TRAVEL TRADE BUYER’S GUIDE 2019-2020

Supported by VisitBritain and VisitEngland through the Discover Fund. CONTENTS

04 12 Introduction Fountains and 06 Studley Royal Water Gardens National Park 14 08 Hadrian’s Wall 16 10 Maritime Mercantile City & Cathedral 18 Getting there and around 4 Introduction Introduction 5

ELCOME TO ENGLAND’S WORLD HERITAGE STORY

This guide provides you with a source of information on ’s six UNESCO World Heritage sites.

England’s Northern World Heritage These itineraries have been is a deep and rich one – one of developed in close conjunction the greatest stories ever told. with Mountain Goat (mountain- It’s a tale of mighty emperors, goat.com), a local company that ancient mystics, poetic dreamers has operated a wide range of tour and four lads from Liverpool that experiences and services in the changed the world. It’s a story that Lake District, your guests can experience for and beyond since 1972. As well as themselves at close quarters with an experienced operator, Mountain these carefully curated itineraries. Goat are a versatile and flexible These are journeys through the destination management company history, culture, countryside and that offer a range of touring communities of Northern England. services including luxury, private, Here they can experience first- bespoke tours, short breaks and hand the extraordinary cultural packages that are readily tailored significance of six World Heritage to a customer’s needs. Sites and get a lasting flavour of Northern England’s superb We hope this guide inspires you collection of landscapes, urban and your organisation to do more spaces, accommodations and business in Northern England. dining options – all with a strong Please contact the team if you dollop of legendary northern need help with accommodation warmth that will linger long information and support to beyond their return home. build itineraries.

englandsworldheritagestory.com [email protected] +44 (0)1539 822 222 6 Lake District National Park Lake Lake District District National National ParkPark 7

AKE DISTRICT NATIONAL PARK

Beauty takes its time. In this case, 500 million years. But the result is a landscape of mountains, lakes and tarns that has long since bewitched poets and painters; beguiled walkers, hikers and nature lovers; and inspired the birth of the conservation movement, with the understanding that beautiful landscapes restore the human spirit. Basically, modern tourism was invented in the Lake District.

In the 18th century the Lake fashioned farming practices, all of District was ‘discovered’ by the which are still in evidence today. creative community, particularly Consistent preservation efforts have the Romantics like Wordsworth, ensured that much of the landscape Coleridge and Southey – collectively you see today – the stone-walled known as ‘the ’ – who fields and rugged farm buildings in treated the landscape as a source their spectacular natural backdrop of sublime inspiration and copper- – is as the 18th-century poets fastened their conviction that would have seen them. communion with nature could The spread of industrialisation solve all human problems. and the beauty of the Lake District But the Lake District is much inspired 19th century campaigners more than just beautiful lakes and to protect ‘open spaces,’ which later towering peaks. It is a cultural gave rise to the and landscape of profound significance inspired the pioneers of national – from ancient mines to parks in countries throughout traditional stone walls and old- the world.

Did you know? One of the best-known campaigners for conservation in the Lake District was , who lived in the area and bred her own flock of native – and her commitment to conservation brought her to be a co-founder of the National Trust. 8 Hadrian’s Wall Hadrian’s Wall 9

ADRIAN’S WALL

Hadrian’s Wall is a perfect example of Roman forward-thinking, planning, tenacity and power. Begun in AD 122 in the reign of the emperor Hadrian, this impressive defensive fortification is the most important monument of . It ran from the banks of the River Tyne in the east to the Solway Firth in the west, spanning 73 miles before continuing down the Cumbrian Coast to and was the northernmost frontier of the Roman Empire.

A significant portion of the wall • Chester’s Roman Fort and Museum still stands today, along with many The best-preserved Roman cavalry fort of the forts, milecastles and turrets. in Britain. Explore a Roman bath-house A popular way to visit is on foot complex and a Victorian-style museum along the Hadrian’s Wall Path full of incredible finds. National Trail - a long-distance • Housesteads Roman Fort running from coast to Take in breath-taking panoramic views coast. Other highlights include: and wander the most complete example • Corbridge Roman Town of a Roman Fort anywhere in Britain. Walk along a Roman high street • Birdoswald Roman Fort and don’t miss the Corbridge Hoard – The best place to see the longest one of the most significant finds continuous stretch of the wall today. from Roman Britain. Don’t miss the Roman fort, turret and milecastle too.

Did you know? Hadrian’s Wall was the main area of operations for the ‘Border Reivers,’ raiders along the Anglo-Scottish border from the late 13th century to the beginning of the 17th century. Their ballads and their words are now common in the English language such as “bereave” and “blackmail. Greenmail was the proper rent you paid, blackmail was “protection money”! Presidents Andrew Jackson, Lyndon Johnson and Richard Nixon are all descendants of border reivers, as was Neil Armstrong, who visited the area the year after he walked on the moon. 10 & Cathedral Durham Castle & Cathedral 11

URHAM CASTLE & CATHEDRAL

Two of the greatest monuments of the of Britain face each other in a dramatic setting on a narrow peninsula in one of England’s most attractive medieval towns. , built between 1093 and 1133, is one of the finest examples of Norman architecture in Europe – and the first European cathedral to be roofed with stone-ribbed vaulting, which allowed for the construction of the pointed transverse arches and hey presto! the Gothic style of architecture was born.

The site is also outstanding It’s also the final resting place because of its political history: of St Cuthbert, the saint whose The castle and cathedral reflect place of burial has been a place the unique status of the Prince- of pilgrimage for over 1500 years; Bishops of Durham. The Prince- and the Venerable Bede, the 7th Bishops were religious leaders century scribe who is credited as who also had secular powers the ‘inventor of England’ and the — they governed a virtually father of English history. autonomous state that formed the buffer zone between England and Scotland from the late 11th century until 1603.

Did you know? In the Middle Ages, anyone who’d fallen foul of a court judgement could bang the main knocker and ask for 37 days’ sanctuary in the cathedral before having to serve their sentence. 12 and Studley Royal Water Gardens Fountains Abbey and Studley Royal Water Gardens 13

OUNTAINS ABBEY AND STUDLEY ROYAL WATER GARDENS

Studley Royal is one of the few great 18th-century gardens to survive pretty much in its original form and is one of the most spectacular water gardens in England. The landscape garden is an outstanding example of the development of the ‘English’ garden style throughout the 18th century, which influenced the rest of Europe.

It was designed around the equally The remainder of the estate is no less spectacular ruins of Fountains Abbey, one significant. At the west end of the estate of the few Cistercian houses to survive is the transitional Elizabethan/Jacobean from the 12th century and providing an , partially built from unrivalled picture of a great religious reclaimed abbey stone. With its distinctive house in all its parts. Together, they’re a Elizabethan façade enhanced by a formal glorious picture of pastoral elegance and garden with shaped hedges, it is an the most visited of all of the National outstanding example of its period. Trust’s pay-to-enter properties.

Did you know? The creator of Studley Royal was , a politician who was directly involved in the scandalous South Sea Bubble of 1719. The revelations of his involvement led to his resignation and imprisonment for corruption. Upon his release, he retired to Studley and devoted the rest of his life to the development of the gardens. 14 Saltaire Saltaire 15

ALTAIRE

Saltaire is a complete and well-preserved industrial village created in 1851 by industrialist, philanthropist (and teetotaller), Titus Salt for the maximum benefit of his workers. The architectural and engineering Its textile mills, public buildings quality of the complete ensemble, and workers’ housing are built comprising the exceptionally large in a harmonious style of high and unified Salt’s Mill buildings architectural standards and the and the New Mill; the hierarchical urban plan survives intact, giving employees’ housing, the a vivid impression of Victorian Dining Room, Congregational philanthropic paternalism, which in Church, almshouses, hospital, turn had a profound influence on school, institute and Roberts Park – developments in industrial social all built in a 25-year building spree. welfare and urban planning in the and beyond – including Italy and the United States.

Did you know? When Salts Mill opened in 1853, it was the biggest factory in the world. 3000 workers toiled away at 1200 looms, producing 30,000 yards of cloth every single day. Today part of the old factory is home to the world’s largest permanent collection of art by David Hockney, who is from the area. 16 Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City 17

IVERPOOL MARITIME MERCANTILE CITY

Liverpool ‘invented’ the modern port. As a key centre of trade in the 18th and 19th centuries, Liverpool was a centre of technological innovation – particularly in the development of modern port technology, transport systems and management – advances that influenced ports all over the world.

And if the story seems a little ‘wet,’ in And the port helped to indirectly shape Liverpool it’s anything but. The huge wealth pop culture. In the 1950s, the latest rock that trade brought to the city was translated ‘n’ roll records from America would arrive into architectural grandeur, as reflected in first here, giving Liverpool a jump-start on its stunning collection of public buildings. the emergence of British rock ‘n’ roll in the These include the ‘Three Graces’ - the Port 1960s and the explosion of the Beatles. of Liverpool Building, the Cunard Building This story is told in Liverpool’s most popular and the Royal Liver Building, which is topped fee-charging museum, the Beatles Story, by Liverpool’s symbol, the famous 5.5m also on Albert Dock. Liverpool’s central copper Liver Bird – St George’s Hall and the role in the development of rock ‘n’ roll told magnificent neo-Gothic Liverpool Cathedral, in the British Music Experience on the Britain’s largest church and the world’s largest ground floor (once a first-class lounge and Anglican cathedral. waiting room) of one of the city’s most iconic buildings, the Cunard Building. The story of the port – both good and bad – is told in brilliant, exciting detail in the cluster of museums around Albert Dock, including the Merseyside Maritime Museum and the International Slavery Museum, which pulls no punches in acknowledging the city’s role in the horrors of the slave trade.

Did you know? The warehouses on Albert Dock are the biggest collection of protected buildings in the UK outside of London. 18 Getting there and around

Lake District National Park

Hadrian’s Wall GETTING THERE Durham Castle & AROUND and Cathedral

Northern England is well served by international airports All six of Northern England’s World Heritage Sites are in Liverpool, Leeds-Bradford, Newcastle and Manchester close to each other, with no more than a 90-minute – all of which have direct flights from Ireland. drive separating one from its nearest neighbour. Manchester is also served by direct flights from Atlanta, The Lake District National Park and Hadrian’s Wall – Newcastle Boston, Charlotte, Chicago, Houston, Las Vegas, Los are closer still, about an hour apart (see table below). Airport Angeles, New , Orlando, Philadelphia, Seattle and Washington. The expected opening of an airport in There are direct ferry services connecting Ireland will make the Lake District and Hadrian’s Wall with Liverpool, Heysham () and the even more accessible than ever. North Wales port of Holyhead, which is less than two hours from Liverpool. There are rail connections throughout the north, linking all major towns and cities, as well as an extensive network of rail links to the smaller towns and villages. Heysham No point in Northern England is more than a 3-hour train Port Port of Hull journey from London, or 2/2½-hours from Edinburgh.

Manchester Airport

Liverpool Docks and Airport

Liverpool Lake District Durham Hadrian’s Studley Maritime Distance National Castle & Saltaire Village Wall Royal Mercantile Park Cathedral City Fountains Abbey Lake District 88mi 87mi and Studley Royal 36mi (59km) 57mi (92km) 77mi (124km) National Park (142km) (140km) Water Gardens

91mi 137mi Hadrian’s Wall 36mi (59km) 21mi (34km) 117mi (188km) (146km) (220km)

Durham Castle 88mi 58mi 160mi 21mi (34km) 87mi (140km) & Cathedral (142km) (93km) (257km) Saltaire Village 87mi 91mi 116mi Studley Royal 58mi (93km) 29mi (47km) (140km) (146km) (187km)

117mi 87 mi 29mi Liverpool Maritime Saltaire Village 57mi (92km) 72mi (116km) (188km) (140km) (47km) Mercantile City

Liverpool 77mi 137mi 160mi 116mi Maritime 72mi (116km) (124km) (220km) (257km) (187km) Mercantile City englandsworldheritagestory.com