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Revue De Presse REVUE DE PRESSE MENSUELS 62 ~Cahier critique~ ~Cahier critique~ 63 scatophilie rococo sortirait du best-sel- Saint-Pétersbourg de fond en comble à ler SF des frères Strougatski ? En pleine la recherche de « physionomies ». Peu Il est difficile Guerre Froide, les deux auteurs menaient étonnant, de la part d’un homme qui n’a une réflexion politique sur l’Histoire à tra- pas hésité, pour les besoins de Khrous- vers les déboires d’un émissaire du futur “ En plein taliov, ma voiture ! (1998), à aiguiller envoyé dans un monde parallèle bloqué ses truffiers vers les asiles et les hôpitaux d’être un dieu à l’heure du bas Moyen Âge. Dans le délire psychiatriques. Cette fois-ci, c’est son Un film d’Alexeï Guerman avec Leonid Iarmolnik, Dmitriy Vladimirov, Laura Lauri, conte d’origine, le héros transgressait sa casting complet que Guerman ira recru- règle de non-ingérence scientifique pour ter chez les fous, à l’exception de Leonid Aleksandr Ilyin et Yuriy Tsurilo. En salle le 11 février lutter contre la barbarie du peuple primi- documentaire, Iarmolnik, pioché dans le gotha du ciné- tif. Il n’y parvenait pas et finissait par se ma russe, seul corps sain noyé dans un résigner, cédant à la terreur qu’il préten- Guerman océan de dégénérescence. dait combattre. En plein glacis soviétique, Difficile d’imaginer, dans les années on imagine facilement ce qui a pu plaire creuse une 1960, que les auteurs du roman Stalker au cinéaste. Mais la version 2015 dilue feraient trait d’union entre Guerman-le-ca- presque toute trace de ce canevas fluet galerie de fardeux et Tarkovski-le-spirituel. Pourtant, pour n’en garder que le décor. Guerman les longs plans charbonneux du premier liquide sa narration en quelques miettes portraits ne sont pas sans évoquer certaines images de voix off, avant de s’engouffrer dans du second. On pense notamment à Andreï les boyaux d’Arkanar comme un ver soli- purulents et Roublev lorsque le peintre se réfugie dans taire. Suivant les instructions du grand une étable peuplée de crapoteux. Il est maître, l’équipe reconstitue un Moyen s’enlise dans difficile d’être un dieu s’installe dans cette Âge plus boueux que nature dans les étable et fait son nid de la laideur, quand studios de Lenfilm à Saint-Pétersbourg. Tarkovski rejoint fissa les sentiers de la Au grand dam de Leonid Iarmolnik, une cour grâce. Mais on aurait tort de toiser Guer- interprète du réformateur malheureux… man sur des critères de beauté, parce qu’à Pour se faire une idée de l’ambiance des miracles ce petit jeu, le plus méconnu des grands sur le plateau, il suffit d’ajouter aux ef- cinéastes russes sait tirer son épingle du fluves de saucissons qui pourrissaient un grouillante, jeu. « Il faisait preuve d’un perfectionnisme peu partout, le parfum d’une basse-cour harassant, répétant les chorégraphies composée de poules, d’oies, d’un âne, copiée/collée plusieurs dizaines de fois avant chaque d’une vache, d’un porc et même d’un prise, pour nettoyer ses visions cauche- chameau, emprunté au zoo d’à côté. de ‘l’Enfer’ mardesques de la moindre poussière de Lorsqu’on l’interroge sur le sujet, Svetlana fausseté », raconte ainsi Svetlana Karma- Karmalita, compagne et co-scénariste de de Jérôme lita. Comme Tarkovski, Guerman convoite En plus de quarante-cinq ans de Guerman, préfère botter en touche, avant aussi le sublime, mais c’est en fonçant tête carrière, Alexeï Guerman n’aura d’admettre à demi-mot que « l’odeur ait Bosch. ” baissée dans les conduits visqueux d’un tourné que six longs métrages. pu heurter les narines les plus délicates. » cinéma physiologique qu’il s’élève à une Dont un film posthume, Il est dif- grâce équivoque. À l’extrême opposé des ficile d’être un dieu, une fresque GUERMAN!LE!CAFARDEUX rapiats de l’épure et autres partisans du hors norme sans équivalent dans Assuré de la toute-puissance du less is more, Guerman gave ses images ad l’histoire du cinéma, qui sort au- noir et blanc, le cinéaste convoque un nauseam et invente un burlesque trash, à jourd’hui en France. monde bluffant de réalisme, qu’il n’a la limite de l’occlusion esthétique. pu connaître qu’en livre ou en peinture. Les deux doigts dans le gosier, il ré- Fin octobre 2013, Alexeï Guerman d’Alexeï Guerman est indissociable de de dernier des Mohicans, orthodoxe et Résultat, Il est difficile d’être un dieu pond au mal par le mal, et dégueule un Junior posait la dernière pierre d’un chan- celle de son pays. Fils de l’écrivain Iouri indatable. D’ailleurs, Il est difficile d’être effleure un fantasme que peu d’auteurs lac de fange qui en dit long sur l’image tier débuté par son père en 1999, à une Guerman, membre du parti communiste un dieu a failli voir le jour quarante-six peuvent se vanter d’avoir chatouillé de si de la Russie qu’il emportera dans la époque où Poutine apprenait encore à jusqu’en 1958, il met le pied à l’étrier ans plus tôt : Guerman s’était fendu dès près : une immersion sidérante dans les tombe. Toujours est-il que Guerman, du tenir sa petite cuillère sous les jupons de dans les années 1960 avec Le Septième 1968 d’un scénario intitulé Chronique du toiles de Brueghel. En plein délire docu- haut de ses six films en quarante-cinq ans, Boris Eltsine. Après quatorze ans d’un tra- Compagnon. Le premier d’une série de six carnage d’Arkanar, adapté d’un roman mentaire, Guerman plonge entre mille aurait mérité plus que les quelques nécros vail titanesque qui aura poussé la prod’ films dont trois passeront à la trappe de des frères Strougatski. Abandonné faute corps d’avortons, creuse une galerie de rédigées sur un coin de table à l’annonce au bord du gouffre, Il est difficile d’être un la censure soviétique. Il sera réhabilité par de financement, le projet s’annonçait portraits purulents et s’enlise dans une de sa disparition. Lui qui aura réanimé, dieu voit enfin le jour le 14 février 2014 en l’Union des cinéastes en 1986, pendant plus respectueux du récit et n’aurait peut- cour des miracles grouillante, copiée/ non sans en payer le prix fort, la grande Russie, presque un an jour pour jour après la Perestroïka, et catapulté secrétaire du être jamais offert au public cette épopée collée de l’Enfer de Jérôme Bosch, son tradition des contes humanistes, sur l’un la mort de son auteur. Ironie de l’histoire, même coup. Un bonheur n’arrivant jamais dantesque qui devrait offrir à son papa autre peintre de chevet. Le film glisse des des sols les moins propices à l’exercice. cet ovni de poésie excrémentielle sort en seul, ses films sortent enfin du mitard et le siège qu’il mérite sur les bancs de la paysages enneigés de l’un aux bouilles Nul n’est prophète en son pays. Tant pis, outre le jour de la fête des amoureux. C’est la critique crie immédiatement aux chefs- postérité, entre les camarades Rabelais, crochues de l’autre par un resserrement la cinéphilie retiendra qu’avec Il est diffi- peu dire qu’opter pour l’épopée intestinale d’œuvre. Loyal jusque dans la tombe, Brueghel et les Monty Python. du cadre qui ne s’élargira plus qu’en de cile d’être un dieu, le glossaire du ciné- FILMS FILMS de Guerman un soir de Saint-Valentin re- Guerman restera toujours fidèle à la rares occasions. Pour cuisiner sa bouillie ma mondial pourra compter un adjectif lève de l’acte kamikaze. même pellicule Kodak, ainsi qu’à la post- DANS LES BOYAUX D’ARKANAR de trognes, le cinéaste avait envoyé un de plus pour qualifier les perles cracra : APRICCI APRICCI guermanesque. Adrien Denouette Peu connue en France, l’histoire synchronisation, cajolant ainsi son image Qui aurait cru qu’une telle orgie de © C © C bataillon d’étudiants fouiller la région de Sofilm Février 2015 Février 2015 Sofilm TRANSFUGE Février 2015 Les Cahiers du cinéma – Février 2015 Il est difficile d’être un dieu Cyril Béghin Le film d’Alexeï Guerman vient de loin. Les Cahiers ont rendu compte à plusieurs reprises de sa production épique (cf. en particulier Cahiers n° 663, janvier 2011), lancée en 1999 et achevée après la mort du cinéaste en 2013. Adapté d’un roman de science-fiction des frères Strougatski, Il est difficile d’être un dieu se déroule sur une planète lointaine dont la civilisation, explique une voix off, n’a pas connu de Renaissance et sursaute de guerres en carnages, dans une ambiance de dictature féodale, de ténèbres religieuses et de boue perpétuelle. C’est un Moyen – Âge terminal, où la population se torche avec les derniers livres et adore des demi-dieux. Le récit semble ample, mais on le laisse vite en arrière au fur et à mesure que les personnages s’enfoncent dans des mélanges de matières en décomposition : viande, terre et merde brassées sous la pluie comme dans le noir et blanc de l’image, forment l’humus écoeurant de ce monde et l’obsession de la mise en scène. Le film est indigeste, il le répète lui-même à satiété. Mais pour organiser son trop-plein embrouillé et fécal, Guerman porte à un point extrême son art du plan-séquence piqué de digressions internes, de brusques détails jaillissant à l’avant-plan, de mimiques rigolardes, de sons et de gestes impromptus. Sous la boue épaisse, il y a l’or de ces longs phrasés chorégraphiques et chaotiques, dont Guerman était sans doute l’un des ultimes représentants.
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