Botting Fred Wilson Scott Eds
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
The Bataille Reader Edited by Fred Botting and Scott Wilson • � Blackwell t..b Publishing Copyright © Blackwell Publishers Ltd, 1997 Introduction, apparatus, selection and arrangement copyright © Fred Botting and Scott Wilson 1997 First published 1997 2 4 6 8 10 9 7 5 3 Blackwell Publishers Ltd 108 Cowley Road Oxford OX4 IJF UK Blackwell Publishers Inc. 350 Main Street Malden, MA 02 148 USA All rights reserved. Except for the quotation of short passages for the purposes of criticism and review, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form Or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. Except in the United States of America, this book is sold subject to the condition that it shall not, by way of trade or otherwise, be lent, resold, hired out, or otherwise circulated without the publisher's prior consent in any fo rm of binding or cover other than that in which it is published and without a similar condition including this condition being imposed on the subsequent purchaser. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the British Ubrary. Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Bataille, Georges, 1897-1962. [Selections. English. 19971 The Bataille reader I edited by Fred Botting and Scott Wilson. p. cm. -(Blackwell readers) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-631-19958-6 (hc : alk. paper). -ISBN 0-631-19959-4 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Philosophy. 2. Criticism. I. Botting, Fred. 11. Wilson, Scott, 1962- . III. Title. IV. Series. B2430.B3395B382 I 3 1997 848'.91209--dc21 96-51520 CIP Typeset in lOon 12 pt Plantin by Best-set Typesetter Ltd., Hong Kong Contents Acknowledgements vii Introduction: From Experience to Economy 1 Part I Inner Experience 35 1 Chance 37 2 Guilt 55 3 Laughter 59 4 The Torment 64 5 Christ 92 6 Love 94 7 Life 98 8 Poetry 105 9 Autobiographical Note 113 Part II Heterology 119 10 Programme (Relative to Acephale) 121 11 The Psychological Structure of Fascism 122 12 The Use-Value ofD. A. F. de Sade (An Open Letter to My Current Comrades) 147 13 Base Materialism and Gnosticism 160 Part III General Economy 165 14 The Notion of Expenditure 167 15 The Meaning of General Economy 182 16 Laws of General Economy 188 17 The Gift of Rivalry: 'Potlatch' 199 18 Sacrifice, the Festival and the Principles of the Sacred World 210 Part IV Eroticism 221 19 Ma dame Edwarda 223 vi Contents 20 Preface to the History of Eroticism 237 21 Death 242 22 The Festival, or the Transgression of Prohibitions 248 23 The Phaedra Complex 253 24 Desire Horrified at Losing and at Losing Oneself 258 25 The Object of Desire and the Totality of the Real 264 26 Epilogue to the History of Eroticism 271 Part V Sovereignty 275 27 To Whom 277 28 Hegel, Death and Sacrifice 279 29 Letter to X, Lecturer on Hegel 296 30 Knowledge of Sovereignty 301 31 The Schema of Sovereignty 313 32 Un-knowing and its Consequences 321 33 Un-knowing and Rebellion 32'7 34 On Nietzsche: The Will to Chance 330 Bibliography 343 Index 348 Acknowledgements The editors and publishers wish to thank the following for permission to use copyright material: Georges Borchardt, Inc. for Georges Bataille, 'On Nietzsche: The Will to Chance', v. 6, pp. 46-57; 'Program (Relative to Acephale)" v. 2, p. 79; 'Un-knowing and its Consequences', v. 8, pp. 86--8; and 'Autobiographical Note', v. 8, pp. 107-10 from October 36 (1986); copyright © by Editions Gallimard. Marion Boyars Publishers Ltd. for Georges Bataille, 'Madame Edwarda' from My Mother, Madame Edwarda, Th e Dead Man, trans. Austryn Wainhouse (1989) pp. 137-59, copyright © Madame Edwarda 1956 by Jean-Jacques Pauven; translation copyright © 1989 Marion Boyars Publishers. City Lights Publishers for Georges Bataille, Th e Impossible, trans. Roben Hurley (199 1) pp. 147-64, copyright © by Les Editions de Minuit; translation copyright © 1991 by City Lights Books. The Litho Shop, Inc. for Georges Bataille, Guilty, trans. Bruce Boone, intro. Denis Hollier (1988) The Lapis Press, pp. 69-86, 135-8, 139-4 1, copyright © 1961 Editions Gallimard; translation © 1988 by Bruce Boone. Paragon House for Georges Bataille, On Nietzsche, trans. Bruce Boone, intro. Sylvere Lotringer (1992) pp. 17-9, 68-71, 108-16, copyright © 1945 Editions Gallimard; translation copyright © 1992 by Paragon House. State University of New York Press and Editions Gallimard for Georges Bataille, 'The Torment' from Inner Experience, trans. and intro. Leslie Anne Boldt (1988) pp. 33-61, copyright © 1943 Editions Gallimard; translation © 1988 by State University of New York. Telos Press for Georges Bataille, 'The Psychological Structure of Fascism', trans. Carl R Lovett, New Ger man Critique, 16 (1979) pp. 64-87. University of Minnesota Press for Georges Bataille, 'Base Materialism and Gnosticism', 'The Use-Value of D A F de Sade' and 'The Notion of Expenditure' from Vision s of Excess: Selected Writings 1927-39, trans. Allan Stoekl, with Carl R Lovitt and Donald M Leslie, Jr. (1985), pp. 45-52, 91-102, 116-29, copyright © 1970 Editions Gallimard; translation copyright © 1993 by the University of Minnesota; and Georges Bataille, 'Letter to X' from Th e Coll ege of Sociology 1937-39, trans. Betsy Wing, intro. Denis Hollier (1988) pp. 89-93, copy right © 1979 by Editions Gallimard; translation copyright © by the Univer sity of Minnesota. Yale French Studies for Georges Bataille, 'Hegel,Death, viii Acknowledgements and Sacrifice', trans. Jonathan Strauss, Yale French Studies, 78 (1990) pp. 9-28, copyright © 1990 Yale French Studies. Zone Books for Georges Bataille, The AccursedShare, vol. I, trans. Roben Hurley (1988), pp. 19-41, 63-77, copyright © 1988 by Urzone, Inc; Georges Bataille, The Accursed Share, vol. II, trans. Roben Hurley (199 1) pp. 13-8, 79-86, 89-94, 95- 101, 103-19, 187-9 1, copyright © 1991 by Urzone, Inc; Georges Bataille, TheAccursed Share, vol. Ill, trans. Roben Hurley (1991) pp. 197-211, 213- 23, copyright © 1991 by Urzone, Inc; and Georges Bataille, The Theory of Religion, trans. Roben Hurley (1989) pp. 43-61, 109-11, copyright © 1989 by Urzone, Inc. Every et'fon has been made to trace the copyright holders, but if any have been inadvenently overlooked the publishers will be pleased to make the necessary arrangement at the first opponunity. Introduction: From Experience to Economy The Experience of Reading Bataille 'I read the first chapter and felt violently ill.' A colleague returns On Nietzsche. Unread, or read to the limit of tolerance, Bataille's text has nevertheless succeeded in throwing up a 'Bataillean' response. Experiences of nausea, sickness, pain, anguish are among the range of extreme states that concern Bataille precisely to the degree that they are uncontrollable, in so far as they shatter the composed rationality of the isolated individual. In this way, such experiences open on to a mode of communication that exceeds language. Communication, for Bataille, requires 'a being sus pended in the beyond of oneself, at the limit of nothingness'. 1 As reluctant and unappetizing as such an entry into communication with a text may be, the involuntary voidance of one reader amply testifies to the disruptive force of Bataille's writing. While the present reader may judge for him or herself, however, there would appear to be nothing in this chapter from On Ni etzsche, notwithstanding the crucifixion of Christ, that is obvi ously disgusting at the level of objects represented. Rather, it is perhaps the way that Bataille's writing actively contests systematic codes of academic inscription and takes thought to the limits of comprehension. It is possible that this writing, which attempts to push understanding and empathy to a vertiginous summit, produces the reaction that bypasses or exceeds intel lectual appraisal, leaping from reading to feeling in a violent movement that manifests an extreme subjective and corporeal disturbance. The idea of someone throwing up all over one of Bataille's texts is also quite funny, of course. Laughter is frequently a response to repugnance, or to the discomfort of others. As Bataille notes in the Preface to Madame Edwarda, 'laughter is the sign of aversion, of horror' (p. 224). But equally frequently, laughter is a defence mechanism, warding off the horror: 'it is indeed in laughter that we find the justification for a form of castigation, of obloquy' (p. 224). It is quite possible that, in their subjective extremity and their intense seriousness about uncomfortable topics, Bataille's own texts may be subject to laughter, particularly to the derisory mirth of a comfort able Anglo-American pragmatic or utilitarian scepticism. But this would be 2 In troduction: From Experience to Economy to miss completely the imponance of Bataille's thought - and Bataille's laughter: What the heany laugh screens us from, what fetches up the bawdy jest, is the identity that exists between the utmost in pleasure and the utmost in pain: the identity between being and non-being, between the living and the death-stricken being, between the knowledge which brings one before this dazzling realization and definitive, concluding darkness ... our laughter here is absolute, going far beyond scorning ridicule of something which may perhaps be repugnant, but disgust for which digs deep under our skin ...the sight of blood, the odour of vomit, which arouse in us the dread of death, sometimes introduce us into a nauseous state -which huns more cruelly than pain. (p. 225) That which is revolting, shocking, that which disarms predictable patterns of thinking and feeling, that which lies at the unhallowed extremes and unavowed interstices of social, philosophical or theoretical frameworks, are the objects of Bataille's fascination.