DOCSLIB.ORG

Safety and Shipping Review 2018

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Safety and Shipping Review 2018 ALLIANZ GLOBAL CORPORATE & SPECIALTY SAFETY AND SHIPPING REVIEW 2018 An annual review of trends and developments in shipping losses and safety Allianz Global Corporate & Specialty Safety and Shipping Review 2018 04 Executive summary CONTENTS 08 Losses in focus CASUALTIES 18 Behavioral and cultural risk still needs addressing 20 Industry’s struggle with container ship fires continues 22 Safety responses round-up CLIMATE 24 Record-breaking hurricane season brings supply chain pressure 26 Superstorms pose future challenges for yacht market 28 Fast-changing Arctic and North Atlantic conditions bring route risks 30 Exploitation of the seas 31 Compliance with new emissions rules likely to be problematic TECHNOLOGY 34 Shippers get serious about cyber threat 36 Use of drones in the shipping sector set to take-off 38 Sensors could improve navigation, supply chain and cargo risk management 40 Autonomous shipping progresses but risk management and regulatory challenges remain SECURITY 42 Rising political risk brings safety fears 44 Piracy numbers hit record low but threat remains 46 Data and sources 47 Contacts Photo: iStock Shipping incidents in Arctic Circle waters are on the rise. Cover images: Indian Coast Guard, iStock, US Navy 2 3 Allianz Global Corporate & Specialty Safety and Shipping Review 2018 and Black Sea region is the second major loss hotspot (17), followed by the British SAFETY & SHIPPING REVIEW 2018 IN NUMBERS Isles (8) and the Arabian Gulf (6). Cargo ships (53) account for over half of all 1,129 total losses vessels lost during 2017, with activity up over past 10 years 30 losses in South China, Container ships are annually by 56%, driven by a rise in Indochina, Indonesia and getting bigger. Capacity foundering (sinking) incidents. Fishing and 90% of global 94 total losses in Philippines - the main hotspot has increased by almost passenger vessel losses are down year-on- 94 trade transported 2017. Second lowest Bad weather a 1,500% in 50 years year. Losses involving bulk carriers and by shipping total in a decade. factor in 21 losses tankers increased, with bulk carriers Major risks accounting for five of the 10 largest Major risks reported total losses by gross tonnage (GT). losses in 2017 Foundering has been the cause of over half of the 1,129 total losses reported over the past decade. It accounted for an even Busy seas Typhoons higher share of 2017 losses (65%), with bad Fire-fighting Cargo weather often a factor. Wrecking/stranding capability misdeclaration ranks second (13), followed by machinery damage/failure (8). Fire/explosion losses declined year-on-year (6). Piracy Safety There were 2,712 reported shipping 180 piracy standards incidents (casualties) in 2017, up slightly attacks in 20171. Salvage Ports of year-on-year by 3%, driven by a rise in Down year-on- challenges refuge machinery damage incidents – the top cause year. Lowest of casualties around the globe (42%). The total for 22 years 3 regions account for East Mediterranean and Black Sea region almost half of all losses is the most frequent location for incidents. Political risk 75% of shipping insurance losses are caused by human Behavioral and cultural risk needs ↓ error. Equivalent to $1.6bn addressing. Technology can help. Despite huge improvements in maritime safety, 53 losses - cargo ship ↓ fatal accidents at sea persist. Human error Allianz Global Corporate & Specialty ↑ ↑ Safety and 61 losses caused by 6 vessels lost Down Source: Allianz Global Corporate & Specialty most frequent vessel Up year- Up year- continues to be a major driver of incidents Shipping foundering in 2017. to fire in 2017. year-on- Review 2017 on-year on-year An annual review of trends and developments lost globally in 2017 year Additional references: 1 International Maritime and captains and crews are under in shipping losses and safety Bureau; Lloyd’s List Intelligence Casualty Statistics increasing commercial pressure as supply chains are streamlined. Tight schedules can have a detrimental effect on safety culture and decision-making leading to the “normalization of risk”. Better use of data and analytics can help to address this. The Shipping is the lifeblood of the global economy, Disparities remain. The South China, shipping industry has learned from losses in transporting approximately 90% of global trade. There Indochina, Indonesia and Philippines the past but predictive analysis is important 1 This sixth annual review are over 50,000 merchant ships trading internationally, maritime region has been the number one for the future. New insights from crew focuses on key developments EXECUTIVE carrying every kind of cargo, so the safety of vessels is area worldwide for major shipping behavior and near-misses can help identify in maritime safety and critical. The maritime industry saw the number of total incidents for the past decade, leading human error trends. Sensor technology can analyzes shipping losses shipping losses remain stable during 2017, declining slightly some media commentators to call it the also enhance risk management. For (of over 100 gross tons) during the 12 months prior to to 94 – the second lowest total over the past decade. “new Bermuda Triangle”. Last year, example, hull stress monitoring sensors December 31, 2017. It follows SUMMARY almost a third (32%) of losses occurred here could be linked to ship navigation in bad the Safety & Shipping Losses were down 4% compared with a year earlier (98) – (30) – up 25% annually. Not only are the weather, feeding real-time information on Review 2017 available at current figures show a significant improvement on the seas busy, they are also prone to bad structural integrity. However, over-reliance www.agcs.allianz.com/ insights 10-year loss average (113) – down 17%. Over the past weather – in 2017 Typhoon Damrey on technology on board must be avoided. decade, total losses have declined by more than a third contributed to a number of losses (6). In Continual training is imperative to ensure (38%), driven by improved ship design, technology and addition, safety processes on some the right balance is achieved between advances in risk management and safety. Recent lower domestic routes continue to lag behind technology and human intervention. shipping activity is also a factor. global standards. The East Mediterranean 1 International Chamber of Shipping 4 5 Allianz Global Corporate & Specialty Safety and Shipping Review 2018 Industry’s struggle with container will need to be disseminated faster ship fires continues: Major fires on than at present in future. Ice also container vessels are one of the most poses a significant hazard elsewhere. significant safety issues. The blaze on Over 1,000 icebergs drifted into North the ultra-large container ship (ULCS) Atlantic shipping lanes in 2017 – the Maersk Honam in March 2018 is one fourth consecutive “extreme” season4. of a number of incidents in recent Sailing in such conditions necessitates 21 years. Issues driving container ship fire specialist training for seafarers and exposures include the adequacy of fire- additional routing support. fighting capabilities as vessels become larger, misdeclaration of cargo, Exploitation of the seas increases: Photo: iStock Photo: US Navy Photo: US Navy losses from bad salvage challenges and time taken to The marine environment is seen as a Container-carrying capacity has increased by almost The USS Fitzgerald collided with Human error was a factor in the El Faro loss in late 2015, weather in 2017 access a port of refuge. ULCS provide resource, bringing environmental risks 1,500% in 50 years, bringing new risks. a container ship in June 2017. which has led to new safety legislation being proposed. economies of scale but the industry for shipping, such as pollution of fish needs to ensure risk management farms or even pirate fishing, which is masks the true picture in shipping human error entirely. It will still be standards are up to speed, as larger estimated to cost the global economy when it comes to cyber risk. New present in the algorithms that drive container ships are on their way. as much as $23.5bn a year5. regulations such as the European the decision-making of vessels, while Increasing maritime activity also Union’s Network and Information manned onshore bases will continue Record-breaking hurricane season brings potential new collision hazards, Security Directive will change that to control and monitor. Automation brings supply chain and yacht such as the growing number of and also exacerbate the fall-out from raises questions about who is at fault problems: Hurricanes Harvey, Irma and offshore wind farms in the North Sea any cyber failure. Many shipping in an accident – the manufacturer, Maria (HIM) and other severe weather – offshore wind In Europe grew 25% in companies are looking to improve software provider or the onshore events in 2017, such as Typhoons 2017; a record year6. cyber security on board, by separating bases. New kinds of losses, such as Damrey and Hato, show traditional IT systems for different functions, such cyber or product liability, could maritime risks should not be overlooked. New emissions rules problematic: as navigation, propulsion and loading. replace traditional claims. Technical AGCS analysis shows bad weather Increasing environmental and management and maintenance of directly contributed to at least 21 total sustainability pressures – such as the Drones ready for take-off: ships will also need to be rethought. losses in 2017 and this could yet new “Paris Agreement for the Unmanned aircraft systems are One of the main challenges for the increase further (see page 9). Fuel shipping industry”, which aims to finding a growing number of insurance industry in future will be market, cargo, cruise ship and port significantly cut all emissions – and applications in the maritime sector. dealing with more technical shipping operations were also disrupted, existing industry commitments to They are increasingly used by class claims, resulting from greater use of leading to natural catastrophes being reduce sulphur oxide emissions – will societies and marine surveyors to new technology.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 4. the TROPICS—HJ Diamond and CJ Schreck, Eds
    4. THE TROPICS—H. J. Diamond and C. J. Schreck, Eds. Pacific, South Indian, and Australian basins were a. Overview—H. J. Diamond and C. J. Schreck all particularly quiet, each having about half their The Tropics in 2017 were dominated by neutral median ACE. El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) condi- Three tropical cyclones (TCs) reached the Saffir– tions during most of the year, with the onset of Simpson scale category 5 intensity level—two in the La Niña conditions occurring during boreal autumn. North Atlantic and one in the western North Pacific Although the year began ENSO-neutral, it initially basins. This number was less than half of the eight featured cooler-than-average sea surface tempera- category 5 storms recorded in 2015 (Diamond and tures (SSTs) in the central and east-central equatorial Schreck 2016), and was one fewer than the four re- Pacific, along with lingering La Niña impacts in the corded in 2016 (Diamond and Schreck 2017). atmospheric circulation. These conditions followed The editors of this chapter would like to insert two the abrupt end of a weak and short-lived La Niña personal notes recognizing the passing of two giants during 2016, which lasted from the July–September in the field of tropical meteorology. season until late December. Charles J. Neumann passed away on 14 November Equatorial Pacific SST anomalies warmed con- 2017, at the age of 92. Upon graduation from MIT siderably during the first several months of 2017 in 1946, Charlie volunteered as a weather officer in and by late boreal spring and early summer, the the Navy’s first airborne typhoon reconnaissance anomalies were just shy of reaching El Niño thresh- unit in the Pacific.
    [Show full text]
  • Tropical Cyclone Intensity Estimation Using Multi-Dimensional Convolutional Neural Networks from Geostationary Satellite Data
    remote sensing Article Tropical Cyclone Intensity Estimation Using Multi-Dimensional Convolutional Neural Networks from Geostationary Satellite Data Juhyun Lee 1, Jungho Im 1,* , Dong-Hyun Cha 1, Haemi Park 2 and Seongmun Sim 1 1 School of Urban & Environmental Engineering in Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Korea; [email protected] (J.L.); [email protected] (D.-H.C.); [email protected] (S.S.) 2 Institute of Industrial Science in the University of Tokyo, A building, 4 Chome-6-1 Komaba, Meguro City, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +82-52-217-2824 Received: 25 November 2019; Accepted: 25 December 2019; Published: 28 December 2019 Abstract: For a long time, researchers have tried to find a way to analyze tropical cyclone (TC) intensity in real-time. Since there is no standardized method for estimating TC intensity and the most widely used method is a manual algorithm using satellite-based cloud images, there is a bias that varies depending on the TC center and shape. In this study, we adopted convolutional neural networks (CNNs) which are part of a state-of-art approach that analyzes image patterns to estimate TC intensity by mimicking human cloud pattern recognition. Both two dimensional-CNN (2D-CNN) and three-dimensional-CNN (3D-CNN) were used to analyze the relationship between multi-spectral geostationary satellite images and TC intensity. Our best-optimized model produced a root mean squared error (RMSE) of 8.32 kts, resulting in better performance (~35%) than the existing model using the CNN-based approach with a single channel image.
    [Show full text]
  • Appendix 8: Damages Caused by Natural Disasters
    Building Disaster and Climate Resilient Cities in ASEAN Draft Finnal Report APPENDIX 8: DAMAGES CAUSED BY NATURAL DISASTERS A8.1 Flood & Typhoon Table A8.1.1 Record of Flood & Typhoon (Cambodia) Place Date Damage Cambodia Flood Aug 1999 The flash floods, triggered by torrential rains during the first week of August, caused significant damage in the provinces of Sihanoukville, Koh Kong and Kam Pot. As of 10 August, four people were killed, some 8,000 people were left homeless, and 200 meters of railroads were washed away. More than 12,000 hectares of rice paddies were flooded in Kam Pot province alone. Floods Nov 1999 Continued torrential rains during October and early November caused flash floods and affected five southern provinces: Takeo, Kandal, Kampong Speu, Phnom Penh Municipality and Pursat. The report indicates that the floods affected 21,334 families and around 9,900 ha of rice field. IFRC's situation report dated 9 November stated that 3,561 houses are damaged/destroyed. So far, there has been no report of casualties. Flood Aug 2000 The second floods has caused serious damages on provinces in the North, the East and the South, especially in Takeo Province. Three provinces along Mekong River (Stung Treng, Kratie and Kompong Cham) and Municipality of Phnom Penh have declared the state of emergency. 121,000 families have been affected, more than 170 people were killed, and some $10 million in rice crops has been destroyed. Immediate needs include food, shelter, and the repair or replacement of homes, household items, and sanitation facilities as water levels in the Delta continue to fall.
    [Show full text]
  • Kondisi Dan Keanekagaragaman Karang Batu Di Perairan Sabang Condition and Diversity of Stony Corals in Sabang Waters Abstrak
    Oseanologi dan Limnologi di Indonesia 2017 2(1): 69–82 Kondisi dan Keanekagaragaman Karang Batu di Perairan Sabang Condition and Diversity of Stony Corals in Sabang Waters Rizkie Satriya Utama dan Agus Budiyanto Pusat Penelitian Oseanografi LIPI Email : [email protected] Submitted 23 February 2016. Reviewed 13 February 2017. Accepted 11 April 2017. Abstrak Secara global terumbu karang sedang menghadapi berbagai macam ancaman, baik yang bersifat alami maupun akibat kegiatan manusia. Terumbu karang di perairan Sabang pada tahun 2004 terkena tsunami dan pada tahun 2010 terjadi kenaikan suhu permukaan air laut yang mengakibatkan pemutihan. Hal ini mengakibatkan kematian karang batu secara massal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kondisi terkini dan keanekaragaman karang batu di perairan Sabang. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada Mei 2015 di sepuluh stasiun yang tersebar di empat pulau, yaitu Pulau Weh, Pulau Rondo, Pulau Breueh, dan Pulau Nasi Besar. Tutupan karang dihitung dengan menggunakan metode Underwater Photo Transect (UPT). Hasil foto dianalisis menggunakan program CPCe 4.1 dengan jumlah 30 titik acak dalam setiap bingkai. Jumlah spesies dan jumlah koloni karang dihitung berdasarkan jumlah spesies dan koloni karang yang terdapat dalam bingkai foto di sepanjang transek. Berdasarkan hasil analisis, diperoleh tutupan karang hidup yang berkisar 22,45–58,60% dengan tutupan karang hidup rata-rata sebesar 41,99%. Sepanjang transek ditemukan 148 spesies karang batu dari 37 genus dan 15 famili. Secara umum, karang batu di perairan Sabang berada dalam kondisi cukup baik, tidak berbeda dari kondisi terumbu karang pada tahun 2005. Perairan yang terbuka memberikan dampak positif bagi pertumbuhan karang, terutama dari genus Acropora. Kata kunci: karang batu, tutupan karang, kondisi karang batu, keanekaragaman, Sabang.
    [Show full text]
  • WMU Sasakawa Fellows' Network Meeting in the East European
    WMU Sasakawa Fellows’ Network Meeting in the East European, Middle Eastern, and North African Regions January 28th - February 1st, 2018 Novotel London West Hotel, London, United Kingdom Hosted and Organized by “Friends of WMU, Japan” Secretariat in Cooperation with The Nippon Foundation and U.K. Sasakawa Fellows Contents Contents Resolution ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 1 Various Photos ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 5 Program Schedule …………………………………………………………………………………………… 13 Opening Session ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 19 1. Welcome Speech …………………………………………………………………………………… 21 (Sandra Rita ALLNUTT Brazil, 1999) 2. Opening Remarks ………………………………………………………………………………… 22 (Tsutomu AKITA Senior Specialist, Ocean Policy Research Institute, the Sasakawa Peace Foundation) Discussion on the WMU Sasakawa Fellows’ Network ……………………………………………………… 25 1. Procedure to become a candidate and benefit of being Sasakawa fellow. ………………………… 27 2. Mutual Communication. …………………………………………………………………………… 29 3. NEWSLETTER …………………………………………………………………………………… 31 4. Expansion of the Network ………………………………………………………………………… 33 Exchange of Maritime Information ………………………………………………………………………… 35 1. Update on WMU …………………………………………………………………………………… 37 (Ms. Susan Jackson, Registrar, World Maritime University) 2. Workshop Discussion Items ………………………………………………………………………… 39 (Amr Moneer IBRAHIM, Egypt 2013) 3. Role of The Human Element ……………………………………………………………………… 45 (Aynur MAHARRAMOVA, Azerbaijan 2017) 4. Maritime Education & Training in Ukraine ………………………………………………………… 49 (Igor
    [Show full text]
  • (AGCS) Safety & Shipping Review 2021
    ALLIANZ GLOBAL CORPORATE & SPECIALTY Safety and Shipping Review 2021 An annual review of trends and developments in shipping losses and safety SAFETY AND SHIPPING REVIEW 2021 About AGCS Allianz Global Corporate & Specialty (AGCS) is a leading global corporate insurance carrier and a key business unit of Allianz Group. We provide risk consultancy, Property‑Casualty insurance solutions and alternative risk transfer for a wide spectrum of commercial, corporate and specialty risks across 10 dedicated lines of business. Our customers are as diverse as business can be, ranging from Fortune Global 500 companies to small businesses, and private individuals. Among them are not only the world’s largest consumer brands, tech companies and the global aviation and shipping industry, but also satellite operators or Hollywood film productions. They all look to AGCS for smart answers to their largest and most complex risks in a dynamic, multinational business environment and trust us to deliver an outstanding claims experience. Worldwide, AGCS operates with its own teams in 31 countries and through the Allianz Group network and partners in over 200 countries and territories, employing around 4,400 people. As one of the largest Property‑ Casualty units of Allianz Group, we are backed by strong and stable financial ratings. In 2020, AGCS generated a total of €9.3 billion gross premium globally. www.agcs.allianz.com 2 PAGE 4 Executive summary PAGE 10 Losses in focus: 2011 to 2020 Trends PAGE 18 1. The Covid factors PAGE 28 2. Larger vessels PAGE 38 3. Supply chains and ports PAGE 42 4. Security and sanctions PAGE 48 5.
    [Show full text]
  • Research Article Application of Buoy Observations in Determining Characteristics of Several Typhoons Passing the East China Sea in August 2012
    Hindawi Publishing Corporation Advances in Meteorology Volume 2013, Article ID 357497, 6 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/357497 Research Article Application of Buoy Observations in Determining Characteristics of Several Typhoons Passing the East China Sea in August 2012 Ningli Huang,1 Zheqing Fang,2 and Fei Liu1 1 Shanghai Marine Meteorological Center, Shanghai, China 2 Department of Atmospheric Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China Correspondence should be addressed to Zheqing Fang; [email protected] Received 27 February 2013; Revised 5 May 2013; Accepted 21 May 2013 Academic Editor: Lian Xie Copyright © 2013 Ningli Huang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The buoy observation network in the East China Sea is used to assist the determination of the characteristics of tropical cyclone structure in August 2012. When super typhoon “Haikui” made landfall in northern Zhejiang province, it passed over three buoys, the East China Sea Buoy, the Sea Reef Buoy, and the Channel Buoy, which were located within the radii of the 13.9 m/s winds, 24.5 m/s winds, and 24.5 m/s winds, respectively. These buoy observations verified the accuracy of typhoon intensity determined by China Meteorological Administration (CMA). The East China Sea Buoy had closely observed typhoons “Bolaven” and “Tembin,” which provided real-time guidance for forecasters to better understand the typhoon structure and were also used to quantify the air-sea interface heat exchange during the passage of the storm.
    [Show full text]
  • Directorate of Distance Education NALSAR University of Law, Hyderabad
    Centre for Aerospace & Defence Laws (CADL) Directorate of Distance Education NALSAR University of Law, Hyderabad Course Material P.G. DIPLOMA (ADVANCED MARITIME LAWS) 1.2.6. MARITIME LAWS AND CONTEMPORARY ISSUES Compiled by: Prof. (Dr.) V. Balakista Reddy (For private circulation only) NALSAR University of Law, Hyderabad (Print 2019) (For private circulation only) Page | 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS MODULE I – MARITIME PIRACY (07-47) 1.1. Defining and Understanding Piracy 1.2. Other Problems Faced While Prosecuting Pirates 1.3. Maritime Piracy Incidents in Figures 1.4. Maritime Piracy as an Organized Crime 1.5. International Response to Suppress Piracy 1.6. Emerging Risks Associated With Foreign Naval Intervention in HOA 1.7. IMO Guidance 1.8. India- Africa Maritime Regime And Steps Taken To Suppress Maritime Piracy: 1.9. India’s Bilateral Maritime Partnerships with Select African Countries in WIO 1.10. India’s Maritime Cooperation with African Littorals: Key Challenges 1.11. Incidents of Piracy That Took Place in India MODULE II – MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL LAW (51-113) 2.1 Marine Environment 2.2 Protection of Marine Environment under International Law 2.3 Role of the United Nations in Marine Environment 2.4 Memoranda of Understanding on Port State Control (MoUs) and MoU regimes 2.5 Role of the International Maritime Organization in Protection of Marine Environment MODULE III – MARITIME ACCIDENTS AND DISASTER MANAGEMENT (117-164) 3.1. Introduction to marine safety and emergency response 3.2. Marine Accidents 3.3. Causes for maritime accidents 3.4. Marine disasters 3.5. Need for disaster management 3.6. Theories for analysis of marine accidents, risk assessment and disaster management 3.7.
    [Show full text]
  • 二零一七熱帶氣旋tropical Cyclones in 2017
    176 第四節 熱帶氣旋統計表 表4.1是二零一七年在北太平洋西部及南海區域（即由赤道至北緯45度、東 經 100度至180 度所包括的範圍）的熱帶氣旋一覽。表內所列出的日期只說明某熱帶氣旋在上述範圍內 出現的時間，因而不一定包括整個風暴過程。這個限制對表內其他元素亦同樣適用。 表4.2是天文台在二零一七年為船舶發出的熱帶氣旋警告的次數、時段、首個及末個警告 發出的時間。當有熱帶氣旋位於香港責任範圍內時（即由北緯10至30度、東經105至125 度所包括的範圍），天文台會發出這些警告。表內使用的時間為協調世界時。 表4.3是二零一七年熱帶氣旋警告信號發出的次數及其時段的摘要。表內亦提供每次熱帶 氣旋警告信號生效的時間和發出警報的次數。表內使用的時間為香港時間。 表4.4是一九五六至二零一七年間熱帶氣旋警告信號發出的次數及其時段的摘要。 表4.5是一九五六至二零一七年間每年位於香港責任範圍內以及每年引致天文台需要發 出熱帶氣旋警告信號的熱帶氣旋總數。 表4.6是一九五六至二零一七年間天文台發出各種熱帶氣旋警告信號的最長、最短及平均 時段。 表4.7是二零一七年當熱帶氣旋影響香港時本港的氣象觀測摘要。資料包括熱帶氣旋最接 近香港時的位置及時間和當時估計熱帶氣旋中心附近的最低氣壓、京士柏、香港國際機 場及橫瀾島錄得的最高風速、香港天文台錄得的最低平均海平面氣壓以及香港各潮汐測 量站錄得的最大風暴潮（即實際水位高出潮汐表中預計的部分，單位為米）。 表4.8.1是二零一七年位於香港600公里範圍內的熱帶氣旋及其為香港所帶來的雨量。 表4.8.2是一八八四至一九三九年以及一九四七至二零一七年十個為香港帶來最多雨量 的熱帶氣旋和有關的雨量資料。 表4.9是自一九四六年至二零一七年間，天文台發出十號颶風信號時所錄得的氣象資料， 包括熱帶氣旋吹襲香港時的最近距離及方位、天文台錄得的最低平均海平面氣壓、香港 各站錄得的最高60分鐘平均風速和最高陣風。 表4.10是二零一七年熱帶氣旋在香港所造成的損失。資料參考了各政府部門和公共事業 機構所提供的報告及本地報章的報導。 表4.11是一九六零至二零一七年間熱帶氣旋在香港所造成的人命傷亡及破壞。資料參考 了各政府部門和公共事業機構所提供的報告及本地報章的報導。 表4.12是二零一七年天文台發出的熱帶氣旋路徑預測驗証。 177 Section 4 TROPICAL CYCLONE STATISTICS AND TABLES TABLE 4.1 is a list of tropical cyclones in 2017 in the western North Pacific and the South China Sea (i.e. the area bounded by the Equator, 45°N, 100°E and 180°). The dates cited are the residence times of each tropical cyclone within the above‐mentioned region and as such might not cover the full life‐ span. This limitation applies to all other elements in the table. TABLE 4.2 gives the number of tropical cyclone warnings for shipping issued by the Hong Kong Observatory in 2017, the durations of these warnings and the times of issue of the first and last warnings for all tropical cyclones in Hong Kong's area of responsibility (i.e. the area bounded by 10°N, 30°N, 105°E and 125°E). Times are given in hours and minutes in UTC. TABLE 4.3 presents a summary of the occasions/durations of the issuing of tropical cyclone warning signals in 2017. The sequence of the signals displayed and the number of tropical cyclone warning bulletins issued for each tropical cyclone are also given.
    [Show full text]
  • International Maritime Organization Maritime Knowledge Centre (Mkc) Current Awareness Bulletin January 2019
    INTERNATIONAL MARITIME ORGANIZATION MARITIME KNOWLEDGE CENTRE (MKC) “Sharing Maritime Knowledge” CURRENT AWARENESS BULLETIN JANUARY 2019 www.imo.org Maritime Knowledge Centre (MKC) [email protected] www d Maritime Knowledge Centre (MKC) About the MKC Current Awareness Bulletin (CAB) The aim of the MKC Current Awareness Bulletin (CAB) is to provide a digest of news and publications focusing on key subjects and themes related to the work of IMO. Each CAB issue presents headlines from the previous month. For copyright reasons, the Current Awareness Bulletin (CAB) contains brief excerpts only. Links to the complete articles or abstracts on publishers' sites are included, although access may require payment or subscription. The MKC Current Awareness Bulletin is disseminated monthly and issues from the current and the past years are free to download from this page. Email us if you would like to receive email notification when the most recent Current Awareness Bulletin is available to be downloaded. The Current Awareness Bulletin (CAB) is published by the Maritime Knowledge Centre and is not an official IMO publication. Inclusion does not imply any endorsement by IMO. Table of Contents IMO NEWS & EVENTS ............................................................................................................................ 2 UNITED NATIONS ................................................................................................................................... 3 CASUALTIES...........................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Bulk Carrier Casualty Report Years 2010 to 2019 and Trends INTERCARGO | | [email protected] | INTERCARGO
    Bulk Carrier Casualty Report Years 2010 to 2019 and trends INTERCARGO | www.intercargo.org | [email protected] | www.intercargo.org INTERCARGO 1 INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF DRY CARGO SHIPOWNERS 4th Floor, 123 Minories, London EC3N 1NT, U.K. Phone: +44 (0)20 8106 8480 E-mail: [email protected] Web Site: www.intercargo.org Bulk Carrier Casualty Report Years 2010 to 2019 and trends While this report has been developed using the best informa- tion currently available, it is intended purely as guidance and is to be used at the user's own risk. No responsibility is accept- ed by INTERCARGO or by any person, firm, corporation or or- ganisation who or which has been in any way concerned with the furnishing of information or data, the compilation, publica- tion or authorised translation, supply or the sale of this report, for the accuracy of any information or advice given herein or for any omission here from or for any consequences whatsoever resulting directly or indirectly from compliance with or adoption of guidance contained herein. © INTERCARGO 2020 Contents 6 Introduction 8 Summary Analysis of total losses for previous ten years 2010 to 2019 10 Losses by cause 11 Losses by bulk carrier size 12 Losses by age 12 Losses by dwt 12 Losses by average age 12 Loss of life 13 Flag state performance 14 Casualty list 20 Alphabetical list 22 INTERCARGO – Who we are 24 INTERCARGO – Membership 5 Introduction The loss of the bulk carrier Nur Allya in August 2019 cast a shad- ow over the industry’s excellent safety performance throughout the previous year, during which no bulk carrier casualties were report- ed.
    [Show full text]
  • Regional Responses to U.S.-China Competition in the Indo-Pacific: Indonesia
    Regional Responses to U.S.-China Competition in the Indo-Pacific Indonesia Jonah Blank C O R P O R A T I O N For more information on this publication, visit www.rand.org/t/RR4412z3 For more information on this series, visit www.rand.org/US-PRC-influence Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available for this publication. ISBN: 978-1-9774-0558-6 Published by the RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, Calif. © Copyright 2021 RAND Corporation R® is a registered trademark. Cover: globe: jcrosemann/GettyImages; flags: luzitanija/Adobe Stock Limited Print and Electronic Distribution Rights This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law. This representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for noncommercial use only. Unauthorized posting of this publication online is prohibited. Permission is given to duplicate this document for personal use only, as long as it is unaltered and complete. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of its research documents for commercial use. For information on reprint and linking permissions, please visit www.rand.org/pubs/permissions. The RAND Corporation is a research organization that develops solutions to public policy challenges to help make communities throughout the world safer and more secure, healthier and more prosperous. RAND is nonprofit, nonpartisan, and committed to the public interest. RAND’s publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions of its research clients and sponsors. Support RAND Make a tax-deductible charitable contribution at www.rand.org/giving/contribute www.rand.org Preface The U.S. Department of Defense’s (DoD’s) 2018 National Defense Strategy highlights the important role that U.S.
    [Show full text]