.4%, Langi 6.1%, Acholi 4.7%, Bagisu Vision (60% state-owned, 40% public share holders; 35,000 circulation); 4.6%, Lugbara 4.2%, Bunyoro 2.7%, other 29.6% (2002 census, CIA The Monitor (privately owned, 27,000 circulation); Bukedde (60% World Factbook) state-owned, 40% public share holders) > Religions (% of population): Roman Catholic 41.9%, Protestant > Broadcast ratings: Top three radio stations: Central Broadcasting Service 42%, Muslim 12.1%, other 3.1%, none 0.9% (2002 census, CIA World FM (private), Simba FM (private) and Bukedde FM (60% state-owned, Factbook) 40% share holders) > Languages (% of population): English (official national language), > News agencies: Uganda Radio Network (private), Ultimate Media Ganda or Luganda (most widely used of the Niger-Congo languages), (private) other Niger-Congo languages, Nilo-Saharan languages, Swahili, Arabic (CIA World Factbook) > Annual advertising revenue in media sector: $10 million (2007) > GNI (2009-Atlas): $15.04 billion (World Bank Development Indicators, > Internet usage: 2.5 million (2008 est., CIA World Factbook) 2010) > GNI per capita (2009-PPP): $1,190 (World Bank Development Indicators, 2010) > Literacy rate: 66.8% (male 76.8%, female 57.7%) (2002 census, CIA World Factbook) > President or top authority: President Lt. Gen. Yoweri Kaguta Museveni (since January 26, 1986) Unsustainable, Anti-Free Press (0-1): Country does not meet or only minimally meets objectives. Government and laws actively hinder free media development, professionalism is low, and media-industry activity is minimal. MEDIA SUSTAINABILITY INDEX: UGANDA Unsustainable Mixed System (1-2): Country minimally meets objectives, with segments of the legal system and government opposed to a free media system. Evident progress in free-press advocacy, increased SUSTAINABLE professionalism, and new media businesses may be too recent to judge sustainability. Near Sustainability (2-3): Country has NEAR progressed in meeting multiple objectives, 2.77 2.67 2.66 with legal norms, professionalism, and 2.58 SUSTAINABILITY 2.57 2.56 the business environment supportive of 2.36 2.35 2.31 2.28 2.27 2.26 2.25 independent media. Advances have survived 2.12 changes in government and have been 1.91 codified in law and practice. However, more SUSTAINABILITY time may be needed to ensure that change is MIXED SYSTEM UNSUSTAINABLE enduring and that increased professionalism and the media business environment are sustainable. Sustainable (3-4): Country has media that UNSUSTAINABLE are considered generally professional, free, ANTI-FREE PRESS 2006-07 2008 2009 2006-07 2008 2009 2006-07 2008 2009 2006-07 2008 2009 2006-07 2008 2009 and sustainable, or to be approaching these FREE PROFESSIONAL PLURALITY OF BUSINESS SUPPORTING SPEECH JOURNALISM NEWS SOURCES MANAGEMENT INSTITUTIONS objectives. Systems supporting independent media have survived multiple governments, OBJECTIVES economic fluctuations, and changes in public opinion or social conventions. 406 MEDIA SUSTAINABILITY INDEX 2009 OBJECTIVE 1: FREEDOM OF SPEECH parliament members, under the guise of maintaining law and order. “Ugandans have been stopped from holding peaceful Uganda Objective Score: 2.26 demonstrations, arrested, beaten, and sometimes released without being charged. Others at times are charged, and with time, cases against them are dropped,” said one panelist. Uganda’s 1995 constitution guarantees the right to freedom of expression and the media. However, noted Geoffrey Other panelists disagreed, and credit the current government Wokulira Ssebaggala, program coordinator for the Human with promoting freedom of speech and the press, pointing to Rights Network for Journalists, “there are subordinate laws progress in comparison to previous governments’ treatment on the books which contravene the national constitution and of the press. “People have been allowed to organize freely regional and international treaties to which Uganda is party. under different political parties, professional associations, Such laws include the Anti-terrorism Act, which criminalizes trade unions of their choice—which was not the case before,” news likely to promote terrorism and sets death as a penalty; said one panelist. This panelist also noted that rallies or public the Law on Sedition, which limits the media’s ability to audit meetings are held in designated areas in cities and towns to government performance, and; the Press and Journalists’ avoid disrupting other businesses, but are free to take place Statute, which requires every journalist to be licensed. The anywhere in rural areas. government has drafted another controversial communication Journalists continue their struggle to abolish laws that bill [the Communications, Internet, and Computer Misuse obstruct the freedom of the press, petitioning parliament and Bill] to intercept all communications, including Internet, presenting their views to the cabinet committee and the new telephone, and mail boxes, among others. If passed in its information minister, Winnie Kabakumba Matsiko. However, current form, the sources of information which the media panelists said that journalists remain skeptical that their views relies on most will be threatened.” will be accommodated in the amendment process. In addition, the Police Act prohibits any Ugandan from Access to information is still obstructed, despite being holding a rally or public meeting without permission from guaranteed by Article 41 of the constitution and a the police inspector general. The police use these laws and supporting act for free access to public information. David regulations to deny Ugandans—especially those linked to Malinga Doya, senior writer for The East African, said that the opposition—their right to associate and hold assemblies. many departments ignore the law and do not release On several occasions, plainclothes officers have dispersed
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