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Home , Conroy Maddox, Desmond Morris, Giorgio de Chirico, Louis Aragon, Marcel Lecomte, Minotaure

Introduction: Crossing the Bridge: In Pursuit of the Marvellous 1 A Note on the Texts 77 Chronology 80 Selected Bibliographies 85 Acknowledgments 108

1.Precursors

1. HORACE WALPOLE, from The Castle of Otranto, 1764 119 2. ANN RADCLIFFE, from The. Mysteries of Udolpho, 1794 122 3. MATTHEW LEWIS, from The Monk, 1796 126 4. CHARLES MATURIN, from Melmoth the Wanderer, 1820 129 5. COMTE DE LAUTREAMONT, from , 1869 132 6. ISIDORE DUCASSE, from Poesies, 1870 135 7. , 'Deliriums', A Season in Hell, 1873 137 8. J.-K. HUYSMANS, from A Reborns, 1884 139 9. , from , 1896 142 10. ALFRED JARRY, from Ubu Cocu, 1896 146 11. ALFRED JARRY, from The Supermale, 1902 148

2. Contemporary Influences: The Culture of

12. RAYMOND ROUSSEL, from Impressions of Africa, 1910 155 13. MARCEL ALLAIN and PIERRE SOUVESTRE, from Fantdmas, 1911 158 14. , from Manuscript from the Collection of Jean Paulhan, 1911-15 161 15. GUILLAUMEAPOLLINAIRE, from'Zone', 1913 165 16. , from 'Aesthetic Meditations', The Cubist Painters, 1913 168 17. RAYMOND ROUSSEL, from Locus Solus, 1914 170 18. , from ' in Dreams', Introductory Lectures cm Psychoanalysis, 1916 174 19. GUILLAUME APOLIJNAIRE, 'Ocean of Earth' and 'It's Raining', Calligrammes, 1918 179 20. , 'L'Image', Nord-Sud, March 1918 181 21. GIORGIO DE CHIRICO, 'Zeuxis the Explorer', Valon Plastia, November, 1918 183 22. GIORGIO DE CHIRICO, from 'On Metaphysical Art', Valon Piostici, April-May 1919 185 23. GIORGIO DE CHIRICO, 'Statues, Furniture and Generals', n.d. 188 24. HANS PRINZHORN, from Artistry of the Mentally III, 1922 191

3. Enter the Mediumsi and Le Mouvement flou, 1914-23

25. , 'Exhibition of Independents', Maintenant, 1914 197 26. , 'Statement', The Forum Exhibition of Modern American Painters, 1916 200 27. GABRIELLE BUFFET-PICABIA, 'Some Memories of Pre-Dada: Picabia and Duchamp1, 1949 201 28. ANDRE BRETON, 'Subject', Nord-Sud, April 1918, 204 29. , '', Dada 3, 1918 206 30. TRISTAN TZARA, 'Flake House', Litterature, April 1919 210 31. JACQUES VACHE, from War Letters, 1919 212 32. ANDRE BRETON, 'Le Corset mystere', Litterature, June 1919 215 33. ANDRE BRETON, 'Giorgio de Chirico', Litterature, January 1920 217 34. ANDRE BRETON and , from Us Champs magnetiques, 1920 219 35. , 'May Day', Litterature, June 1920 222 36. ALBERT GLEIZES, 'The Dada Case', Action, April 1920 225 37. JACQUES RIGAUT, 'I Shall Be Serious . . .', Litterature, December 1920 230 38. TRISTAN TZARA, from 'Dada Manifesto on Feeble Love and Bitter Love', La Vie des Uttres, 1921 234 39. ANDRE BRETON, from (Exhibition Catalogue), 3 May-.3 June, 1921 236 40. ANDRE BRETON, 'Interview with Dr Freud', Litterature, March 1922 238 41. ANDRE BRETON, 'The New Spirit', Litterature, March 1922 240 42. ANDRE BRETON, from 'Leave Everything', Litterature, April 1922 242 43. ANDRE BRETON, from '', Litterature, October 1922 244 44. MARCEL DUCHAMP, Sayings of Rrose Selavy, Litterature,

VI 247 45. ANDRE BRETON, from 'The Mediums Enter', Litte'rature, November 1922 249 46. FRANCIS PICABIA, 'Just to See', Literature, November 1922 253 47. PAUL. ELUARD, 'Max Ernst' and 'Unique', Repetitions, 1922 255 48. PAUL. ELUARD and MAX ERNST, 'The Scissors and their Father', Les Malheurs des immortels reve'le's par et Max Emst, 1.922 258 49. PAl JL ELI JARD and MAX ERNST, 'And Following Your Example: The Young Women's Series', Litte'rature, December 1922 259 50. , from 'Giorgio de Chirico', Litte'rature, March 1922 261 51. GIORGIO DE CHIRICO, from a letter in response to Vitrac, Litte'rature, March 1922 263 52. TRISTAN TZARA,'Inside-Out Photography: Man Ray', 1922 265 5.3. , from The Adventures ofTelemachus, 1922 267 54. ANDRE BRETON, Preface in Catalogue for Picabia Watercolours Exhibition, Barcelona, November-December 1922 269 55. BENJAMIN PERET, from Death to the Pigs and the Field of Battle, 1922-23 272 56. ANDRE BRETON, from 'The Disdainful Confession', La Vie moderne, February-March 1923 277 57. ROGER VITRAC, 'Poison: Drama without Words', Litte'rature, January 1923 281 58. FRANCIS PICABIA, 'Thank You Francis!', Litte'rature, January 1923 284 59. BENJAMIN PERET, 'The Flower of Napoleon', Litte'rature, January 1923 287 60. MAX ERNST, 'Etna', Litte'rature, October 1923 290 61. ANONYMOUS, 'ErutarettiP, Litterature, October 1923 292

4. The Revolution in Everyday Life: Early , 1924-29

62. ANDRE BRETON, from Manifesto of Surrealism, 1924 297 63. ANDRE BRETON, from Soluble Fish, 1924 304 64. LOUIS ARAGON, from A Wave of Dreams, 1924 306 6.5. LOUIS ARAGON, 'Asphyxia', Le Libertinage, 1924 308 66. JOAN MIRO, Letter to , 10 August 1924 311 67. PHILIPPE SOUPAULT, PAUL ELUARD and ANDRE BRETON from A Corpse, 1924 313 68. SIMONE KAHN, 'Surrealist Text: This Took Place in Springtime . . .', La Revolution surrealiste, December 1924 317 69. J.-A. BOIFFARD, PAUL ELUARD and ROGER VITRAC,

Vll Preface, La Revolution surrealist?, December 1924 ?19 70. GIORGIO DE CHIRICO, 'Dreams', La Revolution surrealiste, December, 1924 ^22 71. , 'Enchanted Eyes', La Resolution surrealiste, December 1924 324 72. , 'Beaux-Arts', La Revolution surrealiste, April 1925 328 73. COLLECTIVE STATEMENT, 'Open the Prisons. Disband the Army', La Revolution surrealiste, January 1925 330 74. , 'Death. The Oaken Rampart', 1925 332 75. PAUL ELUARD, 'Dreams', La Revolution surrealiste, April 1925 334 76. , 'Letter to the Chancellors of the European Universities', La Revolution surrealiste, April 1925 336 77. ANTONIN ARTAUD, Address to the Dalai Lama', La Revolution surrealiste, 18 April 1925 338 78. COLLECTIVE STATEMENT, 'Letter to the Chief Doctors of Lunatic Asylums', La Revolution surrealiste, April 1925 339 79. MICHEL LEIRIS, from 'Glossaire: J'y serre mes gloses', La Revolution surrealiste, April and July 1925 341 80. JACQUES RIGAUT, 'General Suicide Agency', 1925 342 81. PAUL ELUARD, Andre Masson', La Revolution surrealiste, July 1925 344 82. ANDRE BRETON, from 'A Letter to Seers', La Revolution surrealiste, October 1925 345 83. COLLECTIVE STATEMENT, 'Open Letter to M. Paul Claudel', 1st July 1925 348 84. SIMONE KAHN, 'The Exquisite Corpse', 1975 350 85. ROBERT DESNOS and BENJAMIN PERET, 'The Child Planet', 1926 352 86. LOUIS ARAGON, 'The Passage de l'Opera', Revue Europeenne, June-Sept. 1924 354 87. LOUIS ARAGON, 'Enter the Succubi', La Revolution surrealiste, March 1926 358 88. ANTONIN ARTAUD, 'Letter to the Clairvoyant', La Revolution surrealiste, December 1926 360 89. , 'Captive Balloon', La Ligne de coeur, March 1926 363 90. RENE CREVEL, 'Mr Knife, Miss Fork', Babylone, 1927 365 91. SALVADOR DAIJ, from 'Saint Sebastian', L'Anuc de les Arts, July 1927 ' 367 92. SALVADOR DALI, 'Photography: Pure Creation of the Mind', L'Amic de les Arts, September 1927 371 93. ROBERT DESNOS, 'Diary of an Apparition', La Revolution surrealiste, October 1927 375

via 94. MAX ERNST, 'Visions of Half-Sleep', La Revolution surrealists, October 1927 378 95. LOUIS ARAOON, from Treatise on Style, 1928 380 96. ANDRE BRETON, from , 1928 383 97. SALVADOR DALI, 'Poetry of Standardized Utility', L'Arruc de les Arts, March 1928 387 98. SALVADOR DALI, 'Joan MircV, 1928 390 99. LOUIS ARAGON and ANDRE BRETON, 'The Quinquagenary of I Iysteria (1878-1928)', La Revolution surrealiste, March 1928 392 100. SURREALIST GROUP, 'Research into Sexuality: Second Session', La Revolution surrealiste, March 1928, 394 101. ANDRE BRETON, from Surrealism and , 1928 398 102. GIORGIO DE CHIRICO, from Hebdomeros, 1929 403 103. SUZANNE MUZARD, 'On Love: Reply to an Inquiry', La Revolution surrealiste, December 1929 407 104. RENE MAGRITTE, 'Les mots ct les images', La Revolution sur- realiste, December 1929 409 105. JACQUES RIGALJT, 'Lord Patchogue', La Nouvelle Revue Francaise 1929 412 106. ANDRE BRETON, Second Manifesto of Surrealism, La Revolution surrealiste, December 1929, revised and amended 1930 415

5. The Surrealist Internationals In the Service of the Revolution, 1930-39

107. SURREALIST GROUP, 'Question and Answer', Le Surrealisme au service de la revolution, July 1930 423 108. SALVADOR DALI, 'The Moral Position of Surrealism', Helix, April 1930 424 109. SALVADOR DALI, 'The Rotting Donkey', Le Surrealisme au service de la revolution, July 1930 428 110. SALVADOR DALI, 'Arrest of an Exhibitionist on the Metro', Le Surrealisme au service de la revolution, October 1930 432 111. BENJAMIN PERET, 'Life of Foch the Murderer', Le Surrealisme au service de la revolution, October 1930, 433 112. ANDRE BRETON and PAUL ELUARD, from The Immaculate Conception, 1930 435 113. LOUIS ARAGON, from Challenge to Painting, 1930 440 114. MAX ERNST, 'Academy of Science', A Little Girl Dreams of Taking the Veil, 1930 445 115. JOAN MIRO and FRANCISCO MELGAR, 'Spanish Artists in ' [Interview with Joan Miro by Francisco Melgar], Ahora, Madrid, January 1931 449 116. ANDRE BRETON, 'Free Union', June 1931 451

IX 117. LOUIS ARAGON, from 'Red Front', literature of the World Revolution, April 1931 453 118. YVES TAN GUY, 'Weights and Colours', Lt Surrealisms au service de la revolution, December 193.1 456 119. ALBERTO GIAGOMETTI, 'Moving and Mute Objects', Le Surrealisme au service de la revolution, December 1931 459 120. SALVADOR DALI, 'Surrealist Objects', Lt Surrealisme au service de la revolution, December 1931 462 121. SALVADOR DALI, 'Communication: Visage paranomque', Le Surrealisme au service de la revolution, December 1931 466 122. ANDRE BRETON, from Communicating Vessels, 1932 468 123. SALVADOR DALI, 'The Object as Revealed in Surrealist Experiment', This Quarter, (Surrealist Number), September 1932 471 124. ANDRE BRETON, '', , October-December 193.3 478 125. SURREALIST GROUP, from 'Experimental Research into Certain Possibilities of Irrational Embellishment of a City', Le Surrealisme au service de la revolution, May 1933 482 126. SURREALIST GROUP, from 'On the Irrational Posssibilities of Penetration and Orientation in a Picture', Le Surrealisme au service de la revolution, May 1933 484 127. MERET OPPENHEIM, 'If you say the right word I can sing c. 1933, and 'Anyone that sees her white fingers', c. 1935-40 487 128. SALVADOR DALI, from 'Psycho-Atmospheric-Anamorphic Objects', Le Surrealisme au service de la revolution, May 1933 489 129. ANDRE BRETON, from 'Lighthouse of the Bride', Minotaure, Winter 1934-5 492 130. MARCEL DUCHAMP, from 'The Bride Stripped Bare by Her Bachelors, Even', The Green Box, 1934 498 131. SALVADOR DALI, 'Millet's L'Angelus', 1934 502 132. RENE CHAR, 'Poets', 'The Puma of the ' and 'Love', The Masterless Hammer, 1934 505 133. MAX ERNST, 'What is Surrealism?', 1934 507 134. MAX ERNST, from Une Semaine de bonte, 1934 511 135. SALVADOR DALI, from The Conquest of the Irrational, 1935 514 136. SALVADOR DALI, 'Surrealism', 1935 519 137. GISELE PRASSINOS, 'Arrogant Hair' and 'The Ghost of Chateaubriand', La Sauterelle arthrittque, 1935 520 138. ANDRE BRETON, 'Crisis of the Object', Cahiers d'Art, 1936 523 139. BENJAMIN PERET, 'Joan of Arc', Je ne mange pas de ce pain-Id, 1936 527 140. JOAN MIRO, Letter to Pierre Matisse, 28 September 1936 529 141. CLAUDE CAHUN, 'Beware Domestic Objects!', Cahiers d'Art, I- II, 'L'Objet', 1936 531 142. ANDRE BRETON, from Had Love, 1937 5 34 143. MAX ERNST, 'Beyond Painting', Cahwrs d'Art (special Ernst issue), 1937 538 144. BENJAMIN PERET, 'Nature Devours Progress and Goes Beyond', Minotaure, Winter 1937 542 145. PIERRE MABILLE, 'Mirrors', Minotaure, Spring 19.38 544 146. ALBERT BEGUIN, 'The Androgyne', Minotaure, Spring 1938 546 147. ANDRE BRETON and PAUL ELIJARD, from A Short Dictionary of Surrealism, 1938 548 148. ANDRE BRETON, DIEGO RIVERA and 'Towards a Free Revolutionary Art', Partisan Review, IV, New York, Fall 1938 553 149. PAUL ELIJARD, from Food for Vision, 1939 557 150. JOAN MIRO, 'Harlequin's Carnival', Verve, January-March 1939 559 6, Sects and Oppositions; The Old Enemy Within

151. WALTER BENJAMIN, from 'Surrealism: Last Snapshot of the European Intelligentsia', 1929 563 152. MICHEL LEIRIS, 'Concerning the Witch Museum', Documents, May 1929 567 153. , 'Eye', Documents, September 1929 571 154. GEORGES BATAILLE, 'Human Face', Documents, September 1929 573 155. MICHEL LEIRIS, 'Hans Arp', Documents, November 1929 577 156. GEORGES BATAILLE, 'The Big Toe', Documents, November 1929 579 157. GEORGES BATAILLE, 'Formless', Documents, December 1929 583 158. MICHEL LEIRIS, 'Mouth Water', Documents, December 1929 584 159. ROBERT DESNOS, 'Modern Imagery', Documents, December 1929 586 160. JACQUES PREVERT, 'Death of a Gentleman', , January 1930 589 161. , 'Aeschylus, Carnival and the Civilised', Documents, 1930 593 162. MICHEL LEIRIS, 'Man and His Insides', Documents, no. 5, 1930 596 163. , 'Mimicry and Legendary Psychasthenia', Minotaure, June 1935 600 164. MICHEL LEIRIS, 'Fred Astaire', La Bete noire, 1935 606 165. MICHEL LEIRIS, from Manhood, 1946 608

7. Uidee fixex Surrealism in

166. RENE MAGRITTE, and E. L. T. MESENS, 'The 5 Command- ments', (Esophage, March 1925 616

XI 167. PAUL NOUGE, 'Feeling our Looks', Adieu a Mane, 1926 619 168. RENE MAGRITTE, 'Notes on Fanromas', Distances, March 1928 620 169. PAUL ELUARD, 'Primitive Art', Varies, lLe Surrealisme en 1929', June 1929 623 170. ANONYMOUS, 'The World at the Time of the Surrealists', Vanetes, 'Le Surrealisme en 1929', June 1929 626 171. SURREALIST GROUP, 'Surrealist Games', Varietes, 'Le Surrealisme en 1929', 1929 627 172. , 'When the Spirit . . .', Varietes, 'Le Surrealisme en 1929', 1929 629 173. E. L. T. MESENS, 'Proclamation', Doci4,ments 34, 'Intervention Surrealiste', June 1934 632 174. MAX ERNST, 'Concerning the Danger for a Government of Ignoring the Teachings of Surrealism', Documents 34, 'Inter- vention surrealiste', June 1934. 634 175. RENE MAGRITTE, 'Ariadne's Thread', Documents 34, 'Inter- vention surrealiste', June 1934 636 176. RENE MAGRITTE, 'Obsession', c. 1936 637 177. IRENE HAMOIR, 'Romantic Adela', L'hwentwn collective no.2, April 1940 639 178. , 'The White Scarf, 1931 642

8. Suburban Nights: Surrealism in Britain

179. JULIAN TREVELYAN, 'Stare fixedly at the lamp . . .', Transition, June 1930 650 180. THE SURREALIST GROUP IN , 'The Situation in England, the Intellectual Position with Regard to Surrealism; the Formation of an English Group; Immediate Activities', The International Surrealist Bulletin, September 1936 653 181. , from 'Introduction', Surrealism, 1936 656 182. ANDRE BRETON, from 'Limits Not Frontiers of Surrealism' in Herbert Read (ed.), Surrealism, 1936 660 183. SLIEILA LEGGE, 'I Have Done My Best For You', Contemporary Poetry and Prose, no. 8, December 1936 664 184. DAVID GASCOYNE, 'Poem II', Surrealist Objects and Poems (exh. cat.), 1937 666 185. HUGH SYKES DAVIES, 'Poem', Bulletin, May 1938 668 186. GIORGIO DE CHIRICO, 'Mystery and Creation', c. 1913, London Bulletin, October 1938 669 187. , 'Am I a Surrealist?', A Look at m;y Life, 1990 671 188. , from 'The Road is Wider than Long', London Bulletin, December 1938-January 1939 673 189. GRACE PAILTHORPE, from 'The Scientific Aspect of

xn Surrealism', London finikin, December 1938-{anuary 19^9 676 190. RENE MAGRITTE, and PAUL NOUGE, 'Colour-Colours, or an Experiment Ivy Roland Penrose', London Bulletin, June 19 39 682 191. ROBKRT MHLVILLK, 'Suburban Nights (II)', London Bulletin, January-February 1939 686 192. , 'The Object oi'Surrealism', London Bulletin, June 1940 687 193. CONROY MADDOX, 'The Playgrounds of Salpetrierc', (1940, unpub. ms] 691 194. TON I DEL RKNZIO, 'The Return to the Desolation', Arson, 1942 692 195. , 'Everything Found on Land is Found in the Sea', Alex Comfort and John Bayliss (eds), New Road, 1943 694 196. , 'The Day the Annuals Came', 1949 697

9. The World at Wart European Emigres and Surrealism in America, 1939-45

197. D. A. F. DH SADE, from an undated Letter to Madame de Sade 703 198. ANDRE BRETON, 'Prolegomena to a Third or Not', VVV, June 1942 707 199. , 'The Evil Eye', VW, June 1942 710 200. MAX ERNST, 'Some Data on the Youth of M.E. As Told by Himself, View, Max Ernst Issue, April 1942 713 201. JAMES JOHNSON SWEENEY, Tconographer of Melancholy', View, Tanguy/ Tchelitchew Issue, May 1942 717 202. SALVADOR DAIT, from The Secret Life of Salvador Dali, 1942 719 203. SUZANNE CESAIRE, from 'Discontent of a Civilization', Tropiques, 1942 723 204. SUZANNE CESAIRE, from 'Surrealism and Us', Tropiques, 1943 726 205. AIME CESAIRE, 'Annunciation', 'Tom-tom I' and 'Tom-tom IF, VW, March 1943 729 206. PARKER TYLER, 'Americana Fantastica', View, January 1943 7 32 207. , from Down Below, VVV, February 1944 735 208. GABRIELLE BUFFET, 'MagiCircles', View, Duchamp Issue, March 1945 739 209. KURT SELIGMANN, 'Heritage of the Accursed', View, December 1945 741 210. ANDRE BRETON, from Arcane /7, 1944 745 211. RENE MAGRITTE, 'Lifeline', View, Belgium Issue, December 1946 747 212. AIME CESAIRE, 'The Automatic Crystal' and 'The Virgin Forest', Les Amies rniraculemes, 1946 751

xni 10. The Forgotten Policeman in the Trunks Surrealism and Cinema

21.3. LOUIS ARAGON, 'On Decor', in Louis Delluc, Le Film, September 1918 757 214. ROBERT DESNOS, 'Eroticism', Pans-Journal, 20th April, 1923 760 21.5. PHILIPPE SOUPAULT, 'Rage' and 'Glory', Us Cahiers du mois, 1925 762 216. SURREALIST GROUP, 'Hands Off Love', Transition, September 1927 764 217. SALVADOR DALI, ' Art Films, Anti-Artistic Spool', Cmtat, 1927 767 218. LUIS BUNUEL and SALVADOR DALI, '', La Revolution surrealiste, December 1929 771 219. SALVADOR DALI with LUIS BUNUEL, from VAge d'Or. Studio 28 revue-programme, 1931 776 220. JOSEPH CORNELL, 'Monsieur Phot (Scenario)', 1933 779 221. MAN RAY, 'Ruth, Roses, and Revolvers', View, December 1944 783 222. ANDRE BRETON, 'As in a Wood', VAge. du cinema, Aug.-Nov., 1951 786

11. Post-war Surrealism

223. , 'Notes for the Well-Lettered', Prospectus, 1946 793 224. MICHEL LEIRIS, 'The Arts and Sciences of Marcel Duchamp', Fontaine 7, 1946 797 225. ANDRE BRETON, 'The Exquisite Corpse', 1948 801 226. ANDRE BRETON, from radio interviews with Andre Parinaud, March-June 1952 803 227. MARCEL DUCHAMP, from 'The Creative Act' [lecture], April 1957 808 228. GUY DEBORD, from 'Theory of the Derive', Internationale situationniste, December 1958 811 229. HENRI MICHAUX, from Paix dans les bnsements, 1959 816 230. MARCEL BROODTHAERS, 'A Chair. . . .', 1960 818 231. GIORGIO DE CHIRICO, from The Memoirs of Giorgio de Chirico, 1962 821 232. MICHEL LEIRIS, ' (on a Postage Stamp or Medallion)', La Bienniale de Venezia 48, 1962 825 233. ALBERTO GIACOMETTI, from a BBC radio interview with David Sylvester, 1964 828 234. PIERRE CABANNE, from Dialogues with Marcel Duchamp, 1967 833

Index of Writers, Documents, Artists and Illustrations included 837 Thematic Index 851

xiv