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Diplomarbeit DIPLOMARBEIT Titel der Diplomarbeit Free Open Source Software Freie Software an allgemeinbildenden höheren Schulen Verfasser Thomas Michael Weissel angestrebter akademischer Grad Magister der Naturwissenschaften (Mag. rer.nat) Wien, 2009 Studienkennzahl lt. Studienblatt: A190 884 299 Studienrichtung lt. Studienblatt: Lehramt Informatik und Informatik Management Betreuer: Ao.Univ.Prof. Dipl.-Ing. Dr.techn Gerald Futschek Free Open Source Software Freie Software an allgemeinbildenden höheren Schulen "Der fundamentale Akt von Freundschaft unter denkenden Wesen besteht darin, einander etwas beizubringen und Wissen gemeinsam zu nutzen. Dies ist nicht nur ein nützlicher Akt, sondern es hilft die Bande des guten Willens zu verstärken, die die Grundlage der Gesellschaft bilden und diese von der Wildnis unterscheidet. Dieser gute Wille, die Bereitschaft unserem Nächsten zu helfen, ist genau das, was die Gesellschaft zusammenhält und was sie lebenswert macht. Jede Politik oder jedes Rechtssystem, das diese Art der Kooperation verurteilt oder verbietet, verseucht die wichtigste Ressource der Gesellschaft. Es ist keine materielle Ressource, aber es ist dennoch eine äuûerst wichtige Ressource." [ GRASS , S.224 ] Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 Übersicht..........................................................................................................................................1 1.1 Kurzfassung..................................................................................................................................1 1.2 These...........................................................................................................................................2 1.3 Aufgabenstellung...........................................................................................................................2 1.4 Ergebnis.......................................................................................................................................2 2 Vorgehensweise..............................................................................................................................3 2.1 Persönlicher Zugang zum Thema...................................................................................................3 2.2 Aufbau der Arbeit..........................................................................................................................4 2.3 Wissenschaftliche Methodik...........................................................................................................4 3 Existenzgrundlagen von freier Software.....................................................................................7 3.1 Ideologischer Hintergrund der freien Software.................................................................................7 3.2 Wichtige Persönlichkeiten............................................................................................................15 3.2.1 Richard Stallman..................................................................................................................15 3.2.2 Linus Torvalds......................................................................................................................16 3.3 Free Software Foundation............................................................................................................18 3.4 GNU/Linux..................................................................................................................................20 3.5 General Public Licence ± Copyleft ...............................................................................................21 3.6 Offene Standards .......................................................................................................................21 3.7 Communities...............................................................................................................................24 3.8 Open Source Business ...............................................................................................................26 4 FOSS im Schulbetrieb..................................................................................................................30 4.1 ¹Lock-inª Bindung an einzelne Hersteller.......................................................................................30 4.2 Finanzielle Konsequenzen von freien Softwarelösungen................................................................36 4.3 Offene Schnittstellen und offene Standards...................................................................................41 4.4 Aspekte der Wiederverwertbarkeit freier Software.........................................................................44 4.5 Sicherheit und Free Open Source Software ..................................................................................45 4.6 Open Content im Unterricht..........................................................................................................48 4.7 Einsatz von freier Software in Unterricht, Verwaltung und Infrastruktur ...........................................50 4.7.1 Linux Advanced....................................................................................................................56 4.7.2 Skolelinux............................................................................................................................57 4.7.3 Edubuntu.............................................................................................................................57 4.7.4 (Informatik)Unterricht............................................................................................................58 4.7.5 Verwaltung...........................................................................................................................60 4.7.6 Kooperation/Infrastruktur.......................................................................................................60 4.8 Hindernisse einer (Teil)Migration...................................................................................................61 5 Modellbeispiel: BG Rechte Kremszeile ....................................................................................63 5.1 Werdegang des Systems..............................................................................................................63 5.2 Ziele der Schule..........................................................................................................................65 5.3 Software im Schuleinsatz.............................................................................................................65 5.4 LinuxAdvanced - Ausblick............................................................................................................66 6 typeX-press ± Freie Software in der Praxis...............................................................................67 6.1 Konzept und Ziel der Software .....................................................................................................67 6.2 Rahmenbedingungen des Projektes.............................................................................................69 6.3 Open Source Aspekte von typeX-press.........................................................................................70 6.4 typeX-press in der Schule............................................................................................................73 7 Resümee........................................................................................................................................74 7.1 Auswertung der Interviews............................................................................................................74 7.2 Zusammenfassung......................................................................................................................77 7.3 Ausblick......................................................................................................................................80 8 Anhang...........................................................................................................................................82 8.1 Interviewleitfaden.........................................................................................................................82 8.2 Transkribierte Interviews..............................................................................................................85 8.2.1 Mag. Florian Wisser.............................................................................................................85 8.2.2 MMag. Rene Schwarzinger ..................................................................................................98 8.2.3 MMag. Marco Delbello .......................................................................................................120 9 Quellenverzeichnis......................................................................................................................127 10 Abbildungsverzeichnis..............................................................................................................132 1 Übersicht 1.1 Kurzfassung In dieser Arbeit wird anhand ausgewählter Texte und Studien erörtert, ob bzw. weshalb, in allgemeinbildenden höheren Schulen, freie Software eingesetzt werden sollte. Erweitert wird die Argumentation durch eine Reihe von Interviews und praktischen Beispielen, welche die Behauptung untermauern, dass der Einsatz von freier Software für Schulen, insbesondere für den Unterricht von Vorteil ist und sowohl die wirtschaftliche
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