Diverse Application of Phoenix Sylvestris: a Potential Herb
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Phoenix Sylvestris, Wild Date Palm1 Robert J
FOR 246 Phoenix sylvestris, Wild Date Palm1 Robert J. Northrop, Michael G. Andreu, Melissa H. Friedman, Mary McKenzie, and Heather V. Quintana2 Family Description Arecaceae, palm family. This palm is native to India and southern portions of Pakistan. In both countries, it occurs in areas where there Genus is sparse vegetation mainly composed of scrub species and along flat lands where monsoons occur. Though slow Phoenix is the Latin term for the Greek word that means growing, it can reach heights of up to 50 feet and grows well “date palm.” in areas of the United States where temperatures do not fall below 15°F. Leaves are pinnately compound and blue-green, Species and they can grow to 10 feet in length. Leaflets can reach The species name sylvestris translates from the Latin term approximately 18 inches long and grow opposite to one for “of the forest.” another on the rachis in such a way that the entire leaf looks flat. The petiole, or stem that attaches the leaf to the trunk, is 3 feet long and armed with spines. Young trunks bear Common Names triangular shaped leaf scars (the place where leaves once Wild Date Palm, Toddy Palm, Sugar Date attached to the trunk) that become more diamond-shaped Palm, Silver Date Palm with age. On older trees, aerial roots tend to be present This palm produces edible fruits but it is generally called at the base of the trunk. Yellow inflorescences can reach “wild date palm” to distinguish it from the closely related lengths of 3 feet, are heavily branched, bear small white Phoenix dactylifera, which is known as “date palm” and is blossoms, and grow among the leaves. -
Approved Plant List 10/04/12
FLORIDA The best time to plant a tree is 20 years ago, the second best time to plant a tree is today. City of Sunrise Approved Plant List 10/04/12 Appendix A 10/4/12 APPROVED PLANT LIST FOR SINGLE FAMILY HOMES SG xx Slow Growing “xx” = minimum height in Small Mature tree height of less than 20 feet at time of planting feet OH Trees adjacent to overhead power lines Medium Mature tree height of between 21 – 40 feet U Trees within Utility Easements Large Mature tree height greater than 41 N Not acceptable for use as a replacement feet * Native Florida Species Varies Mature tree height depends on variety Mature size information based on Betrock’s Florida Landscape Plants Published 2001 GROUP “A” TREES Common Name Botanical Name Uses Mature Tree Size Avocado Persea Americana L Bahama Strongbark Bourreria orata * U, SG 6 S Bald Cypress Taxodium distichum * L Black Olive Shady Bucida buceras ‘Shady Lady’ L Lady Black Olive Bucida buceras L Brazil Beautyleaf Calophyllum brasiliense L Blolly Guapira discolor* M Bridalveil Tree Caesalpinia granadillo M Bulnesia Bulnesia arboria M Cinnecord Acacia choriophylla * U, SG 6 S Group ‘A’ Plant List for Single Family Homes Common Name Botanical Name Uses Mature Tree Size Citrus: Lemon, Citrus spp. OH S (except orange, Lime ect. Grapefruit) Citrus: Grapefruit Citrus paradisi M Trees Copperpod Peltophorum pterocarpum L Fiddlewood Citharexylum fruticosum * U, SG 8 S Floss Silk Tree Chorisia speciosa L Golden – Shower Cassia fistula L Green Buttonwood Conocarpus erectus * L Gumbo Limbo Bursera simaruba * L -
Physico-Chemical and Nutritional Characteristics, and Antimicrobial Activity of Oil Palm Syrup, Raffia Palm Syrup and Honey
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences (IOSR-JPBS) e-ISSN: 2278-3008, p-ISSN:2319-7676. Volume 11, Issue 1 Ver. I (Jan. - Feb. 2016), PP 73-78 www.iosrjournals.org Physico-chemical and Nutritional Characteristics, and Antimicrobial Activity of Oil Palm Syrup, Raffia Palm Syrup and Honey *Fred Omon Oboh, Lorenta Iyare, Monday Idemudia and Stephen Enabulele. Department of Basic Sciences, Benson Idahosa University, P.M.B. 1100, Benin City, Nigeria. Correspondence e-mail: [email protected], [email protected] Abstract: The physico-chemical characteristics and antimicrobial activity of oil palm syrup, raffia palm syrup and honey were studied. The materials contained mainly carbohydrate (64.76-68.79%) and water (28.05- 31.50). They exhibited similar densities (1.23-1.26 g cm-3) and pH (3.51-4.18), and had low ash (0.30-0.50%), protein (0.24-1.04%) and lipid (2.20-3.62%) content. They had modest content of Fe (2.35-3.30 mg/100g), Ca (37.06-79.05 mg/100g), and phenolic compounds (125.93-185.44 mg GAE /100 g), and were rich in potassium (325.12-628.56 mg/100g). They contained non-enzymatic browning products (browning intensity was 0.71 for honey, 0.159 for raffia palm syrup and 0.175 for oil palm syrup). The materials exhibited antimicrobial activity against clinical strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The antimicrobial activities of dilute solutions (0.1 ml, 0.5% aqueous solutions) of the honey (containing 360 µg dry matter) and syrups (raffia, 360 µg and oil palm, 340 µg dry matter) were similar to that of 10 µg of the antibiotic streptomycin. -
TAXON:Phoenix Sylvestris SCORE:5.0 RATING:Evaluate
TAXON: Phoenix sylvestris SCORE: 5.0 RATING: Evaluate Taxon: Phoenix sylvestris Family: Arecaceae Common Name(s): date sugar palm Synonym(s): Elate sylvestris L. (basionym) Indian date silver date palm wild date palm Assessor: No Assessor Status: Assessor Approved End Date: 29 Jul 2014 WRA Score: 5.0 Designation: EVALUATE Rating: Evaluate Keywords: Naturalized, Tropical Palm, Spiny, Dioecious, Bird-dispersed Qsn # Question Answer Option Answer 101 Is the species highly domesticated? y=-3, n=0 n 102 Has the species become naturalized where grown? 103 Does the species have weedy races? Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If 201 island is primarily wet habitat, then substitute "wet (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) (See Appendix 2) High tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" 202 Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) (See Appendix 2) High 203 Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) y=1, n=0 n Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or 204 y=1, n=0 y subtropical climates Does the species have a history of repeated introductions 205 y=-2, ?=-1, n=0 y outside its natural range? 301 Naturalized beyond native range y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2), n= question 205 y 302 Garden/amenity/disturbance weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2) n 303 Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see Appendix 2) n 304 Environmental weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see Appendix 2) n 305 Congeneric weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2) y 401 Produces spines, thorns or burrs -
Outline of Angiosperm Phylogeny
Outline of angiosperm phylogeny: orders, families, and representative genera with emphasis on Oregon native plants Priscilla Spears December 2013 The following listing gives an introduction to the phylogenetic classification of the flowering plants that has emerged in recent decades, and which is based on nucleic acid sequences as well as morphological and developmental data. This listing emphasizes temperate families of the Northern Hemisphere and is meant as an overview with examples of Oregon native plants. It includes many exotic genera that are grown in Oregon as ornamentals plus other plants of interest worldwide. The genera that are Oregon natives are printed in a blue font. Genera that are exotics are shown in black, however genera in blue may also contain non-native species. Names separated by a slash are alternatives or else the nomenclature is in flux. When several genera have the same common name, the names are separated by commas. The order of the family names is from the linear listing of families in the APG III report. For further information, see the references on the last page. Basal Angiosperms (ANITA grade) Amborellales Amborellaceae, sole family, the earliest branch of flowering plants, a shrub native to New Caledonia – Amborella Nymphaeales Hydatellaceae – aquatics from Australasia, previously classified as a grass Cabombaceae (water shield – Brasenia, fanwort – Cabomba) Nymphaeaceae (water lilies – Nymphaea; pond lilies – Nuphar) Austrobaileyales Schisandraceae (wild sarsaparilla, star vine – Schisandra; Japanese -
Materials-Panels-2-With-BB-Logo.Pdf
MATERIALS GRASSES These monocotyledonous, usually herbaceous Preparation: Bamboo is split in half along its length plants are widespread, versatile and adapted to using a hatchet and then again into the required conditions ranging from rainforests to deserts widths. The inner and outer layers are separated. and intertidal habitats. The outer bark strip is considered the most beautiful. The flat strong strips lend themselves to plaiting: STRAW, from cereal crops; rice, wheat, oats, rye and plain weave, complex twills and hexagonal weave. barley. In northern Europe from as early as 1500AD corn dollies or tokens were made representing the spirit of the harvest and ensuring the success of future crops. The straw hat industry in Europe from the 1600s involved thousands of families in cottage industries making straw plait. In England this centred on Luton. In Europe straw was stitched (lipwork) into beeskeps, baskets for proving bread and for chair seating. Throughout Africa and America grasses have been used to make coiled vessels for beer, corn and storing grain. ‘Moso’ bamboo growing at Carwinion Gardens, Cornwall MEDITERRANEAN CANE (Arundo donax) grows from the Mediterranean to the Far East in wet areas. It is used split in basketry and for blinds. MARRAM GRASS is native to the coasts of Europe, growing on dunes, introduced and invasive in other countries. From the sixteenth century the marram weavers of Newborough, Angelsey, Wales plaited mats for thatching haystacks and later for horticulture, this Traditional stooked straw sheaves. St Columb, Cornwall cottage industry survived into the 1930s. Preparation: Straw is generally tempered (soaked in ESPARTO GRASS grows around the Mediterranean in water for long enough to allow it to be bent without sandy soil; it has great strength and flexibility and has splitting or breaking). -
Hybridization in the Genus Phoenix: a Review
Emir. J. Food Agric. 2013. 25 (11): 831-842 doi: 10.9755/ejfa.v25i11.16660 http://www.ejfa.info/ REVIEW ARTICLE Hybridization in the genus Phoenix: A review Muriel Gros-Balthazard* University of Fribourg, Department of Biology, Biochemistry, Chemin du Musée 10, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland Abstract The genus Phoenix is composed of 14 species naturally distributed in the Old World. This genus comprises the date palm, Phoenix dactylifera L., cultivated for its fruits, the dates, while other species are grown for food, ornament and religious purposes. Phoenix species were, for these reasons, spread out of their natural distribution area. It is therefore common to find species not naturally sympatric, growing together, in cultivation or in the wild. Phoenix species are interfertile and crossing distinct species leads to fertile hybrid offspring (interspecific hybridization). The introduction of a species in the wild generates gene flows leading to the creation of new hybrids and has conservation implications. In cultivation, such crossings may be spontaneous or are the result of artificial pollination, as several reasons impel doing so. Crossing gives rise to beautiful hybrids and is also useful for the conservation of old palm groves threatened by pests. Moreover, artificial pollination of date palms using another Phoenix species can be of interest given the metaxenic pollen effects. In addition, this process may have some potential benefits in date palm improvements, by the creation of hybrid cultivars. Thus, an increasing need of hybrid detection and characterization exists, particularly as morphology alone is not sufficient for this task. Besides new methods such as traditional and geometric morphometrics that may bring new clues, the advent of genetic and molecular markers helps to detect hybrids, especially based on the combination of nuclear and chloroplastic data. -
Insects Associated with Palm Wine from Raffia Palm (Raphia Hookeri) Were Studied in Three Villages in Southeastern, Nigeria for Four Weeks
Animal Research International (2011) 8(1): 1328 – 1336 1328 INSECTS ASSOCIATED WITH WINE FROM RAFFIA PALM (Raphia hookeri) IN ALOR, NIGERIA 1EWUIM, Sylvanus Chima, 2AKUNNE, Chidi Emmanuel, 3ANUMBA, Anthonia Ifeoma and 4ETAGA, Harrison Oghenekevwe 12Department of Zoology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria. 3Department of Biological Sciences, Wesley University of Science and Technology, Ondo State, Nigeria. 4Department of Statistics, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria. Corresponding Author: Ewuim, S. C. Department of Zoology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria. Email: [email protected] Phone: ABSTRACT The insects associated with palm wine from raffia palm (Raphia hookeri) were studied in three villages in Southeastern, Nigeria for four weeks. The insects were sieved out after 24 hours from each 10 litres of raffia palm. Gas chromatography was used to analyse the raffia palm wine after 24 hours. The daily collection of the insects lasted for 28 days between February and March, 2008. The results showed that as the number of days increased the concentration of glucose and fructose decreased with alcoholic content increasing at varying pH and temperature. A total of eight insect species made up of seven genera represented by seven families – Formicidea, Apidae, Drosophilidae, Sarcophagidae, Calliphoridae, Nitidulidae and Curculronidae were obtained. There was a preponderance in the collection of Camponotus maculatus, Maycodrosophylla sp. and Lepidoptera larvae in all the site with C. acvapimensis and Apis mellifera L. collected in fairly large numbers from all the sites (villages). There was also preponderance in the collection of Diptera larvae, even though they were collected from only one village Ide. -
Type 2 Diabetes Induced Oxidative Brain Injury Involves Altered Cerebellar Neuronal Integrity and Elemental Distribution, and Ex
Metabolic Brain Disease (2019) 34:1385–1399 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11011-019-00444-x ORIGINAL ARTICLE Type 2 diabetes induced oxidative brain injury involves altered cerebellar neuronal integrity and elemental distribution, and exacerbated Nrf2 expression: therapeutic potential of raffia palm (Raphia hookeri)wine Ochuko L. Erukainure1,2 & Omamuyovwi M. Ijomone3,4 & Olakunle Sanni1 & Michael Aschner3 & Md. Shahidul Islam1 Received: 25 November 2018 /Accepted: 28 May 2019 /Published online: 14 June 2019 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2019 Abstract Neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease have been recognized as one of the microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes (T2D). In this study, the effect of T2D on neuronal integrity and elemental distribution in the cerebellar cortex, as well as the therapeutic effect of Raffia Palm (Raphia hookeri) wine (RPW) were investigated in male albino rats. T2D was induced in 4 groups of rats using fructose and streptozotocin. One group served as negative control which was administered water, the second and third group were administered 150 and 300 mg/kg bodyweight of RPW, while the fourth was administered metformin (200 mg/kg bodyweight). Two other groups of normal rats were administered distilled water (control) and of RPW (300 mg/kg bodyweight). The rats were sacrificed after 5 weeks of treatment, and brains were collected. The cerebellum was removed, and several parts analyzed by immunochemistry, histology and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Remaining brain tissues were used to analyze for the oxidative stress biomarkers and acetylcholinesterase activity. These analyses revealed oxidative damage with concomitantly increased acetylcholinesterase activity and upregulation of Nrf2 expression in the diabetic brain cerebellar cortexes. -
Socio-Economics of Mangrove Ecosystem in South-Eastern Ayeyarwady Delta Area of Myanmar ©2019 Myint 227
Journal of Aquaculture & Marine Biology Research Article Open Access Socio-economics of mangrove ecosystem in South- eastern Ayeyarwady Delta area of Myanmar Abstract Volume 8 Issue 6 - 2019 Coastal communities are dependent on the resources available in mangrove ecosystems. Kyi Kyi Myint The loss of these ecosystems would mean local, national and global welfare losses. Healthy Department of Botany, University of Magway, Myanmar mangrove ecosystems were related with integrated ecological and economical processes by local people. In the present study, uses of mangroves, products and the fishery status of Correspondence: Kyi Kyi Myint, Associate Professor, local areas have been studied. The mangrove forests from the study areas provide charcoal, Department of Botany, Magway University, Myanmar, firewood, food and some medicinal plants for local people. To assess the economic value of Email the regions, the local people from three villages who lived in and near the mangrove forest were questioned and documented. The households studied were categorized into three Received: November 14, 2019 | Published: December 03, groups such as poor, middle and rich class and then their monthly income and kinds of jobs 2019 studied. The products and works based on mangrove forest and water ways of study areas were the production of Nipa thatches, dried fishes, dried shrimp, nga-pi, pickled shrimp, shrimp sauce and charcoals. Keywords: Ayeyarwady delta, Nipa thatches, nga-pi, pickled shrimp Introduction the two conflicting demands on mangrove lands. Apportioning of the mangrove land resource to these two major uses under the concept Mangrove forests were crucial of significance for local people, of sustainable management of the ecosystem needs further research providing food, shelter and, medicinal and other uses. -
MG Study Travel Program, Costa Rica 2016 Feb 22 – Floating To
MG Study Travel Program, Costa Rica 2016 Feb 22 – Floating to Tortuguero On our first day of the 2016 MG tour of Costa Rica, we left the big city of San Jose up in the mountains of the central valley, drove across the Continental Divide, and down the Atlantic slope to the Caribbean lowlands. We went from the lush rainforest of Braulio Carrillo National Park at the top of the Central Volcanic Mountain Range down to open pasture, banana plantations – stopping briefly at the edge of one field to look at the plants and bagged fruits – Driving through Braulio Carrillo National Park. Banana plantation (L), inflorescence (LC), flowers (RC), and bagged fruit (R). and other agriculture on the flat lands, to eventually arrive at the landing spot for boat transportation to our lodge in Tortuguero. This small town on the edge of one of the most remote and pristine parks in Costa Rica, Tortuguero National Park, is accessible only by boat or air. This coastal area of northern Costa Rica and adjacent Nicaragua is a low alluvial floodplain with permanent or seasonal swamp forests in the lowest and flattest areas. This was once an archipelago of volcanic islands until alluvial sediments from the interior mountains filled in the spaces and formed an extensive network of marshy islands interspersed by natural freshwater creeks, canals and lagoons, forming the flooded forest. After we were settled in the long, flat boat our captain navigated the shallow water of the tidal canal, slowing to maneuver around submerged obstacles, and speeding up in straight spots. -
Threatened Jott
Journal ofThreatened JoTT TaxaBuilding evidence for conservation globally PLATINUM OPEN ACCESS 10.11609/jott.2020.12.3.15279-15406 www.threatenedtaxa.org 26 February 2020 (Online & Print) Vol. 12 | No. 3 | Pages: 15279–15406 ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) ISSN 0974-7893 (Print) ISSN 0974-7907 (Online); ISSN 0974-7893 (Print) Publisher Host Wildlife Information Liaison Development Society Zoo Outreach Organization www.wild.zooreach.org www.zooreach.org No. 12, Thiruvannamalai Nagar, Saravanampatti - Kalapatti Road, Saravanampatti, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641035, India Ph: +91 9385339863 | www.threatenedtaxa.org Email: [email protected] EDITORS English Editors Mrs. Mira Bhojwani, Pune, India Founder & Chief Editor Dr. Fred Pluthero, Toronto, Canada Dr. Sanjay Molur Mr. P. Ilangovan, Chennai, India Wildlife Information Liaison Development (WILD) Society & Zoo Outreach Organization (ZOO), 12 Thiruvannamalai Nagar, Saravanampatti, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641035, Web Design India Mrs. Latha G. Ravikumar, ZOO/WILD, Coimbatore, India Deputy Chief Editor Typesetting Dr. Neelesh Dahanukar Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune, Maharashtra, India Mr. Arul Jagadish, ZOO, Coimbatore, India Mrs. Radhika, ZOO, Coimbatore, India Managing Editor Mrs. Geetha, ZOO, Coimbatore India Mr. B. Ravichandran, WILD/ZOO, Coimbatore, India Mr. Ravindran, ZOO, Coimbatore India Associate Editors Fundraising/Communications Dr. B.A. Daniel, ZOO/WILD, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641035, India Mrs. Payal B. Molur, Coimbatore, India Dr. Mandar Paingankar, Department of Zoology, Government Science College Gadchiroli, Chamorshi Road, Gadchiroli, Maharashtra 442605, India Dr. Ulrike Streicher, Wildlife Veterinarian, Eugene, Oregon, USA Editors/Reviewers Ms. Priyanka Iyer, ZOO/WILD, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641035, India Subject Editors 2016–2018 Fungi Editorial Board Ms. Sally Walker Dr. B.