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Phoenix Sylvestris, Wild Date Palm1 Robert J
FOR 246 Phoenix sylvestris, Wild Date Palm1 Robert J. Northrop, Michael G. Andreu, Melissa H. Friedman, Mary McKenzie, and Heather V. Quintana2 Family Description Arecaceae, palm family. This palm is native to India and southern portions of Pakistan. In both countries, it occurs in areas where there Genus is sparse vegetation mainly composed of scrub species and along flat lands where monsoons occur. Though slow Phoenix is the Latin term for the Greek word that means growing, it can reach heights of up to 50 feet and grows well “date palm.” in areas of the United States where temperatures do not fall below 15°F. Leaves are pinnately compound and blue-green, Species and they can grow to 10 feet in length. Leaflets can reach The species name sylvestris translates from the Latin term approximately 18 inches long and grow opposite to one for “of the forest.” another on the rachis in such a way that the entire leaf looks flat. The petiole, or stem that attaches the leaf to the trunk, is 3 feet long and armed with spines. Young trunks bear Common Names triangular shaped leaf scars (the place where leaves once Wild Date Palm, Toddy Palm, Sugar Date attached to the trunk) that become more diamond-shaped Palm, Silver Date Palm with age. On older trees, aerial roots tend to be present This palm produces edible fruits but it is generally called at the base of the trunk. Yellow inflorescences can reach “wild date palm” to distinguish it from the closely related lengths of 3 feet, are heavily branched, bear small white Phoenix dactylifera, which is known as “date palm” and is blossoms, and grow among the leaves. -
Approved Plant List 10/04/12
FLORIDA The best time to plant a tree is 20 years ago, the second best time to plant a tree is today. City of Sunrise Approved Plant List 10/04/12 Appendix A 10/4/12 APPROVED PLANT LIST FOR SINGLE FAMILY HOMES SG xx Slow Growing “xx” = minimum height in Small Mature tree height of less than 20 feet at time of planting feet OH Trees adjacent to overhead power lines Medium Mature tree height of between 21 – 40 feet U Trees within Utility Easements Large Mature tree height greater than 41 N Not acceptable for use as a replacement feet * Native Florida Species Varies Mature tree height depends on variety Mature size information based on Betrock’s Florida Landscape Plants Published 2001 GROUP “A” TREES Common Name Botanical Name Uses Mature Tree Size Avocado Persea Americana L Bahama Strongbark Bourreria orata * U, SG 6 S Bald Cypress Taxodium distichum * L Black Olive Shady Bucida buceras ‘Shady Lady’ L Lady Black Olive Bucida buceras L Brazil Beautyleaf Calophyllum brasiliense L Blolly Guapira discolor* M Bridalveil Tree Caesalpinia granadillo M Bulnesia Bulnesia arboria M Cinnecord Acacia choriophylla * U, SG 6 S Group ‘A’ Plant List for Single Family Homes Common Name Botanical Name Uses Mature Tree Size Citrus: Lemon, Citrus spp. OH S (except orange, Lime ect. Grapefruit) Citrus: Grapefruit Citrus paradisi M Trees Copperpod Peltophorum pterocarpum L Fiddlewood Citharexylum fruticosum * U, SG 8 S Floss Silk Tree Chorisia speciosa L Golden – Shower Cassia fistula L Green Buttonwood Conocarpus erectus * L Gumbo Limbo Bursera simaruba * L -
TAXON:Phoenix Sylvestris SCORE:5.0 RATING:Evaluate
TAXON: Phoenix sylvestris SCORE: 5.0 RATING: Evaluate Taxon: Phoenix sylvestris Family: Arecaceae Common Name(s): date sugar palm Synonym(s): Elate sylvestris L. (basionym) Indian date silver date palm wild date palm Assessor: No Assessor Status: Assessor Approved End Date: 29 Jul 2014 WRA Score: 5.0 Designation: EVALUATE Rating: Evaluate Keywords: Naturalized, Tropical Palm, Spiny, Dioecious, Bird-dispersed Qsn # Question Answer Option Answer 101 Is the species highly domesticated? y=-3, n=0 n 102 Has the species become naturalized where grown? 103 Does the species have weedy races? Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If 201 island is primarily wet habitat, then substitute "wet (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) (See Appendix 2) High tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" 202 Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) (See Appendix 2) High 203 Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) y=1, n=0 n Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or 204 y=1, n=0 y subtropical climates Does the species have a history of repeated introductions 205 y=-2, ?=-1, n=0 y outside its natural range? 301 Naturalized beyond native range y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2), n= question 205 y 302 Garden/amenity/disturbance weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2) n 303 Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see Appendix 2) n 304 Environmental weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see Appendix 2) n 305 Congeneric weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2) y 401 Produces spines, thorns or burrs -
The Egyptian Predynastic and State Formation
J Archaeol Res DOI 10.1007/s10814-016-9094-7 The Egyptian Predynastic and State Formation Alice Stevenson1 Ó The Author(s) 2016. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com Abstract When the archaeology of Predynastic Egypt was last appraised in this journal, Savage (2001a, p. 101) expressed optimism that ‘‘a consensus appears to be developing that stresses the gradual development of complex society in Egypt.’’ The picture today is less clear, with new data and alternative theoretical frameworks challenging received wisdom over the pace, direction, and nature of complex social change. Rather than an inexorable march to the beat of the neo-evolutionary drum, primary state formation in Egypt can be seen as a more syncopated phenomenon, characterized by periods of political experimentation and shifting social boundaries. Notably, field projects in Sudan and the Egyptian Delta together with new dating techniques have set older narratives of development into broader frames of refer- ence. In contrast to syntheses that have sought to measure abstract thresholds of complexity, this review of the period between c. 4500 BC and c. 3000 BC tran- scends analytical categories by adopting a practice-based examination of multiple dimensions of social inequality and by considering how the early state may have become a lived reality in Egypt around the end of the fourth millennium BC. Keywords State formation Á Social complexity Á Neo-evolutionary theory Á Practice theory Á Kingship Á Predynastic Egypt Introduction Forty years ago, the sociologist Abrams (1988, p. 63) famously spoke of the difficulty of studying that most ‘‘spurious of sociological objects’’—the modern state. -
The Pennsylvania State University Schreyer Honors College
THE PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY SCHREYER HONORS COLLEGE DEPARTMENT OF ANTHROPOLOGY PERCEPTIONS OF ANCIENT EGYPT THROUGH HISTORY, ACQUISITION, USE, DISPLAY, IMAGERY, AND SCIENCE OF MUMMIES ANNA SHAMORY SPRING 2020 A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for baccalaureate degrees in Archaeological Science and Classics and Ancient Mediterranean Studies with honors in Archaeological Science Reviewed and approved* by the following: Claire Milner Associate Research Professor of Anthropology Thesis Supervisor Douglas Bird Associate Professor of Anthropology Honors Adviser * Electronic approvals are on file in the Schreyer Honors College. i ABSTRACT To the general public, ancient Egypt is the land of pharaohs, pyramids, and most importantly – mummies. In ancient times, mummies were created for a religious purpose. The ancient Egyptians believed that their bodies needed to be preserved after physical death, so they could continue into the afterlife. In the centuries after ancient Egypt fell to Roman control, knowledge about ancient Egyptian religion, language, and culture dwindled. When Egypt and its mummies were rediscovered during the Middle Ages, Europeans had little understanding of this ancient culture beyond Classical and Biblical sources. Their lack of understanding led to the use of mummies for purposes beyond their original religious context. After Champollion deciphered hieroglyphics in the 19th century, the world slowly began to learn about Egypt through ancient Egyptian writings in tombs, monuments, and artifacts. Fascination with mummies has led them to be one of the main sources through which people conceptualize ancient Egypt. Through popular media, the public has come to have certain inferences about ancient Egypt that differ from their original meaning in Pharaonic times. -
Hybridization in the Genus Phoenix: a Review
Emir. J. Food Agric. 2013. 25 (11): 831-842 doi: 10.9755/ejfa.v25i11.16660 http://www.ejfa.info/ REVIEW ARTICLE Hybridization in the genus Phoenix: A review Muriel Gros-Balthazard* University of Fribourg, Department of Biology, Biochemistry, Chemin du Musée 10, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland Abstract The genus Phoenix is composed of 14 species naturally distributed in the Old World. This genus comprises the date palm, Phoenix dactylifera L., cultivated for its fruits, the dates, while other species are grown for food, ornament and religious purposes. Phoenix species were, for these reasons, spread out of their natural distribution area. It is therefore common to find species not naturally sympatric, growing together, in cultivation or in the wild. Phoenix species are interfertile and crossing distinct species leads to fertile hybrid offspring (interspecific hybridization). The introduction of a species in the wild generates gene flows leading to the creation of new hybrids and has conservation implications. In cultivation, such crossings may be spontaneous or are the result of artificial pollination, as several reasons impel doing so. Crossing gives rise to beautiful hybrids and is also useful for the conservation of old palm groves threatened by pests. Moreover, artificial pollination of date palms using another Phoenix species can be of interest given the metaxenic pollen effects. In addition, this process may have some potential benefits in date palm improvements, by the creation of hybrid cultivars. Thus, an increasing need of hybrid detection and characterization exists, particularly as morphology alone is not sufficient for this task. Besides new methods such as traditional and geometric morphometrics that may bring new clues, the advent of genetic and molecular markers helps to detect hybrids, especially based on the combination of nuclear and chloroplastic data. -
In Early Egypt: Towards a Prehistoric Perspective on the Narmer Palette
Cambridge Archaeological Journal http://journals.cambridge.org/CAJ Additional services for Cambridge Archaeological Journal: Email alerts: Click here Subscriptions: Click here Commercial reprints: Click here Terms of use : Click here Rethinking ‘Cattle Cults’ in Early Egypt: Towards a Prehistoric Perspective on the Narmer Palette David Wengrow Cambridge Archaeological Journal / Volume 11 / Issue 01 / April 2001, pp 91 104 DOI: 10.1017/S0959774301000051, Published online: 05 September 2001 Link to this article: http://journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S0959774301000051 How to cite this article: David Wengrow (2001). Rethinking ‘Cattle Cults’ in Early Egypt: Towards a Prehistoric Perspective on the Narmer Palette. Cambridge Archaeological Journal, 11, pp 91104 doi:10.1017/S0959774301000051 Request Permissions : Click here Downloaded from http://journals.cambridge.org/CAJ, IP address: 144.82.107.37 on 30 Jan 2013 Cambridge Archaeological Journal 11:1 (2001), 91–104 Rethinking ‘Cattle Cults’ in Early Egypt: Towards a Prehistoric Perspective on the Narmer Palette David Wengrow The Narmer Palette occupies a key position in our understanding of the transition from Predynastic to Dynastic culture in Egypt. Previous interpretations have focused largely upon correspondences between its decorative content and later conventions of élite dis- play. Here, the decoration of the palette is instead related to its form and functional attributes and their derivation from the Neolithic cultures of the Nile Valley, which are contrasted with those of southwest Asia and Europe. It is argued that the widespread adoption of a pastoral lifestyle during the fifth millennium BC was associated with new modes of bodily display and ritual, into which cattle and other animals were incorporated. -
Egyptian and Greek Water Cultures and Hydro-Technologies in Ancient Times
sustainability Review Egyptian and Greek Water Cultures and Hydro-Technologies in Ancient Times Abdelkader T. Ahmed 1,2,* , Fatma El Gohary 3, Vasileios A. Tzanakakis 4 and Andreas N. Angelakis 5,6 1 Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Aswan University, Aswan 81542, Egypt 2 Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Islamic University, Madinah 42351, Saudi Arabia 3 Water Pollution Research Department, National Research Centre, Cairo 12622, Egypt; [email protected] 4 Department of Agriculture, School of Agricultural Science, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Iraklion, 71410 Crete, Greece; [email protected] 5 HAO-Demeter, Agricultural Research Institution of Crete, 71300 Iraklion, Greece; [email protected] 6 Union of Water Supply and Sewerage Enterprises, 41222 Larissa, Greece * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 2 October 2020; Accepted: 19 November 2020; Published: 23 November 2020 Abstract: Egyptian and Greek ancient civilizations prevailed in eastern Mediterranean since prehistoric times. The Egyptian civilization is thought to have been begun in about 3150 BC until 31 BC. For the ancient Greek civilization, it started in the period of Minoan (ca. 3200 BC) up to the ending of the Hellenistic era. There are various parallels and dissimilarities between both civilizations. They co-existed during a certain timeframe (from ca. 2000 to ca. 146 BC); however, they were in two different geographic areas. Both civilizations were massive traders, subsequently, they deeply influenced the regional civilizations which have developed in that region. Various scientific and technological principles were established by both civilizations through their long histories. Water management was one of these major technologies. Accordingly, they have significantly influenced the ancient world’s hydro-technologies. -
Early Hydraulic Civilization in Egypt Oi.Uchicago.Edu
oi.uchicago.edu Early Hydraulic Civilization in Egypt oi.uchicago.edu PREHISTORIC ARCHEOLOGY AND ECOLOGY A Series Edited by Karl W. Butzer and Leslie G. Freeman oi.uchicago.edu Karl W.Butzer Early Hydraulic Civilization in Egypt A Study in Cultural Ecology Internet publication of this work was made possible with the generous support of Misty and Lewis Gruber The University of Chicago Press Chicago and London oi.uchicago.edu Karl Butzer is professor of anthropology and geography at the University of Chicago. He is a member of Chicago's Committee on African Studies and Committee on Evolutionary Biology. He also is editor of the Prehistoric Archeology and Ecology series and the author of numerous publications, including Environment and Archeology, Quaternary Stratigraphy and Climate in the Near East, Desert and River in Nubia, and Geomorphology from the Earth. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago 60637 The University of Chicago Press, Ltd., London ® 1976 by The University of Chicago All rights reserved. Published 1976 Printed in the United States of America 80 79 78 77 76 987654321 Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Butzer, Karl W. Early hydraulic civilization in Egypt. (Prehistoric archeology and ecology) Bibliography: p. 1. Egypt--Civilization--To 332 B. C. 2. Human ecology--Egypt. 3. Irrigation=-Egypt--History. I. Title. II. Series. DT61.B97 333.9'13'0932 75-36398 ISBN 0-226-08634-8 ISBN 0-226-08635-6 pbk. iv oi.uchicago.edu For INA oi.uchicago.edu oi.uchicago.edu CONTENTS List of Illustrations Viii List of Tables ix Foreword xi Preface xiii 1. -
Table of Contents Than a Proper TIMOTHY K
Palms Journal of the International Palm Society Vol. 57(1) Mar. 2013 PALMS Vol. 57(1) 2013 CONTENTS Island Hopping for Palms in Features 5 Micronesia D.R. H ODEL Palm News 4 Palm Literature 36 Shedding Light on the 24 Pseudophoenix Decline S. E DELMAN & J. R ICHARDS An Anatomical Character to 30 Support the Cohesive Unit of Butia Species C. M ARTEL , L. N OBLICK & F.W. S TAUFFER Phoenix dactylifera and P. sylvestris 37 in Northwestern India: A Glimpse of their Complex Relationships C. N EWTON , M. G ROS -B ALTHAZARD , S. I VORRA , L. PARADIS , J.-C. P INTAUD & J.-F. T ERRAL FRONT COVER A mighty Metroxylon amicarum , heavily laden with fruits and festooned with epiphytic ferns, mosses, algae and other plants, emerges from the low-hanging clouds near Nankurupwung in Nett, Pohnpei. See article by D.R. Hodel, p. 5. Photo by D.R. Hodel. The fruits of Pinanga insignis are arranged dichotomously BACK COVER and ripen from red to Hydriastele palauensis is a tall, slender palm with a whitish purplish black. See article by crownshaft supporting the distinctive canopy. See article by D.R. Hodel, p. 5. Photo by D.R. Hodel, p. 5. Photo by D.R. Hodel . D.R. Hodel. 3 PALMS Vol. 57(1) 2013 PALM NEWS Last year, the South American Palm Weevil ( Rhynchophorus palmarum ) was found during a survey of the Lower Rio Grande Valley, Texas . This palm-killing weevil has caused extensive damage in other parts of the world, according to Dr. Raul Villanueva, an entomologist at the Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center at Weslaco. -
Dancing and the Beginning of Art Scenes in the Early Village Communities of the Near East and Southeast Europe
Cambridge Archaeological Journal 8:2 (1998), pp. 207-37 Dancing and the Beginning of Art Scenes in the Early Village Communities of the Near East and Southeast Europe Yosef Garfinkel Dancing is depicted in the earliest art of the ancient Near East. It appears in many variations from the ninth to the sixth millennium BP over a vast geographical range. This article discusses the dancing performance, the social context of the dance and cognitive aspects of the dancing scenes. Ethnographic observations are used in order to gain a wider view of dancing and dancing scenes in pre-state societies. A correlation can be observed between art, symbolism, religion and social organization. Ethnographic observations on the ritual and reli- visual, kinesthetic, and aesthetic aspects of human gious activities of pre-state societies emphasize the movement with (usually) the aural dimension of importance of speech, singing and dancing. Bloch musical sounds and sometimes poetry. Dance is created out of culturally understood symbols within Wrote of this situation: 'I very much doubt that an social and religious contexts, and it conveys infor- event observed by an anthropologist which did not mation and meaning as ritual, ceremony, and en- contain these three elements would ever be described tertainment. For dance to communicate, its audience by him as a ritual. In other words these phenomena must understand the cultural conventions that deal have been implicitly taken as the distinguishing with human movement in time and space. (Kaeppler marks of ritual' (Bloch 1989, 21). In the case of pre- 1992,196) historic pre-state societies, speech and singing are lost for ever, but some evidence of dancing has sur- Dancing is an activity which is not limited to hu- vived through art objects. -
MOST ANCIENT EGYPT Oi.Uchicago.Edu Oi.Uchicago.Edu
oi.uchicago.edu MOST ANCIENT EGYPT oi.uchicago.edu oi.uchicago.edu Internet publication of this work was made possible with the generous support of Misty and Lewis Gruber MOST ANCIE NT EGYPT William C. Hayes EDITED BY KEITH C. SEELE THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO PRESS CHICAGO & LONDON oi.uchicago.edu Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 65-17294 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO PRESS, CHICAGO & LONDON The University of Toronto Press, Toronto 5, Canada © 1964, 1965 by The University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Published 1965. Printed in the United States of America oi.uchicago.edu WILLIAM CHRISTOPHER HAYES 1903-1963 oi.uchicago.edu oi.uchicago.edu INTRODUCTION WILLIAM CHRISTOPHER HAYES was on the day of his premature death on July 10, 1963 the unrivaled chief of American Egyptologists. Though only sixty years of age, he had published eight books and two book-length articles, four chapters of the new revised edition of the Cambridge Ancient History, thirty-six other articles, and numerous book reviews. He had also served for nine years in Egypt on expeditions of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the institution to which he devoted his entire career, and more than four years in the United States Navy in World War II, during which he was wounded in action-both periods when scientific writing fell into the background of his activity. He was presented by the President of the United States with the bronze star medal and cited "for meritorious achievement as Commanding Officer of the U.S.S. VIGILANCE ... in the efficient and expeditious sweeping of several hostile mine fields.., and contributing materially to the successful clearing of approaches to Okinawa for our in- vasion forces." Hayes' original intention was to work in the field of medieval arche- ology.