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1St Slide Set Operating Systems Organizational Information Operating Systems Generations of Computer Systems and Operating Systems 1st Slide Set Operating Systems Prof. Dr. Christian Baun Frankfurt University of Applied Sciences (1971–2014: Fachhochschule Frankfurt am Main) Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering [email protected] Prof. Dr. Christian Baun – 1st Slide Set Operating Systems – Frankfurt University of Applied Sciences – WS1920 1/31 Organizational Information Operating Systems Generations of Computer Systems and Operating Systems Organizational Information E-Mail: [email protected] !!! Tell me when problems problems exist at an early stage !!! Homepage: http://www.christianbaun.de !!! Check the course page regularly !!! The homepage contains among others the lecture notes Presentation slides in English and German language Exercise sheets in English and German language Sample solutions of the exercise sheers Old exams and their sample solutions Participating in the exercises is not a precondition for exam participation But it is recommended to participate the exercises The content of the English and German slides is identical, but please use the English slides for the exam preparation to become familiar with the technical terms Prof. Dr. Christian Baun – 1st Slide Set Operating Systems – Frankfurt University of Applied Sciences – WS1920 2/31 Organizational Information Operating Systems Generations of Computer Systems and Operating Systems The Way a good Course works. Image Source: Google Mr. Miyagi says: „Not only the student learns from his master, also the master learns from his student.“ Active participation please! Prof. Dr. Christian Baun – 1st Slide Set Operating Systems – Frankfurt University of Applied Sciences – WS1920 3/31 Organizational Information Operating Systems Generations of Computer Systems and Operating Systems Things, which are bad during a Course. Attending late (regularly!) Noisy eating in the course Offensive-smelling food in the course =⇒ annoying and disrespectful =⇒ annoying =⇒ disgusting Noisy greeting of/by people attending late Teamwork at the laptop in the course Filming or photographing the course =⇒ embarrassing and disrespectful =⇒ annoying for the rows behind =⇒ embarrassing and disrespectful Image sources: Google image search. In detail: Antenne Niedersachsen, Ruhrnachrichten, Celantino, Tagesspiegel, adpic, Fudder Prof. Dr. Christian Baun – 1st Slide Set Operating Systems – Frankfurt University of Applied Sciences – WS1920 4/31 Organizational Information Operating Systems Generations of Computer Systems and Operating Systems Literature Betriebssysteme kompakt, Christian Baun, Springer Vieweg (2017) My slide sets were the basis for the German-language book You can download it for free via the FRA-UAS library from the intranet Betriebssysteme, Carsten Vogt, Spektrum Verlag (2001) Modern Operating Systems, Andrew S. Tanenbaum, Herbert Bos, Pearson, 4th edition (2014) Operating Systems, William Stallings, Pearson, 9th edition (2017) The books from Andrew S. Tanenbaum and William Stallings are available in English and German language Prof. Dr. Christian Baun – 1st Slide Set Operating Systems – Frankfurt University of Applied Sciences – WS1920 5/31 Organizational Information Operating Systems Generations of Computer Systems and Operating Systems Learning Objectives of this Slide Set At the end of this slide set You know/understand. to which computer science branches the operating systems belong to how the evolution of the hardware influenced the evolution of the operating systems Batch processing Singletasking Multitasking Time Sharing Core functionalities of operating systems: Memory management File systems System calls to manage access operations to the hardware Process management Interprocess communication Synchronization of processes Exercise sheet 1 repeats the contents of this slide set which are relevant for these learning objectives Prof. Dr. Christian Baun – 1st Slide Set Operating Systems – Frankfurt University of Applied Sciences – WS1920 6/31 Organizational Information Operating Systems Generations of Computer Systems and Operating Systems Operating Systems in Computer Science (1/2) Where would you place the operating systems? Prof. Dr. Christian Baun – 1st Slide Set Operating Systems – Frankfurt University of Applied Sciences – WS1920 7/31 Organizational Information Operating Systems Generations of Computer Systems and Operating Systems Operating Systems in Computer Science (2/2) Operating systems belong to practical computer science and technical computer science Prof. Dr. Christian Baun – 1st Slide Set Operating Systems – Frankfurt University of Applied Sciences – WS1920 8/31 Organizational Information Operating Systems Generations of Computer Systems and Operating Systems Core Functionalities of Operating Systems At the end of the semester You. know and understand the functioning of the core functionalities of operating systems unterstand the functioning of the most important hardware components have basic skills in working with Linux have basic skills in shell scripting Prof. Dr. Christian Baun – 1st Slide Set Operating Systems – Frankfurt University of Applied Sciences – WS1920 9/31 Organizational Information Operating Systems Generations of Computer Systems and Operating Systems Situation today and Objective for this Semester Prof. Dr. Christian Baun – 1st Slide Set Operating Systems – Frankfurt University of Applied Sciences – WS1920 10/31 Organizational Information Operating Systems Generations of Computer Systems and Operating Systems There is much to do until the End of the Semester The course includes > 500 slides But you do not need to memorize them all in detail for the exam! For each slide set, an exercise sheet exists The exercise sheets repeat the important topics of the course and also help you with your exam preparation Image source: unknown Prof. Dr. Christian Baun – 1st Slide Set Operating Systems – Frankfurt University of Applied Sciences – WS1920 11/31 Organizational Information Operating Systems Generations of Computer Systems and Operating Systems Basic Structure of an Operating System User processes process the users’ jobs System processes provide services of the operating system The operating system core (=⇒ kernel) contains all components of the operating system, which are not implemented as system processes Operating Systems are Part of the System Software System software controls the operation of a computer, assists users and their applications in making use of the hardware and controls the use and allocation of the available hardware resources Prof. Dr. Christian Baun – 1st Slide Set Operating Systems – Frankfurt University of Applied Sciences – WS1920 12/31 Organizational Information Operating Systems Generations of Computer Systems and Operating Systems Generations of Computer Systems and Operating Systems The next slides deal with these questions:. What operating systems exist? Since when do operating systems exist? How did the evolution of the hardware influence the evolution of the operating systems? Generation Time period Technological progress 0 until 1940 (Electro-)mechanical calculating machines =⇒ no software! 1 1940 – 1955 Electron tubes, relays, jack panels 2 1955 – 1965 Transistors, batch processing 3 1965 – 1980 Integrated circuits, time sharing 4 1980 – 2000 Very large-scale integration, microprocessors, PCs/Workstations 5 2000 until ? Distributed systems, the network is the computer, virtualization Quote from the magazine Popular Mechanics (1949) „In the future, computers may weigh no more than 1.5 tonnes.“ Prof. Dr. Christian Baun – 1st Slide Set Operating Systems – Frankfurt University of Applied Sciences – WS1920 13/31 Organizational Information Operating Systems Generations of Computer Systems and Operating Systems Generation Zero (until 1940) Mechanical/Electromechanical calculating machines Examples: Mechanical calculator of Wilhelm Schickard (1623) Offers addition, subtraction and carry mechanism („Zehnerübertragung“) Mechanical calculator Pascaline of Blaise Pascal (1643) Offers addition, subtraction, ≤ 8 digits and carry mechanism Mechanical calculator of Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1673) Offers all 4 basic arithmetic operations, ≤ 6 digits and carry mechanism Image Source: Wikipedia (Herbert Klaeren, Image Source: Heinz Nixdorf Museum Image Source: Deutsches Museum CC-BY-SA-3.0) No software in this generation =⇒ no operating systems Prof. Dr. Christian Baun – 1st Slide Set Operating Systems – Frankfurt University of Applied Sciences – WS1920 14/31 Organizational Information Operating Systems Generations of Computer Systems and Operating Systems Generation Zero (until 1940) Image Source: flickr.com (Jitze Couperus, CC-BY-2.0) Another example: Difference Engine No.1 for solving polynomial functions of Charles Babbage (1832) Prof. Dr. Christian Baun – 1st Slide Set Operating Systems – Frankfurt University of Applied Sciences – WS1920 15/31 Organizational Information Operating Systems Generations of Computer Systems and Operating Systems Generation Zero (until 1940) Another example: Hollerith tabulating machine of Herman Hollerith (1888) Includes: Tabulating machine, punch card sorter, key punch (card punch) and punch card reader 1890: The tabulating machine is used to tabulate the US census 1924: The company of Hollerith is renamed to International Business Machines Corporation (IBM) Image source: IBM Image source: United States Census Bureau Prof. Dr. Christian Baun – 1st Slide Set Operating Systems – Frankfurt University of
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