Van Gastarbeider Tot Euroforens De Uitdagingen Van Arbeidsmigratie Voor De Vakbeweging

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Van Gastarbeider Tot Euroforens De Uitdagingen Van Arbeidsmigratie Voor De Vakbeweging Van gastarbeider tot euroforens De uitdagingen van arbeidsmigratie voor de vakbeweging Wilma Roos Publicatie nr. 9 Wetenschappelijk Bureau voor de Vakbeweging Maart 2015 Opmaak en druk: Weemen Drukwerk & Communicatie, Haps De Burcht Henri Polaklaan 9 1018 CP Amsterdam tel: 020-6241166 [email protected] www.deburcht.nl © De Burcht, Amsterdam Alle rechten voorbehouden. Niets uit deze uitgave mag vermenigvuldigd worden en/of openbaar gemaakt in enige vorm op enige wijze, hetzij elektronisch, mechanisch, door middel van druk, fotokopie, opname of welke wijze dan ook, zonder voorafgaande schriftelijke toestemming van de uitgever. Van gastarbeider tot euroforens De uitdagingen van arbeidsmigratie voor de vakbeweging Wilma Roos Publicatie nr. 9 Wetenschappelijk Bureau voor de Vakbeweging 4 Hoofdstuktitel Inhoud Van gastarbeider gastarbeider tot euroforens Van Woord vooraf .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................7 Inleiding ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................9 Hoofdstuk 1. Het arbeidsmigratie debat: verschillende invalshoeken .......................................................................................11 1.1 Inleiding .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................12 1.2 Migratie tendensen en -processen wereldwijd en binnen Europa ...............................................................12 1.3 Belangrijke aspecten in het migratiedebat in relatie met de arbeidsmarkt ...........................16 1.4 Drie aspecten die van belang zijn voor de vakbeweging in relatie tot het migratiedebat ...........................................................................................................................................................................................22 Hoofdstuk 2. Kenmerken van de recente migratie stromen naar Nederland .........................................................34 2.1 Inleiding: kort historisch perspectief .........................................................................................................................................................................35 2.2 Overheidsbeleid ten aanzien van migratie ..................................................................................................................................................37 2.3 Ontwikkeling van migratiestromen naar Nederland ............................................................................................................... 41 2.4 Verschillende typen migratie en diversiteit in groepen migranten .......................................................... 47 2.5 Prognoses over toekomstige migratiestromen: is een daling ingezet? ..............................................52 2.6 Conclusies ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................54 Hoofdstuk 3. Arbeidscontractvormen waarin migranten werkzaam zijn .......................................................................55 3.1 Inleiding ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................56 3.2 Zzp-constructies en schijnzelfstandigheid ...................................................................................................................................................56 3.3 Dienstlijnenrichtlijn en detachering ........................................................................................................................................................................58 3.4 Uitzendbureaus en arbeidsbemiddelingsbureaus .......................................................................................................................61 3.5 Misbruik bij afdracht sociale premies ...................................................................................................................................................................64 3.6 Ontduiking van cao’s .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................65 Hoofdstuk 4. Arbeidsmarktverhoudingen in Nederland in relatie tot migratiepatronen ..............................................................................................................................................................................67 4.1 Inleiding ..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................68 4.2 Economische processen .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................68 4.3 Demografische processen: omvang beroepsbevolking en participatiegraad .............................................................................................................................79 Van gastarbeider gastarbeider tot euroforens Van 4.4 Sociale processen ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................82 4.5 Afsluitende opmerkingen ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................86 Hoofdstuk 5. De relatie tussen arbeidsmigratie en arbeidsmarkt: de uitdagingen van de vakbeweging. .......................................................................................................................................................89 5.1 Inleiding ..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................90 5.2 Wetgeving en handhaving .............................................................................................................................................................................................................91 5.2.1 Voorbeeld de transportsector ....................................................................................................................................................................................................91 5.2.2 Wetgeving in de transportsector: de cabotage verordening ....................................................................................93 5.2.3 Handhaving van de wetgeving in de transportsector dor de overheid ..............................................95 Inhoud 5 6 WoordInhoud vooraf 5.2.4 Handhaving vanuit de branche ............................................................................................................................................................................................97 5.2.5 Rol van de vakbeweging in handhaving ............................................................................................................................................................97 5.3 Draagvlak en financiële duurzaamheid van de vakbeweging: organisatie en belangenbehartiging van migranten ....................................................................................................... 100 5.3.1 Voorbeeld de bouwsector ............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 100 5.3.2 Vakbondsbetrokkenheid van allochtonen en migranten: voorbeeld de bouwnijverheid ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 100 5.3.3 Verschillende arbeidscontractvormen .................................................................................................................................................................101 5.3.4 Organisatie en belangenbehartiging van arbeidsmigranten in de bouwsector ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................104
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