DOCSLIB.ORG

(GAP) of Turkey

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
(GAP) of Turkey A Service of Leibniz-Informationszentrum econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible. zbw for Economics Kankal, Murat; Nacar, Sinan; Uzlu, Ergun Article Status of hydropower and water resources in the Southeastern Anatolia Project (GAP) of Turkey Energy Reports Provided in Cooperation with: Elsevier Suggested Citation: Kankal, Murat; Nacar, Sinan; Uzlu, Ergun (2016) : Status of hydropower and water resources in the Southeastern Anatolia Project (GAP) of Turkey, Energy Reports, ISSN 2352-4847, Elsevier, Amsterdam, Vol. 2, pp. 123-128, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2016.05.003 This Version is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10419/187851 Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. personal and scholarly purposes. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle You are not to copy documents for public or commercial Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, If the documents have been made available under an Open gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort Content Licence (especially Creative Commons Licences), you genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. may exercise further usage rights as specified in the indicated licence. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ www.econstor.eu Energy Reports 2 (2016) 123–128 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Energy Reports journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/egyr Status of hydropower and water resources in the Southeastern Anatolia Project (GAP) of Turkey Murat Kankal ∗, Sinan Nacar, Ergun Uzlu Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey article info a b s t r a c t Article history: This study focuses on the water resources development of the Southeastern Anatolia Project (GAP) in Received 3 February 2016 Turkey. The Euphrates and Tigris Rivers, located in the GAP, have the largest flow volume of 16.9% and Received in revised form 11.4% of Turkey's average annually runoff (186 billion m3), respectively. While the Euphrates represents 8 May 2016 over 19.4% of the national gross hydropower potential (433 GWh/year), the Tigris correspond to 11.2% of Accepted 12 May 2016 this potential. 20,523 GWh/year of hydropower potential in the GAP is in operation. When all projects of Available online 1 June 2016 the GAP in planning are completed, the total hydropower potential reaches a level of 27,419 GWh/year. This value corresponds to 10.9% of the annual electric energy production of Turkey in 2014 (251.96 GWh). Keywords: Euphrates–Tigris Basin There is also irrigable land of 1.06 million ha in the GAP, and now roughly 33.7%, 357,241 ha, of which Hydropower have been irrigated. Irrigation ' 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. Southern Anatolia Project This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). 1. Introduction energy resources (coal, petroleum and natural gas) on one hand results in serious environmental pollution problems, and on the Even though water being a renewable natural resource is other hand faces with the danger of exhaustion. In order to have regarded among the non-consumable natural resources on a global a sustainable development in Turkey, it must be enhanced the scale, it is consumable resource on a local scale in terms of being efficiency of the conventional energy generation and increased the usable. Water constitutes approximately one-eight hundredth of proportion of renewable energy sources in the total energy budget the Earth's weight and covers 71% of the Earth's surface, however, (Akpinar et al., 2008). the usable amount of fresh water being vital for human and The demand for energy and particularly for electricity is grow- plant life is very limited. Moreover, distribution of fresh water ing rapidly in Turkey in parallel to the social and economic devel- resources is also not well-balanced depending upon geographical opment of the country. The main indigenous energy resources are and climatological conditions. Fresh water resources have could limited to hydro, mainly in the eastern part of the country, and lig- not meet the demand for the water as a result of the rapid increase nite to a great extent as there are no big oil and gas reserves in in the world population in company with the rapid increase in Turkey. All of crude oil, natural gas and high quality coal have been demand for the water as well as excessive pollution. Together with almost imported. It has a large potential for renewable energies the regional variability and quality differences related to the fresh (Yuksek et al., 2006). Turkey's energy demand is met through ther- water resources in addition to all these, transnational and inland mal power plant consuming coal, gas, fuel oil and geothermal en- problems have seriously arisen as regards to the usage of this vital ergy, wind energy and hydropower. Because Turkey does not own resource (Sen et al., 2002). any nuclear power plant yet, the installation of first nuclear power The effects on global and environmental air quality of pollutants plant with a capacity of 1000 MW is on the schedule as a plan of released into the atmosphere from fossil fuels in power plants the near future (Yuksel, 2015). provide strong arguments for the development of renewable The Euphrates and Tigris, located in the GAP, are the two energy resources. Clean, domestic and renewable energy is principal branches of the transboundary river basin, joining each commonly accepted as the key for future life, not only for Turkey other 70 km north of Bassorah in Iraq, to form the Shatt-al-arab, but also for the world. The consumption of conventional fossil and discharging 100 km thereafter into the Gulf. The total water potential of the Euphrates subbasin is 37 km3=y; Turkey provides 32 km3=y, i.e., about 85% of this potential from less than 30% of ∗ Corresponding author. Tel.: +90 462 377 2632; fax: +90 462 377 2606. the total drainage area. The total water potential of the Tigris 3 3 E-mail addresses: [email protected], [email protected] (M. Kankal). subbasin is 57 km =y; Turkey provides 24 km =y, i.e., about 40% http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2016.05.003 2352-4847/' 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4. 0/). 124 M. Kankal et al. / Energy Reports 2 (2016) 123–128 of this potential from less than 25% of the total drainage area. objectives. It was thus understood that construction of energy Hence, Turkey provides about 60% of the total water potential of and irrigation infrastructure, past and future, would contribute to Euphrates–Tigris basin from 25% of the entire drainage area Water economic growth, social development and environmental change. scarcity in the Middle-East in general, water allocation claims All these changes would, in turn, have discernible impacts on of the riparian states in particular, enhanced by international different parts of the region and would need to be managed with geopolitical and energy issues from states and organizations a view to achieving the sustainability of the GAP Project and outside the region, make the Euphrates–Tigris basin one of the improving the quality of life for the local population (Altinbilek and foremost conflict focus of the world (Öziş and Özdemir, 2009). Tortajada, 2012). The number of the multinational river basins being transbound- ary and/or boundary on the Earth is over 200, and these basins 3.1. Historical development of the GAP comprise almost 50% of the Earth's land. Serious problems can be arisen among the countries as for benefiting from these waters (Sen The investigations commenced in the Euphrates River in 1936 et al., 2002). Ever-increasing demand for the water in addition to by directives of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, the founder of Turkish the differences related to regional and climatological conditions in Republic. Keban and Kemaliye flow monitoring stations on the the water variability have raised the importance of transboundary Euphrates River and Diyarbakır flow monitoring station on the waters further. Tigris River were established in 1935 and 1936, respectively, The aim of the current study is to evaluate the historical by the EİE, General Directorate of Electrical Power Resources development of the project, the water resources and hydropower Survey and Development Administration, founded in 1935 and status of the Southeastern Anatolia Project (GAP). The importance flow monitoring data was began to collect for making use of in the of water and development is presented in Section2. In Section3, coming years. As result of crash survey studies together with the the development of water resources in the GAP is analyzed and foundation of the General Directorate State Hydraulics Works in finally, the conclusions are presented in Section4. 1954, ``Basin Preliminary Survey Reports'' involving whole basin were prepared as from major basins. 2. Water and development Keban Dam, founded in 1966 and put into service in 1974, was one of the most important plants by generating hydroelectric Today, around 3800 km3 of fresh water is withdrawn annually energy of 6 TWh/yr with an installed capacity of 1330 MW. The from the world's lakes, rivers and aquifers.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Possible Effects of Irrigation Schemes and Irrigation Methods on Water Budget and Economy in Atatürk Dam of South-Eastern Anatolia Region of Turkey
    The possible effects of irrigation schemes and irrigation methods on water budget and economy in Atatürk dam of south-eastern Anatolia region of Turkey Huseyin Demir1, Ahmet Zahir Erkan2, Nesrin Baysan2, Gonca Karaca Bilgen2 1 GAP Şanlıurfa Tünel Çıkış Ağzı 2 GAP Cankaya, Ankara, Turkey Abstract. The South-eastern Anatolia Project (GAP) has been implemented in the southeast part of Turkey, covering 9 provinces and the two most important rivers of Turkey. The main purpose of this gorgeous project is to uplift the income level and living standards of people in the region, to remove the inter-regional development disparities and to contribute to the national goals of economic development and social stability. The cost of the project is 32 billion USD consisting of 13 sub-projects in the river basins of Euphrates and Tigris. The project has evolved over time and has become multi sectoral, integrated and human based on the sustainable regional development. Upon the fully completion of the project, 1.8 Million hectares of land will be able to be irrigated in Euphrates and Tigris Basins through surface and underground water resources. From 1995 until now, 273.000 ha. of land have already been irrigated within the GAP Project. Roughly 739,000 ha. of this land will be irrigated from Atatürk Dam, the largest dam of GAP Project. At present, nearly ¼ of this area is under irrigation. Some technological developments have been experienced in the Project area, ranging from upstream controlled schemes having trapezoidal section, lined or unlined, to upstream controlled schemes having high pressurized piped system; and from conventional methods to drip irrigation method.
    [Show full text]
  • Submerging Cultural Heritage. Dams and Archaeology in South-Eastern Turkey by Nicolò Marchetti & Federico Zaina
    Fig. 1. View of Zeugma with the Birecik dam reservoir in the background. Photo: Pressaris. SUBMERGING CULTURAL HERITAGE. DAMS AND ARCHAEOLOGY IN SOUTH-EASTERN TURKEY BY NICOLÒ MARCHETTI & FEDERICO ZAINA ince the 1960s, economic development strategies pro- as development in fishery and water-related industry. All S moted by Middle Eastern governments have fostered these factors concur to a generally increased income as the construction of large-scale hydraulic infrastructure, often stressed by both private and public authorities. including dams, with the aim of providing short- and medium-term benefits in previously low productive However, the benefits brought by dams are not forever. regions. However, the massive modifications occurring Similar to other human-made structures, such as roads to the riverbeds and surrounding areas involved deeply and bridges, dams require regular and expensive main- affected the natural and cultural landscape of vast regions. tenance and have a finite lifespan. A mean life of 50–120 Combining open-access satellite imagery and archaeologi- years is generally expected for modern dams and water cal data it is now possible to show the immediate impact of reservoirs. In addition, the construction and up-filling dams on the cultural heritage along the Turkish stretch of of dams include the dislocation of thousands of people, the Euphrates river. potential international political issues when built on rivers flowing through different countries, permanent degrada- FLOODED HERITAGE tion of soil fertility and the widespread
    [Show full text]
  • A Taxonomic Study on Zooplankton Fauna of Kiğı Dam Lake (Bingöl-Turkey)
    Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Eğirdir Su Ürünleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 14(2),74-79 (2018) A Taxonomic Study on Zooplankton Fauna of Kiğı Dam Lake (Bingöl-Turkey) Hilal BULUT Fırat University, Faculty of Fisheries, Elazığ, Turkey Geliş : 18.07.2017 Kabul : 10.10.2017 Araştırma Makalesi / Research Paper Sorumlu Yazar: [email protected] E-Dergi ISSN: 1308-7517 Abstract The present study was conducted to determine zooplankton fauna of Kiğı Dam Lake during September 2012 and August 2013 seasonally. The zooplankton samples were collected by using plankton net with the mesh size of 55µm horizontally and preserved in 4% formaldehyde. Total 22 taxa (16 Rotifera, 4 Cladocera, and 2 Copepoda) were identified in Kiğı Dam Lake. Ascomorpha saltans, Asplanchna priodonta, Brachionus angularis, Cephalodella gibba, Euchlanis dilatata, Kellicottia longispina, Keratella cochlearis, Keratella quadrata, Lecane luna, Lecane lunaris, Notholca squamula, Polyarthra dolichoptera, Rotaria rotatoria, Synchaeta pectinata, Synchaeta oblonga, Trichocerca capucina from Rotifera species; Bosmina longirostris, Chydorus sphaericus, Daphnia cucullata, Daphnia longispina from Cladocera species; Acanthodiaptomus denticornis, Cyclops vicinus from Copepoda species are new records for this dam lake. Zooplankton samples were consisted of 72.7% Rotifera, 18.2% Cladocera, and 9.1% Copepoda. Keywords: Kiğı Dam Lake, species distribution, zooplankton. Kığı Baraj Gölü (Bingöl-Türkiye)'nün Zooplankton Faunası Üzerine Taksonomik Bir Çalişma Özet Kığı Baraj Gölü’nün zooplankton faunasını
    [Show full text]
  • Southeast Anatolia Project (Gap) Regional Development Administration Coverage
    SOUTHEAST ANATOLIA PROJECT (GAP) REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION COVERAGE • SOUTHEAST ANATOLIA PROJECT(GAP) • GAP ACTON PLAN (2008-2012) • GAP ACTON PLAN (2014-2018) • GAP REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION (GAP RDA) • INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITIES • COMPETITIVE AGENDA GAP REGION TURKEY – GAP COMPARISION TURKEY GAP GAP/TR (%) Total Area (km2) 779 452 75 193 9.7 Population (milyon)* 77.69 8.25 10.6 Annual Population Growth Rate 13.31 18.88 (thousand)(2013-2014) * 2014 Results of Address Based Population Registration System LAND POTENTIAL TOTAL AREA GAP REGION OTHER 9.7 % 90.3 % ECONOMICALLY IRRIGABLE AREA GAP REGION 20.0 % OTHER 80.0 % TURKEY’S WATER POTANTIAL BY BASIN Euphrates-Tigris 28 72 Other EUPHRATES OTHER 17% 47% TIGRIS 11% EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN WESTERN ANTALYA EASTERN 6% BLACK SEA 6% BLACK SEA 5% 8% DEVELOPMENT STAGES of GAP •1936 Establishment of Electrical Power Resources Survey and Development Administration •1960 The studies on Euphrates and Tigris rivers •1977 Bringing together all studies under GAP (GAP Water based Development Project Package) • 1986 State Planning Organization (SPO) as coordinating body for the integrated regional development project of GAP • 1989 GAP Master Plan • 1989 Establishment of the GAP Regional Development Administration • 2002 GAP Regional Development Plan (2002-2010) • 2008 GAP Action Plan (2008-2012) • 2014 GAP Action Plan (2014-2018) GAP WATER and SOIL RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME EUPHRATES TIGRIS Karakaya Dam/HPP Dicle - Kralkızı Aşağı Fırat Batman Sınır Fırat Batman - Silvan Suruc – Baziki Garzan Adıyaman – Kahta Ilısu Adıyaman–Göksu–Araban Cizre Gaziantep Total water potential of Turkey :186 billion m³. 32 billion m³ from Euphrates and 21 billion m³ from Tigris, GAP Region 53 billion m³.
    [Show full text]
  • Optimisation of the Tigris River Hydropower System Operations
    OPTIMISATION OF THE TIGRIS RIVER HYDROPOWER SYSTEM OPERATIONS A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF NATURAL AND APPLIED SCIENCES OF MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY BY EMRAH YALÇIN IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN CIVIL ENGINEERING MAY 2015 Approval of the thesis: OPTIMISATION OF THE TIGRIS RIVER HYDROPOWER SYSTEM OPERATIONS submitted by EMRAH YALÇIN in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Civil Engineering Department, Middle East Technical University by, Prof. Dr. Gülbin Dural Ünver Dean, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences Prof. Dr. Ahmet Cevdet Yalçıner Head of Department, Civil Engineering Assoc. Prof. Dr. Şahnaz Tiğrek Supervisor, Civil Engineering Dept., Batman University Examining Committee Members: Prof. Dr. A. Melih Yanmaz Civil Engineering Dept., METU Assoc. Prof. Dr. Şahnaz Tiğrek Civil Engineering Dept., Batman University Assoc. Prof. Dr. Elçin Kentel Civil Engineering Dept., METU Asst. Prof. Dr. Önder Koçyiğit Civil Engineering Dept., Gazi University Asst. Prof. Dr. Aslı Numanoğlu Genç Civil Engineering Dept., Atılım University Date: 22.05.2015 I hereby declare that all information in this document has been obtained and presented in accordance with academic rules and ethical conduct. I also declare that, as required by these rules and conduct, I have fully cited and referenced all material and results that are not original to this work. Name, Last name : Emrah Yalçın Signature : iv ABSTRACT OPTIMISATION OF THE TIGRIS RIVER HYDROPOWER SYSTEM OPERATIONS Yalçın, Emrah Ph.D., Department of Civil Engineering Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Şahnaz Tiğrek May 2015, 146 pages Growing external energy dependence and rising oil prices are encouraging Turkey to turn to renewable energy, especially hydropower.
    [Show full text]
  • Mr. Mustafa Kemal Koseoglu
    Water Resources Development Activities in Turkey General Directorate of State Hydraulic Works (DSI) is a public institution founded in 1954 with the aim of promoting Ground and Surface Water Resources History 1914: General Directorate of Public Works “Umur-u Nafıa Müdüriyet-i Umumiyesi” 1925: Waters General Directorate 1929: General Directorate of Water 1939: Water Works General Directorate 1954 : General Directorate of State Hydraulic Works DSİ Activities Energy Agriculture Services Flood Control 3 DSI General Directorate 2017 Budget (Million TL) Credit Total 1- CURRENT BUDGET 1 900 2- CAPITAL EXPENDITURE 534 10 700 A - Investment Budget 534 9 300 Agricultural Sector 6 500 Energy Sector 472 1 500 DKHS (Other Public Social Services)-Water Supply 62 1 300 B - Expropriation 1 400 3-CURRENT TRANSFERS 26 4—Rural Development 220 (Capital Transfer) DSİ Total Budget 534 12 846 4/29 Main Laws Authorizing DSI Law No. 6200 on DSİ’s Establishment: Enacted on 18th December 1953 Published on 25th December 1953 Put into effect on 28th Feb.1954 Law No. 167 on Groundwater: Enacted on 16th December 1960 Published on 23rd December 1960 Law No. 1053 on Domestic and Industrial Water Supply Enacted on 3rd July 1968 Published on 16th July 1968 Amended on 26th April 2007 Law No. 6172 on Water User Associations (WUOs): Put into effect on 22nd March 2011 Decree Law No.662 on Restructuring DSİ Enacted on: 11.10.2011 Published on: 2/11/ 2011 Organizational Structure of DSI Director General Internal Audit Department Board of Inspection Deputy Director Generals Legal Advisory Foreign Relations Public Relations Water Bodies Office Secretariat Office Office Press Office Supervision Services 26 Regional 16 Departments Directorates Departments of DSI 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Profile: Tigris/Euphrates River Basins
    va®aea wi air- tf< ti +f' 1> t } r Profile: Tigris/Euphrates River Basins it III 4 M .1 I J CEWRC-IWR-P 29 May 91 Tigris-Euphrates Basin Summary *Projects in Turkey, Syria, and Iraq are expected to greatly reduce both Euphrates and Tigris stream flows and reduce water quality *Already Syria claims Tabqa Damhydropowerplants are operating at only 10%capacitybecause ofAtaturk filling *Estimates of depletion vary; one estimate is for approx. 50 % depletion of Euphrates flowsby Turkey and almost a 30 % depletionby Syria(given completionofTurkey's Gap project and projected Syrian withdrawals); the most likely date for completion of all projects (if at all) is 2040; in the 1960s, Iraq withdrew an average of about 50 % of Euphrates flows *One estimate of projected Euphrates depletions for the year 2000 is 20 % each by Turkey and Syria *Syria and Iraq may be especially affected by reduced flow during low flow years *Of more immediate concern than possible long-term reduction in flow quantity is increased pollution of inflows to Lake Assad on the Euphrates (main water supply source for Aleppo) and to the Khabur River (both in Syria) owing to irrigation return flows; both areas plan for greater use of those waters *Quality of Euphrates flows into Iraq will also beaffected *Iraq has constructed Tigris-Euphrates Outfall Drain to drain irrigation water into Shatt al-Basra and Gulf *Most water withdrawals within the basin are forirrigation;Turkey,Syria,and Iraq all are attempting to expand irrigation programs *Recent projected demands for water withdrawals for Iraq were not available for this study.
    [Show full text]
  • The Methods Used in Monitoring of Large Dams in Turkey
    ©2020 Published in 8th International Symposium on Innovative Technologies in Engineering and Science 23-25 October 2020 (ISITES2020 Bursa - Turkey) https://doi.org/10.33793/acperpro.03.01.51 The Methods Used in Monitoring of Large Dams in Turkey Haluk BALI1*, Salih ALCAY2 1 The General Directorate of State Hydraulic Works, 5. Regional Directorate, 56. Division Office, Kırıkkale, Turkey, 2 Necmettin Erbakan University, Engineering and Achitecture Faculty, Geomatics Engineering Department, Konya, Turkey. Abstract Turkey is a very rich country in terms of water resources. However, in order to use these resources efficiently, water must be stored safely. In this context, the best form of storage is the construction of dams. In our country, large dams, which are among the world's important dams, are being built. Although there are many advantages of large dams, the loss of life and property will be so great in case of a possible deformation or destruction. The fact that dams are under the influence of various forces, as well as being located in the earthquake zone of our country, necessitates continuous monitoring of our dams. Dams are generally monitored using geodetic methods and geotechnical devices. However, mostly details of these two methods are evaluated separately in dam monitoring. Evaluating the results of both methods together is very important for the comprehensive monitoring of the dam and the correct interpretation of possible deformations. In this study, large dams in our country and monitoring studies carried out by using geodetic and geotechnical methods in these dams are given in detail. Key words: Dam, Deformation Monitoring, Geodetic, Geotechnical 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Euphrates-Tigris Rivers System: Political Rapprochement and Transboundary Water Cooperation
    Euphrates-Tigris Rivers System: Political Rapprochement and Transboundary Water Cooperation Aysegul Kibaroglu and Waltina Scheumann 1 Introduction Water-related development projects on the Euphrates and Tigris rivers have been highly contested over the last four decades and have caused relations between the riparian states, i.e. Turkey, Syria and Iraq, to become highly strained and serious crises occurred. All co-riparian states are unilaterally strengthening their efforts to develop water resources to increase their hydropower potential, and to extend their irrigated agricultural areas. These activities pose the main threat to their mutual relations, and to date, the riparians have failed to achieve a common agreement. Since major non-water issues are now solved, or are at least approached, in a more pragmatic manner, the prospects for joint initiatives have improved. Figure 1 shows a map of the two rivers, their main tributaries and selected dams. Table 1 and Table 2 provide an overview of the context for cooperation on both rivers. 2 The Euphrates and Tigris rivers system1: geographical and hydrological setting2 The Euphrates and its tributaries drain an enormous basin of 444,000 square kilometers of which 33 percent lies in Turkey, 19 percent in Syria, and 46 percent in Iraq. On the other hand, the Tigris and its tributaries drain an area of 387,600 1Internationally, ‘Euphrates’ and ‘Tigris’ are the names used. In Turkish, the Euphrates is called Firat, and Al-Furat in Arabic. Tigris is named Dicle in Turkish, and Dijla in Arabic. 2This section draws from Kibaroglu 2002a. A. Kibaroglu (*) International Relations Department, Okan University, Istanbul, Turkey e-mail: [email protected] W.
    [Show full text]
  • A Study on Zooplankton Fauna and Some Water Quality Parameters of Kozan Dam Lake (Adana, Turkey)
    LIMNOFISH-Journal of Limnology and Freshwater Fisheries Research 5(3): 147-158 (2019) A Study on Zooplankton Fauna and Some Water Quality Parameters of Kozan Dam Lake (Adana, Turkey) Cem TUGYAN , Ahmet BOZKURT* Faculty of Marine Sciences and Technology, İskenderun Technical University, İskenderun, Hatay, Turkey ABSTRACT ARTICLE INFO Some water quality parameters (Secchi disk depth, water temperature, dissolved RESEARCH ARTICLE oxygen, pH, conductivity, chlorophyll a, NO2-N, NO3-N, NH4-N, PO4-P) and zooplankton fauna were determined in the Kozan Dam Lake. While the quality of Received : 11.03.2019 the reservoir water was first class water in terms of temperature, dissolved Revised : 27.05.2019 oxygen, NH4-N, PO4-P, it was second-class water in terms of conductivity, pH, Accepted : 28.05.2019 NO3-N. In total, 50 zooplankton species belonging to 26 families were determined (29 species belonging to 17 families from Rotifera, 15 species belonging to Published : 25.12.2019 7 families from Cladocera and 6 species belonging to 2 families from Copepoda). Brachionidae (Rotifera) was the most species rich family with 7 species, followed DOI:10.17216/LimnoFish.538344 by Chydoridae (Cladocera) and Cyclopidae (Copepoda) with 6 and 5 species respectively. The most dominant species were Synchaeta pectinata (38.33%) * CORRESPONDING AUTHOR from Rotifera, Bosmina longirostris (5.71%) from Cladocera and Cyclops vicinus [email protected] (0.67%) from Copepoda. At the same time, the species found in every month were Phone : +90 326 614 16 93 (3405) Asplanchna priodonta, Polyarthra dolichoptera, Bosmina longirostris, Ceriodaphnia pulchella, Cyclops vicinus and Diacyclops bicuspidatus. In the study, Rotifera was the most abundant group with 67%, followed by Cladocera with 29% and Copepoda with 4%.
    [Show full text]
  • Uptime M E Gazine
    e uptime m 1• 11 gazine Hydro: Magnetic flux • A06 module • Field news Case study / Magnetic flux • Turbo-machinery diagnostics Turbo-machinery e uptime m 1• 11 gazine # 1/06 3 Technical News Effective Hydropower Monitoring Demands Magnetic Flux Monitoring of Hydro Generators oday’s global installed hydro- In this issue we also present the new 7 Product Update – Dedicated power capacity of approximately SM-610-A06 hydro monitoring mod- Hydro Monitoring Hardware T 780 GW, represents approximately ule to the VC-6000 data acquisition 8 Field News – Hydro Monitor- 20% of the world’s electricity or about system. The introduction of the SM- ing Projects in Southwestern 88% of electricity from all renewable A06 simplifies vibration monitoring of China sources. Despite rapid development medium sized units for both safety 9 Case Study – Early detection from other renewable energy sources and condition monitoring applications of a compressor impeller crack such as wind, biomass and solar, using Compass 6000. In most cases 14 Field News – Hydro Monitor- hydropower capacity has grown in a single module is sufficient for moni- ing Projects in Turkey leaps and bounds over the years and toring an entire hydro unit! 15 Case Study – VC-1500 is still growing. Only 25% of the po- Selected for monitoring small tential capacity has been realized up Visit our web site for more informa- hydroelectric generating units to now! In this powerful sector of the tion on our hydro monitoring tech- in Norway energy market, what does this mean niques, applications and products. 20 Events 2011/12 in terms of hydro machine operation In addition to the hydro theme for this and maintenance? A lot; machine issue of Uptime, there is also a spe- uptime is more important now than cial feature section on turbo-ma- ever before! chinery diagnostics.
    [Show full text]
  • Impact of Ataturk Dam on Regional Rainfall
    IMPACT OF ATATURK DAM ON REGIONAL RAINFALL A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF APPLIED SCIENCES OF NEAR EAST UNIVERSITY By AIMABLE KAYITAKIRE In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Civil Engineering NICOSIA, 2016 Aimable KAYITAKIRE: IMPACT OF ATATURK DAM ON REGIONAL RAINFALL Approval of Director of Graduate School of Applied Sciences Prof. Dr. İlkay SALİHOĞLU We certify this thesis is satisfactory for the award of the degree of Masters of Science in Civil Engineering Examining Committee in Charge: Ass Prof. Dr. Burhan Yιldɩz Committee Member, Civil Engineering Department, CIU Ass Prof. Dr. Kabir Sadeghi Committee Member, Civil Engineering Department, NEU. Prof. Dr. Ata ATUN Supervisor, Civil Engineering Department, NEU. I hereby declare that all information in this document has been obtained and presented in accordance with the academic rules and ethical conduct. I also declare that, as required by these rules and conduct, I have fully cited and referenced all materials and results that are not original to this work. Name, last name: Signature: Date: ACKNOWLEDGMENT I would like to express my gratitude to my supervisor Prof. Dr. Ata Atun for the useful comments, remarks and engagement through the learning process of this master thesis. I express my special heartfelt gratitude to my family, which directly or indirectly has contributed to accomplish my research work. iv To my lovely family … v ABSTRACT Many natural resources are more often than not seasonal or at least depend on some certain environmental factors for abundance fluctuation; one of these important natural resources is water.
    [Show full text]