The Financial Value of UNESCO Designations to the United Kingdom the National Value of UNESCO Designations to the United Kingdom

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The Financial Value of UNESCO designations to the Chapter n°01 United Kingdom

Chapter 1 p. 38 2020 UNESCO National Value Report p. 39 The Financial Value of UNESCO designations to the United Kingdom The national value of UNESCO designations to the United Kingdom

Published by the UK National Commission for UNESCO May 2020

UK National Commission for UNESCO Secretariat 3 Whitehall Court London SW1A 2EL United Kingdom info@unesco.org.uk www.unesco.org.uk

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Copies: For additional copies, contact the UK National Commission Secretariat

ISBN: 978-0-904608-08-3

The National Value of UNESCO report’s financial data has been independently verified by Ribchester Accountants (DH1 1TW, Durham, UK)

The report draws on the Wider Value+ research ™ methodology. UK00003373610 Chapter 1

p. 42 Introduction p. 66 Key Finding n°03 p. 44 Survey Data p. 70 Tourism p. 46 Survey Respondents Map p. 74 Galleries & Maps p. 48 Key Finding n°01 p. 80 Case Study n°05 London Tourism Sites

Giant’s Causeway UNESCO World UNESCO Trail in Scotland p. 50 Case Study n°01 Heritage Site p. 82 Case Study n°06 p. 52 Key Finding n°02 p. 90 Private Legacies

Frontiers of the Roman Empire, Antonine Wall p. 56 Case Study n°02 UNESCO World Heritage Site p. 92 National Lottery Heritage Fund p. 58 UNESCO World Heritage Sites p. 98 Conclusions p. 60 UNESCO Chairs and UNITWIN Networks

Professor Alison Phipps, UNESCO Chair in Refugee p. 62 Case Study n°03 Integration Through Languages and the Arts

Professor Alan Smith, UNESCO Chair in p. 63 Case Study n°04 Education for Pluralism, Human Rights and

Chapter 1 p. 40 2020 UNESCO National Value Report p. 41 The Financial Value of UNESCO designations to the United Kingdom The Financial Value of UNESCO The Financial Value of UNESCO designations to the Chapter n°01 designations to the United Kingdom United Kingdom

Introduction Key Finding n°01

UNESCO status generated £151 million for UK Mountainous biosphere reserves, multi- designations. cultural cities, university research programmes, and community-led partnerships: the UK’s designations are diverse in their reach, Key Finding n°02 geography and focus. Some designations attract more funding than others.

This chapter explores the financial impact of UNESCO status on 76 of our unique designations across the UK. It uncovers some of the economic Key Finding n°03 benefits and challenges associated with being Governments, tourism, legacies, National Lottery awarded the UNESCO accolade and highlights Heritage Fund are the largest donors. opportunities to release the potential this status offers.

Chapter 1 p. 42 2020 UNESCO National Value Report p. 43 The Financial Value of UNESCO designations to the United Kingdom Who took part in the survey: A detailed insight into Survey Data the designations that helped us.

→ Percentage of respondents per designation type Between January 2018 and April 2019, the UK National Commission for UNESCO surveyed all UNESCO designation coordinators and site managers in the UK, 100% 100% 100% Crown Dependencies and Overseas Territories for the 100%

83% categories shown below.11 They were asked to submit 80%

72% 71% information on their UNESCO designation’s total 75% income and respective funding sources.

50% → The data from the 76 responding designations were then statistically analysed to identify to what extent the UNESCO status helps UNESCO designations to attract funding.

18% 25% o o N of % UNESCO Designation N of UK Designations Respondents Responding

UNESCO World 32 *31 at the time 23 72 Heritage Sites of the survey % 0% *6 at the time of PHYSICAL DESIGNATIONS NON-PHYSICAL DESIGNATIONS UNESCO Biosphere 7 5 83 Reserves the survey %

UNESCO Creative 11 *10 at the time 10 100% UNESCO World UNESCO Creative Intergovernmental UNESCO Chairs and Cities of the survey Heritage Site City Oceanographic UNITWIN Network

23/31 responded 10/10 responded Commission 16/20 responded UNESCO Global 7 5 71 1/1 responded Geoparks %

UNESCO Biosphere UNESCO Global International UNESCO Memory of UNESCO Chairs and 22 *20 at the time 16 80 Reserve Geopark Hydrological the World UNITWIN Network of the survey % 5/6 responded 5/7 responded Programme 15/84 responded 1/1 responded UNESCO Memory of 84 15 18 the World %

Intergovernmental → Participation rate including/excluding UNESCO Memory of the World Oceanographic 1 1 100% Commission

Intergovernmental Hydrological 1 1 100% Programme

Including 76/165 designations Total including Memory *160 at the time 165 76 46 UNESCO Memory 46% of the World of the survey % of the World

Total without Memory 81 61 75% Excluding 61/81 designations of the World UNESCO Memory 75%

*Number does not include Category 2 Centres (1) or Learning Cities (6). The total number of of number total (6). The Cities Learning (1) or 2 Centres Category include not does *Number 172. is categories, two these including designations, UNESCO of the World

11 The designation types targeted include: i) World Heritage Sites, ii) Memory of the World, iii) UNITWIN/ UNESCO Chairs, iv) Biosphere Reserves, v) Global Geoparks, vi) Creative Cities, vii) Interngovernmental Oceanographic Committee and viii) 25% 50% 75% 100% Intergovernmental Hydrological Programme.

Chapter 1 p. 44 2020 UNESCO National Value Report p. 45 The Financial Value of UNESCO designations to the United Kingdom ĺAbout→ Map this Key Map MapMap SurveySurvey RespondantsRespondents UNESCOUNESCO World HeritageHeritage Sites Site UNESCOUNESCO Biosphere Reserves Reserves We contactedWe contacted designations designations all across all the UNESCOUNESCO GlobalGeoparks Geoparks breadthacross and thewidth breadth of the fourand constituentwidth of UNESCOUNESCO Creative Cities Cities nations of the UK. 74 of the 155 UK UNESCO UNESCOUNESCO Memory of of the the World World the four constituent nations of The map of UNESCO designations who responded designations responded. The map of UNESCO designations who responded IntergovernmentalIntergovernmental HydrologyHydrology ProgrammeProgramme the UK. 76 of the 165 UK UNESCO

IntergovernmentalIntergovernmental OceanographicOceanographic Committee to the Wider Value Survey designations responded. UNESCO Chairs

to the Survey MAP KEY UNESCO Chairs MAP KEY ĺMap and Key Facts.

→ Map. Norwich Chair in Adult Literacy Adult in Chair Maritime Greenwich Maritime Chairs in New New in Chairs Forms Media Nottingham Chair in Cultural Property Protection Property Cultural in Chair Chair in Cultural Heritage Cultural in Chair York Brighton & Lewes Brighton Kew Gardens Kew London of Tower Durham Cathedral & Castle Cathedral Durham Neolithic Orkney Neolithic Blenheim Palace Blenheim Chair on Media Freedom Media on Chair Fountains Abbey / Studley Park / Studley Abbey Fountains Edinburgh Creative City Creative Edinburgh Bradford Dundee Creative City Creative Dundee Intergvrmt Intergvrmt Hydrological Programme Derwent Valley Mills Valley Derwent North Pennines North Saltaire Intergovernmental Oceanographic Committee Chair in Water Science Water in Chair Edinburgh Old Edinburgh Town & New Hadrian’s Wall Hadrian’s Stonehenge & Avebury Manchester Forth Bridge Chair in Higher Higher in Chair Education City of Bath City of Antonine Wall Antonine Ironbridge Gorge Chair in Sustainable Sustainable in Chair Development Mountain Liverpool The Lake District Lake The Bristol Blaenavon North West Highlands West North Fforest Fawr Wester Ross Wester Galloway & Southern & Southern Galloway Ayrshire Glasgow Creative City Creative Glasgow Isle of Man of Isle Castles of Edward Ist Edward of Castles Dyfi Chair in Refugee Integration Refugee in Chair Chair in Sustainable Sustainable in Chair Geoenvironment Chair in Globalizing Globalizing in Chair Education a Shared Model Giants Causeway Giants Marble Arch Caves Arch Marble St Kilda

Chapter 1 p. 46 2020 UNESCO National Value Report p. 47 2019 Wider Value Report The Financial ValueChapter of UNESCO designations 01 to the United Kingdom

The Financial Value of UNESCO designations to the United Kingdom Key Finding n°01

76 UNESCO designations in the UK successfully used their UNESCO status to generate an additional £151 million in one year from revenue sources, including through tourism and research funding.12 © Stringerphoto

This figure shows a significant monetary increase since the previous Wider Value of UNESCO to the UK report, which estimated that 93 UNESCO designations ☞ Jodrell Bank Observatory WHS had used their UNESCO status to attract an estimated £100 million in additional income between April 2014 to March 2015.13 We expect the more recent financial figure to be an underestimate for several reasons:

£ £151 million • The £151 million only looks at the ability of UNESCO status to generate additional income for UNESCO designations - it is not a full economic analysis (GVA) at the designation level (see the complementary Giant’s Causeway UNESCO World The UNESCO status adds Heritage Site case study below).

• This figure does not include data from the entire network of UNESCO significant additional financial designations and their partners. value to local areas across • Our survey seeks to examine the direct value of the UNESCO designation status. Other recent studies have illustrated that the economic value of the the UK. UNESCO status exceeds the baseline figure of this report when including the income generated by those who benefit from being affiliated with, or operating within, the UNESCO designation.

12 Income generated January - December 2018

13 United Kingdom National Commission for UNESCO. (2015). Wider Value Of UNESCO To The UK, 2014-15: Contribution of UNESCO to UK Government Policy (London, 2015). Retrieved from https:// unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000244573.

Chapter 1 p. 48 2020 UNESCO National Value Report p. 49 The Financial Value of UNESCO designations to the United Kingdom Case Study n°01

Giant’s Causeway and Causeway Coast UNESCO World Heritage Site – Economic Analysis of Financial Worth

Giant’s Causeway UNESCO World Heritage Site helped to generate £484.26 million for Northern Ireland Causeway Coast and Glens Region in 2017.

With increasing levels of visitor numbers to the UNESCO World Heritage Site in recent years, Ulster University undertook a study in 2019 aiming to measure © Cinematographer the economic contribution and social impact of the UNESCO designation as a major tourist attraction. The survey includes an analysis of the Site’s economic contribution (GVA), its social impact to the region, such as benefits to residents and civic pride, and the potential impacts and risks associated with rapidly growing tourism numbers. It found that the UNESCO accolade has significantly ‘fuelled the Causeway’s tourism popularity’ and had ‘a strong positive impact for the region’ but has also presented ‘potential challenges and threats’ in terms of over-tourism.14

14 Giant’s Causeway. (2019). Giant’s Causeway contribution boosts local economy. Retrieved from: https://www. nationaltrust.org.uk/giants-causeway/news/giants-causeway-contribution-boosts-local-economy. “We are proud to be one of the main employers along the North Coast - we employ 75 full-time staff,

→ Max Bryant, General Manager at the National Trust, responsible for the Giant’s Causeway and Causeway Coast World Heritage Site and Carrick-a-Rede rope bridge.

Chapter 1 p. 51 The Financial Value of UNESCO designations to the United Kingdom Key Finding n°02

The ability of UNESCO designations to use their UNESCO status to attract additional funding varied considerably among the “If we lost it, what would make us different from any designation types. other community organisation? I feel that it gives me more confidence both to be entrepreneurial and to Some UNESCO designations are more successful than others in attracting additional income through their UNESCO status. UNESCO World Heritage Sites write a funding application. It’s not just us that thinks were by far the most prominent beneficiaries - using their UNESCO status to attract up to £131 million in one year. Nonetheless, for the majority, securing we’re special, the UN think that it’s special. It shows you sufficient financial resources remains challenging. UNESCO Chairs followed, with an estimated value captured of £9 million and UNESCO Global Geoparks that you’ve got the outside support - that something which attracted approximately £3.5 million.

Our findings confirm and illustrate that many UNESCO UK designations feel beyond the UK, Europe, globally, has said that ‘We their UNESCO status helps them to set themselves apart from other funding applicants and also boosts their confidence when applying for financial believe that this organisation has the ability to manage support. And our findings are reinforced through other research. For example, a European-wide study by UNESCO in 2015 found that UNESCO designations this heritage and we believe that it’s special.” believed that UNESCO recognition significantly increased their prestige and attracted more funding.16 17 → Dr Laura Hamlet, Geopark Coordinator at the North West Highlands UNESCO Global Geopark Affiliation with UNESCO enhances designation capacity to attract funding. As members of the UNESCO network, UNESCO designations are obliged to pursue a set of policies and objectives which help to advance the designations’ Designations have also argued that the UNESCO status has helped them to management and planning, which in turn enhances their ability to attract develop a clear and precise management plan, with strong partnerships and funding. a clear sense of direction, to offer to potential funding bodies, as illustrated below by Sarah Simmonds, World Heritage Site Partnership Manager at 16 UNESCO. (2016). World heritage in Europe today. Retrieved from https://whc.unesco.org/en/world-heritage-in-eu- Stonehenge and Avebury UNESCO World Heritage Site. rope-today/

17 Hamlet, L. (2019). Wider Value of UNESCO to the UK 2019 Report . United Kingdom National Commission for UNESCO interview, phone call. London.

Chapter 1 p. 52 2020 UNESCO National Value Report p. 53 The Financial Value of UNESCO designations to the United Kingdom → Funding per Designation Type

Funding is not uniformly distributed among designations. UNESCO World Heritage sites dominate the chart and attract by far the most funding, followed by UNESCO Chairs and UNESCO Global Geoparks.

n/a n/a UNESCO Memory of the World Registers

n/a n/a Intergovernmental Hydrological Programme

Intergovernmental £ 100,000.00 0.1% Oceanographic Commission

£ 744,492.50 0.5% UNESCO Biosphere Reserves

£ 2,637,323.00 1.8% UNESCO Creative Cities

£ 4,419,742.84 2.9% UNESCO Global Geoparks ↑ @lenscape_artist Beinn Eighe, The North West Highlands UNESCO Geopark © Pawel ☞ Stonehenge, Avebury and Associated Sites World Heritage Site

£ 9,975,845.00 6.7% UNESCO Chairs “Because we are a UNESCO World Heritage Site, £132,046,876.68 81.1% UNESCO World Heritage Sites we already have a very clear vision and set of aims

0% 25% 50% 75% 100% and policies for the site. […] Our management plan

→ Graph showing the breakdown of the £151 million by UNESCO designation. Funding is not uniformly distributed among designations. UNESCO World Heritage Sites dominate the chart and attract by far most of the funding. ‒ Followed by UNESCO Chairs and UNESCO Global Geoparks. This section excludes £1,352,135 in funding for UNESCO is the direct result of having World Heritage status - Memory of the World Registers as they do not form part of subsequent analysis. we’ve been able to bring together partners to agree TA B L E

DESIGNATION TYPE FUNDING AMOUNT PERCENTAGE their overarching vision and get quite quick access UNESCO World Heritage Sites → £ 132,046,876 → 81.1 % to funds to deliver actions within that management UNESCO Chairs & UNITWIN Networks → £ 9,975,845 → 6.7 %

UNESCO Global Geoparks → £ 4,419,742 → 2.9 % photo by @saltiner 18 UNESCO Creative Cities → £ 2,637,323 → 1.8 % plan.”

UNESCO Biosphere Reserves → £ 744,492 → 0.5 % Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission → £ 100,000 → 0.1 % → Sarah Simmonds, World Heritage Site Partnership Manager at Stonehenge and Avebury UNESCO World Heritage Site Intergovernmental Hydrological Programme → £ 0 → n/a UNESCO Memory of the World Registers → £ 0 → n/a

T OTA L S → £ 149,924,280 → 100.0% 18 Simmonds, S. (2019). Wider Value of UNESCO to the UK 2019 Report, United Kingdom Commission for UNESCO interview, phone call. London.

Chapter 1 p. 54 2020 UNESCO National Value Report p. 55 2019 Wider Value Report The Financial ValueChapter of UNESCO designations 01 to the United Kingdom The Financial Value of UNESCO designations to the United Kingdom Case Study n°02

Frontiers of the Roman Empire, Antonine Wall UNESCO World Heritage Site

The Antonine Wall (part of the transnational UNESCO World Heritage Site Frontiers of the Roman Empire) was awarded £980,000 funding from the National Lottery Heritage Fund in 2019 to kickstart and support the £2.1 million

“Rediscovering the Antonine Wall” project over the next three years.19 Scotland Environment Historic Copyright: © Crown

The project includes a series of capital works (such as themed playparks) to regenerate key areas, alongside a programme of co-curated community projects such as street art workshops with international artists, to engage non-traditional audiences. Patricia Weeks, Deputy Head of World Heritage: Antonine Wall Co-ordinator at Historic Environment Scotland, suggested the © David Hannah UNESCO status played a critical role in attracting funding from the National Lottery Heritage Fund. 20

Overall, several factors influence the ability of UNESCO designations to attract additional income. A designation’s popularity (in and of themselves), designation type, the international and domestic legislative and political “The UNESCO status has certainly helped us framework, geography and location, human capacity and local economy all have an impact and must be taken into consideration when explaining the variation receive funding for the Rediscovering the Antonine in generating additional income. Wall project because our management plan has 19 Weeks, P. (2019) Wider Value of UNESCO to the UK 2019 Report, United Kingdom National Commission for UNESCO interview, phone call. London; West Dunbartonshire Council. (2018). Antonine Wall Project Awarded £980,000 Funding from Na- tional Lottery. Retrieved from https://www.west-dunbarton.gov.uk/council/newsroom/news/2018/oct/antonine-wall-project- awarded-980-000-funding-from-national- lottery/. been used as a basis for the application. The

20 Weeks, P. (2019) Wider Value of UNESCO to the UK 2019 Report, United Kingdom National Commission for UNESCO interview, phone call. London. National Lottery Heritage Fund liked that a steering group had already been set up for the management

☞ Antonine Wall World Heritage Site plan because it showed that a strong partnership was already in place.” 21

→ Patricia Weeks, Deputy Head of World Heritage Antonine Wall Co-ordinator at Historic

© Crown Copyright: Historic Environment Scotland Environment Historic Copyright: © Crown Environment Scotland © Crown Copyright: Historic Environment Scotland Environment Historic Copyright: © Crown 21 Weeks, P. (2019). Wider Value of UNESCO to the UK 2019 Report, United Kingdom National Commission for UNESCO interview, phone call. London

Chapter 1 p. 57 The Financial Value of UNESCO designations to the United Kingdom UNESCO World Heritage Sites

Our findings show that UNESCO Some World Heritage Sites also state that the UNESCO status provides them World Heritage Sites are the with a competitive advantage in attracting further financial resources. Georgina Darroch, World Heritage Site Coordinator at the UNESCO World Heritage Site most successful in using their Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, says: UNESCO status to attract “The designation very much sets us apart from additional funding. the other properties which are in the government

As a signatory to the 1972 Convention concerning the Protection of the World portfolio and for external funders as well... Cultural and Natural Heritage, the UK Government is committed to protecting UNESCO World Heritage Sites in the UK.22 This intergovernmental legal UNESCO designation does add that stamp of agreement, which does not exist for the other UNESCO designation types in this form, ensures that the UK Government acts as the most prominent stakeholder significance. When we are asking for funding either and beneficiary of UNESCO World Heritage Sites.23 For example, the Department for Digital, Culture, Media and Sports (DCMS) Culture White Paper seeks ‘...to from the government or from private sponsors.” set a global standard in the stewardship of World Heritage Sites’. Furthermore, DCMS’ Heritage Statement (2017) states that it will continue to support the protection and promotion of World Heritage Sites, and that it will ‘develop → Georgina Darroch, World Heritage Site Coordinator at the UNESCO World Heritage Site Royal strategies which will ensure that the management and stewardship of our Botanic Gardens, Kew World Heritage Sites is consistent and best practice is shared across the UK’.24

As the most common UNESCO designation with a physical boundary in the UK (32 UNESCO World Heritage Sites, including four in London), World Heritage Sites also rank among the most well-known and most visited UNESCO sites in the UK. As part of a major communications review in 2019, UNESCO found that its work on world heritage is better known than its involvement in other areas of expertise.25 Overall, however, we found that most UNESCO designations, including World Heritage Sites outside key tourist areas, lack sufficient financial resources.26 The next section of this chapter, ‘Key Finding 3’, examines the relationship between tourism and UNESCO designations more closely.

22 UNESCO. (2019). World Heritage Convention. Retrieved from http://whc.unesco.org/en/convention/ge

23 For example, ‘the government is providing £4 million to Jodrell Bank, subject to approval of a sustainable business case, as part of their £20.5 million project to create a new interpretation centre promoting the historically significant sci- 25 ‘While UNESCO’s name was increasingly present in social media and in the mainstream, the content of its programmes was entific work undertaken at this site in Cheshire.’ HM Treasury Autumn Budget 2018 https://assets.publishing.service. gov.uk/ still not sufficiently widely recognized. The representative of DPI recalled that the survey on the image of the Organization government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/661480 /autumn_budget_2017_web.pdf had shown that UNESCO had a valued profile with regard to world heritage, but it needed to engage the public in its involve-

24 Secretary of State for Culture, Media & Sport. (2016).The Culture White Paper. Retrieved from: https://assets.publishing. ment in current debates, for instance through its Creative Cities Programme’. 207 EX/PG/1.INF.3 UNESCO Executive Board: service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/510798/DCMS_The_Culture_Whi te_ Paper__3_. Report of the Preparatory Group 24-25 September 2019 Retrieved from: https://en.unesco. org/executiveboard Retrieved pdf; Department for Digital, Culture, Media & Sport. (2017). Heritage Statement. Retrieved from https:// assets.publishing. from https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000259967 service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/664657/Heritage_ Statement_201 7__final_-_ 26 This resonates with the findings of World Heritage UK’s (November, 2019) Assets for the Future - A Review of the State of web_version_.pdf UK World Heritage Sites. Retrieved from: https://worldheritageuk.org/about/resources/research/

Chapter 1 p. 58 2020 UNESCO National Value Report p. 59 The Financial Value of UNESCO designations to the United Kingdom UNESCO Chairs and UNITWIN Networks

Home to some of the world’s most prestigious and renowned universities and institutions, the

UK has a global reputation for Belfast University © Queen’s ☞ Professor Joanne Hughes, UNESCO Chair on Globalizing a Shared Education Model for Improving Relations in Divided Societies a world-class higher education © University of Durham of © University system. ☞ Professor Robin Coningham, UNESCO Chair in Archaeological Ethics and Practice in Cultural Heritage ☞ Professor Maria Fasli, UNESCO Chair in Analytics and Data Science

Determined to maintain this, the UK Government promotes ‘international collaboration [...] to tackle global challenges’ and ‘to help raise education © University of Essex of © University standards both at home and around the world.’ Its International Education Strategy sets out ‘...to put in place the practical, advisory and promotional support to further strengthen the UK’s position at the forefront of global education and as an international partner of choice for institutions and governments around the world’.27

UNESCO Chairs and UNITWIN Networks are both drivers and beneficiaries of the UK’s reputation and focus on education. The nature of their work - creating and disseminating new knowledge - requires and promotes a vast range of collaborations between research institutions, universities and experts, in the UK and abroad.

Our research shows that UK institutions that have a UNESCO Chair or UNITWIN Network enable a strong and established presence in various countries around the world, which allows them to increase their global impact and reach. Their UNESCO status helps them to unlock research funds and attract ☞ Professor Iain Stewart, UNESCO Chair in Geoscience and Society additional income and other non-financial resources such as human capital and ☞ Professor Rajani Naidoo, UNESCO Chair in Higher Eduation Management information access. We estimate that our survey respondents generated £9 million in funding from their UNESCO status. Both their funding and their status have helped the Chairs and UNITWIN Networks to build partnerships and unlock © University of Plymouth of © University further opportunities. University © Bath

27 Department for International Trade and Department for Education. (2019). International Education Strategy Global Potential, Global Growth. Retrieved from: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/ uploads/ attachment_data/file/799349/International_Education_ Strategy_Accessible.pdf.

p. 60 2020 UNESCO National Value Report Case Study n°03 Case Study n°04

Professor Alison Phipps, UNESCO Chair in Professor Alan Smith, UNESCO Chair in Refugee Integration through Languages and the Education for Pluralism, Human Rights and Arts, University of Glasgow Democracy, Ulster University

The UNESCO Chair in Refugee Integration through Languages and the Arts The UNESCO status helped the UNESCO Chair in Education for Pluralism, Human within the School of Education at the University of Glasgow has attracted a total Rights and Democracy within the School of Education at Ulster University to of £1.56 million in funding and grants since its inception in 2016. Funding has attract £1.5 million from Irish American philanthropist Chuck Feeney - one of gone towards projects such as the Online Palestinian Arabic Course (OPAC), a the highest grants made to the Social Sciences at the university at the time of cross-border collaboration to tackle unemployment and promote intercultural the launch. and multilingual exchanges through the design, development and promotion of a Palestinian Arabic language course grounded in Palestinian culture and 28 heritage. ☞ Refugee Integration Workshop - Adel Salmanzadeh

28 The figure includes externally awarded research, contracts, internal knowledge exchange, project development grants, studentships and internships. From email correspondence with Lauren Roberts, UNESCO Coordinator, Secretariat UNESCO Chair, University of Glasgow. (2019). Refugee Integration through the Languages and the Arts; Retrieved from: https://www. gla.ac.uk/research/az/unesco/researchandengagement/researchprojects/opac/#d. en.584338. Hoogeveen © Bella

☞ Professor Alison Phipps ☞ Pluralism © Bella Hoogeveen © Bella © Ulster University © Ulster University Pluralism © John Owoo Refugee Integration “I would highlight how highly significant the UNESCO Chair was in raising the profile of the work that I was involved with Karen Gordon © Karen Refugee Integration Refugee Integration - Samuel Kwamina Takyi in Northern Ireland through funding that I received shortly after the Chair was officially launched’ Alan tells us. ‘I think

© NTY-STUDIOS Chuck Feeney’s representatives were aware of the work that I was involved in but also realised that the establishment of this UNESCO Chair was an acknowledgement and recognition Pluralism of that work and also raised the profile to a level that you know

we made use of that funding, it gave us tremendous leverage to

engage with other funders and other partners.” 29

→ Professor Alan Smith, UNESCO Chair in Education for Pluralism, Human Rights and Democracy, Ulster University.

29 Smith, A. (2019). Wider Value of UNESCO to the UK 2019 Report, United Kingdom National Commission for UNESCO interview . London.

Chapter 1 p. 65 The Financial Value of UNESCO designations to the United Kingdom → Source of Funding Ranking

The charts shows how the main source of income for all designations is the UK Governments, followed by tourism revenue, private legacies and the National Lottery Heritage Fund. → Source of Funding Ranking Key Finding n°03 The charts shows how the main source of income for all designations is the UK Governments, followed by tourism revenue, private legacies and the National Lottery HeritageUK Fund. Government The UK Governments, tourism, £43,702,940.00 28.9% private legacies and the £40,000,000 UK GovernmentTourism National Lottery Heritage Fund £43,702,940.00£37,313,616.7528.9% 24.7% are the main funding sources of £40,000,000 Tourism UNESCO UK designations. photo by @saltiner £37,313,616.75 24.7% £30,000,000

The UNESCO status helped UNESCO designations attract the most funding from Private Legacies

the UK Governments (29%), the tourism sector (25%), private legacies (16%) photo by @saltiner £23,995,000.00 15.9% and the National Lottery Heritage Fund (NLHF) (13%). Though collectively the £30,000,000 sources of funding for UNESCO designations in the UK are diverse, we found National Lottery Heritage Fund £19,692,857.00 13.0% that some designations rely heavily on one source of funding, while others £20,000,000 Private Legacies benefit from the support of multiple funding bodies. UNESCO Creative Cities 23,995,000.00 15.9 photo by @saltiner £ Local% Authorities have the most diverse sources of funding, while UNESCO Global Geoparks rely £6,318,746.00 4.2% on only a handful of sources. UNESCO World Heritage Sites attract the majority National Lottery Heritage Fund 19,692,857.00 13.0European Union of funding from each of these four funding sources. £ % 6,090,092.88 4.0 £20,000,000 £ %

photo by @saltiner Local Authorities Non-Governmental Organisations £6,318,746.00 4.2% £10,000,000 £6,318,746.00 4.2% Other Public Income

£532,100.00 0.4% European Union Research Councils UK

6,090,092.88 4.0 £ %£3,553,500.00 2.3% Overseas Research Grants

£231,026.00 0.2% ☞ The Lake District World Heritage Site Other Non-Governmental Organisations £1,812,818.00 1.2% United Nations £10,000,000 £6,318,746.004,686,936 3.1 4.2% Other Public Income ☞ Maritime Greenwich World Heritage Site £103,400.00 0.1% £532,100.00 0.4%

@black.sail_ Research Councils UK Overseas Research Grants £0 £3,553,500.00 2.3% Private £Investors231,026.00 0.2% Other £533,371.00 0.4% £1,812,818.00 1.2% United Nations

@oldroyalnavalcollege Teaching £103,400.00 0.1%

£989,744.00 0.7% £0 Universities Private Investors £1,685,300.00 1.6% £533,371.00 0.4%

Teaching

£989,744.00 0.7%

Universities

Chapter 01£1,685,300.001.1 1.6% The Financial Value of UNESCO designations to the United Kingdom

Chapter 1 p. 67 The Financial ValueChapter of UNESCO designations 01 to the United Kingdom

The Financial Value of UNESCO designations to the United Kingdom At £44 million, the UK (including devolved) governments are the main source of funding for UNESCO designations in the UK. Many designations rely on a range of sources, including public bodies and fundraising campaigns. For example, Stonehenge and Avebury UNESCO World Heritage Site has received funding from a variety of public sources including the Wiltshire Council, Historic England and nationally designated funds.30 While some designations are charities (e.g. The Jurassic Coast Trust), others are not. For example, the North West Highlands UNESCO Global Geopark has fundraised in the past by crowdfunding to pay for staff to keep the visitor centre open. They are a social enterprise (registered as a company limited by guarantee), as well as a charity, and their funding comes from donations, private sector sponsorship, European Programme funding and © Kevin earned income from tours. ☞ Durham Castle and Cathedral World Heritage Site

→ 4 main funding sources Wight of Isle © Visit ☞ The Needles, Isle of Wight Biosphere Reserve of UNESCO designations

☞ North Devon Biosphere Reserve

UK Governments 28.9% © Mark 334410851 © Mark Tourism 24.7%

82.4%

Private Legacies 15.9%

NLHF 13.8%

Others 16.7%

30 Simmonds, S. (2019). Wider Value of UNESCO to the UK 2019 Report, United Kingdom National Commission for UNESCO interview. Phone call. London.

☞ North West Highlands Global Geopark

☞ Stonehenge and Avebury World Heritage

The UK is a major tourist destination. The Office for National Statistics International Passenger Survey found that

the UK welcomed almost 38 Fedorenko © Alexey ☞ Giant’s Causeway and Causeway Coast World Heritage Site million inbound visitors with an © James 326751044 ☞ English Lake District World Heritage Site estimated spend of more than World Heritage Sites’ well-established business tourism model partly influences £22 billion in 2018. this statistic - no other designation type has a tourist-based strategy as well developed.34 It is also likely that the integration of World Heritage Sites into national tourism campaigns such as Find Your Great Britain has helped to boost their popularity and awareness among visitors.35 World Heritage Sites are VisitBritain estimates that the financial value of tourism in England alone was particularly popular among international tourists. Max Bryant explains this in £106 billion in 2017, which includes both direct and indirect impacts.31 Lonely the case of UNESCO World Heritage Site Giant’s Causeway: Planet named England the world’s second-best tourist destination in 2020 because of its “timeless treasures”.32

Unsurprisingly, therefore, tourism is also a key source of income for UNESCO “It appears that the World Heritage designation is designations in the UK. The Association of Leading Visitor Attractions (ALVA) found that UNESCO World Heritage Sites ranked among the most visited increasingly important for some people, particularly attractions in 2018, and listed seven among the UK’s top 50.33 Our data confirms that World Heritage Sites seem to be particularly successful at using those from some of the emerging markets such as the UNESCO status to generate additional income through tourism - accounting for 98.68% of the overall tourism income of the 76 UNESCO designations in the China, where World Heritage status adds to that survey data. tick box photo opportunity.”36 31 VisitBritain.(2019).The value of tourism in England, Retrieved from: https://www.visitbritain.org/value-tourism- england; VisitBritain. (2019). 2018 Snapshot. Retrieved from: https://www.visitbritain.org/2018-snapshot

32 The Guardian. (2019). Lonely Planet names England the World’s second best tourist destination. Retrieved from: https:// → Max Bryant, General Manager, Giant's Causeway World Heritage Site www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2019/oct/22/lonely-planet-names-england-the-worlds-second-best-tourist- destina- tion-in-2020?CMP=Share_iOSApp_Other.

33 Please note that all ALVA figures listed only include visitor attractions in 2018 that are in membership with the Associa- 34 UNESCO and National Geographic. (2019). World Heritage Journeys of Europe. Retrieved from: https:// visitworldherit- tion of Leading Visitor Attractions. age.com/en/eu;UNESCO.(2019). SustainableTourism:UNESCOWorldHeritageandSustainableTourism Programme. Retrieved- from:https://whc.unesco.org/en/tourism/

35 VisitBritain. (2019). World Heritage Sites. Retrieved from: https://www.visitbritain.com/gb/en/world-heritage-sites

36 Bryant, M. (2019). Wider Value of UNESCO to the UK 2019 Report, United Kingdom National Commission for UNESCO interview, phone call. London.

Chapter 1 p. 70 2020 UNESCO National Value Report p. 71 The Financial Value of UNESCO designations to the United Kingdom → → Tourist → Tourist→ →Tourist Tourist Touristvisits visits visitsvisits tovisits toUK to UKtoUNESCO to UKUNESCOUK UK UNESCOUNESCO WorldUNESCO World World World HeritageWorld Heritage HeritageHeritage Heritage Sites Sites Sites SitesinSites in2018 in 2018inin 2018 20182018

A graphA graphAA showinggraph graphThe showing showinggraph showing the the visits shows thevisits the made visits visits themade to made substantialmade UNESCO to UNESCO to to UNESCO UNESCO World difference World HeritageWorld World Heritage Heritagein Heritage Sitestourism Sites in Sites 2018.Sites innumbers 2018. in in The 2018. 2018. The graph to The graphThe UNESCO graph graph World showsshows showstheshows the Heritagesubstantial the substantialthe substantial substantial Sites difference differencein thedifference difference United in tourismin tourismin Kingdom.in tourism tourism numbers numbers Datanumbers numbers to taken UNESCOto UNESCOto to from UNESCO UNESCO World the World WorldSTEAM HeritageWorld Heritage Heritage ModelHeritage and the Association of Leading Visitor Attractions annual survey of its members. SitesSites inSites Sitesthe in the Unitedin in theUnited the United Kingdom.United Kingdom. Kingdom. Kingdom. Data Data taken Data Data taken fromtaken taken from the from from the STEAM theSTEAM the STEAM ModelSTEAM Model Modeland Model and the and the andAssociation theAssociation the Association Association

photo by @saltiner photo by @saltiner photo by @saltiner photo by @saltiner of Leadingof Leadingofof Leading Leading Visitor Visitor Visitor AttractionsVisitor Attractions Attractions Attractions annual annual annual surveyannual survey survey ofsurvey itsof members.its of of members.its its members. members.

St KildaSt Kilda StSt Kilda Kilda 5000 5000 50005000

AntonineAntonine AntonineWallAntonine Wall Wall Wall 100,000100,000100,000100,000

The ForthThe ForthThe BridgeThe Forth BridgeForth Bridge Bridge 100,000100,000100,000100,000

BlaenavonBlaenavonBlaenavon BlaenavonIndustrial Industrial Industrial Industrial © Wendy Hamlet © Wendy LandscapeLandscapeLandscapeLandscape 200,000200,000200,000200,000 ☞ Stac Pollaidh, guided walk. North West Highlands Global Geopark

HeartHeart of NeolithicHeart ofHeart Neolithic of of OrkneyNeolithic Neolithic Orkney Orkney Orkney 250,000250,000250,000250,000

NewNew Lanark NewLanarkNew Lanark Lanark 300,000300,000300,000300,000

@igersbath PontcysylltePontcysylltePontcysylltePontcysyllte 300,000300,000300,000300,000 ☞ City of Bath World Heritage Site AqueductAqueductAqueduct &Aqueduct Canal & Canal & & Canal Canal

SaltaireSaltaireSaltaireSaltaire 350,000350,000350,000350,000

Tourism also plays a significant role for other UNESCO designations which are StudleyStudley RoyalStudleyStudley Royal Park Royal ParkRoyal Park Park & the& Ruins the& Ruins& the of the Ruins Ruinsof of of 420,000420,000420,000420,000 FountainsFountainsFountains AbbeyFountains Abbey Abbey Abbey all encouraged to build and strengthen a long-lasting relationship with their DerwentDerwent ValleyDerwentDerwent Valley Mills Valley ValleyMills Mills Mills 570,000570,000570,000570,000 audiences.37 For example, the North West Highlands UNESCO Global Geopark, GwyneddGwyneddGwynedd CastlesGwynedd Castles & Castles Castles & & & home of Europe’s oldest rocks, uses geo-tourism to attract visitors. Its Geotrail TownTown WallsTown WallsTown of King Walls ofWalls King of of King King 580,000580,000580,000580,000 EdwardGorgeEdwardGorgeEdwardGorgeEdwardGorge

Coigach and multi-day long geo-tours involve trained staff taking visitors on DurhamDurham CastleDurhamDurham Castle & Castle Castle & & & CathedralCathedralCathedralCathedral 720,000720,000720,000720,000 excursions to interpret the park’s geology.38 Tourism is also a key focus of CanterburyCanterburyCanterburyCanterbury Cathedral Cathedral Cathedral Cathedral Creative Cities as well as of Biosphere Reserves. For instance, Dundee UNESCO & Related& Related& Sites& Related Related Sites Sites Sites 875,000875,000875,000875,000

Creative City of Design welcomes an average of 4 million visitors per year, BlenheimBlenheimBlenheim PalaceBlenheim Palace Palace Palace 920,000920,000920,000920,000

and the Galloway & Southern Ayrshire UNESCO Biosphere Reserve attracts photo by @saltiner photo by @saltiner photo by @saltiner photo by @saltiner GiantGiant’s CausewayGiant’sGiant Causeway’s’ sCauseway Causeway 1 Million1 Million1 1Million Million approximately 850,000 visitors annually.39 PalacePalace of PalaceWestminsterPalace of Westminster of of Westminster Westminster 1.5 Million1.5 Million1.51.5 Million Million & Related& Related& Sites& Related Related Sites Sites Sites

Overall, however, research shows that people’s awareness of UNESCO Stonehenge,Stonehenge,Stonehenge,Stonehenge, Ave bAve u r y bAve& uAve r y b& ub ru y r y& & 1.5 Million1.5 Million1.51.5 Million Million designations in the UK is generally low and that some are more well-known than AssociatedAssociatedAssociatedAssociated Sites Sites Sites Sites LiverpoolLiverpoolLiverpool MaritimeLiverpool Maritime Maritime Maritime others. A survey on the public perception of UNESCO sites by VisitScotland in MercantileMercantileMercantile MercantileCity City City City 1.8 Million1.8 Million1.81.8 Million Million

2019 found that only 30% of respondents were aware of UNESCO designations RoyalRoyal BotanicRoyal BotanicRoyal Botanic Botanic Gardens,Gardens, Gardens,KewGardens, Kew Kew Kew 1.8 Million1.8 Million1.81.8 Million Million and for the majority, the UNESCO status did not influence their decision to HadrianHadrian'sHadrian WallHadrian's Wall's' sWall Wall 2 Million2 Million2 2Million Million visit a particular site.40 Clear branding guidelines, national campaigns to raise their profile, and more opportunities to learn from and with each other could MaritimeMaritime MaritimeGreenwichMaritime Greenwich Greenwich Greenwich 2.6 Million2.6 Million2.62.6 Million Million help designations to use the UNESCO brand more effectively and attract more TowerTower of TowerLondonTower of London of of London London 2.8 Million2.8 Million2.82.8 Million Million visitors and funding. Old &Old New &Old NewOld Towns & & NewTowns New of Towns Towns of of of EdinburghEdinburghEdinburghEdinburgh 4 Million4 Million4 4Million Million

City Cityof Bath ofCityCity Bath of of Bath Bath 4.5 Million4.5 Million4.54.5 Million Million

37 For examples, please refer to the next chapter. The EnglishThe EnglishTheThe Lake English English Lake Lake Lake 38 North West Highlands UNESCO Global Geopark, (2019). Retrieved from: https://www.nwhgeopark.com. DistrictDistrictDistrictDistrict 15 Million15 Million1515 Million Million

39 UK National Commission for UNESCO (2016). Wider Value of UNESCO to the UK: UNESCO in Scotland. Retrieved from: DorsetDorset & DorsetEastDorset & East & & East East https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000247064 DevonDevon CoastDevonDevon Coast Coast Coast 15 Million15 Million1515 Million Million

40 Respondents were visitors from the UK and Ireland. VisitScotland, Insight Department, Awareness of UNESCO SITES IN Scotland. UK& Ireland markets consumer research, May 2019. 0 0 0 0 5 Million5 Million5 5Million Million 10 Million10 Million1010 Million Million 15 Million15 Million1515 Million Million

→ →Data → Datafrom→ Datafrom theData Association fromthe from Association the the Association Association of Leading of Leading of Visitorof Leading Leading Visitor Attractions Visitor VisitorAttractions Attractions Attractions (ALVA) (ALVA) and (ALVA) STEAM(ALVA)and STEAM and and STEAM STEAM

ChapterChapterChapterChapterChapter 01 1 01 0101 p. 72 2020 UNESCO National Value Report p. 73 The Financial Value of UNESCO designations to the United Kingdom The FinancialThe FinancialTheThe ValueFinancial Financial Value of UNESCO Value ofValue UNESCO of of designationsUNESCO UNESCO designations designations designations to to to to the Unitedthe Unitedthe Kingdomthe United United Kingdom Kingdom Kingdom

North Devon Biosphere Reserve @jarveye

English Lake District World Heritage Site

Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, World Heritage Site © igersbath

St Kilda World Heritage Site Stonehenge and Avebury World Heritage Site © Andrzej @igersbath

Castle of King Edward I World Heritage Site

Blaenavon World Heritage Site © Jason_Wells Liverpool - Maritime Mercantile City World Heritage Site © bridgeendboy

Ironbridge Gorge World Heritage Site @daveellins @anam.idriss Canterbury Cathedral World Heritage Site

☞ GeoMôn Global Geopark © Karen Mandau

Manchester Creative City of Literature Jodrell Bank Observatory World Heritage Site © Ivan Waddesdon © Fstopphotography

Durham Castle and Cathedral World Heritage Site © SreeM Tourism numbers to UNESCO World Heritage Sites → The Maps The UK UNESCO World Heritage Sites are signif icant tourism assets but in many respects Tourismin comparison numbers to otherto UNESCO regional World visitor Heritage attractions. Sites → The Maps are, as yet, not fully recognised as this. Tourism is the fastest growing industry in the UK and The UK UNESCO World Heritage Sites are signif icant tourism assets but in many respects →Tourismin comparisonAnnual data numbers from toVisitEngland otherto UNESCO regional and STEAM World -visitor 2018 Heritage attractions. Sites growth is expected to continue. It is worth £126.9 billion→ The annually. Maps are, as yet, not fully recognised as this. Tourism is the fastest growing industry in the UK and The UK UNESCO World Heritage Sites are signif icant tourism assets but in many respects →Tourismin comparisonAnnual data numbers from toVisitEngland otherto UNESCO regional and STEAM World -visitor 2018 Heritage attractions. Sites growth is expected to continue. It is worth £126.9 billion→ The annually. Maps are, as yet, not fully recognised as this. Tourism is the fastest growing industry in the UK and N.W. & WALES The UK UNESCO World Heritage Sites are signif icant tourismN.E. assets MOST VISITED but in many respects →in comparisonAnnual data from toVisitEngland other regional and STEAM -visitor 2018 attractions. growth is expected to continue. It is worth £126.9 billion annually. The Lake District are, as yet, not fully recognised as this. Tourism is the fastest growingStudley industryRoyal Royal Park Park in theand the UK the Ruins and N.W. & WALES N.E. MOST VISITED 15.0 M visitors → Annual→ data from VisitEngland and STEAM - 2018 Frontiers of the growth is expected to continue. It isRuinsof worth Fountains of £126.9 Fountains Abbey billion Abbey annually.World The Lake District Roman Empire / Studley Royal Park the Ruins N.W. & WALES Hadrian's Wall WorldHeritageN.E. MOST Heritage VISITED Site Site → 15.0 M visitors Frontiers of the 2.0M of→ 420Fountains K visitors Abbey World The Lake District Roman Empire / Studley Royal Park the Ruins N.W. & WALES Hadrian's Wall HeritageN.E. MOST VISITED Site 15.0 M visitors → Frontiers of the of→ 420Fountains K visitors Abbey World 2.0M Durham Castle The Lake District Roman Empire / Studley Royal Park the Ruins Hadrian's Wall & Cathedral Heritage Site → 15.0 M visitors Frontiers of the 2.0M 720K of→ 420Fountains K visitors Abbey World Roman Empire / Durham Castle Hadrian's Wall & Cathedral Heritage Site 720K → 420 K visitors 2.0M Durham Castle & Cathedral → @davemasseyphotography 720K Durham Castle & Cathedral The Lake District WHS : 15.0M → @davemasseyphotography → @geordielens 720K

ManchesterThe Lake District City : 11.0 WHS M : 15.0M → @davemasseyphotography → York @geordielens : 6.9 M

*TheManchesterThe @davemasseyphotographycity ofLake Manchester District City is a :UNESCO 11.0 WHS M City: 15.0M of Literature, → Derwent →*The York @geordielens city of : York6.9 is M a UNESCO City of Media Arts, and is and is part of the UK network of designations. Valley Mills part of the UK network of designations.

*TheSnowdoniaManchesterThe city ofLake Manchester District : City4.2 is a M :UNESCO 11.0 WHS M City: 15.0M of Literature, 570K Derwent →*The YorkNational @geordielens city of : York6.9 is MRailway a UNESCO CityMuseum of Media : 830K Arts, and is and is part of the UK network of designations. Valley Mills part of the UK network of designations.

*TheChesterSnowdoniaManchester city of Manchester Zoo : City4.2: is1.9M a M :UNESCO 11.0 M City of Literature, 570K Maritime Liverpool Derwent *TheYorkNationalSaltaire city of : York6.9 :is MRailway 350 a UNESCO K CityMuseum of Media : 830K Arts, and is and is part of the UK network of designations. 2.8M Valley Mills part of the UK network of designations.

*TheChesterSnowdonia city of Manchester Zoo : 4.2: is1.9M a M UNESCO City of Literature, 570K Maritime Liverpool Derwent *TheNationalSaltaire city of York :isRailway 350 a UNESCO K CityMuseum of Media : 830K Arts, and is and is part of the UK network of designations. 2.8M Valley Mills part of the UK network of designations.

ChesterSnowdonia Zoo : 4.2: 1.9M M Maritime Liverpool 570K S.W. & WALES NationalSaltaireSOUTH EAST :Railway 350 K Museum : 830K 2.8M Ironbridge ChesterCity Zoo of :Bath 1.9M Maritime Liverpool Maritime Greenwich S.W. & WALES Gorge SaltaireSOUTH EAST : 350 K → 4.5 M visitors 2.8M → 2.6 M visitors 1M City of Bath Ironbridge Maritime Greenwich S.W. & WALES Gorge SOUTH EAST → 4.5 M visitors → 2.6 M visitors 1M City of Bath Ironbridge Maritime Greenwich S.W. & WALES Gorge SOUTH EAST Blaenavon Blenheim Palace → 4.5 M visitors → 2.6 M visitors 1M 920 K City of Bath 200K Ironbridge Maritime Greenwich Gorge Blaenavon Blenheim Palace → 4.5 M visitors → 2.6 M visitors 1M 920 K 200K

Blaenavon Blenheim Palace 920 K 200K → @brilliantbath Blaenavon Blenheim Palace → @lenscape_artist 920 K 200K Dorset→ @brilliantbath & East Devon Coast : 15 M → Tate @lenscape_artist Modern : 5.8 M

DorsetBrecon & EastBeacons Devon4.1M Coast : 15 M TateBrighton Modern Pier: 5.84.8 M M → @brilliantbath : Tower of London → @lenscape_artist : Stonhenge 2.8 M 1.5M DorsetBrecon & EastBeacons Devon4.1M Coast : 15 M BrightonTate Modern Pier: 5.84.8 M M *The→ @brilliantbathboundaries of the Fforest : Fawr UNESCO Geopark Tower of London *The→ @lenscape_artistBrighton Pier is located : within the Brighton and Stonhenge closly follow the Brecon Beacons National Park Lewes Downs UNESCO Biosphere boundaries. 2.8 M boundaries. 1.5M DorsetBrecon & EastBeacons Devon4.1M Coast : 15 M BrightonTate Modern Pier: 5.84.8 M M *The boundaries of the Fforest : Fawr UNESCO Geopark Tower of London *TheRoyal Brighton Botanic Pier is located :Gardens, within the KewBrighton : 2.8 and M Dartmoor National Park : 2.5 M Stonhenge closly follow the Brecon Beacons National Park Lewes Downs UNESCO Biosphere boundaries. 2.8 M boundaries. 1.5M Canterbury Cathedral Brecon Beacons 4.1M Brighton Pier 4.8 M *The boundaries of the Fforest : Fawr UNESCO Geopark Tower of London *TheRoyalWestminster Brighton Botanic Pier is located& :Gardens,Related within the Sites KewBrighton : :2.8 1.5Mand M EdenDartmoor Project National : 1 M Park : 2.5 M Stonhenge 875 K closly follow the Brecon Beacons National Park Lewes Downs UNESCO Biosphere boundaries. 2.8 M boundaries. 1.5M Canterbury Cathedral *The boundaries of the Fforest Fawr UNESCO Geopark *TheRoyalWestminster Brighton Botanic Pier is located& Gardens,Related within the Sites KewBrighton : :2.8 1.5Mand M EdenDartmoor Project National : 1 M Park : 2.5 M 875 K closly follow the Brecon Beacons National Park Lewes Downs UNESCO Biosphere boundaries. boundaries. Canterbury Cathedral RoyalWestminster Botanic & Gardens,Related Sites Kew : :2.8 1.5M M Dartmoor National Park : 2.5 M Eden Project : 1 M 875 K Chapter 1 p. 78 20192020 UNESCOWider National Value Value ReportReport Chapter 01 p. 79 Canterbury CathedralThe Financial Value of UNESCO designations to the United Kingdom The Financial Value of UNESCO designationsWestminster to & Related Sites : 1.5M Eden Project : 1 M 875 K 2019 Wider Value Report Chapterthe United Kingdom 01

The Financial Value of UNESCO designations to 2019 Wider Value Report Chapterthe United Kingdom 01

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Richmond photo by @saltiner photo by @saltiner photo by @saltiner Attractions (ALVA) and STEAM and (ALVA) Attractions Data from the Association of Leading Visitor Visitor Leading of Association the from Data Visitor Leading of Association the from Data Visitor Leading of Association the from Data

→ → → MertonMertonMerton

KingstonKingstonKingston uponuponupon photo by @saltiner Data from the Association of Leading Visitor Visitor Leading of Association the from Data CroydonCroydonCroydon BromleyBromleyBromley 201920192019 WiderWiderWider ValueValueValue ReportReportReport→ ThamesThamesThames Merton ChapterChapterChapter 010101 Kingston upon TheTheThe Financial FinancialFinancial Value ValueValue of ofof UNESCO UNESCOUNESCO designations designationsdesignations to toto Croydon thethethe United UnitedUnited Kingdom KingdomKingdomBromley 2019 Wider Value Report Thames Chapter 01 The Financial Value of UNESCO designations to the United Kingdom Case Study n006

The UNESCO National Trail in Scotland

→ Map and key facts. photo by @saltiner The UNESCO National Trail in Scotland is a new digital trail to be launched by the © Sanyok UK National Commission for UNESCO in partnership with VisitScotland and UNESCO Scotland designations. The digital trail will connect 13 UNESCO designations in Scotland to enhance the economic and social well-being of their respective local areas through sustainable tourism. It is the first trail that brings together UNESCO → Key World Heritage Sites, Biosphere Reserves, Global Geoparks and Creative Cities, UNESCO World Heritage Site encouraging visitors to stay longer and spend more locally, improving, in turn, the UNESCO Biosphere Reserves quality of life of those communities.41 UNESCO Global Geoparks UNESCO Creative Cities

41 Giancarlo Fedeli and Linda Cigurova, Moffat Centre for Business Development, UNESCO National Trail of Scotland: Evidence-based Practice and Development Potential, 10 June 2019.

→ About

The idea of promoting the UNESCO @visitorkney brand in Scotland is supported by the Cabinet Secretary for Culture, Tourism and External photo by @saltiner © Martin Hahn © Martin Affairs Fiona Hyslop MSP and the chair of VisitScotland John Thurso. The Scottish designations photo by @saltiner of UNESCO, including 2 Biosphere Reserves, 3 Creative Cities, 2 Global Geoparks and 6 World Heritage Sites have agreed to form a UNESCO trail across the country, which constitutes a global first. It will also for the first time show a collaboration between the different spheres of UNESCO - in particular displaying a cognitive link between

@artofordinary the natural and cultural heritage of Scotland.

p. 83 2019 Wider Value Report Chapter 01

The Financial Value of UNESCO designations to the United Kingdom photo by @saltiner photo by @saltiner @travelwitness 1

1 photo by @saltiner Wester Ross @vichie81 5 Castles, history, fairy glens, ForthThe Forth Bridge Bridge 1 mountains, beaches and some of One of the world’s most magnificent cantilever the UK’s most scenic and least- © HuftonCrow bridges, and a powerful symbol of Britain’s populated areas. 2 2 industrial, scientific, architectural and transport Dundee heritage. Design is an integral part of the city’s contemporary creative scene and economy, with expertise in fashion and textile, art and jewellery. The UNESCO trail in Scotland will be a digital asset, reachable by interested parties and prospective tourists from all across the globe. It aims to increase the value of visitors to the sites, increase geographic spread amongst visitors to Scottish UNESCO designations, engage and

2 involve local communities, promote UNESCO’s goals and Built on the orders of Emperor Antoninus Pius in AD142, the epic 63-km- values as well as encourage and champion sustainable long Antonine Wall was the limit of one of the greatest empires history has known. 3 tourism policies. 5

Antonine Wall Home to the world’s largest 3 industrial village at the start of the 4 1800s, New Lanark also strove to The UNESCO Trail in Scotland is aligned with public agencies in its approach, as build a better society by improving The UNESCO Trail in Scotland is aligned with public agencies in its approach, the health, education and well- as well asas wellwith as the with Scottish the Scottish Government’s Government’s National National Performance Performance Framework Framework being of its workers. andand it aims its aims to reduce to reduce inequalities inequalities and to and give to equal give equal importance importance to economic, to economic, New Lanark environmentalenvironmental and and social social progress. progress. History, History, heritage heritage and landscape and landscape are already are already

photo by @saltiner 4 4 a signifcanta significant part of part the of visitor the visitor experience experience in Scotland. in Scotland. VisitScotland VisitScotland research research indicatesindicates that that there there is a istourism a tourism focus focus on Edinburgh on Edinburgh and otherand other cities cities that actthat as act as

© TreasureGalore transporttransport hubs, hubs, and and the the UNESCO UNESCO trail trail is isan an opportunity opportunity to to encourage encourage visitors visitors to to stay staylonger longer and and visit visit other other areas areas of ofScotland. Scotland. © Crown Copywright, Historic Environment Scotland Environment Historic Copywright, © Crown photo by @saltiner

Chapter 1 p. 85 2019 Wider Value Report The Financial ValueChapter of UNESCO designations 01 to the United Kingdom

The Financial Value of UNESCO designations to the United Kingdom photo by @saltiner photo by @saltiner 1 © Stephen_Boyd North West Highlands © evenfh photo by @saltiner © corlaffra 4 2 Located in the far north of the 2 Edinburgh St Kilda Scottish Highlands, this Geopark 1 The extraordinary contrast is home to the oldest rocks in the One of the toughest and most between the winding United Kingdom. unforgiving places on the planet. medieval Old Town and the The last community of 36 people structured and planned were evacuated in 1930 after streets of the New Town 4,000 years of continuous human of Edinburgh is what occupation. makes this city unique and unrivalled in Europe.

The UNESCO National Trail in Scotland will tell the authentic story of Scotland in a way that is progressive, pioneering and inclusive. This aligns with the UNESCO values and ethos that encourage partnership work based on the pillars of peace, education and sustainability.

The project aims to position Scotland as a place Widely recognized as a major international musical centre, Glasgow is the musical that celebrates, champions & offers world-leading capital of Scotland, and is the largest music educational, scientific, cultural and sustainable economy in the UK after London. Home to just 95,000 people, tourism via UNESCO. It will sustain and enact national Glasgow 3 4 Galloway and Southern Ayrshire hosts some of the finest examples strategies and build upon the momentum of the 33 of wildlife areas in Europe. preceding themed years that have taken place in Galloway & South ern Scotland, such as its year of History, Heritage and

Archaeology in 2017 which was a great success. It will © Leonid Andronov Ayrshire bring new audiences, celebrating the historical past, 5 photo by @saltiner looking at present and future sustainable growth in © Walkerlee an outward looking, welcoming and innovative way. 5

2019 Wider Value Report Chapter 01 photo by @saltiner The Financial Value of UNESCO designations to the United Kingdom “In the UK, our UNESCO sites tend to be quite small organisations. There’s a lot of self-motivation from the volunteers and the staff. And very little in terms of HR and things like that. So, peer-to-peer support is absolutely imperative. That’s the thing that gets you through the day. If you really struggle and you need to go somewhere and get some help or advice: we’ve got other people [in geoparks] that we can talk to right across the world. So whatever challenge it is that you’re facing somebody else has probably dealt with something similar and so we meet twice a year, we talk to each other. In the UK, we have our annual meeting. So that means you get to know people and you get to know what they’ve dealt with. You’ve got a network of people you can go to. We all talk to each other, we give each other advice, we support each other. It’s intangible but it’s so important.”

Hamlet, L. (2019). Wider Value of UNESCO to the UK 2019 Report. United Hamlet,Kingdom L.Commission (2019). Widerfor UNESCO Value interview.of UNESCO toPhone the Call.UK 2019 London. Report. United 2019 Wider Value Report Chapter Chapter01 1 p. 88 Kingdom Commission for UNESCO interview. Phone Call. London. p. 89 The Financial Value of UNESCO designations to the United Kingdom 2019 Wider Value Report The FinancialChapter Value of UNESCO 01 designations to The Financial theValue United of UNESCO Kingdom designations to the United Kingdom Private Legacies

Private legacies provide the third most important source of funding for UNESCO designations in the UK.

A study by Smee & Ford Wilmington plc on 2018 legacy trends in the UK identified © pbnash1964 a significant trend toward wills containing charitable donations. They estimated ☞ North Devon Biosphere Reserve the worth of charitable estates in 2017 at £17.9 billion and the legacy income of charities at more than £2.8 billion. Cancer Research UK and the National

Trust were among the top 25 charitable organisations with the highest legacy @therealjamespotter ☞ Studley Royal Park including Fountains Abbey World Heritage Site income. UNICEF-UK was one of the top 10 organisations with the greatest yearly increase between 2016-2017 (129%).42 These findings demonstrate not only ☞ English Lake District World Heritage Site the financial impact of private legacies but also their potential as a source of additional income for UNESCO designations in the future. @Johnedwardjames

42 Wilmington Charities. (2018). Legacy Trends 2018: Discovering potential through data. Retrieved from: https:// spotlight. wilmingtononline.co.uk/docs/images/Legacy%20Trends%202018%20update_936.pdf. p. 3-8

☞ Old and New Towns of Edinburgh World Heritage Site

☞ Giant’s Causeway and Causeway Coast World Heritage Site @albaimagery @twistedtreetravel ☞ English Riveria Global Geopark © Melanie Border © Melanie NLHF

National Lottery Heritage Fund: Grants within UNESCO World Heritage Site Boundaries

The NHLF is not only the UK’s ‘largest dedicated funder of heritage,’ like UNESCO it also defines heritage very broadly. It is therefore not surprising that it is one of the main funding bodies for UNESCO designations in the UK.43 For example,

the NHLF supported 988 projects within the boundaries of 24 UNESCO World Stock © Adobe ☞ Blaenavon Industrial Landscape World Heritage Site Heritage Sites in the UK with a total of £566m invested between 1 April 1994

and 31 March 2018. Adam Tyson, Policy and Public Affairs Manager at the NHLF, @katiebwrites ☞ Derwent Valley Mills World Heritage Site tells us that the UNESCO accolade helps as a marker of significance in the NHLF application assessment process.44 The analysis on the following pages is limited to observing NLHF funding trends within the boundaries of UNESCO World Heritage Sites from 1994 to “Though designation is not a requirement for support, 2018. The initial analysis illustrates a positive trend between inscription onto the UNESCO World Heritage List and an increase in funding. Future analysis it is often a useful indicator of the significance of could investigate individual NLHF grant applications to determine whether “UNESCO status” was a primary contributing factor in awarding a specific NLHF an object, collection, structure, site or other asset. grant. Future research methods to determine whether UNESCO status was a contributing factor could include the completion of in-depth interviews with Applicants will often cite designation when describing World Heritage Site managers, grant-makers and other stakeholders involved in the process of heritage grant-giving. While the UNESCO 1972 Convention the importance of the heritage for which they are has remained unaltered, the Convention’s operational guidelines have evolved to take into account new considerations/ emerging issues when determining seeking support. National Lottery Heritage Fund staff Outstanding Universal Value. For example, this includes an increased focus on climate-related issues, cultural landscapes, and community and indigenous and decision makers recognise the value of designation populations’ representation in decision-making. More detailed content analysis of each NLHF grant could also provide valuable information regarding how the and will take it into account during the assessment changing nature of inscription criteria has been reflected in successive NLHF grant funding. When exploring the data, it is important to remember that the 45 process.” process for inscription onto the World Heritage List can often take up to ten years.

Adam Tyson, Policy and Public Affairs Manager, London and the South at NLHF. → 43 The National Lottery Heritage Fund. (2019). What do we do. Retrieved from: https://www.heritagefund.org.uk/ about/what-we-do.

44 Tyson, A. (2019). Wider Value of UNESCO to the UK 2019 Report, United Kingdom National Commission for UNESCO interview Email. London.

45 Tyson, A. (2019). Wider Value of UNESCO to the UK 2019 Report, United Kingdom National Commission for UNESCO interview Email. London

Chapter 1 p. 92 2020 UNESCO National Value Report p. 93 The Financial Value of UNESCO designations to the United Kingdom Antonine Wall UNESCO World Heritage Site → It is difficult to PontcysylltePontcysyllte Aqueduct Aqueduct and Canal and UNESCO Canal UNESCO World HeritageWorld Heritage Site Site → Before→ inscription, Before inscription, → NLHF funding within the boundary of the WHS suggest that World Heritage → NLHF funding→ NLHF withinfunding the within boundary the boundaryof the WHS of the WHS funding wasfunding made was to themade to the status would have been a AqueductAqueduct itself for upkeepitself for upkeep significant influence in the (£45,000.(£45,000. 2007). These 2007). These funding of the Townscape funds mayfunds have maybeen have in been in 1.6, M Heritage Initiative in 1M 1M line with theline conservationwith the conservation £ 891,000£ 891,000 Bo’ness (£1,325,000. 2002) requirementsrequirements of WH status of WH status £ 1.325.000, , and Kirkintilloch Town Hall £ 728,000£ 728,000 and the approachingand the approaching date date 1.2M, Renewal Project (£708,100. 750k 750k of inscription.of inscription. Otherwise Otherwise 2013) grants. However, grants fundedgrants to funded the to the WHS inscription £ 534,300£ 534,300 WHS inscriptionWHS inscription significant funding that AqueductAqueduct are difficult are to difficult to £ 752.900, £ 418,400£ 418,400 800k was granted in 2001 500k 500k attribute attributeto the nomination to the nomination (£371,000) to the Peel Park or inscriptionor inscription of the site of the site

Restoration may infer a £ 35.100, £ 35.100 onto the WHonto list. the WH list. 371.000, £ 47,570 £ 47,570 400k £ relationship to the World 250k 250k £ 32.700, £ 184.300, £ 25,000 £ 25,000 £ 10.000, £ 10.000 142.000 Heritage List - since the £ , £ 9.700, £ 54,100 £ 54,100 10.000, remains of the Antonine 4,911 4,911 £ 10.900, ££10.9009.900, £ 9.900 £ 23.200, £ £ 4,925 £ 4,925 £ £ Wall run directly through 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 the Park. 94 95 9694 9795 989699970098 0199 0200 0301 0402 0503 0604 0705 0806 0907 1008 1109 121013 1114 12 1513 1614 1715 1816 17 18

→ Blaenavon received Blaenavon Industrial Landscape UNESCO World Heritage Site → Commissioned→ Commissioned and and Saltaire SaltaireUNESCO UNESCO World HeritageWorld Heritage Site Site a large round of funding → NLHF funding within the boundary of the WHS paid for bypaid Titus for Salt by Titus Salt → NLHF funding→ NLHF withinfunding the within boundary the boundaryof the WHS of the WHS in the same year of inin thethe mid-nineteenthmid-nineteenthin the mid-nineteenth £ 240,000£ 240,000 inscription onto the WH century, thecentury, Saltaire the Saltaire United Reformed Church 174,101 174,101 list (£5,278,000. 2000). £ 5.278.000, , United ReformedUnited Reformed Church Church £ £ £ 189,700£ 189,700 The funds were for the 6.0, M received £240,000received £240,000 in in 200k 200k rejuvenation of the Big Pit 1995. The 1995.Saltaire The URC Saltaire URC £ 163,200£ 163,200 WHS inscriptionWHS inscription Mining Museum - including received furtherreceived rounds further rounds £ 147,300£ 147,300 creating a new visitor 4.5, M post inscriptionpost inscription (£61,934. (£61,934. 150k 150k 2008 & £63,043. 2009). centre. The World Heritage WHS inscription 2008 & £63,043.2008 & 2009).£63,043. 2009). Site Management Plan 1999 The SaltaireThe World Saltaire Heritage World Heritage £ 105,300£ 105,300 notes the significance of 3.0M, AssociationAssociation was also was also 100k 100k granted funding in 2015 for the Museum to the area’s granted fundinggranted in funding 2015 for in 2015 for £ 61,934 £ 61,934£ 63,043 £ 63,043 £ 67,700 £ 67,700 £ 1.369.000,,,, £ 1.269.800, , a project on Saltaire Stories £ 54,375 £ 54,375 tourist value, and also a project aon project Saltaire on Stories Saltaire Stories £ 56,500 £ 56,500 the necessity of repair to 1.5M, (£147,300).(£147,300).(£147,300). TheseThese grantsgrants These grants 50k 50k 24,750 24,750 £ 266.000, 3181 £ £ above and below ground £ collectivelycollectively contribute contribute 368.500, £ 157.050, £ 10,000 £ 10,000 structures for its viability as £ £ 845 a significanta significant proportion proportion £ 4,050 £ 4,050 an attraction. of the NLHFNHLFof thegranted NHLF granted 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 94 95 9694 9795 989699970098 0199 0200 0301 0402 0503 0604 0705 0806 0907 1008 1109 121013 1114 12 1513 1614 1715 1816 17 18 to projectsto withinprojects the within the boundariesboundaries of the Saltaire of the Saltaire World HeritageWorld site.Heritage site.

New Lanark UNESCO World Heritage Site → In 2003, the NHLFNLHF DerwentDerwent Valley UNESCOValley UNESCO World HeritageWorld Heritage Site Site → Cromford→ Cromford Mills Mills gave £382,500 towards the received areceived large grant a large in grant in → NLHF funding within the boundary of the WHS → NLHF funding→ NLHF withinfunding the within boundary the boundaryof the WHS of the WHS completion of a tourism 2001 for restoration,2001 for restoration, the the facility at New Lanark Mills, same yearsame as inscription year as inscription on on £ 2,438,799 and also for an Education £ 2,852,763£ 2,852,763 £ 4,194,600£ 4,194,600 £ 9,582,100£ 9,582,100 the WH list.the (£1,760,000). WH list. (£1,760,000). 2.4, M and Access officer at 1M 1M The BelperThe & MilfordBelper &Town Milford Town £ 2,000,000 the site in the same year Heritage InitiativeHeritage wasInitiative was £ 1,832.520, WHS inscription £ 1,604,000 (£205,000). This could be also grantedalso significant granted significant 1.8M, interpreted to be a result 750k 750k funding infunding the same in theyear same year of increased tourist traffic (£1,025,000).(£1,025,000). The project The project WHS inscriptionWHS inscription to the site as a result of £ 173,700£ 173,700 aimed to ‘buildaimed on to the‘build on the 1.2, M inscription in 2001. Another 500k 500k opportunityopportunity of the World of the World 109,100 £ £ 101,413£ 101,413 grant of £1,594,000 was £ 340,178£ 340,178 £ 48,200 £ 48,200 £ 19,600 £ 19,600 Heritage SiteHeritage status Site of thestatus of the £ 199,000 81,120 81,120 £ 101,300£ 101,300 given for the restoration of £ £ area to createarea toa worldcreate class a world class £ 587,500 £ 60,400 £ 60,400 £ 122,100 £ 210,500£ 210,500 £ 37,497 £ 37,497 600k the mill workers’ housing 250k 250k tourist destination’.tourist destination’. 30,052 30,052 £ 4,494 £ 133,800 £ £ £ 72,500 £ 72,500 £ 88,000 £ 88,000 £ 2,300 £ 9,700 (2014). The Director of New 18,500 18,500 £ 36,860 £ 36,860 £ 5,000 £ 60,000 Lanark Trusttrust stated that £ £ WH list list status status required required 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 conservation efforts to be 94 95 9694 9795 989699970098 0199 0200 0301 0402 0503 0604 0705 0806 0907 1008 1109 121013 1114 12 1513 1614 1715 1816 17 18 ‘world class’.

2019 Wider Value Report ChapterChapter 01 01

The FinancialThe FinancialValue of UNESCO Value of UNESCOdesignations designations to to the Unitedthe Kingdom United Kingdom National Lottery Heritage Fund Grants in £ 450,000£ 450,000£ 450,000 HNLFHNLFHNLF Grant Grant Grant Value Value Value - -per per - 5 peryear5 year 5 period year period period TATATA B B L L EB E LK EK E EK Y Y E Y £ 450,000£ 450,000£ 450,000 TotalTotalTotal Project Project Project Value Value Value - -per per - 5 peryear5 year 5 period year period period UNESCO World Heritage Site Boundaries 5 5year year5 year period period period colour colour colour code code code

199419941994 to to 1998 1998to 1998 1999 1999 1999 to to 2003 2003to 2003200420042004 to to 2008 2008to 2008200920092009 to to 2013 2013to 2013 2014 2014 2014 to to 2018 2018to 2018 → 1994 to 2018

1994 to 1998 1999 to 2003 2004 to 2008 2009 to 2013 2014 to 2018 0 0 0 2525 M 25M M 5050 M 50M M 7575 M 75M M 100100 100M M M

94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

n/a 1,338,000 55,900 762,600 194,300 Antonine Wall £ £ £ £ AntonineAntonineAntonine Wall Wall Wall n/a £ 4,899,963 £ 85,224 £ 4,737,016 £ 1,269,800

Blaenavon Industrial £ 368,000 £ 6,913,845 £ 160,231 n/a £ 1,269,800 BlaenavonBlaenavonBlaenavon Industrial Industrial Industrial Landscape £ 535,589 £ 10,357,289 £ 288,647 n/a £ 1,986,862 LandscapeLandscapeLandscape

2,467,142 49,400 7,158,320 14,129,800 n/a Canterbury Cathedral £ £ £ £ CanterburyCanterburyCanterbury Cathedral Cathedral Cathedral £ 7,179,316 £ 53,332 £ 11,893,255 £ 23,723,284 n/a

1,282,730 1,668,674 7,534,081 2,069,970 14,477,300 City of Bath £ £ £ £ £ CityCity Cityof of Bath Bathof Bath £ 1,822,717 £ 2,248,927 £ 13,533,512 £ 3,400,681 £ 23,639,318

CornwallCornwallCornwall and and Westand West West Cornwall and West 3,743,400 2,227,278 1,274,684 15,026,900 1,104,171 £ £ £ £ £ DevonDevonDevon Mining Mining Mining Devon Mining Landscape £ 6,196,701 £ 4,154,171 £ 3,973,245 £ 22,760,510 £ 14,160,007 LandscapeLandscapeLandscape

Derwent £ 143,021 £ 740,294 £ 326,309 £ 329,520 £ 552,524 DerwentDerwentDerwent Valley Mills £ 768,550 £ 4,928,164 £ 448,917 £ 6,405,238 £ 15,972,906 ValleyValleyValley Mills Mills Mills

Durham Castle and £ 268,455 n/a £ 49,000 £ 4,187,500 £ 127,391 DurhamDurhamDurham Castle Castle Castle and and and Cathedral £ 438,236 n/a £ 163,122 £ 9,187,116 £ 1,280,000 CathedralCathedralCathedral

Old and New Towns £ 1,311,943 £ 31,889,358 £ 24,458,480 £ 14,109,100 £ 12,605,700 OldOld andOld and Newand New New Towns Towns Towns of Edinburgh £ 63,696,676 £ 63,736,250 £ 67,122,655 £ 74,998,435 £ 34,031,767 ofof Edinburgh Edinburghof Edinburgh

Frontier of the £ 285,199 £ 740,273 £ 5,242,671 £ 18,085,600 £ 7,167,000 FrontierFrontierFrontier of of the theof the Roman Empire £ 12,068,241 £ 4,842,300 £ 8,922,925 £ 37,999,088 £ 10,607,247 RomanRomanRoman Empire Empire Empire

Heart of Neolithic £ 194,800 £ 1,360,823 £ 2,867,200 £ 565,600 £ 33,100 HeartHeartHeart of of Neolithic Neolithicof Neolithic Orkney £ 276,902 £ 2,160,866 £ 6,681,752 £ 1,302,648 £ 33,656 OrkneyOrkneyOrkney

Ironbridge £ 6,701,051 £ 348,995 £ 2,758,368 £ 188,470 £ 1,514,600 IronbridgeIronbridgeIronbridge Gorge £ 10,133,502 £ 445,719 £ 5,026,961 £ 271,113 £ 1,576,598 GorgeGorgeGorge

Liverpool Maritime £ 36,737,000 £ 18,452,345 £ 15,247,466 £ 5,845,000 £ 790,600 LiverpoolLiverpoolLiverpool Maritime Maritime Maritime Mercantile City £ 52,789,464 £ 33,782,556 £ 27,215,625 £ 7,706,551 £ 899,186 MercantileMercantileMercantile City City City

Maritime £ 14,423,882 £ 18,196,200 £ 32,672,592 £ 5,151,100 £ 22,827,700 MaritimeMaritimeMaritime Greenwich £ 14,423,882 £ 18,196,200 £ 32,672,592 £ 5,151,100 £ 22,827,700 GreenwichGreenwichGreenwich

1,832,520 3,035,793 333,100 2,109,100 1,797,800 New Lanark £ £ £ £ £ NewNewNew Lanark Lanark Lanark £ 3,054,200 £ 5,931,105 £ 859,225 £ 5,550,609 £ 5,081,688

Palace of 259,900 n/a PalacePalacePalace of of of Westminster and £ £ 50,000 n/a n/a WestminsterWestminsterWestminster and and and Westminster Abbey £ 415,511 £ 100,000 n/a n/a n/a WestminsterWestminsterWestminster Abbey Abbey Abbey

Pontcysyllte 534,300 732,925 131,581 1,309,500 65,900 PontcysylltePontcysylltePontcysyllte Aqueduct and £ £ £ £ £ AqueductAqueductAqueduct and and and CanaL £ 713,020 £ 1,096,331 £ 142,913 £ 1,745,770 £ 66,801 CanaLCanaLCanaL

Royal Botanic £ 1,400,000 £ 1,592,000 £ 1,938,553 £ 16,591,300 n/a RoyalRoyalRoyal Botanic Botanic Botanic Gardens Kew £ 2,397,000 £ 4,592,639 £ 3,787,643 £ 34,299,948 n/a GardensGardensGardens Kew Kew Kew

294,375 134,100 246,095 282,743 404,700 Saltaire £ £ £ £ £ SaltaireSaltaireSaltaire £ 569,998 £ 193,669 £ 251,869 £ 527,537 £ 461,975

Stonehenge and n/a n/a n/a £ 10,000,000 £ 10,000 StonehengeStonehengeStonehenge and and and Ave b u r y n/a n/a n/a £ 21,619,387 £ 13,820 AveAve bAve ub r u y rb y u r y

StudleyStudleyStudley Royal Royal Royal Studley Royal Park and 609,250 1,375,055 564,000 n/a 62,700 £ £ £ £ ParkParkPark and and and Fountains Abbey £ 775,000 £ 1,865,959 £ 842,569 n/a £ 62,700 FountainsFountainsFountains Abbey Abbey Abbey

The Castles and Town 1,100,000 n/a n/a n/a 19,800 TheThe CastlesThe Castles Castles and and Townand Town Town Walls of Edward I in £ £ WallsWallsWalls of of Edward Edwardof Edward I inI in I in Gwynedd £ 1,571,814 n/a n/a n/a £ 24,981 GwyneddGwyneddGwynedd

The English Lake £ 4,799,468 £ 3,967,902 £ 3,262,708 £ 19,046,949 £ 9,371,100 TheThe EnglishThe English English Lake Lake Lake District DistrictDistrictDistrict £ 6,775,306 £ 13,270,301 £ 4,362,387 £ 25,271,884 £ 11,816,045

The Tower of n/a £ 5,765,000 n/a £ 402,000 n/a TheThe TowerThe Tower Tower of of of London n/a £ 15,154,808 n/a £ 928,680 n/a LondonLondonLondon 2019 Wider Value Report ChapterChapterChapter 0101 01

TheThe FinancialThe Financial Financial Value Value Value of of UNESCO UNESCOof UNESCO designations designations designations to to to thethe Unitedthe United United Kingdom Kingdom Kingdom Chapter The Financial Value of UNESCO n°01 designations to the United Kingdom

Conclusion

UNESCO status helps UNESCO UK designations to attract substantial funding (£151 million for the year for which data was collected) and to make a signifcant contribution to the UK economy. Our research also revealed that the UK and

However, designations’ ability to use the devolved Governments, the tourism sector, UNESCO status to attract additional funding private legacies and the National Lottery differs significantly between designation types: Heritage Fund are among the most important World Heritage Sites generated the lion’s share funding bodies for UNESCO designations in of additional income, followed by UNESCO the UK. Chairs and Global Geoparks. Yet, the financial contribution of UNESCO designations is neither the only nor the best way to fully understand how they bring value to the UK. The UNESCO status is not just economically beneficial. It helps designations to develop, manage and carry out a vast range of creative and innovative activities that are of great intangible value. The next chapter examines how and provides insights into some experiences and challenges of designations

Chapter 1 p. 98 2020 UNESCO National Value Report p. 99 The Financial Value of UNESCO designations to the United Kingdom