Rembrandt Van Rijn – Ages 8 – 9 | Online Edition
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REMBRANDT VAN RIJN – AGES 8 – 9 | ONLINE EDITION Step 1 - Introducing the Rembrandt van Rijn Slideshow Guide MOTIVATION BEGIN READING HERE Do you enjoy dressing up for Halloween? Part of the fun of Halloween, besides the candy, is pretending to be someone you’re not! When you were small, do you remember having fun dressing up in different clothes or costumes? And if you had a good imagination, you probably made silly faces to go along with your costume. You probably even have some photographs of you making funny faces that you have saved and make you laugh. Our artist today loved to dress up in costumes and make silly faces. But he lived about 400 years ago, before the invention of the camera, so instead of taking a photograph of himself, he would paint a self-portrait or do sketches of himself that he turned into etchings. Today we will meet our master artist through his self-portraits. I would like to introduce you to Rembrandt. Click Start Lesson To Begin 1. SELF-PORTRAIT LOOKING OVER SHOULDER Can you imagine young Rembrandt trying out different expressions in a mirror and then doing this self-portrait? As a young man he probably had not thought of showing himself to future generations through his self-portraits. He was like an actor practicing before a mirror. He wanted to be able to express feelings in his paintings, feelings that the viewer could see and understand right away when they looked at his work. Rembrandt had a strong and bold personality, and it shows in his self-portraits. Guess how many self-portraits Rembrandt did during his lifetime. He did more than 90 self- portraits! We can learn a lot about him by seeing how he looked at himself from youth to old age. Rembrandt’s self-portraits become quite an autobiography of his life. To follow his explorations of his own face is like reading a book and gaining an understanding of this man and his life. Rembrandt studied his face intently to see how his eyebrows came together and how his jaw pushed forward. Can you give me a word to describe the expression you see here? (ANGRY, OUTRAGED) Would “ferocious” be a good description? (YES) This ferocious expression fascinated him and he quickly sketched what he saw in the mirror. He started his visual autobiography at a young age. Why? He was probably simply in need of a model. No one else was available. His father was working in the mill, his mother was at church, and his sister was in the kitchen. Besides, with himself as the model, he could do anything he pleased. Perhaps a friend or relative would not cooperate or might feel embarrassed at striking strange poses or making silly faces. 1 REMBRANDT VAN RIJN – Ages 8 – 9 | MeetTheMasters Online Edition REMBRANDT VAN RIJN – AGES 8 – 9 | ONLINE EDITION This self-portrait is an ETCHING. Drawing on a thin metal sheet with acid makes an etching. That acid eats into the metal and creates lines. Ink is then rolled over the metal plate and fills the lines. Paper is pressed onto the plate and the result is a print called an ETCHING. Rembrandt is as famous for his etchings as he is for his paintings. In just one year he made 20 etchings of his face! Click Next To Change Slide 2. THE WINDMILL Rembrandt’s father worked in a windmill like the one you see in this etching by Rembrandt. Windmills are very common in Holland. People either lived next to them or even in them. For what are windmills used? (GRIND GRAIN OR PUMP WATER OUT OF LAND) In your art activity you will be drawing a windmill in a Dutch village. All his life Rembrandt’s deepest ambition was to show human feelings with his art. This at first meant simply making faces like you see here… laughter, amazement, scowling, snarling. But as he grew older, he abandoned the outrageous expressions and feelings, and looked closely at himself with a sad and thoughtful eye. This next self-portrait shows us that change, twenty years later. Click Next To Change Slide 3. SELF-PORTRAIT (WITH EARRING) Rembrandt was forty-four years old in this portrait and was a very popular artist by this time. Two years after completing the “ferocious” self-portrait, Rembrandt decided to set off for the big city of Amsterdam. In what country is the city of Amsterdam? (HOLLAND) So he packed up his paints and canvasses and set off for Amsterdam. He rented a studio beside a canal. Amsterdam was a growing city in 1632. Along her canals were many fine houses. Almost every day rich citizens came to his door asking him to paint their portrait. Rembrandt painted perfect likenesses of his clients, and in two years he became the most popular painter in Amsterdam. He was only twenty-eight years old, as order after order poured in, and soon he became as rich as his clients. What did he buy with all that money? He bought plumed hats, embroidered coats, and pieces of antique armor. His self- portraits at this age show an artist all decked out in rich costumes looking very confident as Holland’s most successful painter. - Click Next To Change Slide 4. SELF-PORTRAIT OF ARTIST WITH HAT What differences can you point out from the last self-portrait? (OLDER, SERIOUS, TIRED, DEPRESSED) When this was painted, Rembrandt was fifty-four years old, and he died 2 REMBRANDT VAN RIJN – Ages 8 – 9 | MeetTheMasters Online Edition REMBRANDT VAN RIJN – AGES 8 – 9 | ONLINE EDITION just nine years later. To know why he looks so serious and depressed, I will tell you some of the events that happened to Rembrandt. What could have happened to turn the bold young man into this sad old man? We will discover those answers as we look at his life through his artwork. Not only did he enjoy dressing up himself, he also liked to dress his portrait clients up in costumes he kept in his studio. Try to guess what kind of costume this lady is wearing. Click Next To Change Slide 5. FLORA Look carefully at what you see held in her dress and what decorates her hat. (FLOWERS, LEAVES) What season of the year do you associate with green leaves and pretty flowers first blooming? (SPRING) This portrait is showing a good friend portraying Flora, Goddess or Queen of Spring. Notice the flowers in her right hand taken from the ones in her skirt, which she holds like an apron. She seems to offer them to someone beyond the canvas at the left. This is one of Rembrandt’s rare PROFILE portraits. Can you turn your head sideways and show me your profile? Very good! Look closely and tell me what part of the painting shows great detail and is touched richly with golden light. (HER SLEEVES AND DRESS) The golden light that shines on her face and clothing is one of the trademarks of Rembrandt’s style of painting. What do you notice about the lighting of the background? (DARK) Rembrandt skillfully uses LIGHT as contrasted with SHADOW. It’s fairly easy to identify a painting by Rembrandt, because he developed a painting style using light and dark that is unlike that of any other artist. There is even a special kind of lighting in photography where objects in shadow appear to glow with a golden light. It is called “Rembrandt Lighting.” Let’s look for that “Rembrandt Lighting” in this next group portrait. Click Next To Change Slide 6. THE NIGHT WATCH Do you see that special “Rembrandt Lighting.” (YES) Where do you see that “golden light?” (TWO MEN IN FRONT, LITTLE GIRL IN WHITE, OTHER FACES IN BACKGROUND) He brings that special glowing light out of the shadows to HIGHLIGHT those parts you just pointed out. This painting is titled The Night Watch, and is one of Rembrandt’s famous masterpieces. In the year 1640, eighteen members of Captain Cocq’s militia company collected money to have their portraits painted. Since they wanted an excellent portrait, they decided to hire 3 REMBRANDT VAN RIJN – Ages 8 – 9 | MeetTheMasters Online Edition REMBRANDT VAN RIJN – AGES 8 – 9 | ONLINE EDITION the most popular portrait painter in Amsterdam. Who would that be? (REMBRANDT) They had seen his work on other group portraits, and they could tell exactly who each person in the picture was meant to be. Can you imagine how excited they were as they were going to Rembrandt’s studio to pose? Can you see the soldiers all getting their uniforms ready and polishing their boots? As soldiers they stood nice and straight and were patient as Rembrandt worked on their sketches. I’m sure they stood in nice, neat rows so Rembrandt could see them. When the painting was finished almost two years later, it was not at all what they expected! They had waited expectedly for two long years, and they were not happy about what they saw! Let’s see if we can discover why this painting surprised and even shocked these army men of Holland. • If you had paid the artist and posed for him many tiring hours, how would you feel if your face didn’t even show? Can you find someone in Rembrandt’s painting with an arm across his face? (MAN ON RIGHT) Good! • Remembering this is a company of army men, why would there be a little girl?! No one could understand why Rembrandt added sixteen imaginary figures to the COMPOSITION, and made many of them, like the little girl, more noticeable then the other men in the company who had paid Rembrandt.