Facultad De Derecho Tesis Doctoral Derecho De La Mujer a La Joyeria Tradicional Salmantina: Implicación De

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Facultad De Derecho Tesis Doctoral Derecho De La Mujer a La Joyeria Tradicional Salmantina: Implicación De DEPARTAMENTO DE DERECHO ADMINISTRATIVO FINANCIERO Y PROCESAL FACULTAD DE DERECHO CAMPUS DE EXCELENCIA INTERNACIONAL TESIS DOCTORAL DERECHO DE LA MUJER A LA JOYERIA TRADICIONAL SALMANTINA: IMPLICACIÓN DE LAS ADMINISTRACIONES PÚBLICAS Autora: Dña. María Eugenia Bueno Pastor Directora: Prof. Dra. Dª Maria Dolores Calvo Sánchez Salamanca, 2015 Derecho de la mujer a la joyería tradicional salmantina: implicación de las Administraciones Públicas “CAMINANTE SÍ HAY CAMINO, HAY QUE SABERLO ENCONTRAR” José Bueno Cordero Catedrático de Matemáticas y Profesor Emérito de la Universidad de Salamanca 2 Derecho de la mujer a la joyería tradicional salmantina: implicación de las Administraciones Públicas Agradecimientos: Agradezco a la Universidad de Salamanca, a la Facultad de Derecho y en concreto al Departamento de Derecho Administrativo Financiero y Procesal la ayuda prestada para la realización de esta Tesis. Agradezco a mi Directora de Tesis la Prof. Dra. Dª María Dolores Calvo Sánchez sus conocimientos, inquietudes, ideas y ayuda inestimable, ya que sin ella hubiera sido imposible obtener el resultado que exponemos y terminar esta Tesis tan novedosa en la que desde el principio confió. Agradezco a todos los que han colaborado en esta Tesis en las diferentes áreas, Conocedores de lo Charro, Artesanos Joyeros, Arquitectos, Área Administrativa y Composición de Texto. Agradezco a mi marido, a mi hijo, a mi familia y a mis amigos la comprensión, la paciencia y los ánimos. 3 Derecho de la mujer a la joyería tradicional salmantina: implicación de las Administraciones Públicas Dedicado a mi madre in memoriam. 4 Derecho de la mujer a la joyería tradicional salmantina: implicación de las Administraciones Públicas ÍNDICE INTRODUCCIÓN AL DERECHO ................................................... 7 MATERIAL Y MÉTODO UTILIZADO ............................................. 25 1. Justificación teórica de la elección de fuentes cualitativas ......... 26 2. Fuentes orales locales: .............................................................. 39 2.1. Feli Cañada Miguel ....................................................................... 39 2.2. Antonio José Martín Sánchez ....................................................... 44 2.3. José Luis Nieves Delgado ............................................................ 46 2.4. Miguel Ángel Cordón Rodríguez ................................................... 47 2.5. José Alfonso Jacinto Sánchez-Vasconcellos Bravo ..................... 49 CAPITULO I. LA EVOLUCIÓN HISTÓRICA DE LA JOYERÍA TRADICIONAL: ESTUDIO DESCRIPTIVO 1. Introducción................................................................................. 52 2. Espacio y tradición: La filigrana y sus antecedentes .................. 67 3. Las rutas hacia la Península Ibérica: procedencia e influencias . 78 4. El traje como soporte del aderezo joyero .................................... 91 4.1. Aproximación al tema ................................................................... 91 4.2. Conversaciones con Feli Cañada ................................................. 99 CAPITULO II. TÉCNICAS AMANUENSES DE LA JOYA, SU PRAXIS EN: LA TALLA, LA FILIGRANA Y LA MICROFUSIÓN 1. Artesanos amanuenses en la creación de la joya: los Oreros .... 163 1.1. La praxis de la talla: Antonio José Martín Sánchez ...................... 163 1.2. La praxis de la filigrana: José Luis Nieves .................................... 169 2. El proceso semiartesanal de la joya: La Microfusión .................. 179 2.1. Antecedentes históricos ............................................................... 179 2.2. La Microfusión para el caso particular de la filigrana Charra. Experiencia técnica en el taller del artesano Miguel Ángel Cordón.................. 187 3. La situación actual: Conversación con el empresario José Alfonso Jacinto Sánchez-Vasconcellos Bravo ................................ 219 5 Derecho de la mujer a la joyería tradicional salmantina: implicación de las Administraciones Públicas CAPITULO III. DELIMITACIÓN CONCEPTUAL Y DOCTRINAL: LA FORMA 1. Introducción................................................................................. 231 2. Orígenes de la forma, dificultad e importancia de la delimitación conceptual: arquetipo, mandala y símbolo ..................................... 235 3. La geometría sagrada ................................................................. 282 4. Las medidas áureas del Botón Charro ........................................ 300 5. Realidad o Mito: hipótesis de globalización ................................ 322 CAPITULO IV. LA NECESARIA IMPLICACIÓN DE LAS ADMINISTRACIONES PÚBLICAS Y LA EMPRESA PRIVADA 1. La necesaria implicación y tutela de las Administraciones Públicas .......................................................................................... 329 1.1. Administración Pública Europea ................................................... 331 1.2. Administración Pública del Estado ............................................... 342 1.3. Administración Pública Autonómica: CYL .................................... 360 1.4. Administración Pública Local ........................................................ 375 2. “ARS GEMMARIA NOVA”: un proyecto de actualización de la joya para la mujer del XXI ............................................................... 380 2.1. Proyecto empresarial. Puesta en valor del estudio investigador .. 394 2.2. Valoración popular.............................................................. 397 CONCLUSIONES ........................................................................... 412 BIBLIOGRAFÍA .............................................................................. 416 ANEXO, DVD: 1. Traje: Feli Cañada. Fotos de F-1 a F-153 2. Talla: Antonio J. Martín. Fotos de A-1 a A-19 3. Filigrana: a) José Luis Nieves. Fotos de N-1 a N-152 b) Michel Cordón. Fotos de AN-1 a AN-13 4. Microfusión: Michel Cordón. Foto 1 a Foto 257. 5. Pdf “Ars Gemmaria Nova y 6. Pdf Tesis 6 Derecho de la mujer a la joyería tradicional salmantina: implicación de las Administraciones Públicas INTRODUCCIÓN AL DERECHO 7 Derecho de la mujer a la joyería tradicional salmantina: implicación de las Administraciones Públicas La mujer tradicional tiene derecho a no olvidar su identidad y las Administraciones Públicas tienen necesariamente que proteger por imperativo legal, lo que constituye sin duda un bien público. El aderezo joyero es una de sus señas de identidad, muy poco o nada estudiado, nos ofrecerá un punto importante en el que encontrar mucho más que símbolos o simple herencia. Él nos guiará desde lo más remoto del tiempo hasta nuestros días y todo para darnos hitos dónde buscar quienes fuimos y quienes somos. La velocidad del mundo en esta segunda década del SXXI, pone en riesgo la pérdida de su pasado por la falta del conocimiento de determinados objetos que en la actualidad han perdido su función y su sentido, pero que en otros tiempos fueron la única herencia personal que se trasmitía de madres a hijas dentro del clan familiar. Estas piezas hasta ahora, apenas han sido objetivo de estudio universitario por no considerárselas dignas de ello. El riesgo que corremos es la desmemoria y con ella la pérdida de un patrimonio, que a pesar de ser mudo, forma parte de la mujer de este territorio y que como estudiaremos, la va a emparentar con otras mujeres muy alejadas de ella, tanto en el espacio como en el tiempo, pero que sin embargo las identifica. La sustitución de una antigua y trasnochada mujer tradicional da paso a una mujer incorporada a todos los procesos productivos y a todos los ámbitos de la vida. Una nueva visión de ésta mujer pone de manifiesto que sólo quienes conocen la Historia son dueños de su destino, rechazando así el olvido de aquello que le pertenece por derecho, aunque exista una tendencia generalizada a olvidarlo y sustituirlo. 8 Derecho de la mujer a la joyería tradicional salmantina: implicación de las Administraciones Públicas No atender estos aspectos violaría nuestra ética y nuestros principios, que pasan por dar el valor real que tienen fundamentándolo en que la importancia de las cosas es el tiempo el que se encarga de proporcionarle el lugar que les corresponde. Se ha hecho un importante trabajo y esfuerzo para que quede constancia de que la clave de la supervivencia, cómo en todos los órdenes de la naturaleza y por supuesto aquí, es “La adaptación” como quedará demostrado con “Ars Gemmaria Nova”. Las Administraciones Públicas deben ser los garantes de que este patrimonio no solamente no desaparezca, sino que han de fomentar proyectos que lo mantengan en una sociedad predispuesta al olvido con mucha facilidad. Salamanca tiene un patrimonio de joyería tradicional de una riqueza extraordinaria, no sólo por la belleza intrínseca de los objetos sino por el valor de identidad para las mujeres de este territorio, que no se puede permitir perder, y aún menos abocarlo a una muerte indigna provocada por la amnesia histórica. Somos los universitarios a través de la investigación, los que debemos plantearnos estos aspectos estudiándolos y aportando soluciones, ya que es de justicia. Basta un breve repaso por las hemerotecas para constatar que en la actualidad, en el ámbito de los estudios dedicados a la investigación del patrimonio joyero tradicional salmantino, no existe prácticamente nada. A pesar de que la literatura etnográfica histórica1 ha tratado estos temas, la realidad nos da un vacío bastante grande en el caso concreto que nos 1 CEA GUTIÉRREZ, A.: Nos estamos refiriendo a
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