AFIPS CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS VOLUME 56 1987 NATIONAL CONFERENCE

June 15-18, 1987 Chicago, Illinois

From the collection of the Computer History Museum (www.computerhistory.org) The ideas and opinions expressed herein are solely those of the authors and are not necessarily representative of or endorsed by the 1987 National Computer Conference or the American Federation of Information Processing Societies, Inc.

Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 80-649583 ISSN 0095-6880 ISBN 0-88283-051-1

AFIPS PRESS 1899 Preston White Drive Reston, Virginia 22091

The National Computer Conference sponsored by

AMERICAN FEDERATION OF INFORMATION PROCESSING SOCIETIES, INC. ASSOCIATION FOR COMPUTING MACHINERY DATA PROCESSING MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY SOCIETY FOR COMPUTER SIMULATION

© 1987 by AFIPS Press. Copying is permitted without payment of royalty provided that (1) each reproduction is done without alteration and (2) reference to the AFIPS 1987 National Computer Conference Proceedings and notice of copyright are included on the first page. The title and abstract may be used without further permission in computer-based and other information service systems. Permission to republish other excerpts should be obtained from AFIPS Press.

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From the collection of the Computer History Museum (www.computerhistory.org) Preface

JOHN M. BROWN 1987 NCC Chair

No industry has ever seen changes occur as rapidly as data processing. In 1987, we find ourselves smack-dab in the middle of some of the most profound changes to date, with no indication that the rate of change will ever slow. Even the name "data processing" is bring replaced with new ones like "Information Management and Movement." We are surrounded by an ever increasing ubiquity of distributed computing brought about by powerful microprocessors, with an ever increasing need to network microcomputers together and to mini and mainframe . The 1987 National Computer Conference recognizes the needs of the data profes­ sionals to stay current with these changes and to understand the trends for the future. In NCC '87; we challenge you to "Discover the Power of Information." The planning and execution of a conference with the size and scope of NCC requires a large number of dedicated people. The volunteers who were part of the 1987 Conference Steering Committee and the various subcommittees are an es­ pecially hardworking and professional set. They organized an extremely timely and relevant conference-from the insightful technical program to the Professional Development seminars to the many special activities. They participated with enthu­ siasm because NCC is a special kind of conference sponsored by industry profes­ sionals for industry professionals. They in turn received invaluable assistance from the AFIPS.staff and the NCC Board, who all put in efforts well beyond the call of duty. As you read through these Proceedings, whether it is for the first time or as a refresher for what you heard and saw at the conference, I am sure you will find it to be a useful and valuable reference source for what is happening in computing.

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From the collection of the Computer History Museum (www.computerhistory.org) From the collection of the Computer History Museum (www.computerhistory.org) Introduction

MARGARET BUTLER 1987 NCC Program Chair

The technical program is designed to afford you, the Conference attendee, the oppor­ tunity to "Discover the Power of Information" for yourself. National Computer Conference attendees come from all segments of the information industry; they are a mixed lot, difficult to characterize simply on the basis of educational background, profession or career, or special interest. Consequently, in planning for NCC '87, the Program Committee attempted to produce a balanced program which would permit you either to focus on acquiring in-depth knowledge in your particular specialty or to broaden your perspective by exploring what is going on in other parts of the computing world. To cover the ever-widening scope of the industry, the program consists of some 90 sessions organized in ten major topic areas (ortracks). Featured sessions in the various topic areas are scattered throughout the four-day program. In these, technical experts and industry leaders describe recent developments, discuss issues of critical and timely im­ portance, and present their views of the industry's future. Featured sessions are scheduled so as not to conflict with one another to allow you to attend all of them should you so desire. In addition to the topic area sessions, the NCC '87 Program includes a number of special sessions and the Small Business Day seminar series. Also offered is a preview of plans for the Smithsonian's major new exhibition on the development of information technologies, centering on computers and communications and a pair of Pioneer Day sessions on Early Operating Systems. You may also find the program dealing with software aspects of SDI meets your fancy. This volume is intended as a true Conference Proceedings, insofar as possible. Use it to get the most from NCC '87 while in Chicago and as a valuable reference in your afterward. It contains the 62 percent of the submitted papers selected for presentation with the assistance of this year's staff of referees, topic area descriptions, and position papers contributed by session organizers, program participants, or members of the NCC '87 Program Committee. I speak for the entire Program Committee in saying we believe we have succeeded in putting together an exciting and educational menu of program sessions designed to meet your needs and interests. Enjoy.

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From the collection of the Computer History Museum (www.computerhistory.org) From the collection of the Computer History Museum (www.computerhistory.org) CONTENTS

Preface ...... iii John M. Brown Introduction ...... v Margaret K. Butler

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ...... 1 Preparing your company for artificial intelligence ...... 3 John Bowyer, Judith Markowitz, and Jay Yusko A methodology for building expert systems ...... 7 Howard Hill A framework for expert modelbase systems ...... 13 Robert W. Blanning A concept space for experiments in artificial intelligence ...... 19 Richard D. Amori Microcomputer PROLOG implementations: The state-of-the-art ...... 27 Hal Berghel and Richard Rankin : System design and applications ...... 37 Jared Bernstein Voice mail and office automation ...... 43 Douglas L. Hogan Artificial intelligence in office information systems ...... 49 Peter Cook, Clarence A. Ellis, Bipin C. Desai, Claude Frasson, John Mylopoulos, and Najah Naffah A portable language interface ...... 53 Bipin C. Desai, John McManus, and Philip J. Vincent , A method for increasing software productivity called object-oriented design-with applications for AI ...... 59 David C. Rine The Ada-AI interface ...... '" ...... 67 Jorge L. Diaz-Herrera Artificial intelligence and security: An overview ...... 73 Alan C. Schultz A methodology for rule-base integrity in expert systems ...... 77 George Stefanek and Shi-Kuo Chang A parallel inference model for logic programming ...... 87 Jie-Yong Juang and Daniel Cheng The contextual parsing of natural language ...... 97 John C. Weber and W.D. Hagamen

COMPUTER DESIGN AND SUPERCOMPUTERS ...... 107 The system data structure contention problem and a novel software solution for shared memory, floating control parallel systems ...... 109 Jerry P. Place and Alan A. Goerner A large/fine-grain parallel dataflow model and its performance evaluation ...... 119 Behrooz Shirazi and Ali R. Hurson Rule partitioning versus task sharing in parallel processing of universal production systems ...... 127 Hee Won Warp architecture: From prototype to production ...... 133 Marco Annaratone, E. Arnould, R. Cohn, T. Gross, H.T. Kung, M. Lam, O. Menzilcioglu, K. Sarocky, J. Senko, and Jon A. Webb

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From the collection of the Computer History Museum (www.computerhistory.org) The Warp programming environment ...... 141 B. Bruegge, e.H. Chang, R. Cohn, T. Gross, M. Lam, P. Lieu, A. Noaman, and D. Yam Applications experience on Warp ...... 149 Marco Annaratone, Francois Bitz, Jeff Deutch, H.T. Kung, Leonard Harney, P.e. Maulik, P.S. Tseng, and Jon A. Webb Very large database applications of the Connection Machine system 159 David Waltz, Craig Stanfill, Stephen Smith, and Robert Thau

EDUCATIONAL AND HUMAN RESOURCE ISSUES ...... 167 Development of occupational taxonomies for computer specialists ...... 169 Sylvia Charp How to pick eagles: Research and application of selection systems within information systems ...... 173 Robert A. Zawacki Software ergonomics research and practice: Findings and recommendations ...... 175 Richard P. Koffler Creating an in-house software ergonomics group: A case study ...... 179 Doreen L. Kushner Software ergonomics guidelines and standards ...... 183 John Karat Bridging the computer-user gap ...... 185 Betty Sherwood Prospects for improved user productivity: A visual perspective ...... 193 Robert Rothbard Software project stress versus quality and productivity ...... 199 Sarah L. Sullivan and Howard Hill Computer education in the United States of America: State policy on training, instruction, and control ...... 205 Gary D. Brooks, Brent Edward Wholeben, and Sandra Boswell The computer and thinking skills: Rationale for a revitalized curriculum ...... 215 Michael Neuman Developing integrated applications and installation schedules for comprehensive information management systems in education ...... 223 Brent Edward Wholeben Usability of corporate information systems ...... 233 Jon Meads

HARDWARE DIRECTIONS ...... 235 Optical pattern recognition ...... 237 George Eichmann Neurocomputer applications ...... 239 Robert Hecht-Nielsen Optical programmable logic arrays ...... 245 Raymond Arrathoon Structure and operation of the HERMES multiprocessor kernel ...... 247 N.G. Bourbakis and D.K. Fotakis Object recognition on the GAM Pyramid ...... 253 David H. Schaefer and Man B. Chu Multilayered petri-nets for distributed decision making ...... 257 A.Z. Ghalwash, P.A. Ligomenides, and R.W. Newcomb Logic machines: A survey ...... 265 G .Z. Qadah and M. Nussbaum

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From the collection of the Computer History Museum (www.computerhistory.org) CD-ROM: The Microsoft perspective ...... , ...... 279 Carl Stork Hardware and perspectives on CD-ROM ...... 281 Mark T. Edmead Real-time operating system design for CD-ROM using OS-9 ...... 283 Peter Gallanis

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT ...... 285 Integrating corporate and information systems strategies ...... 287 Richard F. Mitchell Management decisions and technology trends ...... 289 AmyD. Wohl End-user computing: A grand concept running "amuck" ...... 293 J. Daniel Couger The project unit costing method: Constructing a financial justification for the knowledge-based system ...... 301 Michael L. Morgan and Gail D. Wolf Assessing IS organizational performance: Problems and suggestions ...... 309 Connie E. Wells Executive information systems: Definitions and guidelines ...... 311 Allan Paller

MICROCOMPUTERS ...... 315 Micros in the workplace-the 1990s ...... 317 Bruce Gjertsen and Cecil Pretty Basic networking implementation for the small computer environment ...... 321 p, Tobin Maginnis and Donald F, Miller Microcomputing word processing software: A functional perspective ...... 329 Hal Berghel Towards the integration of integrated software within organizations ...... 341 James A. Carter, Jr. MC68030: The second generation 32-bit microprocessor ...... 349 Michael Ruhland Transaction processing systems on future workstations: A feasibility study ...... 359 Jacob Slonim, John Henshaw, Avi Schonbach, and Michael Bauer SURF: A semantic update and retrieval facility ...... 367 Fred Maryanski and Darrell Stock Text database systems ...... 375 F.J. Smith

NETWORKING AND CONNECTIVITY ...... 381 Mobile data communications ...... 383 Howard J. Gunn ISDN for MIS applications ...... 385 J.A. Newell and L.D. Landy ISDN MIS applications ...... 397 Daniel G. DeBusschere ISDN-A new high performance platform for distributed computer systems ...... 399 R.F. Hoffmann Northern Telecom PBX LANSTAR data services ...... 401 Robert Kelsch

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From the collection of the Computer History Museum (www.computerhistory.org) Beyond ISO: The extended network ...... 403 Joseph B. Rickert IBM's LU6.2: Implications for the future of corporate distributed processing ...... 409 Bonnie M. Weiss Evolution of a hierarchical ring bus network ...... 417 Mark G. Larsen Token-ring local area network management ...... 423 Barbara J. Don Carlos The sub-LAN solution to office connectivity needs ...... 431 Cornelius Peterson Connecting terminals to multiple LANs ...... 437 Bronson Hokuf, Paul D. Amer, and Daniel Grim

SECURITY, PRIVACY AND LAW ...... 449 Development and management of a national information policy ...... 451 John Clement Corporate computer crime and abuse policy statement ...... 453 Richard Cashion Access control-The key to information security in a remote user system ...... 455 Bruce E. Spiro

SYSTEMS SOFIWARE AND LANGUAGES ...... 457 Software workbenches: The new software development environment ...... 459 Carma L. McClure It's not the technical problems...... 467 Donald M. McNamara Evolution of operating environments for new communication service control ...... 469 Shuzo Morita An overview of the Pick Operating System ...... 471 Richard Pick Concurrent phasing: When time means money ...... 473 Richard G. Lefkon Software engineering in the large ...... 475 John C. Chiang Design methods for distributed software systems ...... 477 Carl K. Chang, Mikio Aoyama, and Tsang Ming Jiang An analysis of the roll-back and blocking operations of three concurrency control mechanisms ...... 485 Vijay Kumar Implementing distributed algorithms using remote procedure calls ...... 499 Henri E. Bal, Robbert van Renesse, and Andrew S. Tanenbaum Hardware assists for relational database systems ...... 507 Paula Hawthorn Deployment strategies for new software technology ...... 511 Kenneth C. Latoza Evidence on separately organizing for software maintenance ...... 517 Ned Chapin PC proliferation: Minimizing corporate risk through planning for application maintenance ...... 523 Linda Shafer and John Connell

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From the collection of the Computer History Museum (www.computerhistory.org) A measure of program nesting complexity ...... 531 Eldon Y. Li Towards automatic software fault location through decision-to-decision path analysis ...... 539 James S. Collofello and Larry Cousins Tool integration in lifecycle support environments ...... 545 Jayashree Ramanathan and Vasudevan Venugopal An interactive software maintenance environment ...... 553 Stephen S. Yau, Sying-Syang Liu, and Sheausong Yang The design of distributed databases with cost optimization and integration of space constraints ...... 563 Dalia Motzkin and Elmo Ivey How sensitive is the physical database design? Results of experimental investigation ...... 573 Prashant Palvia Design of a distributed data dictionary system ...... 583 Hongjun Lu, Krishn~ Mikkilineni, and Bhavani Thuraisingham Protecting statistical databases by combining memoryless table restrictions with randomization ...... 591 Ernst L. Leiss and Dave J. Ko Some thoughts on intelligence in information retrieval ...... 601 Ravi Shankar Sharma Beyond the command-response model for PC-based front ends: Some design principles and their application .. 609 David E. Toliver Expert front ends in the environment of multiple information sources ...... 611 Gabriel Jakobson Thoughts about intermediary systems in information retrieval ...... 613 Gerald Salton Graphical query languages for semantic database models ...... 615 Bogdan Czejdo, Ramez Elmasri, Marek Rusinkiewicz, and David W. Embley A network forms database management system ...... " ...... 625 Shuhshen Pan Translation of queries to account for direct communication between different DBMSs ...... 637 Mehdi Owrang and L.L. Miller A new approach to version management for databases ...... 645 Vinit Verma and Huizhu Lu The impact of data models on application development at Pacific Bell ...... 653 Ray Straka The ER approach, relational technology and application development...... 655 Martin Modell A retargetable vector code generator ...... 657 Tom C. Reyes Incremental generation of high-quality target code ...... 665 Mary P. Bivens and Mary Lou Soffa Ripple effect analysis based on semantic information ...... 675 James S. Collofello and D.A. Vennergrund Computer information system development methodologies-A comparative analysis ...... 683 Daniel T. Lee A model for monitoring software integration ...... 693 Mary Lou Lanchbury, David A. Gustafson, and Austin Melton Software risk assessment ...... 701 Susan A. Sherer and Eric K. Clemons

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From the collection of the Computer History Museum (www.computerhistory.org) WORKPLACE APPLICATIONS ...... 709 ABF: A system for automating document compilation ...... 711 James Sprowl, Martha Evens, Mohamed Gagaie Sayed Osman, and Henry Harr AI/expert system applications for the automated office ...... 719 Janet Palmer WE: A writing environment for professionals ...... 725 John B. Smith, Stephen F. Weiss, Gordon J. Ferguson, Jay D. Bolter, Marcy Lansman, and David V. Beard Managing data and design in engineering development ...... 737 William S. Johnson Possible productivity improvements using PDES ...... 745 Larry O'Connell A real world application of ED IF ...... 751 Michael A. Waters CitiExpert: Artificial intelligence applied to banking ...... 761 Kenan E. Sahin and Robert K. Sawyer Use of expert systems in medical research data analysis: The POSCH AI project ...... 769 John M. Long, James R. Slagle, Michael Wick, Erach Irani, John Matts and the POSCH Group

PIONEER DAY ...... 777 Some threads in the development of early operating systems ...... 779 George H. Mealy A batch-processing operating system for the Whirlwind I computer ...... 785 Charles W. Adams The North American 701 Monitor ...... 791 Owen R. Mock General MotorslNorth American Monitor for the IBM 704 computer ...... 797 Robert L. Patrick BESYS revisited ...... 805 R.E. Drummond FMS: The IBM Monitor System ...... 815 Ray A. Lamer

SMALL BUSINESS DAy ...... 821

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From the collection of the Computer History Museum (www.computerhistory.org)