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Interferometry SP-406 Volume II December 1997 ISBN 92-9092-307-5 'Fringe 96' Workshop ERS SAR Interferometry Zurich, Switzerland 30 September - 2 October 1996 GEN65 European Space Agency Agence spatiale europeenne 2 Corrigenda to SP-406 - 'Fringe 96• • Printed version only: CROSS-COMPATIBILITY OF ERS-SLC PRODUCTS A. Barmettler & al., Remote Sensing laboratories, CH (colour images printed on wrong page: 214 instead of 314; the complete and correct version is reproduced in this volume on pages 129-138) • Printed version & CD-ROM • listed under co-author in Table of Contents: THE 1995 GREVENA (NORTHERN GREECE) EARTHQUAKE: FAULT MODEL CONSTRAINED WITH TECTONIC OBSERVATIONS AND SAR INTERFEROMETRY (Abstract) J.B. de Chabalier & al., lnstitut de Physique du Globe, France (listed as B. Meyer & al.) • listed under incorrect name in Table of Contents: OBSERVATION AND MODELLING OF THE SAINT-ETIENNE-DE-TINEE LANDSLIDE USING SAR INTERFEROMETRY 8. Fruneau & al., lnstitut de Physique du Globe, France (listed as F. Benedicte) • listed under thematic session instead of 'Opening Session': THE SHUTTLE RADAR TOPOGRAPHY MAPPER (Abstract) T.G. Farr & M. Kobrick, JPL, California Institute of Technologv, USA (listed under Session 1) THE DIGITAL ELEVATION MODEL MARKET: CURRENT SITUATION & PERSPECTIVES (Abstract) L.-F. Guerre & al., Spot Image, France (listed under Session 2) Addenda This volume contains 18 late papers missing from the first issue of SP-406. ESA SP-406 (Volume II): Proceedings of the 'Fringe 96' Workshop on ER<;SAR Interferometry Published by: ESA Publications Division ESTEC, Noordwijk, The Netherlands Compiled by: T.-D. Guyenne & D. Danesy Price Code: 80 Dtl. Copyright: © 1997 European Space Agency ISBN 92-9092-307-5 Printed in The Netherlands 3 Fringe 96 - Supplement Session 1 - Geology & Hazards Applications Chairman: H. Laur MONITORING OF SMALL MOTIONS IN MINING AREAS BY SAR INTERFEROMETRY L. Timmen & al., GeoForschungsZentrum. Germany 5 APPLICATION OF SAR INTERFEROMETRY TO THE IMAGING AND MEASUREMENT OF NEOTECTONIC MOVEMENT APPLIED TO MINING AND OTHER SUBSIDENCE/ DOWNWARP MODELLING R. Stow, Doncaster College, UK 9 Session 2 - DEM Applications Chairman: S. Coulson DEM GENERATION BY MEANS OF ERS TANDEM DATA A. Moccia & al., Dipartimento di Scienza e Ingegneria de/lo Spazio "L.G. Napolitano", Universita di Napoli, Italy (listed on CD-ROM under G. Rufino; no link to Contents page) 15 THE EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT LAND COVERS ON THE ACCURACY OF INTERFEROMETRIC DEM A. Wehr & al., Institute of Navigation, University of Stuttgart, Germany (listed on CD-ROM under K-H. Thiel; no link to Contents page) 33 VALIDA TION OF HEIGHT MODELS FROM ERS INTERFEROMETRY D. Small & D. Ntiesch, Remote Sensing Laboratories CRSL),Switzerland 43 Session 3 - Forest & Landcover Applications Chairman: M. Borgeaud INITIAL TESTING OF TANDEM QUALITY FOR INSAR APPLICATIONS, EXAMPLES FROM TAIWAN, MADAGASCAR, ZAIRE, MALI, IVORY COAST AND GREENLAND (Abstract) G. Solaas & F. Gatelli, RSIE Data Utilisation Section, ESRIN, ESA, Italv 55 INTERFEROMETRY FOR FOREST STUDIES N. Floury & al., Centre d'Etudes Spatiales de la Biosphere, France 57 ANALYSIS OF ERS-SAR TANDEM TIME SERIES USING COHERENCE AND BACKSCATTERING COEFFICIENT 0. Stebler & al., Remote Sensing Laboratories (RSL), Switzerland 71 PHASE SHIFT INTERPRETATION ON ERS-1 INTERFEROGRAMS AND LABORATORY MEASUREMENTS J.-P. Rudant & al., UMLV & UPMC, France 83 LAND APPLICATIONS USING ERS-1/2 TANDEM DATA U. Wegmtiller & C. L. Werner, GAMMA Remote Sensing AG, Switzerland 97 4 Session 4 - Processors & Products Chairman: J-P. Guignard AN INTEGRATED METHODOLOGY FOR DEM COMPUTATION THROUGH FUSION OF INTERFEROMETRIC, RADARGRAMMETRIC AND PHOTOGRAMMETRIC DATA (Abstract) I. Tannous & F. Le Goff, SYSECA, France 113 THE UCL 3D IMAGE MAKER SYSTEM FOR AUTOMATED DIFFERENTIAL SAR INTERFEROMETRY (Abstract) M. Upton & al., University College London, UK 115 A WORKSTATION FOR SPACEBORNE INTERFEROMETRIC SAR DATA (Abstract) M.W.A. van der Kooij & al., Atlantis Scientific Systems Group Inc., Canada 116 Session 5 - Algorithms & Techniques Chairman: E. Attema COMPARISON OF REPEAT TRACK INTERFEROMETRIC CORRELATION FROM ERS-I, ERS TANDEM, SIR-C AND JERS-I (Abstract) C. L. Werner & al., Jet Propulsion Laboratory, USA 117 NEW METHODS OF PHASE UNWRAPPING AND BASELINE ADJUSTMENTS IN SAR INTERFEROMETRY H. Tarayre-Oriot & D. Massonnet, ONERA. France 119 ATMOSPHERIC ARTIFACTS ON INTERFEROGRAMS H. Tarayre-Oriot & D. Massonnet, ONERA, France 125 Session 6: Validation Chairman: G. Solaas CROSS-COMPATIBILITY OF ERS-SLC PRODUCTS A. Barmettler & al., Remote Sensing Laboratories, CH 129 Session 7 - Ice & Glaciers Chairman: Y-L. Desnos THE USE OF TANDEM DATA IN THE ANTARCTIC AREA X. Wu & al., Institute of Navigation, University of Stuttgart, Germany (not listed on CD-ROM Contents page) I39 GLACIOLOGICAL STUDIES IN THE ALPS AND IN ANTARCTICA USING ERS INTERFEROMETRIC SAR H. Rott & A. Siegel, lnstitut filr Meteorologie und Geophysik UniversitiitInnsbruck, Austria (not listed on CD-ROM Contents page) I49 5 Monitoring of Small Motions in Mining Areas by SAR lnterf erometry Ludger Timmen GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam Telegrafenberg Al 7, D-14473 Potsdam [email protected] Xia Ye GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam Telegrafenberg Al 7, D-14473 Potsdam [email protected] Christoph Reigber GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam Telegrafenberg Al 7, D-14473 Potsdam [email protected] Rolf Hartmann Jena-Optronik GmbH Prussingstr. 41, D-07745 Jena Thomas Fiksel Jena-Optronik GmbH Prussingstr, 41, D-07745 Jena W. Winzer Jena-Optronik GmbH Prussingstr. 41, D-07745 Jena Jochen Knoch-Weber WISMUT GmbH Jagdschankenstr. 29, D-09117 Chemnitz Abstract In the former WISMUT uranium ore mining and processing area (Thuringia, Germany) controlling of small surface movements with "cmt'-accuracy is required. A promising tool is the D-INSAR technology, which could reduce man power spending, compared with other geodetic techniques (GPS, precise levelling). The GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam (GFZ), the DASAJena-Optronik company (DJO) and the WISMUT company participate in a joint project (sponsored by the German Space Agency DARA) to apply INSAR in the WISMUT area, using a stable corner reflector (CR) reference net and measuring CRs. The phase difference between the CRs are investigated with the objective to monitor CR movements. The network has been initially positioned by GPS and is also controlled by terrestrial geodetic measurements. Experiments are presently being carried out by shifting CRs out of position. The project status and first results are presented in this paper. Keywords: corner reflectors, mining area, small motions Introduction Under the supervision of GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam (GFZ), a SAR interferometry (INSAR) application project for monitoring surface deformations in the WISMUT mining area started in September 1995. Over more than 40 years the former Soviet-German corporation WISMUT was intensively occupied with exploitation and processing of uranium ore in Thuringia (Eastern Germany). In 1990, the uranium ore production stopped and the WISMUT Ltd. was established to control or perform the redevelopment measures in the 37 km2 large area. Seeking for cost-effective geodetic measurement methods to monitor anticipated surface movements, the spacebome SAR interferometry is obviously a promissing tool. The capability of differential INSAR (D-INSAR) was already shown in the "Bonn-Experiment", performed by ESA-ESRIN, INS-University of Stuttgart and Politecnico de Milano (Prati et al. Proceedings of the 'Fringe 96' Workshop on ERS SAR Interferometry, Zurich, 30 Sept. - 2 Oct. 1996 (ESA SP-406,Vol. II, December 1997) 6 performed by ESA-ESRIN, INS-University of Stuttgart and Politecnico de Milano (Prati et al. 1993). Several drawbacks for SAR applications are inherent in the WISMUT area: vegetation. limited space between mining facilities, abrupt terrain height changes in the precincts of slagheaps and of sludge settlement basins. To overcome some of the terrain deficiencies and to achieve the best possible accuracy, corner reflectors (CRs) are employed. A CR represents a defined geometrical reference point in the radar image and shows favourable reflection characteristics with respect to intensity and stability. The detection of surface movements with "cm-accuracy" is required. In a joint project the GFZ, the DASA Jena-Optronik company (DJO) and the WI SMUT company are developing procedures to derive point movements from a CR network analysis. This includes the elaboration of scientific background as well as practical testing. The methodology is evolved on the principle of the division of labour by GFZ and DJO. In addition. GFZ is mainly focusing on the project assessment where as the partner from industry, DJO will put the technique into practice. The WISMUT defines the user demands, and assesses the project continually from its point of view. Project MODIFI Within the project MODIFI (Monitoring of Displacement Fields by Radar Interferometry) the field work has reached a level of full availability of a corner reflector network (10 CRs) for experiments. The array is deployed over an area of l 5x6 km2. All CRs, with an edge length of 1.50 m, were installed on concret platforms of 2.5x2.5x0.8 m3 dimension, see Fig. I. They were centered above GPS groundmarkers with an accuracy of 1 mm, which means that the CR apex and the groundmarker is in one vertical line. The CRs can be rotated allowing an orientation on descending or ascending orbits of ERS-1/2. The axis of rotation coincides with the vertical line
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