PEKI Z Jonuory 7, 19'f,

Chairman Hua Meets vL Maior General Ziaur Rahman

4 Comrode Chen Yung-kuei's Report -At the Second Notionol Conference on Leorning A, From Tochoi in Agriculture The Crux of "Gong of Four's" Crimes ,ru ls to Usurp Party ond Stote Power - "Renmin Riboo" editoriol PEKING Vol. 20, No. 2 Jonuory 7, 1977

REVIEW Published in English, French, Spanish, tL 4 [^.e Japanese and German editions

CO NTE NTS ,:"" - J

THE WEEK

Choirmon Huo Meets Mojor Generol Ziour Rohmon

New Development in Chino-Bonglodesh Relotions

Grond Reception in Honour of Foreign Experts Chinese Peoplet Friendship Delegotion in Yugoslovio

ARIICTES AND DOCUMENTS

Comrode Chen Yung-kuei's Report-At the Second Notionol Conference on Leorning From Tochoi in Agriculture

At Welcome Bonquet Given by the Stote Council: Vice-Premier Li Hsien-nien's Speech l8 Mojor Generol Ziour Rohmon's Speech 19 World's People Pioise Choirmon Moo's lmmense Contributions - Hsinhuo Cor- respondent 21 Revolutionory Memoir: Choirmon Moo's lnspection Tour of Nonniwon - Tung Ting-heng 25 fhe Crur ol "Gong of Four's" Crimes ls to Usurp Porty ond Stote Power - Ren' rnin Ribao editoriol 29

Publlshed cvery Fridoy by PEKING REVIEW, Peting (3L Chino Post Officc Regittrotion No. 2-912. Pdntad in the People's Republic of Chino N\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ NNN N \NNNN

Chairman Hua Meets Maior General Ziaur Rahman

LfUa KUO-FENG, Chairman of the Central man and the other distinguished Bangladesh fl Committee of the Communist Party of guests on their visit to China. Major General China and Premier of the State Council, met Rahman told Chairman Hua: "It is a great on the afternoon of January 4 Major Generai honour to be your guest and to be invited by Ziaur Rahman, Chief Martial Law Administra- you to visit China." After posing for a pho- tor and Chief of Army Staff of Bangladesh. tograph, Chairman Hua and Major General . As Major General Ziaur Rahman arrived at' Rahman had a sincere and friendly conversation the meeting hall accompanied by Foreign Sec- in a cordial atmosphere. retary Tabarak Husain, Chairman Hua walked Present at the meeting and conversation up to warmly shake hands with him and ex- were Vice-Premier Li Hsien-nien of the State tend a warm welcome to Major General Rah- Council and Foreign Mini.ster Huang Hua.

Januarg 7, 7977 rt

New Development in Member of the C.P.C. Central Committee and Foreign Minis- China-Bangladesh Relations ter, were at the reception. In his toast at the banquet, General Ziaur Rah- Grain production. in fiscal year rYls131MAJOR Vice-Premier Li extended visited China from 19?5-?6 reach6d 13 million tons. thanks to the ioreign experts January 2 to 6. This was the The country is now striving to for their valuable contributions first occasion for contact be- realize self-sufficiency in grain. to China's socialist revolution tween the leaders of the two In international affairs, the and socialist construction and countries. Though short, the Government of Bangladesh fol- the promotion of friendship visit achieved completely suc- lows a non-aligned policy, op- among different people. cessful results. poses hegemonism, expansion- ism and interference in internal During visit, Vice-:Premier the affairs by foreign countries, Chinese People's Friendship Li Hsien-nien and Major General supports the people all of coun- Delegation in Yugoslavia Ziaur Rahman exchanged views tries in their struggte agalnst on the international situation, imperialism and stands for the The Chinese People's Friend- the strengthening of relations strengthening of unity with ship Delegation Chi between the two countries and led by other third world countries. The Peng-fei, Secretary-General of other questions of common con- Chinese people follow develop- the Standing cern, thus enhancing their mu- Committee of the ment of Bangladesh with in- National People's Congress, re- tual understanding and trust. terest and firmly support the turned to Peking last December An economic and technical co- just struggle of its people to 26 after an eight-day visit to operation agreement and a trade maintain national independence Yugoslavia. and payment agreement be- and state sovereignty. tween the Governments of Dzemal Bijedic, President of The China and Bangladesh were visit of the distinguished the Federal Executive Council, guests from Bangladesh was signed in Peking. met and had a warm and friend- warmly welcomed by the Chi- conversation the dele- Since changes took place in nese people. Chairman Hua ly with gation members their the Bangladesh political situa- greeted Major General Ziaur during stay in Yugoslavia. tion in the second half of 1975, Rahman at the airport when he the Government and people of qrrived in Peking. Vicehemier Delegation leader Chi ac- Bangladesh have made arduous Li Hsien-nien hosted the ban- quainted President Bijedic with quet given efforts and achieved iemarkable by the State Council the excellent situation in China in his honour. (For highlights successes in maintaining na- and the basic principles of her of their speeches at the banquet tional independence, safeguard- foreign policy. He said that the see'pp. 18 and 19.) ing state sovereignty, develop- Chinese people support both the ing the national economy and The distinguished guests also Yugoslav people's struggle to building their own country. visited Kwangchow. defend independence and sover- eignty and Yugoslavia's non- aligned policy and hope to de- Grand Reception in Honour Li Hsien-nien, Member of the velop further the relations o.f 0f Foreign Expcrts Political Bureau of the Central friendship and co.operation be- Committee of the Communist tween the two countries. The General Office of the Party of China and Vice-Pre- State Council gave a grand re- mier of.the State Council; Teng When delegation leader Chi ception on New Year's Eve in Ying-chao, Member of the talked about the great victorY honour of the foreign experts C.P.C. Central Committee and of the Chinese people in smash- and their spouses from more Vice-Chairman of the Standing ing the i'gang of four," President than 40 countries on the five Committee of the National Peo- continents. ple's Congress; and Huang Hua, (Continued on P. 20.)

4 Peking Rersieu, No. 2 Comrade Chen Yung-kuei's Report At the Second National Conference on - Learning From Tachai in Agriculture

On December 20,1976, Chen Yung-kuei, Member of the Political Bureau of the C.P.C. Central Committee and Vice-Premier of the State Council, made a report at the Second National Conference on Learning From Tachai in Agriculture which was held in Peking. Entitled "Thoroughly Criticize the 'Gang of Four' and Bring About a New Upsurge in the Movement to Build Tachai-Type Counties Throughout the Country," the report expounded the great historie significance of Comrade Hua Kuo-feng being appointed leader of our Party and of the victory of smashing the "gang of four"; it reviewed the acute struggles waged by our Party against the "gang of four" centring round the movement to learn from Tachai in agriculture, and set- forth the task of con- tinuing to deepen in the rural areas education in the Party's basic line, so as to achieve still greater development in agriculture. The report also called on the Party committees at all levels to strengthen leadership, mobilize the whole Party and make greater efforts to develop agriculture.

Comrades: Comrade Hua Kuo-feng's summing-up report

last year's national learn-from-Tachai . con- At the important moment when our Party to ference and studied relevant documents issued has won a great historic victory, the Second Na- by the Party Central Committee. They have tional Conference on Learning From Tachai in also read the evidence of the crimes of the Agriculture is being convened in accordance Wang-Chang-Chiang-Yao anti-Party clique. All with a decision by the Party Central Committee the participants have warmly praised our wise on the proposal of Chairman Hua Kuo-feng. leader Chairman Hua, angrily exposed and re- This is a very important conference. Our con- pudiated the of four," exchanged the ex- ference will give tremendous impetus to the "gang perience gained over the past year in building great struggle to ex1rcse and repudiate the anti- Tachai-t5pe counties and mechanizing farm Party clique of Wang flung-wen, Chang Chun- work, and discussed future tasks. With ease of chiao, Chiang Ching and Yao Wen-5ruan, give mind and in high spirits, the comrades have full greater momentum to the movement to build confidence in victory in accelerating the build- Tachai-type counties than last year and encour- ing of Tachai-type counties throughout the coun- age us to make still greater efforts than last try, speeding up the development of agriculture year. In the last few days, the comrades have and bringing about a still better situation. conscientiously studied Chairman Mao's brilliant work On the Ten Major Relationships, reviewed I will now elaborate on a few questions. l. A Greot Historic Victory In October this year, the whole Party, the events. One was that the Political Bureau of whole army and the people of all nationalities the Party Central Committee unanimously en- throughout the country welcomed two happy dorsed Comrade Hua Kuo-feng as Chairman of

January 7,7977 the C.P.C. Central that they would be short-lived politically and Committee and that they would not be iolerated by the revolu- Chairman of its tionaries who represent the interests of more Military Commis- than 90 per cent of the people and who would sion; the other was certainly get organized to overthrow them, a that the Party civil war in such a case would have been inevit- Central Committee able and this would have meant a setback in headed by Chair- the Chinese revolution. man Hua Kuo-feng At this critical historical juncture, the smashed the coun- Party Central Committee headed by Comrade terrrevolutionary Hua Kuo-feng faithfully carried out Chairman schemes of the Mao's behests and wisely and resolutely smash- anti-Party clique of ed the counter-revolutionary plot of the "ga'irg Wang Hung-wen, of four" at one blow, thus saving the Party and Chang Chun-chiao, the revolution. The great victory in this struggle Chiang Ching and is of great immediate importance and of far- Yao Wen-yuan to usurp the supreme lead- reaching historic significance for our Party in ership of the Party and state. The people of all adhering to the Party's basic line and policies, our nationalities were overjoyed and the whole persisting in continuing the revolution under country was a scene of jubilation in celebrdt- the dictatorship of the proletariat and carrying ing that great historic victory. through to the end the proletarian revolutionary cause in'China pioneered Chairman Mao; This year has been far from ordinary. The by ii consolidating and developing the achieve- great leader and teacher Chairman Mao left us ments of the Great Proletarian Cultural Revo- for ever on September g. And prior to this, we lution, strengthening dictatorship the lost our esteemed and beloved Premier Chou the of proletariat, preventing restoration En-lai and Chairman Chu Teh. The whole Party, a capitalist and building pro- the whole army and the people of all nationali- socialism; and in upholding letarian internationalism and continuing to im- ties in our country were in deep sor- plement Chairman Mao's revolutionary line in row, and were at the same time rryorried about foreign affairs. the future and the destiny of the Party and state. At that time we were indeed eonfronted .Comrade Hua Kuo-feng is the successor with the real danger of our Party turning re- trained and selected by the great leader Chair- visionist and our country changing its political man Mao himself. Having complete faith in colour. The Wang-Chang-Chiang-Yao "gang of Comrade Hua.Kuo-feng, Chairman Mao wrote four" had Iong practised revisionism, created in his own handwriting "With you in charge, splits and conspired and intrigued under the I'm at ease." Loyal to Marxism-Leninism-Mao guise of Marxism, and had long been engaged Tsetung Thought, Comrade Hua Kuo-feng has in activities to usurp Party and state power. firmly carried out Chairman Mao's proletarian During the period when Chairman Mao was reVolutionary line and policies. Comrade Hua seriously ill and after he passed away, they Kuo-feng is loyal to the Party and selfless, open quickened their pace in a rush to usurp supreme and aboveboard, modest and prudent, demo- Party and state leadership. They are a gang of cratic in his style of work, unassuming and ap- bpurgeois conspirators and careerists, typical proachable and good at uniting with comrades representatives of the bourgeoisie inside the to work together. He has the ability to lead the Party and unrepentant capitalist-roaders still on whole Party and command the whole army and the capitalist road. There are serious questions, is an outstanding Marxist leader. The whole too, in the political history of some of them. If Party, the whole army and the people of all their plot had succeeded, if they had taken nationalities throughout the country take tre- power, they would have carried out a fascist dic- mendous pride in once again having a wise tatorship throughout the country and, external- leader of their own. ly, gone all out for national betrayal and capit- Our Party is a great Party, our army is a ulationism. Although it can be stated definitely great army and our people are a great people.

6 Peking Retsiero, No. 2 Since the victory of the new-democratic revolu-' '^ man Hua, our Party has become even more tion, we have acquired the experience of.'2? united and even more vigorous and the dictator- years of socialist revolution and construction. ship of the proletariat is more consolidated. We Particularly in the Great Proletarian CliiEr]ral now have "a political-sitgation in which there Revolution in which the bourgeois headqulrters are both centralism and democracy, both disci- of Liu Shao-chi and of Lin Piao were smashed pline and freedom, both unity of will and per'- and now the "ging of four'l which tried to sonal ease of mind and liveliness." Our country wreck the country and ruin the people has also j}-JUll of promise and the people in our country been smashed, Mao Tsetung Thought has found withisonfidence in victory. There is its way ever deeper into the hearts of the peo- "E5Titt"ano obstacle d6qiF road foiward that cannot be ple and Chairman Mao's revolutionary line has surmounted. A nEw upsurge in the socialist revo- ,been grasped more firmly by the people in their lution and constrliltion is in the rnaking, and we hundreds of'millions. Under the leadership of must heighten oirr revolutionary spirit to wel- the Party Cenhal Committee headed by Chair- come this new upsurge. I ll. Hold Still Higher the Red Bonner of Leorning From Tochoi in Agriculture

A fierce struggle around the question of that her talk on Woter Morgin be printed and whether to persist in the movement In agricul- circulated and a recording of her talk on the ture,-tearn from Tachai or to oppose it was same subject be played at the conference, in an wiged by our Party against the "gang of four" attempt to make trouble and alter the confer- in the past year. This was an intense struggle ence's orientation by levelling attacks at Chair- between the proletariat and the bourgeoisie. man Mao, Premier Chou and other leading com- The first stage of the national learn-from- ' rades of the central authorities. Comrade Hua Tachai conference convened in September last Kuo-feng who presided over the conference saw year with the approval of the Party Central through her scheme and promptly reported it Committee was held in Hsiyang County. Chiang to the Party Central Committee and to Chair- Ching got to Tachai before the conference be- man Mao. Chairman Mao sharply criticized gan. What did she go there for? First, to attack Chiang Ching's talk: "Shit! Barking up the Tachai; second, to de=nounce the film Pioneers*; wrong tree," and gave the specific instruction: and third, to make-a so-called comment on the "Don't publish the talk, don't play the record- novel V[oter Mdrgin. She wanted to lop off the ing or print the text." Chairman Mao also asked red baqner of Tachai. She rabidly opposed a leading comrade in the Party Central Com- Chairman Mao's directive on the film Pioneers rnittee to relay this to Comrade Hua Kuo-feng in an attempt to pull down the red banner of bi.. phone. In accordance with- Chairman Mao's Taching. She babbled that "the crux of the * book Woter Margin was to make Chao Kai a This film which depicts the heroic deeds of the oil workers in opening up the Taching Oilfield figurehead**" and that "at present, there are . was approved by Chairman Mao hnd acclaimed by people in the Party Central Committee who are .'the masses. (See Pekizg Rersieu, No. 47, 1976, p. 1,1.) trying to make Chairman Mao a figurehead." ** Water Matgil is a novel about a peasant war Her aim was to create confusion and scheme towards the end of the Northern Sung Dynasty (960-1f27 peas- to split Party Central Committee. A.D.). Chao Kai is the leader of a the ant uprising in this novel. After Chao Kai's death, Chiang Ching made a surprise attack in an Sung Chiang, a representative of the landlord class unscheduled talk at the opening ceremony of the who wormed his way into the ranks of the peasant leadership and to conference insurgents usurps the surrenders on September.15. She accused the the emperor. Chairman Mao pointed out: "The first secretaries of the provincial Party commit- merit of the book Water Margia lies precisely in tees of neglecting agriculture because they were the portrayal of capitulation. It serves as teaching not attending the conference, although she knew material by negative example to help all the peo- ple recognize capitulationists." But Chiang Ching, fuil well that their absence was by decision of out of ulterior motives, tampered with this instruc- the Party Central Committee. She demanded tion of Chairman Mao's.

January 7,7977 L't-' t- directive, Comrade Hua Kuo-feng instructed the it;" Though the report had been listed in the conference not to play Chiang Ching,s recording table of contents, he deleted it. He even opposed or circulate the text of her talk, and he told publicizing Tachai and Taching. He instructed Comrade Wang Chien [First Secretary of the Renmin Rdboo with these words: "Don't play up Provincial Party Committee of Shansi where Tachai in everything you print"; "Be more cau- Tachai and Hsiyang are located] not to play the tious in publicizing Taching." The mass media recording in Shansi Province either,.thus giving under the "gang of four's" control reeled off Chiang Ching a head-on blow and frustrating one article after another attacking Comrade Hua her scheme. Kuo-feng's report by innuendo. Chang Chun- On October 15, Comrade Hua Kuo-feng, gn chiao totally negated Comrade Hua Kuo-feng's behalf of the Party Central Committee, made report and ordered Shanghai not to implement the summing-up report "Mobilize the Whole it and to "stand firm." Party, Make Greater Efforts to Develop Agri- .A sworn follower of the "gang of four" in culture and Strive to Build Tachai-Type Coun- Liaoning Province also frenziedly opposed ties Throughout the Country." The report, an acting in the spirit of the conference. He ob" important Marxist document replete with Mao jected to the calling of any meeting in this re- Tsetung Thought, won warm support from all spect, big or small. Acting on the sinister injunc- the representatives at the conference. They tion of the "gang of tour," certain people on the said: "If we act in this way, we wilt be full of Shanghai municipal Party committbe raised drive and have bright prospects." But the four prohibitions: tr'irst, prohibiting mention of "gang of four" hated Comrade Hua Kuo-feng's "The key to building Tachai-type counties lies report which had. been discussed and approved in the county Party committees." They clam- by the Political Bureau. Immediately after the oured: "Why not the provincial Party com- report was made, Chiang Ching turned round mittees? And what about the Central Commit- and viciously said to Comrade Hua Kuo-feng tee?" Second, prohibiting consoliclation of and me: "To put it mildly, that's a revisionist Party organizations and rectification of the report!" In this way she insolently la.belled it a style of work. They vilified both as "metaphy- revisionist report. However, the great leader sical.'1 Third, prohibiting the dispateh .of work Chairman Mao was very satisfied with the con- teams, slandering this practice as the "bourgeois ference. Cha.irman Mao approved Comrads Hua reactionary iine" or "tlie experience of Tao- Kuo-feng's report the same evening it was sent yuaq*." Fourth, prohibiting education in the to him. The report was issued to the whole Party's basic line, smearing. it as "criticism of Party as Doeument No. 21 of the Party Central the petty bourgeoisie by the big bourgeoisie.?' Committee- They even went'so far as to use such language Inspired by the guidelines of the report, as 'iWherr'wolves are in power, what's the use the whole Party was mobilized, and the cadres of assailing foxes" to fling mud at the great and masses showed great enthusiasm. A tre- leader Chairman Mao and other leading com- mendous upsurge in building Tachai-type coun- rades of the Central Committee. They also vi- ties throughout the country soon appeared, ciously attacked Comrade Hua Kuo-feng's giving impetus to all fields of work. The whole report, quibbling that "even if the Chairman eountr5r was full of vigour and the situation was excellent. At that moment, the "gang of four" * In 1963, when Chairman Mao called on the put whole nation to start the socialist educat-ion move- hastily came forth and up desperate oppo- ment in both town and countryside, Liu Shao-chi sition in a bid to stamp out the movement to sent a work team with his wife as the leader to build Taehai-type counties. Wang Hung-wen Hopei Province's Taoyuan Production Brigade. rang up and asked for all the minutes of the Pretending to carry out the movement, she and other me-mbers of the work team attacked the eonfererlce, trying to eollect blacklist informa- cadres and poof and-Iower-middlb peasants who tion on Comrade Hua Kuo-feng and other lead- persisted in taking the socialist road and shielded ing comrades in the central authorities. Yao the bad elements in an attempt to bring about a Wen-yuan forbade the journal Hongqi to carry capitalist restoration there. Liu Shao-chi and company lauded the so-called "experience of Tao- Comrade Hua Kuo-feng's report, saying: "We yrar" io the skies and plotted to popularize it won't publish it," "I just don't want to print throughout the country.

8 Peking Retsieu, No. 2 checked off the document, it does not necessarily No. 21." As a result of obstructions by the mean he, agrees. Weill have to see. Let him "gang of four," the directive was not issued. (referring to Comrade Hua Kuo-feng ?r.) put In May and June this year, the State Coun- on a show." How - devilish reactionary they were! cil directed the Ministry of Agriculture and Comrade Hua Kuo-feng's speech at the Forestry to convene on-the-spot meetings on meeting on the criticism of Teng Hsiao- summer harvesting, planting and field manage- ping in February this year was discussed and ment in northern China and on rice growing in endorsed by the Political Bureau and had the south. On the authority of the Party Cen- Chairman Mao's approval. The speech clearly tral Committee, I conveyed at these meetings pointed out that the movement should be con- Chairman Mao's instructions concerning the so- ducted under the centralized leadership of the cialist education movement, reiterated the need Party Committees at all levels and that no to conscientiously implement the Central Com- attempt should be made to ferret out Teng's mittee Document No. 21 and stressed support agents at various levels. Trying to undermine for the work of Party Committees at all levels the Party's centralized leadership, the "gang of and grasping revolution and promoting produc- four" went. their own way and put in their oar tion. This hit the "gang of four's" sore point. everywhere and glamoured for ferreting out Their dgents in Shanghai and Soochow challeng- people at all levels and even "a layer of per- ed that I was not qualified to represent the sons," in an attempt to overthrow a large-num- Party Central Committee and smeared my ber of Party, government and army leading speech as being "100 per cent the theory of pro- conrades at the central and local levels. ductive forces," and that I "know only how to Chairman Mao instructed: "Don't affect indus- work hard and sweat but know nothing about try, agriculture, commerce and the army." But the political line." they instigated and ganged up with some peo- In spite of the fact that Chairman Mao's ple to form "fighting groups," squawking: health had deteriorated, Chiang Ching went to 'oDon't produce for the wrong line." They made Tachai for the second time on September 2 to trouble everywhere, paralysing some Party and relax by enjoying the landscape, going on government organizations, effecting capitalist horseback and -'watchi4g the deer. As .soon as restoration in several places and turning loose she got off the train, she turned on Tachai and monsters of all kinds to launch fierce attacks truculently said: "I've come to fight the revi- against the Party. sionist line." She raved that "Tachai iS lagging Owing to the interference and sabotage by behind politieaily" and "following the revision- the "gang of four," some places became uncer- ist line." She"intended to pull down at one tain and wavering in implementing Document stroke the red banner of Tachai which,Chairman No. 21 issued by the Party Central Committee Mao had put up. She wanted to establish an- in 1975, and some other places recalled their other "model." Whom did she have in mind? work teams conducting education in the Party's Her own self. basic line. In view of this, the Party Central There are irrefutable proofs of the heinous Committee planned in April this year to tele- crimes of the f 'gang of four" in interfering with phone a directive reaffirmi4g the corectness of and sabotaging the movement to learn from Ta- Document No. 2'I and of carrying out education chai and build Tachai-type counties throughoiit in the Party's basic line in the rural areas, con- the country. They opposed going alt out to crit- solidating Party organizations and rectifying the icize revisionism and capitalibm and build so- work style and sending work teams to the coun- cialism, and they tried to pull down the red tryside, and insisting on following through on banner of Tachai. The essence of their actions all these. Chang Chun-chiao said insolently: was to usurp Party and state power, change "Who knows whether this education in basic the Party's basic line and restore capitalism. line is correct or not!" "Ttre reactionary Confronted with the counter-revolutionary Iine made work teams go down and forbade attacks by the "gang of four,l' Tachai and Hsi- them'to return to their units to rebel. Is this yang once again set an example for us by their permissible?" and "Now we mustn't carry on resolute struggle against the gang. With the according to the plans mapped out in Document masses and cadres standing firm against the evil

Januarg 7,7977 wind and overcoming all interference, the rnove- alone. Polarization of rich and poor re-emerged, ment to learn from Tachai in agriculture pro- black markets became ra3npant and.the collec- gressed amid the storrns of class struggle. The tive economy disintegrated. Class enemies rode more than 300 counties which already excelled roughshod over the people, and the poor and in the movement have been consolidated and lower-middle peasants were thrown into misery. made further progress. Another hundred or so There, cadres who upheld the collective. were counties joined the ranks of advanced units in stigmatized as "capitalist-roaders," while those learnlng from Tachai this year. Many provinces who incited going it alone were dubbed "revolu- have persisted in conscientiously learning from tionaries." The example of Wenchow shows Tachai and launched large-scale education in the that if the "gang of four" had seized power, Party's basic line, and large numbers of counties eapitalist restoration would have emerged have come to the fore in the movement to learn throughout the country, our country would have from Tachai. Spurred on by the education in changed colour and the people would again the Party's basic line, Shpntung, Kiangsu and have been thrown into the abyss of suffering. Anhwei Provinces have made rapid progress in Now that the of four" has been top- agricultural production. In 1975 Shantung in- "gang pled, its seheme to sabotage the movement to creased its grain output by 2,750,000 tons com- learn from Tachai and build Tachai-type coun- pared with 19?4, and this year the province ties has also been smashed to smithereens. chalked up another increase of 2,500,000 tons. Even in areas seriously affected by the "gang of But liquidating their pernicious effect and four's" interference, many counties have stood influence calls for tremendous efforts. We must firm and persisted in implementing Document grasp the ultra-Right essence of the counter- No. 2l issued by the Central Committee, learnt revolutionary revisionist line of the "gang of from Tachai unswervingly and made new four" and thoroughly and penetratingly achievements. repudiate their crimes in opposing our However, we must note the fact that inter- efforts to criticize revisionism and capitalism and build socialism and in attempting to pull ference and sabotage by the "gang of four" did cause great losses to. the learn-from-Tachai down the red banner of Tachai. We should con- movement and to agricultural production, and tinue to conscientiously implement the sum- in places where they intervened directly, the ming-up report by Comrade Hua Kuefeng at consequences were even more serious. Agricul- last year's national learn-from-Tachai con- tural production in the six provinces of Yunnan, ferenee and persevere in criticizing revisionism Kweichow, Szechuan, Fukien, Chekiang and and capitalism and going all out to build social- Kiangsi has suffered serious disruption ir1 the ism. We must hold still higher the red banner past few years. In Wenchow, the most seriously of learninil from Tachai in agriculture, and do a affected prefecture, the situation in many places still better job in the movement to learn from deteriorated to such an extent that the land was Tachai and build Tachai-type counties through- divided up and commune members had to go it out the country.

lll. Continue to Deepen Educotion in the Porty's Bosic Line

Comrade Hua Kuo-feng's report at last published this year: "You are making the so- year's learn-from-Tachai conference expounded cialist revolution, and yet don't know where the the principles, policies and significance for bourgeoisie is. It is right in the Communist carrying out educatioh in the Party's basic line Pirty - those in power taking the capitalist in the rural areas in accordance with Chairman road. The capitalist-roaders are still on the Mao's theory of the dictatorship of the prole- capitalist road" has enabled us to get a deeper taridt. He pointed out: "Deepening education in understanding of the Party's basic line and the Party's basic line in the countryside is the raised our comprehension of the importance of fundamental guarantee for building Tachai-type education in the Party's basic line. We must counties." Chairman Mao's scientific thesis follow Chairman Mao's teachings and Chairman

10 Peking Review, No. 2 Hua's instructions and resolutely continue to cation in the Party's basic line. Once this battle deepen education in the Party's basic line. is won, the consciousness'of the cadres and At present, the primary task in carrying masses in class struggle and the two-line strug- gle out education in the Party's basic line in the will be greatly'enhanced and the tempo of countryside is to boldly arouse the hun- the movement to learn from Tachai in agricul- dreds of millions of peasants and wage a peo- ture and to build Tachai-type counties will be ple's war in exposing and denouncing the Wang- faster. The leadership at all levels must stand Chang-Chiang-Yao "gang of four." Our Party's in the forefront of the struggle and lead the struggle against the "gang of four" is, in essence, masses in using the facts in the rural areas. to a continuation of the protracted struggle waged thoroughly expose and denounee the vile crimes by the Chinese Communist Party and the revo- . of the "gang of four" in practising revisionism, lutionary masses led by it against the Kuomin- creating splits and engaging in conspiracies and tang reactionaries and a continuation of the intrigues under the guise of Marxism and class struggle between the proletariat and the attempting to usurp supreme Party and state bourgeoisie and of the struggle between Marx- power; thoroughly expose and denounce their ism and revisionism. The deepening of this strug- vile crimes in pushing the counter-revolutionary gle is a very down-to-earth and profound edu- revisionist line and trying to subvert the dictatorship of the proletariat and restore capi- talism; and thoroughly expose and denounce their towering crimes in opposing our efforts to criticize revisionism and capitalism and build ' socialism and in trying to pull down the red Our Porty's Bosic Line banner of Tachai to disrupt the learn-from- Tachai movement. A T the meeting on ttrt work of the Party Cen- fI 11a1 Committee in Peitaiho in August 1962 Representing the interests of the landlords, and at the Tenth Plenary Seqcisll of the Party's rich peasants, counter-revolutionaries and bad Eighth Central Committee, Chairman Mao put elements and new and old bourgeoisie and forward in a still more comprehensive way our taking the reactionary stand, the "gang of four" Party's basic line in the entire historical period opposed going all out to criticize revisionism o; sesialism. IIe pointed out: "Socialist society and capitalism and to build socialism. They covers a considerably long historical period. In rode roughshod over the people, committed all the historical Fdod of socialism, there are still manner of evil, and labelled and bludgeoned classes, class contradictions and elass struggle, p'eople at random. Anyone who learnt from Ta- there is the struggle between the socialist road chai was stigmatized as "not grasping class and the capitalist road, and there is the danger struggle':; anyone who iarried out education in of capitalist restoration- Tle must recognize the the Party's basic line was labelled as "directing protracted and complex nature of this struggle. the spearhead of attack downward" and as We must heighten our vigilance. We must con- "opposing the corrupt officials only and not the duct socialist education. TYe must correctly un- emperor*"; anyone who carried out consolida- derstand and handle class contradictions and tion of Party organizations and rectification of class struggle, distinguish the contradictions be- the style of work was eharged with "capitalist tween ourselves and the enemy from those among the people and handle them correctly. * In eriticizing the novel Water Margin, Chalr- btherwise a socialist country like ours will turn man Mao pointed out: "Water Margin opposed the degenerate, and a capital- corrupt officials only and hot the emperor." Em- into its opposite and ploying their customary trick of tampering with ist restoration will take place. From now on Chairman Mao's directives, the "gang of four" used we must remind ourselves of this every year, these words and attacked the movement in the every month and every day'so that we can re- rural areas to consolidate the Party organizations prob- and rectify the style of work as only rectifying at tain a rather sober understanding of this the grass-roots level and not the Central Commit- lem and have a Marxist-Leninist line." tee. Thus they were actually directing the spear- head of their attack against the Party Central Committee headed by Chairman Mao.

January 7,7977 11 ffi""f ffi ffi ffi It&ffi sfr restoration" and "retrogression"; anyone who "theory of productive forres" is $i on the other !i$' dispatched work teams to the countryside whether one attaches the development of pro- was accusd of "pursuing a bourgeois ductive forces to socialism or to capitalism, that ,nf i l$1 reactionary line"; anyone wtro stressed the is to say, the criterion is which road one really l:iilr. centralized leadership of the Party was takes. What we want to criticize is the erroneous :illi ;.r' accusd of "supporting the capitalist-roaders tendency of not grasping class struggle, not and suppressing the revolution"; and anyone caring about politics and not taking the socielist who went all out to build socialism was road. We certainly do not criticize the develop- accused oT practising the "theory of productive ment of socialist production. forces," Charges and accusations were hurled In carrying out education in the Party's right and left and the big stick was used here, basic line, we should organize the cadres and there and everywhere, seriously dampening the masses to conscientiously study Marxism- socialist enthusiasm of the cadres and masses. Leninism-Mao Tsetung Thought, repudiate the In a considerable number of places, confusion revisionist fallacies spread by the "gang of "in people's was created minds and in the class four," smash the ideological shackles they im- ranks, and Party organizations were messed up; posed on the people and distinguish Marxism the centralized leadership of the Party was dis- from revisionism, socialism from capitalism, rupted, the democratic centralism of the Party materialism and dialectics from idealism and Violated, Party unity sabotaged, the Partyls fine metaphysics. We should hold high the great tradition trampled'on, efforts to grasp revolu- red banner of Mao Tsetung Thought and march tion and promote production thwarted and the steadfastly along the road of learning from dictatorship of the proletariat undermined. They Tachai in agriculture. wanted to change the Party's basic line, turn back the wheei of history, reinstate the over- In carr5ring out education in the Party's thrown class enemies and fling the poor and basic line, it is necessary to do a good job of lower-middle peasants back into misery. consolidating Party organizations and rectifying the style of work. We should conduct Marxist The fact that the "gang of four" opposed education on a wide scale among the Party going all out to build socialism and hurled members and cadres, wage active ideological charges of practising the "theory of productive struggle and more firmly uphold the three basic forces" at random showed that they did not principles "Practise Marxism, and not revision- understand Marxism-Leninism at all. At ism; unite,. and don't split; be open and the current conference, all eomrades have aboveboard, and don't intrigue and conspire." studied Chairman Mao's On tbe Ten Major The problems of line, revolutionary drive, style Relationships and seen through the revisionist .four" of work and 'unity must be solved well and the absurdity of the "gang of more clearly. influence of the "gang of four" must be As regards this garrg, "metaphysics is rampant." eliminated politically, ideologically and They pitted politics against economics, revolution organizationally. Resolute struggles must be against production, the relations of production waged against the few unrepentant capitalist- against the productive forces and the super- roaders practising revisionism, creating splits strucfure against the economic base, in complete and engaging in intrigues and conspiracies. In violation of Marxism-Leninism-Mao Tsetung some places, Party members and cadres must Thought. Chairman Mao pointed out: "There be educated to overcome bourgeois factionalism is absolutely no doubt about the unity of politics and,strengthen proletarian Party spirit. The and economics, the unity of politics and tech- Party organizations at all levels should be built nique. This is true now and will always be into united and militant leading cores that true," "Ideological work and political work are resolutely implement Chairman Mao's revolu- tht! gdarantee lor accomplishing economic work tionary line and policies. In consolidating the and technical work, and they serve the econom- Party organizations at the grass-roots level, the ic base. Moreover, ideology and politics are cases-where power in some people's communes the commander, the soul." The difference be- and production brigades. is in the hands of bad tween grasping revolution and promoting pro- elements, political degenerates, persons eager in duction on the one hand and practising the taking the capitalist road, and goody-goodies

12 Peking Reuiew, No. 2 and those whose ideology still remains at the to individuals. Firm criticism should be made stage of the democratic revolution should be of capitalistic activities carried out under the handled carefully according to the different signboard of the collective and the collective nature of each case. While stress is put on economy of the people's communes should be ideological rectification in the course of consol- switched back on to the correct path and con- idating Party organizations and rectifyin! ttre solidated and strengthened. stytre of work, organizational rectification In carrying out education in the Party's should be carried out where it is really neces- basic line, the Panty's policies should be grasp- sary, so as to ensure that leading power is truly ed well and the two different types of contradic- in the hands of Marxists and the poor and tions those between ourselves and the enemy lower-middle peasants. - and those . amoog the leople themselves and correctly- Cadres at all levels must persist in taking should be- strictly differentiated people by educating pa4t in collective productive labour. The cadres handled. "Help more target of attack"' The at the county, commune. and brigade levels them and narrow the majority of our cadres are good must do physical labour for 100, 200 and 300 overwhelming good. As regards comrades ' days a year respectively. It is essential to take or comparatively including those a correct attitude towards the Great Proletarian who have committed mistakes, mistakes, we must Cultural Revolution, towards the masses and who have committed serious from past towards oneself, warm).y support the. socialist adhere to the policy of "learning ones and 6qfng the new things and make conscious efforts to re- mlstakes to avoid future patient." It will be all right strict bourgeois is necessary uphold sickness to save the right. It to correct the principle of combining the oid, the middle- provided those who have made mis,takes cadres must be aged and the young in leading bodies and it u*. A relative stability in grass-roots level' The sabo- actively train and select new emerging forces maintained at the of the landlords, rich peasants, in accordance with the five requirements for taging activities and bad elements and worthy successors to the proletarian revolution- countlr-revolutionaries and old bourgeois elements must be ary cause. The "May 7" cadre schools should be new severely dealt with, and counter-revolutionaries run well. Educated young people who go to and those who have indulged in mistreating settle countryside should given due. in the be people, destruction and looting must be res- care and encouragement dnd they should be olutely suppressed. helped to give full play to their role in the three basic line should great revolutionary. movements of class strug- Education in the Party's and systematic gle, the struggle for production and scientific be carried out in a well-guided centralized leadership of the experirnent. way under the . county Party committees by the method of In carrying out education in the Party's combining work both inside and outside the basic line, effective methods must be adopted Party, in both urban and rural areas and at "constanfly to imbue the peasant masses with both selected points and in entire areas' Ef- the socialist ideology and to criticize the ten- fective work teams should be dispatched' They dency towards capitalism." The Tachai people should not take everything into their own have said correctly: "Without blocking the hands, but should rely on the commune Party capitalist road one cannot take the socialist committees and Party branches at the grass- road." Resolute measures must be taken against roots level and the poor and lower-middle embezzlers and grafters, speculators and profi- peasants. It is necessary to draw up an overall teers; corrections must be made resolutely in plan, grasp one-third of the work well each year the few places where san ziAi bao (the extension .and persist in doing so for a long time so that of plots for private use and of free markets, the the task of consolidating the dictatorship of increase of small enterprises with sole responsi- the proletariat is fulfilled right through to the bility for their own profits or losses, and the grass-roots level and every county is built into fixing of farm output quotas for individual a fighting bastion that upholds Chairman Mao's households with each on its own Tr.\ has been proletarian revolutionary line and adheres to practised and where land has been- distributed the socialist road.

January 7,7977 13 lV. lt ls lmperotive to Bring About Greoter Development of Chino's Agriculture

The present excellent situation calls for It is necessar5r to implement the Eight- greater and faster expansion of our country's Point Charter* for agriculture in an all-round socialist agriculture. This is a matter of com- way and raise the level of scientific farming. mon concern to the people throughout China, a It is imperative, in particular, to make unremit- matter that has an overall bearing on the ting efforts to undertake capital constnrction on high-speed development of our country's social- the farmland in a big way, do a good job of ist economic construction. this great socialist undertaking and ensure high and stable farm yields. We have achieved We have now a number of advanced tremendous successes in this respect but the counties that have distinguished themselves in development has been rather uneven; in a few learning from Tachai and we have reaped rich places mountains and rivers have remained as harvests for 15 years in a row, thus ensuring food they were.before and the people there still live and clothing for our 800 million people. This at the mercy of the elements. ThiS state of is a very great achievement. But we must take affairs must not be allowed to continue. We note of the fact that the interference and sabo- must wage.an all-out people's war for farmland tage by Liu Shao-chi, Lin Piao and the "gang capital construction by combining mass of four" were sgrious and tem- .the that the movement with the ranks of professionais. We po agricultural development fallen o{ has must display the revolutionary spirit of self- far short of the demands of the great principle reliance and hard struggle typilied by Tachai, strategic "Be prepared against fear neither hardship nor death and resolve to war: be prepared against disas- natural work hard throughout the year and for a long ters, and do everything for the people' time to bring about a great change in the and the requirements of our country's mountains and and new look the socialist revolution and socialist construction. rivers a to The more enthusiastically people We must keep to the general line of "going all land. the work, the more should be concerned with out, aiming high and achieving greater, faster, we their well-being, pay methods of better and more economical results in buitding attention to and guard and com- socialism," continue to implement the general work against coercion mandism. We must make that after few principle of "taking agriculture as the founda- sure a years work 1980, will be tion and industry as the leading factorf in of hard and by there average hectare of land develbping the national economy, further an of one-fifteenth of a for one person in the rural areas, land giving consolidate and expand the collective economy high and stable yieids irrespective of drciught of the people's communes, and make a leap from and waterlogging. small-scale farming with animal-drawn farm implements to large-scale mechanized farming. We must step up the pace of f,arm Spurred on by the struggle to penetratingly ex- mechanization. Damage has been done to our pose and relentlessly criticize the "gang of four," iron and steel industry in the last few years as we must resolutely fulfil the fighting tasks set a result of interference and sabotage by the by the Party Central Committee: Build' more "gang of four," which affected the prbgress of than one-third of the counties into Tachai-type farm mechanization. We must race against counties by 1980; realize in the main the time, surmount all difficulties and resolutely mechanization of farming throughout the push forward farm mechanization work. It is country; take grain as the key link and ensure necessary to learn from the experience of an all-round development, top the targets set in the National Programme for Agricultural Development and overfulfil the plans for pro- * The Eight-Point Charter for agriculture: soil duction grain, cotton, edible oil, hogs and improvement, rational application of fertilizer, of water conservancy, improved seed strains, rational various industrial crops and in forestry, animal close-planting, plant protection, field management husbandry, side occupations and fisheries. and innovation of farm implements.

14 Peking Reuieu, No. 2 Hopei, Shantung, the Kwangsi Chuang Autono- the commune and brigade levels is still fairly mous Region, Kiangsu, Hunan, Anhwei and weak. We should give wholehearted support to other provjnces, rely on the masses, display the such newborn things as commune- and brigade- spirit of self-reliance, make full use of local run enterprises in line with Chairman Hua's resources and energetically expand small local instructions in his letter on the expansion of industries and manufacture of farm machinery, commune- and brigade-run enterprises. We and produce more chemical fertilizer, pesticides, should strengthen leadership in real earnest, farm machines and parts, and plastic sheeting. keep to the socialist orientation, incorporate While the provinces, municipalities and autono- production, supply and marketing into state mous regions should mainly rely on their own plans step by step and promote the growth of efforts, the state should make big elforts to help the economy at the commune and brigade them develop small local iron and steel and levels so as to create conditions for the gradual other industries supporting agriculture and transition*. ensure aecomplishment of the great task the It is necessary to adhere to the principle of Mao realizing farm set by Chairman of running the communb. diligently and thriftily mechanization in the main by 1980. and in a democratic way, strengthen manage- It is necessary to give full scope to the ment, practise economic accounting, and people's communes' advantages of being bigger conscientiously improve distribution work. Some in scale and having a more developed socialist places now are overstaffed with non-productive nature than the former agricultural co-ops and personnel and overburdened with non-produc- consolidate and develop the people's commune tive expenditures, and there has been serious system. As early as the initial stage of the waste and extravagance. Some other places people's commune movement, the great leader have no reserve funds or very small amounts Chairman Mao noted: "Ite advance from of accumulation funds. Efforts should be made incomplete ownership by the GDmmune toward in an earnest way to solve these problems which complete, single ownership by the commune is are detrimental to consolidatingi the people's a process in which the level of production of communes and mobilizing the commune mem- the poorer production teams is raised to that of bers' enthusiasm for socialism. "lYe must the better-off production teams as well as a consider all three, the state, the collective and process of expanding the cornrnune public ac- the individual," and correctly handle the rela- cumulation funds, developing commune-run tionship between accumulation and consump- industries and realizirg tbc mechanization and tron. "Except in case of exttaordinary natural electrificatipn of agriculture and the industrial- disasters, we must see to it that, given increased ization of the'commune arrd the country as a agricultural production, 90 per cent of the co- whole. Although 1tr6 things directly owned by operative members get some -increase in their the commune, such as Gotmmune-run enterprises income and the other 10 per cent break even and other undertaliogs'ud public accumula- each year, and if the latter's income should fall, tion and wellare fuads et 1tr9 disposal of the ways must be found to solve the problem in commune, are still linrilsd at present, herein good time." lies our great and bdght hope." We must follow Practical steps should be taken to help the Chairman Mao's instructions and energetically poorer communes and production brigades expand commune- and brigade-run enterprises change their conditions. Party-committees at and strengthen the economy at the commune and brigade levels. Considerable progress has * Gradual transition means transition to owner- been made in developing commune- and ship by the rural people's commune. At the pres- brigade-run enterprises since the start of the ent stage, the rural people's ccrmmunes generally take the form of three-level ownership, that is, Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution. By 1975, ownership by the commune, the production brigade 90 per cent of the communes and 60 per cent and the production team, with the last as the basic of the brigades in the country had set up accounting unit. When the time is ripe, this will enterprises totalling over 800,000. But leading gradually pass over to the system of ownership with the brigade or even the commune as the basic comrades in some piaces have not yet given accounting 'unit and, in the distant future, to them adequate attention, and the economy at ownership by the whole people.

January 7,7977 15 all levels should strengthen their leadership, worker-peasant alliance. We should, on the one conduct conscientious investigation and study hand, organize the timely supply of manufac- and take effective measures to help deepen the tured goods to the countryside to aid agricul- movement to leafn from Tachai. While the tural production and, on the other, educate the communes and brigades should rely on their cadres and commune members to resolutely own efforts, the state should give them neces- fulfil state targets for planting food and sary support in funds, mateiial, technique and industrial crops and ensure fulfilment of the equipment. state purchase quotas, and aid industry and towns by supplying the cities and industrial and Serious efforts should be made make a to rnining areas with more industrial raw materials success of state farms for growing crops and and foodstuffs. 1'3i,sing animals as well as state forestry and fishing enterprises. These undertakings, which The shattering of the "gang of four" has have tremendous potential and offer a large greatly'liberated the productive forces. With the proportion of marketable products, have broad mobilization of the whole Party and the efforts prospects. We must strengthen leaclership over of the people of the whole country, we can cer- them and give full scope to the'agvantages bf tainly make up for the time lost as a result of ownership by the whole people and the exem- interference and sabotage by the "gang of four" plary role it plays. and bring about a'greater and faster develop- ment of oui country's agriculture. The tre- Doing a good job in the exchange of com- mendous expansion of agriculture will in turn modities between town and countryside is a motivate and promote a new upsurge in the major issue related to the consolidation of the entire national economy.

V. Porty Secretories Toke o Hond Themselves ond the Whole Porty Goes All Out to Develop Agriculture

There will soon be a new upsurge in the under the Central Committee and state organs movement to build more Tachai-type cpunties. to contribute to,building Tachai-type counties Party ccimmittees at all levels should strengthen should be reported to the central authorities in their leadership as effectively as they did in January or February next year. It is necessary leading .the land reform and the movements to further strengthen rural medical and health for co-operatives and people's communes and work, and do a good job in curing and prevent- make sure that Party secretaries take a hand ing schistosomiasis and other local diseases and themselves and the whole Party goes all out to in family planning. develop agriculture. The key to building Tachai-type counties Provincial Party committees should is the county Party committees. The existing conscientiously grasp agriculture and the move- Tachai-type counties should continue to consol- ment to learn from Tachai in agriculture and idate and develop, while the other counties build Tachai-type counties throughout the should strive to build themselves into Tachai- country. AII seven sectors industry, agricul- type counties at the earliest possible date. 'ture, commerce, culture -and education, the Acting in accordance with the six criteria* for army, the government and the ,Party at the building Tachai-type counties put forward by central and local levels, and all departments- and Chairman Hua, they should analyse the exist; trades should go a step further and take ef- ing conditions in their own counties, mobilize fective measures to do a good job in building the masses to discuss tully and work out their Tachai-type counties throughout the country. programmes for building Tachai-type counties The programmes of all provinces, municipalities and the yearly plans for implementing them, and autonomous regions for building Tachai- which must be seriously carried out. Check- type countigs in 197? shouldte finalized at this ups and appraisals of the work done should be conference. The plans of vari-ous departments , made periodicaliy. From now on, the Party

16 Peking ;Retti.eus, No. 2 committees of all provinces, municipalities anh time before or after next year's summer har- autonomous regions should start, on the basis vest, the Party secretaries .of all provinces,. of the programmes made by various counties; municipalities and autonomous regions in to draw up an agricultural development prog- charge of agriculture to a meeting at which ramme of their own for the period ending 1985. they are to r€port on the wcirk in selected spots. We should firmly put into practice Chairman The central departments concerned and the Mao's teaching: {'All secretaries of the provincial, prefectural and Ieading organs at provincial, municipal and prefectural Party county levels should introduce the "three-thirds committees and the leading comrades of the system" with one-third of their cadres organized central departments should exert themselves year into work teams to go deep into the every and, on the basis of raising their level of rural areas, eat, live and work together with Marxism-l,eninism, turn themselves into experts poor lower-middle peasants, and take the and versed in both p

January 7, 1977 17 At Welcome Bonquet Given by the Stote Council

Vice-Premier Li Hsien'nien's Speech t .Following are highlights of the speech. - independence, nations want liberation, and the r Ed.. people want revolution these trends have i converged into an irresistible- historical tide ! i. AN behalf of Chairman and Premier Hua cleaning up the mire of the old world. The r t/ Kuo-fe.rg and the Chinese Government and people of the numerous third v/orld countries I people, I wish to extend our warm welcome to are playing an ever growing role'as the main Major General Ziaur Rahman and the other force in the united struggle against imperialism, I guests &. distinguished from Bangladesh." colonialism and hegemonism." I! "In recent years, the people of Bangladesh "In recent years, the situation in South have achieved marked success in their unremit- Asia has also been developing in a direction ting struggle against hegemonism and elpan- more and more favourable to the people and sionism. Particularly in the past year, the Gov- unfavourable to imperialism and hegemonism. ernment and people' of Bangladesh led by The developments and changes in the situation Major General Ziaur Rahman, defying duress in South Asia, particularly in Bangladesh, are and pressure, have firmly defended their na- a profound proof that the South Asian peoples tional independence and state sovereignty, dis- are stronglf opposed to hegemonist and expan- playing lofty patriotism and heroism of daring sionist aggression, interference, subversion or to struggle. The Chinese Government and people contrpl and that they are determined to. protect express our highest admiration for this. We are their own national dignity and take the road of glad to note that the Government and people of independence. The superpower that flaunts the Bangladesh have also achieved very gratifying title of the so-called 'natural ally' of the third successes in developing their national economy, world is resorting to nice rhetoric and changeful especially in agricultural production. In foreign deceptive tactics. But its sinister intention to affairs, the Bangladesh Government pursues a control and enslave the South Asian countries policy of non-alignment, supports the just has been seen through by more and more peo- ple. just people struggles of ttre people of various eountries and The struggles waged by the of South Asian countries na- works to strengthen its unity, co-operation and the to defend their tional independence and state sovereignty dem- mutual assistance with other third world coun- onstrate that they are not to be bullied. In the tries, thus making a positive contribution to the end, the perversive actions of all reactionaries cause of unity of all peoples of the world against will prove to be boomerangs. We firmly be- imperialism, colonialism and hegemonism. The lieve that the people of the South Asian coun. Chinese people Government and sincerely con- tries will frustrate all enemy schemes and plots gratulate the Government and people of Bangla- so long as they maintain sharp vigilance, persist desh on your every achievement and wish you in struggle and strengthen their unity." continuous new victories on your road of advance !" Recalling the historic victories won in 1976, a most extraordinary year in China, he said: "At On the international situation, he said: 'At the beginning of 1977, a most promising year, the present the international situation is excellent Chinese people of all nationalities are full of con- and most heartening. The world is advancing fidence qpd fighting spirit.'n He continued: "Under amidst turmoil, and the people are awakening the leadership of the Party Central Committee in the course of their struggl'e. Countries want headed by Chairman Hua, the entire Chinese

18 Peking Retsieto, No. 2 people are determined to unite and wage a colonialism. In his lifetime our esteemed and common struggle to win still greater victories. beloved Premier Chou En-lai visited Dacca We will unswervingly implement Chairman twice and was accorded most ceremonious and Mao's revolutionary }ine and policies in the enthusiastic welcome by the Bengali people, the field of foreign affairs, strengthen our unity memory of whose friendly sentiments is still with the international proletariat, the people of fresh in the minds of the Chinese people. China the third world countries and the people of the and Bangladesh are both developing countries whole world and, together with them, carry the belonging to the third world. We note with struggle against imperialism and hegemonism satisfaction that since the establishment of dip through to the end." lomatic relations, the traditional friendship be- In conclusion, he said: "There is a pro- tween our two countries has made new progress found.traditional friendship between the peo- thanks to the joint efforts of our Govertrments ples of China bnd Bangladesh. Friendly contacts and peoples. The Chinese Government and peo- between the two peoples started more than a ple firmly support the Government and people thousand years ago. Our two peoples have al- of Banglidesh in their just struggle to safe- ways supported and sympathized with each guard national independence and state sover- other in the struggle against imperialism and eignty and resist foreign interference."

Maior General Ziaur Rahman's Speech

Follouing are highlights of the speech. - sumption of the supreme leadership of the Ed. Chinese nation. The qualities of initiative, firm- has said: "M/ prEsence here today also ness and wisdom that Chairman Hua al- ff-E displayed give Il affords me the sad but welcome opportuni- ready me confidence that under people ty to reiterate our solidarity with the Chinese his leadership the Chinese will march nation in their boundless grief at the passing from strength to strength." away of one of the greatest teachers and lead- On the foreign policy of Bangladesh, he ers of mankind, Chairman Mao Tsetung. We said: "We in Bangladesh feel that an edifice of in Bangladesh spontaneously shared your grief peace, r€gional as well as global, should be built at this irreparable loss. I personally convey to on the firm foundation of high and noble prin- you once ag*in today our sincere and heartfelt ciples of international conduct. Our accession condolences. to the various international organizations - the "During the year that has just passed, the United Nations, the Islamic Conference, the Chinese nation suffered other grievous losses in Non-Aligned Group - is based on the firm be- the passing away of their beloved Premier Chou lief that they reflect the basic aspirations of En-lai and their redoubtable revolutionary mankind for freedom from subjugation and e>:- fighter Chu Teh. On top of all these was added ploitation and their legitimate desire to shape the series of devastating earthquakes that rock- their destiny without pressure or interference ed the great land. It is a measure of the heroic from outside. quality great of the Chinese nation that un- "We believe that only in conditions of daunted by these calamities they grief turned stable peace will we be able to apply all our into strength under inspiring leadership of the energies to our national economic development Chairman Kuo-feng, already Hua and are which would lend meaning and substance to ahead goal. marchi-ng to their chosen our independence and sovereignty. We, there- "It is my great privilege on this occasion fore, view with concern the fact that there are to convey our warmest felicitations on his as- regions where stable equilibrium has yet to be

January 7,1977 19 reached. The situation in the Middle East con- tion with our close neighbours on the basis of tinuds to pose a threat to peace in Asia. We mutual "".p"tt for equality, independence and believe that a just and lasting peace in the non-interference in each other's internal affairs. Middle East can be established only on the basis The stresses and strains in the affairs of the of complete Israeli withdrawal from all occupied subcontinent have not deterred u$1n our resolve Arab land and the exercise by the Palestinians to consolidate our sovereignty and safeguard of their inalienable rights insluding the estab- our genuir.re and true independence. We have lishment of their own state. Another area of persisted in this inspite of the loss .of many grave tension and conflict is southern Africa valuable lives and notwithstanding the disrup- where minority, racist regimes of Zimbabwe, tion caused among the inhabitants of our bor- Namibia and South Africa continue to deny the der areas and the hardships caused by diversion legitimate rights to the majority 'population. of the waters of the River Ganges. We desire History has demonstrated again and again that to seek solutions of these problems on the basis the right of self-determination cannot be denied of equity and justice, and look forward to the to peoples conscious of their rights and pre- continuance of our dialogue with our neighbour. pared to fight for them. Unless the racist re- "Bangladesh stands shoulder to shoulder gimes power rightful owners, hand over to their with the people of the third world in their the struggle of the people will eontinue. struggle against expansionism and hegemonism. "We believe that the Indian Ocean should Bangladesh supports the just struggle of the be declared a zone of peace. In order to make third world countries for establishment of a new this meaningful the littoral and hinterland international economic order." of force states should renounce the threat or use On Bangladesh-China relations, he said: against one another. "We in Bangladesh consid€r ourselves a close "Left far behind in the march of history, neighbour of your great country. We have no what we in Bangladesh have is a commitment eommon border but at the closest point our ter- to enduring peace, stability and harmonious re- ritories are within miles of each other." He lations among countries in the South Asian continued: "Although diplomatic r.elations be- subcontinent. Only such conditions will enable tween our two countries are new, the friendship us to devote our entire energy to tackling the between our peoples has endured well over a critical problems of hunger, disease, illiteracy millennium." He concluded: "Today, geograph- and unemployment. To this end we have con- ical and historical factors.have been reinforced sistently pursued a policy of maintaining rela- by an identity of intent and purpose."

r I (Continued from P. 4.) spect Yugoslav indePendence Dusan Petrovic, President of I and sovereignty, saying that the Yugoslav Socialist Allianee any interference in Yugoslav of the Working People, gave a Bijedic said that the Yugo- internal and external policy will banquet in honour of the dele- slav people rejoiced at this not be tolerated. gation. Milos Minic, Vice- achievement by the' Chinese President of the federal Exdcu- Dealing with relations be- people. tive Council and Secretary for tween Yugoslavia and China, Foreign Affairs, also met dele- In his remarks, President Bi- President Bijedic expressed the gation leader Chi anfl the other jedic said that Yugoslavia will hope that the two countries will members. continue to pursue firmly a increase mutual understanding non-aligned policy. Referring and friendship and further Wherever the delegation went, to relations with some big pow- develop their relations of co- the members were given a wbrm ers, he demanded that they re- operation in all respects. welcome.

20 Pekbw Retsieu, No. 2 World's People Praise Chairmim Mao's lmmense Contributions

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IUIORE than three months have elapsed since the people in Asia, Africa and Latin America IYI ilrc passing of the great leader and teacher praised Chairman Mao for "founding a new Chairman Mao Tsetung. Like the Chinese peo- China which has changed the face of the world." ple, the people the world over still mourn him They regarded the victory oT the Chinese rev- and pay tribute to him. He is eulogized by all olution as "an encouragement to the militancy the revolutioirary people, revolutionary political of the Asian, Afri,can and Latin American peo- parties and organizations and progressive public ple in their struggle for liberation." opinion in all countries as well as by many lead- The oppressed nations and oppressed pgopte ers of the third world. In different languages, of the world have come to realize through their they say: Although Chairman Mao Tsetung own experience that the road of armed struggle passed away, Mao Tsetung Thought and the rev- pointed out by Chairman Mao is the only road olutionary cause he pioneered "have taken root to their liberation. The people of Algeria who in the earth," hii teachings are "deeply printed fired the first shot in the war againsf French in our hearts," "the immense contributions of. colonial ru).e, fighters in some Latin Ameriean Mao Tsetung will warm for ever the hearts of countries . who are continuing their struggle in all the revolutionary. people in the world," his prison, revolutionary fighters in the jungles of name is "engraved in golden letters in the hearts some Southeast Asian countries, Palestinian of the working class throughout the world," and guerlillas and the freedom fighters in Zimbabwe his image "will shine for ever on mankind like and Namibia expressed profound sentiments in the sun and the moon," writing poems praising Chairman Mao and let- ters paying tribute to him and held rallies com- Gtorious Rood mernorating him. What their words boil down The people of the world deeply cherish the to is that the road charted by Chairman Mao is memory of Chairman Mao. The victory of the "a new and broad road" for the cause of libera- revolution of the Chinese people led by Chair- tion of the oppressed nations and oppressed peo- man Mao'blazed a new trail for the cause of ple the world over. Chairman Mao "made great liberation cf the oppressed nations and oppress- historic contributions that opened a new period ed people of the world. for the cause"of liberation of the people through- Many foreign friends have pointed out that out the world," and Chairman Mao's brilliant grows the great socialist China founded by Chairman thesis that "political power out of the 'a gun" Mao and standing erect like a giant in the East barrel of is a "beacon" and an "irefutable great guiding people their "has an inestimable influence" on all countries, truth" the world's in nations and people that want independence, revolutionary struggle. liberation and revolution. A Japanese radio The glorious road opened by the Chinese operator on board ship unfolded a map people under the leadership of Chairman Mao of the world as he thought of Chairman is encouraging the world's people to win new Mao. He noted the drastic changes that had victories in their struggle for independence and taken place in the world in the past 20 years and iiberation. more as an increasing n'umber of countries won independence'while imperialism, colonialism and Wise Strotegy hegemonism found the going tougher and The people of the world deeply cherish the tougher. All these changes, he said with emotion, .memory of Chairman Mao, because it was he were inseparable from the influence of the who, using ttre. Marxist method of class analysis victory of the Chinese revolution. That was why and applying dialectical materialism and histori-

January 7,1977 21 cal materialism, advanced the wise thesis of the a powerful ideological weapon for the people of three worlds after making a penetrating analysis all countries in their struggle against the two ilf the basic contradictions in the contemporary superpowers. A Japanese journal said: "Major era and the division and realignment of the in- events in re'al life have proved time and again ternational political forces. the correctness of Chairman Mao's views of the world situation. The strategic thought expound- Revolutionaries in many countries describe ed by Chairman Mao is giving more and more the following analysis of Chairman Mao's as ab- people the firm conviction that the wotldwide the solutely correct: The two superpowers struggle against hegemonism is rapidly growing States who- be' Soviet Union and the United and gaining momentum." long to the frrst world are the biggest- interna- tional oppressors and exploiters in the contem- As the main force'in the current worldwide porary eia and the source of a new world war; struggle against imperialism, colonialism and the developed countries of the second world op- hegemonism, the third world countries have press and exploit the third world eountries, further strengthened their. unity and are playing while at the same time they are oppressed, ex- a more and more important role. As a member ploited, controlled and intimidated by the su- of the third world, socialist China firmly sides perpowers; oppressed and exploited by colonial- with it and has won praise from the people of ism and imperialism, the numerous third world the third world countries. Ttre Malian paper countries are the main force in opposing impe- L'Essor (Progress) said: "We can say that Mao rialism, hegemonisrn of the two superpowers in Tsetung, through his contributions to Marxism, particular. Comrade E.F. Hill, Chairman of the integrated the demands of the socialist revolu- Australian Co{nmunist Party (Marxist-Leninist), tion with those of the national-liberation move. said: "Chairman Mao's Marxist-Leninist pro- ment. Indeed, since the October Socialist letarian foreign policy with its profound REvolution, people have said that the national analysis of the three worlds and the implication revolution of the people of the colonies and de- of this analysis correetly answered the all-im- pendencies has become an integral part of the portant question in the world class struggle socialist revolution the great world revolu- who are our friends and who are our enemies.- tion against imperialism.- However, it was Mao It corectly identified the world domination Tsetung who made the greatest contribution in strivings and menace of the two superpowers, making the third world realize thi's itself." ' emphasized the grave danger of Soviet social- lmperialism, showed the decisive role of the Struggle Agoinst Modern Revisionism position third world and correctly estimated the The people of the world deeply cherish the between the two superpowers of the countries niemory of Chairman Mao because it was he an analysis is a pow- and the third world. Such who initiated the struggle against modern re- weapon the hands of the proletariat erful in visionism with the Soviet revisionist renegade peoples the world it fills them with and of clique at the centre, inherited, defended and de- Octobre, organ- oI the Communist optimism." veloped Marxism-Leninism, greatly enriched Party of Switzerland (Marxist-Leninist), noted: the theoretical treasure house of Marxism and Mao Tsetung studied and analysed "Ccmrade advanced the international commurlist move- His the world situation in the past years. ment. analysis is the basis of the revolutionary foreign policy of the People's Republic of China and As a result of the usurpation o{ the Soviet the general strategy of the Marxist-Leninists of Party and state power by the Khrushchov- various countries." The works of Comrade Mao Brezhnev renegade clique, the Soviet Union, the poiitical Tsetung are "a compass in the struggle against birthplace of Leninism, changed colour the enemies." and the international communist movement was once thrown into a difficult situatlon r'![i1f61 The wise stralegic thought of Chairman clouds snow-laden, cotton. fluff flying,- none or Mao has been repeatedly borne out by the de- few the unfallen flowers," a situation described velopment of the objective reality and under- by Chairman Mao in his poem Winter Clouils stood by more and more people and has become in December 1962. The world's Marxist-Lenin-

22 Peking Reoieu, No. 2

i ists and revolutionaries will never forget Chair- in this struggle. Workers, peasants, students mari Mao's indelible contributions to the inter- and progressives in many capitalist countries are national communist movement in initiating with conscientiously studying the works of Chairman the sharpest farsightedness the movement to re- Mao and disseminating Mao Tsetung Thought, pudiate modern revisionism with the Soviet re- pledging to work harder than ever for the over- visionist renegade clique at the centre. They throw of capitalism. will never forget that it was Chairman Mao who The struggle against revisionism is also the "pointed out the orientation of advance for the greatest encouragement to the people of thc proletarian revolution" and "pushed human countries ruled by revisionist cliques. A Soviet history forward." This is another "great strug- citizen said that the Soviet people and all true gle of far-reaching historic significance" after Communists "must follow the example of Mao the great struggles launched by Marx and Lenin Tsetung and continue to persevere in revolu- in the history of the international communist tionary struggle." A Polish worker said: We movement. The Marxist-Leninist Parties and must continue to advance on the revolutionary organizations and revolutionary people of all road charted by Chairman Mao. countries sincerely praised Chairman Mao when they recalled this vigorous international anti- Continuing the ReYolution revisionist struggle. They pointed out: "Chair* People all over the world deeply cherish the man Mao Tsetung became the guide for the was he world revolution at the diffictilt moment" when memory of Chairman Mao, because it who, the Soviet revisionists "attempted to divert the for the first time in the history of the people and proletariat of various countries from development cf Marxism, explicitly advanced great revolution the road of revolution"; Comrade Mao Tsetung the theory of continuing the under the dictatorship of the proletariat. "once again pointed to the road to be followed by the working class and the Communist Party to Summing up the historical experience of the accomplish the socialist revolutign"; he "provid- proletarian revolution and the proletarian dicta- ed the Communists of the world with a weapon torship at home and internationally, the great so that they can carry aloft the banner of com- leader and teacher Chairman Mao Tsetung per- munism cast aside by the revisionists and carry sonally initiated and led the Great Proletarian on the struggle against capitalism and imperial- Cultural Revolution, and solved the problem of ism and for national and social emancipation combating and preventing revisionism and con- until final victory." tinuing the revolution by integrating theory practice. Tempered in this anti-revisionist struggle of with world historic significance, Marxist-Leninist The Great Proletariaq Cultural Revolution Parties and organizations in many countries is a brilliant embodiment of Chairman Mao's have plunged into the new struggle with greater great theory of continuing the revolution under resolve. Max Cluzot, General Secretary of the the dictatorship of'the proletariat. This rev- Marxist-Leninist Revolutionary Communist olution has been highly extolled by the revolu- Party of France, wrote in an article that Chair- tionary people of all countries. Some of them man Mao "strengthened politically and ideologi- have pointed out that "this revolution is aimed eally the revolutionary will of the working class at ensuring and consolidating the dictatorship enfeebled by revisionism and by the eJfects of of the proletariat," that "the great revolution the domination of revisionism." French revolu- testifies to the necessity of continuing the rev- tionaries have regarded the struggle against re- olution under the dictatorship of the prole visionism of all descriptions as "a decisive task." tariat,': and that it is "a landmark guiding Com- Some Marxist-Leninist Parties and organizations munists of all countries in the struggle against in Western Europe have voiced their determina- the bourgeoisie and revisionism and to advance tion to carry on the struggle against revisionism on the road leading to commuriism." and opportunist ideas of all sorts, taking Mao Through his thoroughgoing revolutionary Tsetung Thought as "the guide to action." And spirit, Chairman Mao provided the true Marxist- Marxist-Leninist Parties and organizations Leninist Parties and revolutionary people of the throughout the world are growing in strength whole world with the theory and practice eon-

January 7,1977 23 cerning how to prevent capitalist restoration in is of great immediate and tar-reaching histori- socialist society. An editorial in Nuersa Demo- cal significance for China as well as the whole oacia, organ of the Marxist-Leninist League of world. This grealvictory has had a tremendous Colombia, pointed out: How can the proletgriat worldwide impact and has been enthusiastically prevent capitalist restoration? What is to be hailed by the people of all countries. A state- done to solve this proljlem? "The great Lenin ment issued by a delegation of the Marxist- passed away before solving these questions in Leninist Communists of France said: "The practice. Summing up the new experiences of victory over the clique of ambitious, anti-Party the dictatorship of the proletariat, principally and anti-people elements is a historic guarantee t r those of China and the Soviet Union, and un- that China will remain red under the leadership I compromisingly defending the legacy of Marx, of its Communist Party headed by Chairman Engels, Lenin arid Stalin, Mao Tsetung pointed Hua Kuo-feng." Kang Hyon Su, Member of out explicitly for the first time in the history of the Central Committee of the Korean Workers' Marxism that classes and class struggle still Party and Chief Secretary of the Party's Pyong-' exist after the socialist transformation of the yang Municipal Committee, pointed out that the ownership of the means of production has been Communist Party of China and the Chinese peo- fundamentally completed, and that the bour- ple have smashed the plot of the "gang of four" geoisie is right in the Communist Party, He to usurp Party and state power and that they elaborated the whole theory of continuing the support Hua Kuo-feng, successor to Chairman revolution under the dictatorship of the prole- Mao, as Chairman o{ the e.p.C. Central Com- tariat. One practice of this theory has been the mittee and Chairman of its Military Commis- Great Cultural Revolution participated in by sion, "thus carrying out Comrade Mao Tsetung's China's millions of proletarian masEes." This behests and advancing triumphantly along the great theory and shining practice are new con- road of socialism and communism charted by tributions of paramount importance by Chair= Chairman Mao Tsetung." This is why the man Mao in the history of the development of world's Marxist-Leninists and revolutionary Marxism; they represent a most brilliant chapter masses speak with one voice: "This is a great in the history of proletarian revoluiion. victory of Mao Tsetung's Marxist-Leninist pro- The great leader and teacher Chairman Mao letarian line over the bourgeois.revisionist line." has left us for ever. While the proletariat and ** revoiutionary people throughout the world were Like the sun and the moon. Chairman Mao's overwhelmed with grief and deeply mourned great thought shines brightly and his glorious him, hoped they all that the Communist Party contributions will live for ever! The revolution- of China and the Chinese people would carry ary people of many countries are resolved to out the late Chairman's behests and persevere study more conscientiously the works by Marx, in continuing the revolution under the dictator- Engels, Lenin and Stalin and Chairman'Mao's ship of the proletariat to ensure that China will works and carry out the late Chairman's behests never change political colour. Carrying out his with concrete action. An American friend said: predecessor's behests, Chairman Hua Kuo-feng, "We, the,working people of the world, are Mao's people the wise leader, of the Chinese and the suecessols" and "\tr'e will continue the cause for successor personally selected by the late great which he fought" uttiil thu great goal of "com- leader and teacher Chairman Mao, shattered at munism has finally been achieved." A Sri one stroke the counter-revolutionary plot of the Lankan friend wrote f€rvently in his poem "gang of four" the anti-Party clique of Wang Etermal Glory to Comrode Mao Tsetung: Hung-wen, Chang- Chunrchiao, Chiang Ching dreams and Yao Wen-yuan to usurp Party and state "Bringing into reality your optimistic po!r,er. This great political- revolution is a mo- 'East is red' and 'world is red' is left to us. mentous application of Chairman Mao's great "That world ,,vill be dedicateci to your theory of continuing the revolution under the golden name, holding aloft the banner of dictatorship of the proletariat. It will further victory." eonsolidate and develop the fruits of victory of the Great Proietarian Cultural Revolution and ( H sinhu a C ort' e sp o nd, ent )

24 Peking Reuieu, No. 2 Revol utionory lvlemoir Chairmon Mao's lnspection Tour Of Nonniwsn*

by Tung Ting-heng

N-ANNIWAN in July 1943. Lush green paddy- the briefing without so much .as eating lunch, r r fields; maize and soy bean crops swaying some comrades went to clean up the caves, in the gentle breeze. A bumper harvest was in others to put things in order in the newly built sighrt. With the cherry-apple, maple and chest- houses. Comrades of the cooking squad went.to nut trees on the hills as a backdrop, the farm- the kitchen garden for fresh vegetables, to the land below made picturesque Nanniwan more pig-sty for fat hogs and rounded up the chickens. attractive than ever. Someone said: "Let's show Chairman Mao some- thing of everything we've raisbd and grown." As we were hoeing in the fields of maize Someone else disagreed: There's no one swelterin$ day at noon, a messenger from "Impossible! room for so many whole cave's brigade headquarters came along and, out of things even if the at our dibposal!" breath, shouted from a distance: "Hurry, the Brigade Commander wants some of you men to Transferred from the anti-Japanese front in go back to headquarters!" Having wiped the north China to the Shensi-Kansu-Ningsia Bor- sweat off my face, I put my hoe on the ground der Region three years earlier on the order of and asked: "What's up?" "I've no idea either, the Party Central Committee and Chairman you better hurry," he replied. Mao, the 359th Brigade originally had been one I was then head of the Fourth- Section of of the Eighth Route Army's main forces. the 359th Brigade Headquarters. I reckoned Then, the Kuomintang reactionaries had be- that something important must be happening. sieged the Border Region with an armed force Otherwise, the Brigade Commander would not of 300,000, coupling this with military attacks have sent someone to walk more than ten kilo- metres to get w back. This thought gave wings ' + Nanniwan is located southeast of Yenan in to my feet and in no time I "flew" back to Gold- north Shensi. Because of the attacks by the Japa- en Basin Bay, nese invaders and the en'circlement and blockades seat of the brigade headquarters. by the Kuomintang reactionaries in the middle of Brigade the period of the War of Resistance Against Japan. Commander Wang Chen broke the in 1941-43, the Liberated Areas had encrmous news the moment we entered the cave: "So financial difficulties. In response to a call by you're back. Get things ready, Chairman Mao Chairman Mao, government organizations, schools will be here tomorrow!" I was overjoyed at the and armed forces in the Shensi-Kansu-Ningsia Border Region and other Liberated Areas launehed news. .Iust to make sure, however, I asked: large-scale production campaigns that resulted in "Did ycu .say Chairman Mao will be here?" both the army and civilians successfully tiding "Yes, Chairman Mao," the Brigade Comman- over the difficulties. The Eighth Route Army's in der smiled, "You must be excited!" 359th Brigade moved into Nanniwan to engage a campaign for large-scale production. Because of production self-sufficieney I really was excited and a while its remarkable and for did not achievements, it became oRe of the. best known know what to say. We got busy at once after army units at that time.

January 7,1977 25 and economic blockades, and clamouring that factories also were available to civilian con- they intended to "starve the Eighth Route Army sumers. One folk song described Nanniwan as t: to death and destroy it by siege." The task the south China countryside in northern Shensi I entrusted to us by Chairman Mao was to rely where food crops grew in abundance and cattle ii. on our own efforts and develop production. This and sheep grazed everywhere. was why we had come to Nanniwan where, with Chairman Mao, this was the broad avenue one hand and hoe in the other, we rifle in we had'blazed according to your instructions! launched a campaign for produetion in a big way. With you Chairman Mao, neither difficulty of reclaimed the wasteland, raised sheep and We any kind nor the enemy, however ferocious, cattle, set up our own factories and transformed ,! could ever deter us. { hitherto deserted Nanniwan into a place abun- : dant in many things. And Chairman Mao wa-s We arose at dawn the next day, excited and * now coming to see rvhat wg'd done and surely everybody smilipg. We kept looking at the road r would be pleased by it. to Yenan- Our place. we reckoned, was 30 kilo- t t metr€s from Yenan and Chairman Mao had That evening we naturally recalled how iI started at breakfast, it would take him a little things were three years before. Nanniwan had more than three hours to arrive on horseback, been overgrown with wild plants and at night but only an hour by car. when we went to sleep in shacks made of branches and twigs, we always had to be on the We waited around until noon. but Chairman alert lest leopards or wolves broke inio.the: Mao had not come.,. One comrade said: shelters. After dusk, there was not even an oil "Chairman Mao is far too busy. Maybe some- lamp for light and we had to hold meetings in thing important has kept him and he isn't the dark. There wasn't enough food and we had coming at all!" Another argued: "Don't talk to go into the mountains for wild plants. The nonsense, Chairman Mao said he'd eome today, daily meal consisted of these wild plants mixed so he's sure to turn up." In fact,.gven that com- with black beans, sweet potatoes or fumpkins. rade wasn't so sure himself. The covering for our winter padded clothes was moment of homespun wool coarser than gunny sacks and At this a car droVe up with Chair- getting quilted with ox hair and sheep fleece. When man Mao all smiles and out and coming irito new, it looked like a coat all right, but after it our midst. We started cheering as he shook had been worn a few days it began to change hands with all of us one by one. To Brigade Commander crops shape and looked exactly like a half-filled cloth Wang Chen he said: "Your growing bag. In summer, every one had only one pair are fine!" of trousers and many comrades had to go with- The guard who accompanied Chairman out a spare one for a change. We had no socks Mao on the tour told us that Chairman Mao had and had to make do with rugs in which we inspected the crops along the way and had'talk- wrapped around our feet and tied with a string. ed with comrades working in the fields. That There was no tooth brush, Iet alone tooth paste, was why they had taken the whole morning to and we had to use a towel to clean our teeth get here. with a pinch of salt on it. . . . Actually, quite It was about lunch time. The Brigade Com- a few comrades doubted at that time if we could mander asked Chairman Mao to take a rest in make anything out of the barren land which the newly built house and told me to go to the was Nanniwan. But now when we looked at it, kitchen and see if lunch was ready. Chairman there was plenty to eat and wear and tor daily Mao said with a smile: "Lunch immediately use, with lowing cattle and sheep grazing in the upon arrival. This means that you've plenty of grain!" fields and sties full of fat hogs. In addition, we food As he was talking, he went straight to the newly built houses and caves with the also had set up a textile mill, an iron works, a Brigade Commander and the Political Com- carpentery's shop, a farm implement factory, a missar for a look around, shop pickling vegetables and places making various other things. VIq*g to supply the I wanted to follow Chairman Mao and the army, the cloth, towels aird sodp from. our own others on his inspection but I had to rush to the

26 Peking Rasieto, No. 2 kitchen to see how things were going. In high spirits, the cooks were busying around. There were a great many dishes being prepared of food produced by ourselves, fried, stir-fried or stewed. While lunch was being served in the room where Chairman Mao had had a rest, I went up to him and asked if there was any par- ticular dish he fancied, adding that we were in a position to offer whatever he liked. He chuckled: "You've so many dishes here already that I'm afraid I won't be able to try them all!" I told him: "All the food here was produced by us." But before Flghiers of the Eighth Route Army reclaimlng land at Nanniwan. long I found out that I was talking too much since the Brigade Com- mander was telling Chairman Mao about pro- inch of cloth, a single cent from th'e govern- duction in Nanniwan. ment!" and for the current year it was "Two years' crops enough three." "What about the daily ration, edible oil and to last vegetables?" Chairman Mao asked. As Chairman Mao listened, he kept smiling and nodding his He "An average of 25 grammes of oil for every- approval. said: "Difficulty is no unconquerable monster. When everybody one, vegetables are not rationed and one can gives eat his fill," replied Brigade Commander Wang starts taming it, it in. With everybody Chen. relying on his own efforts, we can have all we want, things to eat and wear and for daily use. "Better food on Sundays?" Right now we have no aid from the outside world and even when we have in the future, we "We usually have rice or flour for lunch must still rely primarily on our own efforts. We and there is pork or mutton from time to time, must not do like the Kuomintang does; those shared by several units one Deputy at time," people have to turn to foreigners even for the Political Commissar Wang En-mou said. supply of cotton cloth." Revealing his. sense humour, Chairman of He was discussing work rather than eating Mao remarked: Kuomintang wants to "The his meal. destroy us by a siege and starwe us to death. The longer the siege the more weight you'll put on. The lunch over, he continued his talk for a Their siege is so effective that you comrades while with Commander Wang Chen, Deputy here are no longer suffering from rickets." Political Commissar Wang En-mou and other Hearing this, all of us burst into laughter. senior brigade officers. After that he left the All through luneh, the brigade's command- cave and inspected places around Golden Basin ing officers reported to Chairman Mao on how, Bay. As he walked along, he said that on the production was going in the armed forees. They way he had got out of his car to examine the told him that when they first arrived everyone crops and found them growing very well. Only cultivated an average of one-fifth of a hectare, some bean shoots were infested with worms. He but this year, it was two. The watchword the told us that caution should.be taken to get rid of year before had been "Not a grain of food, an them and protect the young plants.

Januarg 7, 7977 27 When Chairman Mao got to the communi- Chairman Mao encouraged him further:' A cations company, rows of newly opened white- cook's job is very important because only when washed caves came into view. He asked where the comrades eat well and have good nourish- the lime had come from. Commander Wang ment can they exert themselves in production. Chen told him we quarried stones from the Chairman Mao went from the kitchen to r& mouritains and had our own kiln to make lime look over the pig-sties. Old Tu who was busy ourselves. Chairman Mao asked if all the tables inside just smiled when he saw the commander in the caves had been made by the fighters coming with someone. He did not know Chair- themselves. Commander Wang Chen said yes. man Mao nor did it occur to him that Chairman Chairznan Mao picked up an exercise book from Mao would come to see him. Coming close to the table, looked at what was written inside, the sty and seeing the relaxed plump hogs and felt the thickness of the "paper" and said Iitters of squirming sucklings, the Chairman happily: called out to Old Tu: "You old comrade there, these hogs you "Is this birch bark? It certainly Iooks like have raised are fat and good!" a sheet of real pa.per." Digging inside the sty, Old aldn't trear Commander Wang lir Chen said: "We com- what the Chairman said. So Commander Wang rades here prefer to call the glossy paper it that Chen added: "Comrade Tu, here is Chairman costs nothing." Mao. He says the hogs you've raised are fat!" "Here you have everything that costs you It was then that Old Tu became aware of nothing," Chairman Mao said with a smile, "You Chairman Mao's presence. With his pick still comrades hdve created everything with your in one hand, he hastily saluted before replying: own hands to meet your own needs." "I never raised hogs before. Ttrey're not fat Commander Wang Chen said that birch enough." bark could also be used to make lunch-boxes Chairman Mao shook hands with him, ask- and rain-hats. He showed a rain-hat made of ing how old he was, where he came from and the same hanging on the wall to Chairman Mao when had he started to raise hogs. who examined it carefully and spoke highly of old man replied that he had only two the workmanship. The years' experience at this and was still finding When the Chairman came into the kitchen, his way. The Chairman said: "OId comrade, Li Chin-shan, an old cook who was chopping yours is a glorious job. Raise fat hogs so that away, immediately put down his knife and held the comrades can eat better. How about it?" Chairman Mao's hands in his own which were gleefully. all wet, not knowing what to say. "Yes, yes," Old Tu answered "What are you preparing?" the Chairman Chairman Mao waved at Old Tu before asked. heading towards the field to the west of the barracks. On the not far off slopes there were "Stir-fried cucumber, also turnip soup," Li flocks of sheep and cattle grazing, maize, millet replied. Chin-shan and beans swaying in the gentle breeze, deep "How many people do you serve?" green rice shoots alongside a bubbling stream, and vegetables. Al1 kinds of things were "Not many, forty or so." growing. painstaking job," "Yours is a the Chairman Chairman Mao walked on and on without said by way of encouragement. getting tired. Accompanied by the brigade's Li Chin-shan said that the job of the com- senior officers, he walked along the path in the rades who worked in the fields and whose hands fields, talking, inspecting fighting Nanniwan, were worn was even more painstaking than his. beautiful Nanniwan.

28 Peking Retsieu, No. 2 The Crux o[ "Gang ol Fou]'$" Criner ls to Usurp Party and State Powor

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rnHE crux of all the counter-revolutionary seize the entire Party, government and army I crimes committed by the Wang-Chang- power. They wanted to be the heads of the Chiang-Yao anti-Party "gang of four" is their State Council, the Standing Committee of the complete .betrayal of Chairman Mao's three National People's Congress, the Military Com- basic principles "Practise Marxism, and not re- mission of the C.P.C. Central Committee and visionism; unite, and don't split; be open and the Central Committee of the Chinese Com- aboveboard, and don't intrigue and conspire," munist Party. Chairman Mao's words were .their practice of revisionism, their creation of meant to alert the whole Party, the whole army splits and their inkigues and conspiracies in a and the people of the whole country to be vain attempt to usurp supreme Party and state vigilant qgainst the overweening ambitions of power, establish a fascist dictatorial regime and the "gang of four" to usurp Party and state achieve their ultimate aim of restoring capi- power, and to guard against a counter-revolu- talism. tionary coup by this gang. Our struggle against the "gang of four" is With the utmost patience and magnanimity, a life-and-death struggle between the two Chairman Mao had exposed, criticized, educated classes, the two lines and the two roads. The and struggled-against the "gang of fpur," hop- essence of the struggle is which class should ing that they would call it quits before it was wield power in our Party and state and which too late. Taking the attitude of counter.revolu- road our country should take. tionary double-dealers, however, the gang feigned compliance while covertly opposing With the insight of a proletarian revolu- Chairman Mao's criticism and did not rnend tionary, the great leader Chairman Mao had their ways in the least. They continued to long seen through the wild ambitions of the collude and stepped up their conspiratorial "gang of four" to usurp Party and state power activities to usurp Party and state power with and had foreseen that they would make trouble mounting intensity. They obdurately opposed after his death. Chairman Mao pointed out in Chairman Mao and the Party Central Cornmit- 1974: Ching has wil{ ambitions. She "Chiang tee and themselves from the Party wants Wang Hung-wen to be Chairman of the alienated and the people till they were thoroughly Standing Committee of the National People's defeated. Congress and \erself to be Chairman of the Party Central Committee." He said to Chiang While Chairman Mao was alive, the "gang Ching: "It'S hard for you, too, to mend your of four" pretended to support him because he ways." In 1975, Chairman Mao again pointed enjoyed high prestige among the people of the out: "After I die, she will make trouble." whole country, but actually they racked their First, Chiang Ching has "wild ambitions," sec- brains to subvert Chairman Mao's leaderstrip. ond, "it's hard" for her "te mend" her ways, They directed the spearhead of their attack and third, "she will make trouble.?' This inci- against Premier Chou En:lai, Chairman Maols sively shows that. the "gang of four" was not close comrade-in-arms, and other leading com- content with that portion of Party and state rades of the central authorities in an atternpt to power it'had already grabbed, but wanted to cut Chairrnan Mao.off from what was going on.

Jarutarg 7, 1977 When preparations were beingi made for the cerning his successor went to such extremes ): Fourth NationaTPeople's 1974, ? Congress in they that Chang Chun-chiao wrote his "Thoughts on I sent Wang Hung=wen to Chairman Mao to frame February 3, 1976"** in which he cursed Comrade : charges against Premier Chou apd ask for per- Hua Kuo-feng's becoming Acting Premier of mission for them to-form a "cabinet," openly the State Council as: "Moving up so fast and showing their eagerness to usurp power. For so menacingly spells a downfall that will be decades, Premier Chou dedicated all his energy just as rapid." This revealed the gang's invet- to resolutely implementing Chairman Mao's erate hatred for Chairman Mao in appointing proletarian revolutionary line and had Chairman Comrade Hua Kuo-feng as his successor and also Mao's immense trust. In wildly opposing Premier exposed their villainous motive td oust Comrade I Chou, the gang resorted to the counter-revolu- Hua Kuo-feng. Using all manner of insidious i: tionary tactics of "removing the ministers from tricks, they launched unbridled attacks against the emperor's side*." Their aim was to oppose Comrade Hua Kuo-feng again and again. j Chairman Mao and his proletarian revolutionary These expert m-udslingers instructed their il line. Chiang Ching said outright: "The aim of henchmen to cook up an article in which, 'removing the ministers from the emperor's side' on the pretext of criticizing Confucius lies in the 'emperor.i " Ttris short remark com- (541-479 B.C.), they attgcked Comrade pletely exposed their criminal intent. The "gang Hua Kuo-feng by innuend6 with such re- F b of four's" vicious plan to replace Premier Chou marks as Confucius "at 56'was promoted from was sharply criticized by Chairman Mao and the post of minister of clime (namely, minister was shattered. of public security) to the acting premiership of After the passing of Premier Chou at the the State of Lu" and Confucius pretended to beginning of 1976, the gang revealed their am- know about farming and "show concern for the bitions even more openly. With great vision livelihood and well-being of the people." Last and farsightedness, Chairman Mao took one May the "gang of four" told its trusted follow- effective measure after another to counter the ers to make anti-Party speeches openly in wolfish ambitions of the "gang of four." In which they clamoured for "liquidating" "other January 1976 he personally proposed that C.om- people in command." At a conference discuss- rade Hua Kuo-feng be appointed Acting Premier ing planning work called by the Party Central of the State Council and put in charge of the Committee last July they instructed their hench- work of the Political Bureau; in April he de- cided that Comrade Hua Kuo-feng be appoint- ed First Vice-Chairman of the C.P.C. Central 'This tactic was first brought into play by Committee and Premier of the State Council. Prince Liu Pi in 154 B.C. in. the early Western Han The post of First Vice-Chairman had never be- Dynasty. He led his troops in revolt against the central authorities and demanded, the name of existed the history By in fore in of our Party. "removing the minister from the emperor's side," breaking with this convention, Chairman Mao that Emperor Ching Ti have his chief councellor, explicitly designated Comrade Hua Kuo-feng Minister Chao Tso, murdered. Later, this practice as his successor. Chairman Mao also issued was followed by many careerists. The "gang of also used counter-revolutionary tactic in necessary propa- four" this the instruction: 'nlt is to do order to usurp supreme Party and state leadership. ganda and give publicity to Comrade Hua Kuo- In wildly opposing Premier Chou En-lai and other feng to make him known to the people of the leading comrades of the central authorities, their whole country step by step." Later, Chairman aim was to oppose Chairman Mao. ** Mao wrote down for Comrade Hua Kuo-feng in On February 3, 1976 the C.P.C. Central Com- mittee issued Document No. 1 which relayed the hislpresence: you in charge, I'm at ease." "With Party Central Committee's important decision: In These wise decisions were mortal blows direct- accordance with Chairman Mao's proposal, the ed against the ambitions of the "gang of four" Political Bureau unanimously adopted the resolu- to usurp Party and state power as well as an tion to appoint Comrade Hua Kuo-feng as Acting important strategic plan for the whole Party Premier of the State Council. Long anxious for premiership, ChanE that day.wrote and the people of the whole country to defeat the Chun-chiao his lThoughts on February 3, 19?6," viciously at- the "gang of four." The hatred of the "gang ticking Chairman Mao's wise decision and slander- of four" for Chairman Mao's arrangement con- ing Comrade Hua Kuo-feng.

30 Peking Retsiew, No. 2 men to launch an attack, howling that the w3-rs bqsy making preparations and rattliprg State Council .was the "source of' the- Ri$ht theii sabres. The counter-revolutionary coup deviationist.--rrind" and assailing Comrade hatched by the l'gang of four" to overthrow the Hua Kuo-feng as a "capitalist-roader still on Party Central Committee headed by Comrade the capitalist road." In opposing Comrade Hpa Hua Kuo-feng was like an arrow in the bow and Kuo-feng so blatantly, the "gang of four" was could be unleashed at any time. Our Party and- actually trying to annul Chairman Mao's ar- our state were in a critical moment. and seize rangement concerning his successor Our Party has a history of more than half leadership. suprerne Party and state a century and has experienced many tempestu- "Make trouble, fail, rnake trouble again, ous storrns. On many occasions there have been fail again . . till th,eir doom." That is the people who intended to crush our Party from logic of all reactionaries the world over within only to end in self-destruction. The "gang in dealing with the people's cause. The of four" tried the same lrick by taking advan- "gang of four" would not go against this logic. tage of the passing of Chairman Mao, and they The whole nation was in deep mourning after too did not come to a better end. At the crucial Chairman Mao's passing, but the "gang of four'r moment when the gang came out to create dis- went into raptures over it. Thinking the time turbances, the Party Central Committee headed was ripe, they were impatient to realize their by Comrade Hua Kuo-feng, carrying out Chair- plot to usurp the supreme leadership of the man Mao's behests and representing the m'pira- Party and state. They were ready to take tions of the people in their hundreds of millions, action and make trouble. On the day Chairman made a prompt decision and at one stroke Mao died, they appropriated the name of the smashed the plot of the "gang of four" to usurp General Office of the Party Central Committee Party and state power, thus saving the revolu- ind issued a notice to various places throughout tion and the Party. The whole Party, the whole the country demanding that all major questions army and people of all nationalities throughout must be reported to them for instruction. By the country will for ever remember Comrade doing so, they tried to sever communications Hua Kuo-feng's magnificent contributions in between the Party Central Committee headed leading our Party to achieve the great victory by Comrade Hua Kuo-feng and the various of smashing the "gang of four." Comrade Hua provinces, municipalities and autonomous re- Kuo-feng showed his high proletarian revolu- gions so that they themselves could issue orders tionary mettle and political farsightedness, and and command the whole nation. They went demonstrated his rich experience in struggle and around making speeches and creating counter- exceptional organizational talent. He is the revolutionary opinion. They had standard worthy wise leader of our Party and of the portraits taken of a member of the "gang of people of our country. four" and instigated units under their control Practising revisionism, creating sp$t*.apd preparing to write "oaths of fealty" in for their engaging in intrigues and conspiracies to usurp coming to power. The "gang of four" attacked Party and state power are the characteristics of Comrade Hua Kuo-feng from all sides and all bourgeois c4reerists and conspirators hidden pressed him to hand over power. They fabri- in the Party during the historical period of so- cated the so-called "last words" of Chairman cialism. This is true in the Soviet Union as Mao, "act according to the principles laid down." well as in China. Khrushchov, who rep.re- Then they wrote an article viciously attacking sented the interests of the new and olil bour- Comrade Hua Kuo-feng as "the revisionist geoisie in the Soviet Union, staged a counter- chieftain" who had "tampered with Chairman revolutionary coup d'etat after Stalin's death, Mao's principles laid down." This was an open seized Party and state power and changed the signal to seize power. (For details see "A Des- political colour of the Soviet Union. In China, perate Move Before Destruction" in our issue Kao Kang and Jao Shu-shih set up an under- No. 52, 1976.) They even hatched an armed re- ground headquarters and engaged in reshuf- bellion and frenziedly howled about "being pre- fling the Party Central Committee behind the pared to shed blood and be beheaded." They back of Chairman Mao; Peng Teh-huai pulled

Jamgrg T, 7977 31 : t together a "rriilitary club" and threw down the during the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolu- r gauntlet to Chairman Mao; Liu Shao-chi re- tion wouLd all be gone with the wind. "The r fi cruited deserters and renegades to form a Marxist-Leninist party would undoubtedly be- n bourgeois headquarters; Lin Piao cooked up come a revisionist party, a fascist party, and i&* the auiline of Project "577" to stage a counter- the whole of China would change its colour." i revolutionary armed coup d'etat. All were This dangerous situation would have con- TL - ,. aimed at overthrowing the Party Central Com- fronted us just as Chairman Mao warned us. 2 mittee headed by Chairman Mao and replacing Our people would then suffer hell on earth, and * it by themselves. The "gang of four" carried countlass people would starve, be thrown into out the same counter-revolutionary intrigues prison or even be killed. China has averted a v and went even further than their predecessors. big retrogression in her history with the great * Donning the cloak of Marxism, they frenziedly victory of smashing the plot of the "gang of sabotaged the revolution and production, per- four" to usurp Party and state power. This has 1 n secuted the cadres and suppressed the masses, further consolidated the dictatorship of the pro- * and were dead-set on the whole coun- letariat in our country we can E throwing and ensured that * try into chaos so that they could usurp Party and continue our triumphant advance along Chair- ffi. state power in the confusion. firey are outright man Mao's revolutionary line. When we think bourgeois careerists and conspirators. Chair- of all this, we have a deeper understanding of E t*- man Mao warned us long ago: "Especially the great significance of this victor), hate the J\ watch out for careerists and conspirators like "gang four" more, cherish greater Iove 5 of still a Khrushchov prevent elements Chairman Hua Kuo-feng and such bad for and the Party Cen- I from usurping the leadership of the Party and tral Committee headed by him, and are filled )L the state at any level." In hailing the great with greater confidence in carrying through to = victory of smashing the "gang of four," this the end the cause of proletarian revolution in teaching of Chairman Mao's means more than China pioneered by Chairman Mao. ever before to the whole Party, the whole army While exposing and criticizing the "gang of and people all nationalities in the country. of four," the revolutionary masses in the Tachai Just what's this "gang of four" ? It is a Production Brigade said: The crux of the crimes bunch of counter-revolutionaries who sneaked of the "gang of four" is practising revisionism, into our revolutionary ranks. They are active creating splits and engaging in intrigues and counter-revolutionaries and some are even old- conspiracies in a vain attempt to usurp Party line iounter-revolutionaries. Our struggle and state leadership and restore capital- agair^*t the "gang of four" is a continuation of ism in China. Whatever the gang did was the proiracted struggle which, under the lead- for this expresi purpose. A mass movement ership of the Chinese Communist Party, the thoroughly exposing and criticizing the "gang revolutionary people .waged against the Kuo- of four" is now surging forward. The contra- mintang reactionaries and a continuation of the diction between ourselves and the anti-Party class struggle between the proletariat and the "gang of four" is one between ourselves and bourgeoisie. After usurping a portion of Party the enemy. We should by no means be lenient and state power, the'"gang of four" flagrantly with them. Their plot to usurp Party and state tampered Mao's distorted and with Chairman power has been smashed and we have won a directives, interfered with and undermined great victory. An excellent situation now pre- plans, pushed Chairman Mao's strategic their vails throughout the countri. The whole coun- revisionist ultra-Right counter-revolutionary trSr's armymen and civilians must continue the Iine and stopped at nothing to wreck the coun- triumphant advance, the spirit of re- people. .display try and bring ruin to the As a result, lentlessly beating the dog in the water and the country was not iranquil. If they had suc- carry the great political revolution of exposing ceeded in usurping supreme Party and state and criticizing the Wang-Chang-Chiang-Yao power, past thb victories won over the decades anti-Party clique through to the end. by the Chinese people under Chairman Mao's leadership in the new-democratic revolution, in (" Renntin Ribao" eilitorial, the socialist revolution and construction and December 22, 1976)