Water Resources Development Activities in Turkey General Directorate of State Hydraulic Works (DSI) is a public institution founded in 1954 with the aim of promoting Ground and Surface Water Resources History 1914: General Directorate of Public Works “Umur-u Nafıa Müdüriyet-i Umumiyesi” 1925: Waters General Directorate 1929: General Directorate of Water 1939: Water Works General Directorate 1954 : General Directorate of State Hydraulic Works DSİ Activities Energy Agriculture Services Flood Control 3 DSI General Directorate 2017 Budget (Million TL) Credit Total 1- CURRENT BUDGET 1 900 2- CAPITAL EXPENDITURE 534 10 700 A - Investment Budget 534 9 300 Agricultural Sector 6 500 Energy Sector 472 1 500 DKHS (Other Public Social Services)-Water Supply 62 1 300 B - Expropriation 1 400 3-CURRENT TRANSFERS 26 4—Rural Development 220 (Capital Transfer) DSİ Total Budget 534 12 846 4/29 Main Laws Authorizing DSI Law No. 6200 on DSİ’s Establishment: Enacted on 18th December 1953 Published on 25th December 1953 Put into effect on 28th Feb.1954 Law No. 167 on Groundwater: Enacted on 16th December 1960 Published on 23rd December 1960 Law No. 1053 on Domestic and Industrial Water Supply Enacted on 3rd July 1968 Published on 16th July 1968 Amended on 26th April 2007 Law No. 6172 on Water User Associations (WUOs): Put into effect on 22nd March 2011 Decree Law No.662 on Restructuring DSİ Enacted on: 11.10.2011 Published on: 2/11/ 2011 Organizational Structure of DSI Director General Internal Audit Department Board of Inspection Deputy Director Generals Legal Advisory Foreign Relations Public Relations Water Bodies Office Secretariat Office Office Press Office Supervision Services 26 Regional 16 Departments Directorates Departments of DSI 1. Strategy Development Department 2. Investigation, Planning and Allocations 3. Design and Construction Department 4. Dams & HEPPs Department 5. Water Supply Department 6. Wastewater Department 7. Geotechnical Services & Groundwater 8. Machinery Manufacture and Supply 9. Technical Research and Quality Control 10. Operation and Maintenance Department 11. Real Estate and Expropriation Department 12. Land Consolidation and Land Improvement 13. Hydroelectric Energy Department 14. Technology Department 15. Personnel and Training Department 16. Support Services Department Regional Directorates of DSI **DSI Ilısu Project 16th and DSI 26th Regional Directorates are temporary Regional Directorates DSİ Personnel Status 4% Technical 26% Personnel Other 59% Personnel Workers 11% Personnel (Subject to law numbered 657) : 8,983 (%37) Technical Personnel : 6,220 (% 26) Other Personnel : 2,763 (% 11) Worker : 14,297 (%59) Other (Contract Personnel (4/B) and IT Personnel ) : 1,000(%4) DSI Total Personnel : 24, 280 (%100) Türkiye’nin Su Kaynakları Potansiyeli 25 Catchment Basins in Turkey Turkey is divided into 25 hydrological basins. 12/63 Population Water potential per Year (Million) capita (m3 /year) 1990 57 1950 2000 68 1640 2018 80 1400 2023 100 1000 Turkey is a country under the water stress! Climate Change Due to Climate Change especially in recent years Weather temperature increase, abnormalities can be seen in precipitation patterns. 14 Two Main Water Related Disasters 15/144 Precipitation fluctuates as per time and regions The precipitation changes according to time and regions in Turkey which is located in a semi-arid part of the world. 2500 mm 250 mm Annual Precipitation fluctuates in years 574 mm 18/144 Drought Analysis in Turkey Severe Drought in every 7 or 10 years in Turkey 19/144 Mitigation of Drought Hazards Energy Agriculture Development Status of Facilities As of 2017, 7.484 Units of facilities in operation, 525 Dams, 527 HEPPs, 336 Small Dams, 1.232 Irrigation Facilities , Flood Control 207 Watersupply Facilities, Services 17 Wastewater Facilities, 4.640 Flood Control Facilities, 20 Mitigation of Drought Hazards Groundwater Resources are in danger during drought years Groundwater Reserve Allocation Relationship 21 Groundwater Wells for Irrigation State Irrigation Farmer Irrigation 300000 Wells: 15,912 Wells : 454,000 274,000 wells 200000 180,000 wells 100000 0 Farmer Wells DSI Wells Farmer Wells without License With License (Estimation) Mitigation of Drought Hazards DSI has limited groundwater licenses in certain regions Especially, large parts of; 1. Konya Closed Catchment, 2. Meriç – Ergene Catchment, 3. Akarçay Catchment, 4. Orontes Catchment, 5. Ceylanpınar-Kızıltepe Plains have been critical level as to groundwater potential. Henceforward, groundwater license applications are rejected by DSI. Interbasin Water Transfer Projects to mitigate drought disasters 24 Konya Watersupply Facility 100 million m3 Beyşehir Lake 240 million m3 Beyşehir Regulator Alibeyhüyüğü Treatment Plant İçeriçumra Çumra Apa Dam 60 million m3 Hotamış Storage Mavi Regulator Ahi Canal Derebucak Dam Suğla Storage 180 million m3 Blue Tunnel 110 million m3 414 million m3 Bağbaşı Dam Hadimi Tunnel Konya Plain Bozkır Dam Interbasin Projects Afşar Dam 26/144 Mitigation of Torrent Hazards Sills, Nazilli Damlamca Stream, Çankırı Mitigation of Torrent Hazards Traverse structures Check Dams Flood Detention dams Flood Retarding dams Silting weirs Cross Checks Dwaft Walls Sills Samsun Province Centre Concrete Soil Saving Dam, Osmaniye-Karaçay Kürtün Stream Flood Detention Dam Flood Prevention Facilities in Operation Unit Protected area (ha) Facilities (levee, check dam, etc.) 8,981 1,356,778 Dam 68 447,550 TOTAL 9,049 1,804,328 Traverse structures Intercepting systems Gully stabilizing structures Cross checks, Burdur-Gökçebağ Köyü-SarıDere Systematic Weirs, Kahramanmaraş-Türkoğlu-Kardere Sluice Silting Weir, Güneysu Rize Check Dam (Weir with Counterweir), Isparta Sehirici Stream Stream Courses Measures Traverse structures Soil Saving dams Taking the erosion and sediment control measures in the basin is not possible, Horizontal structures built on the stream beds to store the sediment before reaching the downstream are called soil saving dams. The actual function of soil saving dams is preventive one. In addition they have a function of reclamation indirectly in given distance. Soil saving dams is built to store all of the debris carried from basin (sand, grave, stone, big rock, wood and so on). Sluice silting weir, Rize, Güneysu Toprak Seddeli Tersip Bendi. Tekirdağ-Şarköy-Hoşköy Sluice silting is store only large material, between vertical or lateral line adjusted what kind of material is stored or passed Stream Courses Measures Traverse structures Check dams The most effective structure used in stream reclamation is check dam. Confused with soil saving dam, check dams main purpose is to prevent stream bed, bank erosion and control the land slide, where they are built and within a certain distance towards the up stream. Check Dam (Weir with Counterweir), Sivas-Suşehri-Uludere Trabzon-Uzungöl-Haldizen Dere Etüd ve Plan Dairesi Başkanlığı Stream Courses Measures Traverse structures Breton check dams Outside the check dams built individual or systematic, also gradual check dams (breton check dam) are used in practice. To control huge land slide, consisting of bed and bank erosion, must be turn to the construction of breton check dams. Muğla-Fethiye-Seydişehir-Bozluca dere Aydın-Buharkent-Çağlayan Stream Check Dams Etüd ve Plan Dairesi Başkanlığı Stream Courses Measures Traverse structures Grade Stabilizing Structures This structures generally constructed to keep ancient sediment appropriate place and prevent stream bed and bank erosion in a natural stream with a large wide bed. Also they make safe run off. Dwarf walls, Dogrudere, Isparta Senirkent Cross checks, Kurşunlu Stream Manisa, Salihli If artificial stream don’t have sediment problem but having abrasion in theirs bed. Cross check is constructed to decrease the channel slope to prevent stream bed erosion. Etüd ve Plan Dairesi Başkanlığı Lateral structures Generally, longitudinally structures, increase the stream bed force, are built in down stream. These are; retaining wall vegetable, stone , concrete and gabion pavement stone filling, picket bracing, groyne and so on. River Improvement Structures Longitudinal Structures (K.MARAŞ) Adıyaman-Şincik –Bulam Stream Reclamation River Improvement Structures Lateral structures 36/144 Büyük Menderes River Ergene River Flood Control River bed sediment removing River bed material cleaning up Ağrı-Murat River Flood Control Balıkesir Susurluk Hatap Bank Paving River Stone Revetment Works Being Done By Heavy Equipment Before Flood Edirne-Karagaç Flood Rize-Gündoğdu Flood Hatay-Amik Plain Flood Samsun-2012 Flood Works Being Done By Heavy Equipment After Flood Domestic and Industrial Water Supply Domestic and Industrial Water Supply Components of A Water Supply System - Upstream (Source) (Catchment) Water Source - Groundwater (well) Raw water conveyance line -Surface water - pressurized (pipe, tunnel) River (regulator) Natural lake - Without pressurized( canal) Storage facility (dam, small dam) - With gravity - Lift (pumping station, force main, forebay) Treatment / Chlorination facility DSİ is not responsible for this Stage Clean Water Conveyance Line City Cistern City Distribution Network Domestic and Industrial Water Supply Watersupply need of Turkey by 2071 will be provided via Watersupply Action Plan prepared for 81 provinces Provinces whose drinking water projects developed by DSI Settlements whose drinking water projects in operation by DSI Annually 3.88 Billion m³ domestic water via 207 facilities to 42 million people DSI Drinking