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City Research Online City, University of London Institutional Repository Citation: Kattami, C. (1996). Development of a construction methodology of goal directed, optimal complexity, flexible and task oriented (GOFT) training materials for novice computer users: application and evaluation in adults with mental health problems. (Unpublished Doctoral thesis, City University London) This is the accepted version of the paper. This version of the publication may differ from the final published version. Permanent repository link: https://openaccess.city.ac.uk/id/eprint/7779/ Link to published version: Copyright: City Research Online aims to make research outputs of City, University of London available to a wider audience. Copyright and Moral Rights remain with the author(s) and/or copyright holders. URLs from City Research Online may be freely distributed and linked to. Reuse: Copies of full items can be used for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-profit purposes without prior permission or charge. Provided that the authors, title and full bibliographic details are credited, a hyperlink and/or URL is given for the original metadata page and the content is not changed in any way. City Research Online: http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/ [email protected] DEVELOPMNT OF A CONSTRUCTION MTHODOLOGY OF GOAL DIRECTED, OPTIMAL CCIPLEXITY, FLEXIBLE & TASK ORIENTED (LOFT) TRAINING MATERIALS FOR NOVICE COMPUTER USERS. APPLICATION & EVALUATION IN ADULTS WITH MENTAL HEALTH PROBLEMS. Christalena Kattami Doctoral Thesis CITY UNIVERSITY Rehabilitation Research Centre, SystemScience Department February 1996 1 PAGE NUMBERS CUT OFF IN THE ORIGINAL TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENT 7 ................................................................................................... DECLARATION 8 ............................................................................................................. ABSTRACT 9 ................................................................................................................... INTRODUCTION 10 .............................................................................................. THEORETICAL BACKGROUND 19 ....................................................................... 1. HUMAN FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH HCI 19 ......................................................... 1.1 Basic Processes Affecting The Hci 20 ................................................................ 1.1.1 Arousal Of The Organism 21 ....................................................................... 1.1.2 Selective Attention 22 .................................................................................... 1.1.3 Sensory Motor Characteristics 25 - ................................................................. 1.1.4 Working Memory 28 ..................................................................................... 1.1.5 Long Term Memory 30 ................................................................................. 1.1.6 Language Comprehension 34 ....................................................................... 1.2 Complex Processes Affecting The Hci 36 ............................................................ 1.2.1 Skill Acquisition Theories 37 .......................................................................... 1.2.2 Problem Solving Approaches 43 ................................................................... 1.2.3 Goal Directed Behaviour 48 .......................................................................... HCl FOR ADULT, NOVICE LEARNER 54 2. THE ........................................................... To The Computer User 54 2.1 Issues Related .......................................................... The Ways Adult Users Prefer To Learn 54 2.1.1 .................................................... 2.1.2 Misconceptions About Computers 58 ........................................................... Psychological Factors 59 2.1.3 ............................................................................. Differences 60 2.1.4 Individual .............................................................................. Issues Related To The Computer Features 63 2.2 .................................................... 2.2.1 The Computer Language 63 .......................................................................... 2.2.2 The Computer Interface 64 ............................................................................ 2.2.3 The Help Facilities 66 .................................................................................... 2.2.4 The Errors Made 68 ...................................................................................... 2.2.5 The Computer's Alien Culture 69 ................................................................... 2.3 ComputerTraining Models.............................................................................. 70 HEALTHREHABILITATION 77 3. COMPUTERTRAINING IN MENTAL .......................... In MentalHealth 77 3.1 VocationalRehabilitation ..................................................... Health Rehabilitation 81 3.2 Computers In Mental .................................................... Of The User With MentalIllness 83 3.3 Characteristics ............................................ 2 4. TASK ANALYSIS MODELS OF HUMAN COMPUTER INTERACTION 89 ..................... 4.1 The Task Strategies Approach 90 ....................................................................... 4.2 Task Analysis For Knowledge Based Descriptions (TAKD) 91 ........................... 4.3 Command Language Grammar (CLG) ........................................................... 92 4.4 External Internal Task Mapping Analysis (ETIT) 94 - .......................................... 4.5 Task Action Grammar (TAG) .......................................................................... 95 4.6 The Goms Family; The Keystroke Model ....................................................... 96 4.7 The User Device Model - ................................................................................ 98 4.8 Information Structure Description Model ....................................................... 99 4.9 Decomposition Of Mental Activity 100 ................................................................ 4.10 Cognitive Task Analysis Model (CTA) 101 .......................................................... 4.11 Conclusion 104 ................................................................................................... METHODOLOGY & DEVELOPMENT OF GOFT TRAINING MATERIALS......105 5.1 MethodologyOf Training Construction ........................................................106 5.1.1 Theoretical Premises Of Construction 111 ...................................................... 5.1.2 Guidelines Of Construction 122 .................................................................... 5.2 Implemented Theoretical Models 126 .................................................................. 5.2.1 The Goms Model 126 .................................................................................... 5.2.2 The Cct Model 129 ........................................................................................ 5.1.3 Cognitive Task Analysis Of Applications 131 .................................................. 5.2.4 ImplementationOf The Models 136 ............................................................... 5.3 Objectives Of The Training Materials 137 ............................................................ 5.4 Structure Of The Goft Training Materials 138 ...................................................... 5.4.1 Instructional Part 138 ..................................................................................... 5.3.2 The Application Part 140 ............................................................................... 5.5 The Difficulty Evaluation Model ..................................................................... 143 5.6 The Developed Goft Training Materials ......................................................... 149 RESEARCH DESIGNS & FINDINGS ............................................................... 151 6. OBSERVATIONAL APPROACH .......................................................................... 152 6.1 Overall Training Process Observations ....................................................... 152 6.2 Case Histories .............................................................................................. 154 6.3 Discussion 158 .................................................................................................... 7. RESEARCH DESIGN I 160 ....................................................................................... 7.1 Purpose & Hypotheses 160 ................................................................................ 7.2 Variables 161 ...................................................................................................... 3 7.3 Method 162 ........................................................................................................... 7.3.1 Subjects 162 ................................................................................................. 7.3.2 Procedure 163 .............................................................................................. Measurements 165 7.3.3 ....................................................................................... & Discussion 167 7.4 Results ................................................................................... 7.4.1 Participants 167 ..........................................................................................

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