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Museums & Dialogue Between Cultures

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Museums & Dialogue Between Cultures Embajada Alemana Ciudad de México U.N.E.S.C.O. MUSEUMS & DIALOGUE BETWEEN CULTURES Embajada Alemana Ciudad de México Embajada Alemana Ciudad de México U.N.E.S.C.O. MUSEUMS & DIALOGUE BETWEEN CULTURES Working Paper Issued in 2018 by the UNESCO Office in Mexico, Presidente Masaryk 526, Polanco, 11560, Mexico City, Mexico. © UNESCO 2018 This document is available in Open Access under the Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 IGO (CC-BY-SA 3.0 IGO) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/igo/). By using the content of this publication, the users accept to be bound by the terms of use of the UNESCO Open Access Repository (http://unesco.org/ open-access/terms-use-ccbysa-en). The designations employed and the presentation of material throughout this publication of not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNESCO concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The ideas and opinions expressed in this publication are of the authors; they are not necessarily those of UNESCO and do not commit the Organization. Original idea, concept, coordination and supervision of the editing and printing: The UNESCO Office in Mexico. Conception, Edition and General Coordination of the project: Nuria Sanz, Head and Representative, UNESCO Office in Mexico Editorial work: Isabel Migoya, UNESCO Office in Mexico Carlos Tejada, UNESCO Office in Mexico José Pulido Mata, UNESCO Office in Mexico Dorian Rommens, UNESCO Office in Mexico Graphic and cover design: Rodrigo Morlesin, UNESCO Office in Mexico Photos of the interviews: Gabriela Velázquez, UNESCO Office in Mexico We deeply appreciate all the support provided by the National Institute of Anthropology and History, the National Museum of Anthropology and the National Museum of Cultures of Mexico, as well as the Embassy of the Federal Republic of Germany in Mexico and the Goethe-Institut Mexiko. Likewise, we thank Dr. Robin Dennell for his collaboration in editing Printed in Mexico. Embajada Alemana Ciudad de México U.N.E.S.C.O. MUSEOS & DIÁLOGO ENTRE CULTURAS NURIA SANZ EDITOR 6 7 CONTENTS / ÍNDICE I. Prefaces / Prefacios Viktor Elbling, Embajador de la República Federal de Alemania en México 13 Nuria Sanz, Directora y Representante de la Oficina de la UNESCO en México 17 II. As a preamble / A modo de preámbulo Question the gaze. Museums and anthropology in the XXI Century / Interrogar la mirada. El museo y la disciplina antropológica en el siglo XXI Nuria Sanz 25 Cultural diversity and museums as a paradigm of international law. Conceptual bases of the discussion / Diversidad cultural y museos como paradigma de derecho internacional. Bases conceptuales de la discusión Nuria Sanz & Gustavo Lins Ribeiro 41 UNESCO Recommendation Concerning the Protection and Promotion of Museums and Collections, their Diversity and their Role in Society / Recomendación de la UNESCO Relativa a la Protección y Promoción de los Museos y Colecciones, su Diversidad y su Función en la Sociedad 63 III. International Meeting on Museums, Anthropology and Dialogue among Cultures, in the essence of the Humboldt Forum / Reunión Internacional sobre museos, antropología y diálogo entre culturas, a propósito del Humboldt Forum An introduction to the Humboldt Forum / Una introducción al Foro Humboldt The Humboldt Forum: An Introduction Tarek Ibrahim 85 New neighbors. The national museums of Berlin on their way to the Humboldt Forum Dorothee Wagner 93 Ivory - the DNA of the art world a project of the Museum of Asian Art in the Humboldt Forum Raffael Dedo Gadebusch 103 Museums and cultural diversity. History and contemporaneity of the relationship / Museos y diversidad cultural. Historia y contemporaneidad de la relación Museums, anthropology and dialogue between cultures: reflections of an observer Robin Dennell 111 Displaced objects. On exhibiting ethnographic artefacts Karl-Heinz Kohl 123 Ethnographic absences and emergences: towards a museology for social justice Nuno Porto 135 Le cinema dans les musees Jean-Pierre Bekolo 143 The anthropologies of the world. The role of anthropological disciplines in the conceptualization of contemporary dialogue between cultures / Las antropologías del mundo. El papel de las disciplinas antropológicas en la conceptualización del diálogo contemporáneo entre culturas World anthropologies and museums. Re-presentations, conversations and diversity Gustavo Lins Ribeiro 147 Museos y la política del reconocimiento Antonio Motta 157 Anthropology, museums, diversity, and dialogue Christian Feest 165 Credibility and cultural appropriation. New anthropologies for old collections / Credibilidad y apropiación cultural. Nuevas antropologías para antiguas colecciones The Humboldt Forum. New anthropologies for old collections Anthony Alan Shelton 175 Credibility and cultural appropriation. New anthropologies for old collections museums and cultural appropriation Alexis Celeste Bunten 187 Anthropologies of the ways of perception and art appropriation / Antropologías de lasformas de percepción y apropiación del arte Museo Estatal de Arte Popular “Oaxaca” Carlomagno Pedro Martínez 195 La importancia e influencia de la biodiversidad en la creación popular y académica Walther Boelsterly 209 IV. Setting the foundations for international cooperation between museums through anthropology / Sentando las bases para la cooperación Internacional entre museos desde la antropología Summary Report of the International Meeting on Museums, Anthropology and Dialogue Between Cultures, in the Essence of the Humboldt Forum Nuria Sanz, Gustavo Lins Ribeiro & Robin Dennell 219 The working groups conclusions of the International Meeting Museums and Dialogue Between Cultures 223 V. Interviews and Bios / Entrevistas y semblanzas 233 10 I. Prefaces _________ I. Prefacios 11 Viktor Elbling Embajador de la República Federal de Alemania en México El diálogo de igual a igual entre las culturas del mundo es una cuestión de vital importancia para el futuro del globo. ¿Cómo podemos resaltar los extraordinarios paralelos, es decir, la universalidad de las formas de expresión culturales, y al mismo tiempo respetar su evidente diversidad y canalizarla hacia un debate fructífero? ¿Qué papel pueden desempeñar en ello los museos como espacios de encuentro, comunicación y difusión de conocimiento? Estas cuestiones fueron el foco de atención del taller de trabajo que la Embajada de Alemania, el Instituto Goethe y la Oficina de la UNESCO en México realizaron conjuntamente el 15 de junio de 2017 en la Ciudad de México en el marco del Año de Alemania en México. Destacados expertos 13 internacionales aportaron sus visiones acerca de cómo se debería seguir desarrollando la idea del museo como lugar para ese diálogo innovador entre las culturas, así como para la cohesión social y el desarrollo sostenible. Esto teniendo en cuenta el actual proyecto de construcción del Foro Humboldt en Berlín, en cuyo concepto confluyen varios de estos alcances. El Foro Humboldt será inaugurado en otoño de 2019, a tiempo para la celebración del 250 aniversario del natalicio de Alexander von Humboldt. Una de las tareas centrales del Foro será exponer —y no sólo en el sentido tradicional— objetos de arte procedentes de culturas no europeas. Se trata de reemplazar una visión estática por un diálogo dinámico entre y con sus sociedades de origen, así como entre las piezas exhibidas y los visitantes: un diálogo que demuestre que la creación artística de cada continente y cada época debe considerarse como una aportación del mismo valor a la historia y la cultura de la humanidad. Se cuenta con la intención de que los objetos que formen parte de las colecciones de los museos alemanes sean exhibidos con información sobre su origen, para que los espectadores no sólo puedan entender mejor la estética y el mensaje de la obra, sino también el contexto histórico de su creación, su origen y su valor. México ocupará un lugar muy especial en el Foro Humboldt: en el acervo de las colecciones de la Fundación Patrimonio Cultural Prusiano, que antes se exponía en Berlín Dahlem, hay alrededor de 50 mil objetos de la época prehispánica, probablemente la colección más importante fuera de México. Los objetos incluyen desde sistemas gráficos de comunicación mesoamericanos a objetos de culto hasta llegar al “Lienzo Seler II” y a la estatua de una diosa de la fertilidad que Humboldt trasladó desde México a Berlín. Desde luego, es evidente que los viajes y las investigaciones de Humboldt siguen produciendo formas de cooperación aún después de más de 200 años, van a permitir que el reconstruido antiguo Palacio de Berlín se convierta en el lugar de encuentro de la creación artística y cultural de otros continentes. El año 2019 no sólo marca el 250 aniversario del natalicio de Alexander von Humboldt, sino también el 215 aniversario de su llegada a México. Su estancia aquí despertó la curiosidad de Europa por el Nuevo Mundo y, sobre todo, por México, sus culturas, su historia, geografía y botánica. El viaje de investigación de un año, de Acapulco a Veracruz, pasando por la Ciudad de México, marcó de forma decisiva las relaciones entre Alemania y México. No es casualidad que México adquiera un lugar muy importante en el nuevo Foro Humboldt ubicado en el 14 corazón de la capital alemana. Podemos suponer que Alexander von Humboldt habría aprobado la interacción entre el Foro nombrado en su honor y los museos “clásicos” de la Isla de los Museos, declarada Patrimonio de la Humanidad de
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