Water Resources Development Activities in Turkey General Directorate of State Hydraulic Works (DSI) is a public institution founded in 1954 with the aim of promoting Ground and Surface Water Resources

History 1914: General Directorate of Public Works “Umur-u Nafıa Müdüriyet-i Umumiyesi” 1925: Waters General Directorate 1929: General Directorate of Water 1939: Water Works General Directorate 1954 : General Directorate of State Hydraulic Works DSİ Activities

Energy Agriculture

Services Flood Control

3 DSI General Directorate 2017 Budget (Million TL) Credit Total 1- CURRENT BUDGET 1 900 2- CAPITAL EXPENDITURE 534 10 700 A - Investment Budget 534 9 300 Agricultural Sector 6 500 Energy Sector 472 1 500 DKHS (Other Public Social Services)-Water Supply 62 1 300

B - Expropriation 1 400 3-CURRENT TRANSFERS 26 4—Rural Development 220 (Capital Transfer)

DSİ Total Budget 534 12 846

4/29 Main Laws Authorizing DSI

Law No. 6200 on DSİ’s Establishment: Enacted on 18th December 1953 Published on 25th December 1953 Put into effect on 28th Feb.1954 Law No. 167 on Groundwater: Enacted on 16th December 1960 Published on 23rd December 1960 Law No. 1053 on Domestic and Industrial Water Supply Enacted on 3rd July 1968 Published on 16th July 1968 Amended on 26th April 2007 Law No. 6172 on Water User Associations (WUOs): Put into effect on 22nd March 2011 Decree Law No.662 on Restructuring DSİ Enacted on: 11.10.2011 Published on: 2/11/ 2011 Organizational Structure of DSI

Director General

Internal Audit Department Board of Inspection Deputy Director Generals

Legal Advisory Foreign Relations Public Relations Water Bodies Office Secretariat Office Office Press Office Supervision Services

26 Regional 16 Departments Directorates Departments of DSI 1. Strategy Development Department 2. Investigation, Planning and Allocations 3. Design and Construction Department 4. Dams & HEPPs Department 5. Water Supply Department 6. Wastewater Department 7. Geotechnical Services & Groundwater 8. Machinery Manufacture and Supply 9. Technical Research and Quality Control 10. Operation and Maintenance Department 11. Real Estate and Expropriation Department 12. Land Consolidation and Land Improvement 13. Hydroelectric Energy Department 14. Technology Department 15. Personnel and Training Department 16. Support Services Department Regional Directorates of DSI

**DSI Ilısu Project 16th and DSI 26th Regional Directorates are temporary Regional Directorates DSİ Personnel Status

4% Technical 26% Personnel Other 59% Personnel Workers 11%

Personnel (Subject to law numbered 657) : 8,983 (%37) Technical Personnel : 6,220 (% 26) Other Personnel : 2,763 (% 11) Worker : 14,297 (%59)

Other (Contract Personnel (4/B) and IT Personnel ) : 1,000(%4) DSI Total Personnel : 24, 280 (%100)

Türkiye’nin Su Kaynakları Potansiyeli 25 Catchment Basins in Turkey

Turkey is divided into 25 hydrological basins.

12/63 Population Water potential per Year (Million) capita (m3 /year) 1990 57 1950 2000 68 1640 2018 80 1400 2023 100 1000 Turkey is a country under the water stress! Climate Change

Due to Climate Change especially in recent years Weather temperature increase, abnormalities can be seen in precipitation patterns.

14 Two Main Water Related Disasters

15/144 Precipitation fluctuates as per time and regions

The precipitation changes according to time and regions in Turkey which is located in a semi-arid part of the world.

2500 mm

250 mm Annual Precipitation fluctuates in years 574 mm 18/144 Drought Analysis in Turkey

Severe Drought in every 7 or 10 years in Turkey

19/144 Mitigation of Drought Hazards

Energy Agriculture Development Status of Facilities

As of 2017, 7.484 Units of facilities in operation,

 525 Dams,

 527 HEPPs,

 336 Small Dams,

 1.232 Irrigation Facilities ,

Flood Control  207 Watersupply Facilities, Services  17 Wastewater Facilities,

 4.640 Flood Control Facilities,

20 Mitigation of Drought Hazards

Groundwater Resources are in danger during drought years

Groundwater Reserve Allocation Relationship 21 Groundwater Wells for Irrigation

State Irrigation Farmer Irrigation 300000 Wells: 15,912 Wells : 454,000 274,000 wells

200000 180,000 wells

100000

0 Farmer Wells DSI Wells Farmer Wells without License With License (Estimation) Mitigation of Drought Hazards

DSI has limited groundwater licenses in certain regions Especially, large parts of; 1. Konya Closed Catchment, 2. Meriç – Ergene Catchment, 3. Akarçay Catchment, 4. Orontes Catchment, 5. Ceylanpınar-Kızıltepe Plains have been critical level as to groundwater potential. Henceforward, groundwater license applications are rejected by DSI. Interbasin Water Transfer Projects to mitigate drought disasters

24 Konya Watersupply Facility 100 million m3 Beyşehir Lake 240 million m3

Beyşehir Regulator Alibeyhüyüğü Treatment Plant İçeriçumra Çumra 60 million m3 Hotamış Storage

Mavi Regulator Ahi Canal

Derebucak Dam Suğla Storage 180 million m3 Blue Tunnel 110 million m3 414 million m3

Bağbaşı Dam

Hadimi Tunnel Konya Plain Bozkır Dam

Interbasin Projects Afşar Dam 26/144 Mitigation of Torrent Hazards

Sills, Nazilli

Damlamca Stream,ır ıÇank

Mitigation of Torrent Hazards

Traverse structures Check Dams Flood Detention dams Flood Retarding dams Silting weirs Cross Checks Dwaft Walls Sills

Samsun Province Centre Concrete Soil Saving Dam, Osmaniye-Karaçay Kürtün Stream Flood Detention Dam

Flood Prevention Facilities in Operation Unit Protected area (ha) Facilities (levee, check dam, etc.) 8,981 1,356,778 Dam 68 447,550 TOTAL 9,049 1,804,328 Traverse structures Intercepting systems

Gully stabilizing structures

Cross checks, Burdur-Gökçebağ Köyü-SarıDere Systematic Weirs, Kahramanmaraş-Türkoğlu-Kardere

Sluice Silting Weir, Güneysu Rize Check Dam (Weir with Counterweir), Isparta Sehirici Stream Stream Courses Measures Traverse structures Soil Saving dams Taking the erosion and sediment control measures in the basin is not possible, Horizontal structures built on the stream beds to store the sediment before reaching the downstream are called soil saving dams. The actual function of soil saving dams is preventive one. In addition they have a function of reclamation indirectly in given distance. Soil saving dams is built to store all of the debris carried from basin (sand, grave, stone, big rock, wood and so on).

Sluice silting weir, Rize, Güneysu Toprak Seddeli Tersip Bendi. Tekirdağ-Şarköy-Hoşköy Sluice silting is store only large material, between vertical or lateral line adjusted what kind of material is stored or passed Stream Courses Measures

Traverse structures Check dams The most effective structure used in stream reclamation is check dam.

Confused with soil saving dam, check dams main purpose is to prevent stream bed, bank erosion and control the land slide, where they are built and within a certain distance towards the up stream.

Check Dam (Weir with Counterweir), Sivas-Suşehri-Uludere Trabzon-Uzungöl-Haldizen Dere Etüd ve Plan Dairesi Başkanlığı Stream Courses Measures Traverse structures

Breton check dams

Outside the check dams built individual or systematic, also gradual check dams (breton check dam) are used in practice. To control huge land slide, consisting of bed and bank erosion, must be turn to the construction of breton check dams.

Muğla-Fethiye-Seydişehir-Bozluca dere Aydın-Buharkent-Çağlayan Stream Check Dams Etüd ve Plan Dairesi Başkanlığı Stream Courses Measures Traverse structures

Grade Stabilizing Structures This structures generally constructed to keep ancient sediment appropriate place and prevent stream bed and bank erosion in a natural stream with a large wide bed. Also they make safe run off.

Dwarf walls, Dogrudere, Isparta Senirkent Cross checks, Kurşunlu Stream Manisa, Salihli

If artificial stream don’t have sediment problem but having abrasion in theirs bed. Cross check is constructed to decrease the channel slope to prevent stream bed erosion.

Etüd ve Plan Dairesi Başkanlığı Lateral structures

Generally, longitudinally structures, increase the stream bed force, are built in down stream. These are;

 retaining wall  vegetable, stone , concrete and gabion pavement  stone filling,  picket bracing,  groyne and so on. River Improvement Structures Longitudinal Structures (K.MARAŞ) Adıyaman-Şincik –Bulam Stream Reclamation River Improvement Structures Lateral structures

36/144 Büyük Menderes River Ergene River Flood Control River bed sediment removing River bed material cleaning up

Ağrı-Murat River Flood Control Balıkesir Susurluk Hatap Bank Paving River Stone Revetment Works Being Done By Heavy Equipment Before Flood Edirne-Karagaç Flood Rize-Gündoğdu Flood

Hatay-Amik Plain Flood Samsun-2012 Flood Works Being Done By Heavy Equipment After Flood Domestic and Industrial Water Supply Domestic and Industrial Water Supply

Components of A Water Supply System

- Upstream (Source) (Catchment)

Water Source - Groundwater (well) Raw water conveyance line -Surface water - pressurized (pipe, tunnel) River (regulator) - Without pressurized( canal) Natural lake Storage facility (dam, small dam) - With gravity - Lift (pumping station, force main, forebay) Treatment / Chlorination facility DSİ is not responsible for this Stage

Clean Water Conveyance Line

City Cistern City Distribution Network Domestic and Industrial Water Supply

Watersupply need of Turkey by 2071 will be provided via Watersupply Action Plan prepared for 81 provinces Provinces whose drinking water projects developed by DSI

Settlements whose drinking water projects in operation by DSI Annually 3.88 Billion m³ domestic water via 207 facilities to 42 million people DSI Drinking Water Projects (Under Construction)

Provinces whose drinking water projects under construction by DSI Additional 1.96 Billion m³ domestic water to 23 million people with projects under construction in 57 projects Besides, additional 1.71 Billionm³ domestic water facilities in Project phase. ISTANBUL MELEN Water Supply Project (MELEN Dam)

Melen Dam: Roller Compacted Concrete

H:124 m (foundation) Storage: 693 million m3

Annual Watersupply: 1,077 million m3

Energy: 45 MW

As part of Melen Project, Asia and Europe continents have been connected via Bosporus Tunnel crossing 135 m below the sea surface.

44 ANKARA Water Supply Project having 31,592 m. which is the longest tunnel, will meet domestic water need of Ankara till 2045. 45 which is 31,592 m in length and 4.5 m in diameter.

Annual 226 million m3 water will be conveyed to Camlıdere dam. Thus, domestic water need of Ankara will be supplied by 2045. 46 Water Supply to Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus

Alaköprü Barajı (130 milyon m3)

Türkiye Tarafı İsale Hattı (23 000 m) Anamuryum Dengeleme Deposu (10 000 m3)

Deniz Geçişi İsale Hattı (80 165 m)

Güzelyalı Terfi Merkezi (hm= 101 m) Geçitköy Terfi Merkezi (hm= 234 m) Geçitköy Barajı (26,5 milyon m3) İçmesuyu Arıtma Tesisi (200 000 m3/gün)

KKTC Dağıtım Hatları (477 km)

Cyprus has very limited water resources. The right way to find a long term-solution of water shortage problem of the island has been accomplished by transferring water from Turkey to TRNC. Water has started to flow to Northern Cyprus on 17 October 2015

80 km under the water

Annual 75 million m3 is conveyed Northern Cyprus (37.24 million m3 for irrigation, 37.76 million m3 for watersupply)

80 Km

250 m

1.430 m

48 Domestic Water Supply are being provided for 1,000,000 Syrian Refugees guested by Turkey

49/29 Wastewater Treatment Facilities) Wastewater Treatment Facilities Accomplished by DSI

Wastewater Treatment Facility In Operation Collectors in Operation Province Location End Edirne Uzunköprü 1. Edirne Uzunköprü 1 Ergene Basin 2 Tekirdağ Malkara Ergene Basin 2. Kırklareli Merkez 3. Tekirdağ Çorlu 3 Kırklareli Lüleburgaz As part of IPA

4 Kırklareli Vize Ergene Basin 5 Kırklareli Merkez Ergene Basin 6 Kırklareli Babaeski Ergene Basin 7 Kırklareli Pınarhisar Ergene Basin 8 Tekirdağ Çorlu Ergene Basin 9 Edirne Keşan Ergene Basin 10 Tekirdağ Hayrabolu Ergene Basin 11 Tekirdağ Muratlı Ergene Basin 12 Tekirdağ Saray Ergene Basin 13 Tekirdağ Çerkezköy Ergene Basin

14 Trabzon Atasu Dam Galyan Basin) 15 Çankırı Uldurcek Dam Devrez Basin Waste Water Facilities

52/170 Waste Water Facilities Waste Water Facilities Population with Wastewater Treatment Plants Existing Situation in Turkey DSİ Waste Water Facilities

Water Consumption in Agriculture

Industry Water 14% Supply 14% Irrigation 72%

Water Consumed for Irrigation : 43 billion m3 (72 %)

Water Consumed as Drinking Water : 8 billion m3 (14 %)

Water Consumed for Industry : 8 billion m3 (14 %) 57 Water Resources for Irrigation

Small Dam 5% Lake 7%

Dam 53% River 16%

Groundwater 19% Irrigation Development

Turkey‘s Surface : 78 Million ha Arable Land : 28 Million ha

Economically Irrigable Land : 8,5 Million ha

Area equipped with irrigation facilities at present 6.5 Million ha 25%

Area to be irrigated by 2023 2 Million ha

59 Water Saving Measures

Water Saving Measures Water Saving Measures

Preloaded Electric Counter in Some Irrigation Schemes

Recently successful water saving applications with preloaded electric counter are becoming widespread as in he cases of Kayacık Irrigation and Gönen Irrigation.

Preloaded electric counters have been applied in Suruç lift irrigation,. Irrigation Types

Irrigation Types in Irrigations Developed by DSI Pumping Irrigation costly due to energy requirement

Gravity 67% Ground water Pumping 19% 14%

%19 Groundwater Resources %81 Surface Water Resources %2 Supplementary to Gravity %14 Pumped %67 Gravity %17 Groundwater by pump Afyonkarahisar-Emirdağ Yedikapı Konya Karaağa Small Dam Small Dam 1,0000 Small Dams Project Storage Irrigation Water Supply Cost Project Units Million m3 ha Million m3 (Million TL) 2012-2014 TOTAL 1,000 610 170,000 27 3,300

1,071 Small Dams Project Storage Irrigation Water Supply Cost Project Units Million m3 ha Million m3 (Million TL) 2016-2019 TOTAL 1,071 1,800 350,000 140 12,000 64 Irrigation Development under constuction

It will irrigate 235.000 ha, largest irrigation area following the Atatürk Dam

Concrete face Rockfill Dam

H (foundation):175 m

Installed Capacity:160 MW

Annual Energy Generation 681-88 GWh

Its costruction started on 04.05.2012. The accrual is %51%. Annual contribution to the national economy will be 1 billion TL

The Project will reimburse itself in 9 years. 65

With electricity Without electricity Turkey’s Dependency on Energy Fuels

Impact on Economy • Approximately 70-75% of Turkey’s energy need is met by imported fossil fuels, that is, oil, natural gas and coal.

• 98% of natural gas, • 92% of oil, & • 30% coal are imported

This amount corresponds to 22% of the total imports of our country

Turkey’s Energy Imports Installed Capacity of Energy Plants in Turkey

Installed Energy Source Capacity (MW) Hydraulic 28 200 (32%) Natural 26 300 Gas+LPG 46 820 Thermic Coal 18 670 (%54) Other 1 850 Wind 6 700 (%8) Geothermal 1 100 (1%) Solar 4 700 (%5) Total 87 520 (100%) HEPP potential is 180 billion kWh/year

In Operation 95 billion kWh/year

53%

38% 9%

On Development Under Construction 68 billion kWh/year 17 billion kWh/year

70 Energy Generation as per Resources (281 Billion kWh Electric Energy Consumption in 2017)

Thermic 70% Renewable 30% 120 101(35%) 96(34%)

90

55 (20%) 60 Billion kWh 30 25(9%) 2 (1%) 2 (1%)

0 Fueloil Coal Natural Gas Biomass Wind+ Solar Hydroelectric +Geothermal HEPP

Natural Gas

Coal

72 Type: Double Curvature Arch h (talweg): 247m Installed Capacity:670 MW Average Annual Generation: 2118GW Construction Date:1998 -2013 River &Location: Çoruh-Artvin Lake Volume &Area::2 Billion m3-26km2 Type: Double Curvature Concrete height: 270 m Installed Capacity: 558 MW Annual Average Generation: 1,888 GWh It will be 3rd highest dam in the World. The accrual is 63%. and HEPP will contribute annual 450 million TL to Turkish economy 74/29 YUSUFELI Dam and HEPP Resettlement ILISU Dam & HEPP under Construction

Concrete face Rockfill Dam The accrual is 99%. Height from foundation: 131 m Installed Capacity: 1,200 MW Average Annual Energy Generation: will be 4,120 GWh

Its annual contribution by energy generation to the national economy will be 1.3 billion TL by energy generation. 76 Zeynel Bey Tomb and Artuklu Bath building have been transported from the dam reservoir area to new Hasankeyf settlement area via the technology implemented first time in Turkey

77/29

Priorities; 1. Domestic Watersupply 2. Environmental Need 3. Agricultural Irrigation 4. Energy and Industrial Need HEPP uses water after the usage of 3 priorities

79/23 1 Incoming Water (Water Intake for Energy Generation

(Natural Course)

80/23 1 In order to propagate and restock dam reservoirs, total 24,800,800 fingerlings, 24,500 million of which is common carp, 300,000 of which is Tor grypus, 800 of which is sheafish are propagated and were realized in 102 dam lakes in every year.

81 Bafa Lake Conservation Projects

B. Menderes Nehri 3 SERÇİN Turnout Structure

1 Left Bank Levee

2 Rubber Regulator (Inflatable Regulator)

Bafa Lake inflatable Rubber Regulator Havran Dam Bat Saving Project Avlan Lake Restoration Works

Due to sinkholes and irrigation, the lake dried. Via Akçay creek, DSI now conveys excessive water of Çayboğazı dam, which is irrigation purposed dam. Regional Development Projects

DSI will complete following 11,051 facilities by 2019 via 10 Regional Development Projects;  1,889 dams and small dams,  2,412 irrigation facilities,  319 watersupply facilities,  5,855 river improvement facilities,  666 HEPP facilities,

Thanks to these projects;  33 million da will be irrigated,  20 billion TL agricultural income increase,  Watersupply will be provided to additional 31 million people,  3.5 million da will be protected against to flood hazards, and  67 billion kWh energy will be generated. Southeastern Anatolia Project GAP

TURKEY GAP

IRAQ SYRIA Southeastern Anatolian Project (GAP) Atatürk Dam and HEPP

is an

Integrated

Socio-Economic

Sustainable regional development project aiming to develop land, water, human resources: Southeastern Anatolia Project GAP Southeastern Anatolian Project (GAP)

GAP Projects 13 sub-projects; 7 of which took place in the basin and 6 of which in the basin.

Euphrates Watershed Tigris Watershed 1. Karakaya Project 1. Tigris-Kralkızı Project 2. Lower Part Euphrates Project 2. Batman Project 3. Border Euphrates Project 3. Silvan Project 4. Suruç Yaylak Project 4. Garzan Project 5. Adıyaman-Kahta Project 5. Ilısu Project 6. Adıyaman-Göksu-Araban Project 6. Cizre Project 7. Gaziantep Project Individual Projects Individual Projects

221 Km Mardin Ceylanpınar Main canals Southeastern Anatolia Project GAP

GAP Region, comprises 10% of Turkey’s surface area, 20% of Turkey’s agriculture potential, and 20% of Turkey’s Technical hydroelectric potential. Yukarı Harran Maincanal 91 Southeastern Anatolia Project GAP

GAP Dams on Euphrates Watershed Southeastern Anatolia Project GAP

GAP Dams on Tigris Watershed

Garzan Dam and HEPP 94/29 Works for Africa

. Bore Holes Works . Groundwater Investigations . Geotechnical Works . Geophysical Works . Training Activities Works

Transportation of the drilling Machine to Niger

23/29 Works for Africa

Countries that are worked on – Sudan AFRICA – Ethiopia – Djibouti – Niger – Burkina Faso – Somali – Somaliland – Mali – Mauritania Countries to be worked on – Senegal

– Guinea-Bissau Countries worked on – Guinea Conakry Countries to be – Gambia worked on – Ghana – Benin – Togo – Mali – Tanzania A total of 487 water wells were drilled and clean drinking water was provided to 2 Million people. Until today, DSI has engaged some dam projects in;

Montenegro Syria Armenia Mongolia

Bulgaria

Afghanistan Tunisia Iraq

Morocco Djibouti

Egypt

98 Constructing a dam on Ambouli Stream in Djibouti General Directorate of DSI has completed final Design of Oueah Pl 7 Dam aiming to protect capital Djibouti from flood hazards and provide domestic water. The type of the dam is Clayrore sand Gravel filldam, height of which from foundation is 71 m. The cost of the dam is about 11 Million Euro. General Directorate of DSI has completed preparation of special technical speciation and bidding contract of the dam, then submitted to Djibouti Ankara Embassy via Turkish Ministry of Forestry and Water Affairs. Djiboutian side evaluated tender offers on 21st February 2017 and declared the awarded company in writing. The company transported work machine to Djibouti.

99/29 Djibouti Ambouli Friendship Dam

Purpose : Flood Control

Location : Djibouti

River : Ambouli

600 km2 Drainage Area :

Clay Core Sand – Gravel Dam Type : Rock Fill Dam

Height from Foundation : 71 m

Height from River Bed : 38 m

Reservoir Volume (at NWL) : 14.37 hm3

Crest Width : 10 m

100 Turkey-Slovenia–Montenegro: 4 dams on Moraca River in Montenegro were determined in partnership with Turkey - Slovenia – Montenegro. The Memorandum of Understanding was signed with the participation of Ministers of the 2 countries as well as Turkish Ambassador on 26 October 2015.

Turkey-Makedonia: Bilateral cooperation between Turkey and Macedonia on dam, small dam, irrigation and water supply has been decided in June 2013. Planning and designing Works of 5 small dams have started following the field studies in March 2014.

Turkey- Iraq: As a result of meeting held on 15th May 2014 in Istanbul between Turkish and Iraqi delegations, it was decided that dam projects were anticipated on Hacıbey Stream and Küçük Zap Creek on the border of Turkey and Iraq. As per the decision, Hacıbey, Karadağ and Küçük Zap were defined at the first phase and their feasibility report has been prepared by Turkey.

101/2 9 DSİ (State Hydraulic Works)

102/6 3 103/6 3