http://gunturk.tk/ List of English words of Turkic origin

This is a list of words that have entered into the English language from the . Many of them came via traders and soldiers from and in the Ottoman Empire. There are some Turkic words as well, most of them entered English via the Russian language. Languages of left numerous traces in different languages, including the English language. Turkic borrowings, which belong to the social and political vocabulary, are generally used in special literature and in the historical and ethnographical works, which relate to the life of Turkic and Muslim peoples. The ethnographical words are generally used in the scientific literature, and in the historical and ethnographical texts.

The adoption of Indian words, among which there were some Turkic borrowings, became one of the ways for the words of the Turkic A caique on the Bosphorus origin to penetrate English. Additionally, several words of Turkic origin penetrated English through East European languages like Russian and Polish. German, Latin, Spanish, Italian, French, Hungarian and Serbo-Croatian were also intermediary languages for the Turkic words to penetrate English, as well as containing numerous Turkic loanwords themselves (e.g. Serbo-Croatian contains around 5,000 Turkic loanwords, primarily from Turkish [1]).

In the nineteenth century, Turkic loanwords, generally of Turkish origin, began to penetrate not only through the writings of the travelers, diplomats and merchants, and through the ethnographical and historical works, but also through the press. In 1847, there were two English-language newspapers in Istanbul – The Levant Herald and The Levant Times, seven newspapers in French, one in German and 37 in Turkish. Turkish contributed the largest share of the Turkic loans, which penetrated into the English directly. This can be explained by the fact that had the most intensive and wide connections with England. Nevertheless, there are many Turkic loans in English, which were borrowed by its contacts with other peoples – Azerbaijanis, Tatars, Uzbeks, Kazakhs and Kirghiz.

Most of the Turkic loans in English carry exotic or ethnographical connotations. They do not have equivalents in English, do not have synonymic relations with primordial words, and generally A Janissary agha. are used to describe the fauna, flora, life customs, political and social life, and an administrative-territorial structure of Turkic regions. But there are many Turkic loans, which are still part of the frequently used vocabulary. Some Turkic loans have acquired new meanings, unrelated to their etymology.

To conclude, the words of the Turkic origin began penetrating English as early as the Middle Ages, the Turkic loanwords found their way into English through other languages, most frequently through French. Since the 16c, beginning from the time of the establishment of the direct contacts between England and Turkey, and Russia, in English appeared new direct borrowings from Turkic languages. German, Polish, Russian, Serbo-Croatian, French, Arabic, Armenian, Afrikaans, Hungarian, Yiddish, Indian, Spanish, Italian, Latin, Malayan, to a different extent, took part in the process of the transfer of the Turkic words into English. The main language from which the borrowings were made, was Turkish. A Afshar from Turkic Afshar, "a Turkic tribe living majorly in Kerman province of Iran". A Shiraz rug of coarse weave.[2][3][4] Aga or Agha from Turkish ağa, a title of rank, especially in Turkey.[5][6] Aga Khan from Turkic agha and khan, the divinely ordained head of the Ismaili branch of Shiism.[7] Airan from Turkish ayran [8][9][10] Akbash from Turkish akbaş, literally "a whitehead" [11] Akche from Turkish akçe, also asper, an Ottoman monetary unit consisted of small silver coins.[12][13] Akhissar from Turkish Akhisar, a town in Manisa, Turkey near İzmir. A kind of heavy modern carpet made at Akhisar, Turkey.[14] Altai from Altay Mountains, range in , which is from Turkic-Mongolian altan, meaning "golden". 1. An Asiatic breed of small shaggy sturdy horses. 2. An animal of the Altai breed.[15][16] Altilik from Turkish altılık. A coin, originally of silver and equivalent to 6 piasters, formerly used in Turkey [17] Araba from Russian arba, which is from Turkish araba. A carriage used in Turkey and neighboring countries.[18] Arnaut from Turkish arnavut, "an Albanian". An inhabitant of Albania and neighboring mountainous regions, especially an Albanian serving in the Turkish army.[19] Astrakhan from Astrakhan, Russia, which is from Tatar or Kazakh hadžitarkhan, or As-tarxan (tarkhan of As or Alans) of Russian origin or a cloth with a pile resembling karakul.[20][21] Atabeg from Turkic atabeg, from ata, "a father" + beg "a prince".[22][23] Atabek from Turkic, an alternative form of Atabeg. Ataghan from Turkish yatağan, an alternative form of Yataghan.[24] Ataman from Russian, from South Turkic ataman, "leader of an armed band" : ata, "father" + -man, augmentative suffix.[25] Aul from Russian, from Kazan Tatar & Kirghiz.[26]

B Bahadur from Hindi bahādur "brave, brave person", from Persian, probably from Mongolian, cf. Classical Mongolian baγatur, which is from Turkic, perhaps originally a Turkic personal name.[27] Bairam from Turkish bayram, literally "a festival" [28][29] Baklava [30] from Turkish baklava Pieces of baklava. from Balaklava, village in the Crimea, which is from Turkish balıklava. A hoodlike knitted covering the head, neck, and part of the shoulders and worn especially by soldiers and mountaineers.[31][32] Balalaika from Russian balalaika, of Turkic origin.[33][34] Balkan from Turkish balkan "a mountain chain", relating to the states of the Balkan Peninsula, or their peoples, languages, or cultures.[35] Bamia from Turkish bamya.[36] Ban from Romanian, from Serbo-Croatian ban, "lord", which is from Turkic bayan, "very rich person" : bay, "rich" + -an, intensive suff.[37] Barbotte from Canadian French barbotte, which is from Turkish barbut. A dice game [38] Barkhan from Russian, which is from Kirghiz barkhan. A moving sand dune shaped like a crescent and found in several very dry regions of the world [39] Bashaw from Turkish başa, a variant of pasha [40] Bashi-bazouk from Turkish başıbozuk [41] Bashlyk from Turkish başlık, "a ", from baş, "a head" [42] Batman from Turkish batman. Any of various old Persian or Turkish units of weight [43] Beetewk from Russian bityug, bityuk, which is from Turkic bitük, akin to Chagatai bitü, Uzbek bitäü. A Russian breed of heavy draft horses.[44][45] Beg from Turkic beg, an alternative form of bey [46] Beglerbeg from Turkish beylerbeyi, a variant of beylerbey [47] Begum from Hindi & Urdu begam, which is from East Turkic begüm [48] Behcet from the name of Turkish scientist Hulusi Behçet, a multisystem, chronic recurrent disease.[49] Bektashi from Turkish bektaşi [50] Bergamot from French bergamote, from Italian bergamotta, ultimately from Turkish bey armudu, literally, "the bey's pear" [51] Bey from Turkish bey [52] Beylerbey from Turkish beylerbeyi [53] Beylik from Turkish beylik [54][55][56] Binbashi from Turkish binbaşı, "chief of a thousand", bin "thousand" + bash "head". (Mil.) A major in the Turkish army.[57] Bogatyr from Russian bogatyr "hero, athlete, warrior", from Old Russian bogatyri, of Turkic origin; akin to Turkish batur "brave" [58] Borunduk from Russian burunduk, which is from Mari uromdok or from Turkic burunduk. A Siberian ground squirrel.[59][60][61] Bosa, also Boza from Turkish boza, a fermented drink [62][63] Bosh from Turkish boş, which means "nonsense, empty" [64] (Bosh on wiktionary) Bostanji from Turkish bostancı, literally "a gardener" [65] Bouzouki from modern Greek mpouzoúki, which is from Turkish bozuk "broken, ruined, depraved" or büzük "constricted, puckered".[66] Boyar from Russian boyarin, from Old Russian boljarin, from Turkic baylar, plural of bay, "rich"; akin to Turkish bay, "rich, gentleman".[67] Bridge game the word came into English from the Russian word, biritch, which in turn originates from a Turkic word for "bugler" (in modern Turkish: borucu, borazancı) or might have come from a Turkish term bir, üç, or "one, three" [68] Bugger from Middle English bougre, "heretic", from Old French boulgre, from Medieval Latin Bulgarus, from Greek Boulgaros, "Bulgarian", probably ultimately from Turkic bulghar, "of mixed origin, promiscuous" or "rebels", from bulgamaq, "to mix, stir, stir up".[69][70][71][72] Bulgar from Bolgar, Bolghar, former kingdom on the Volga river around Kazan (see bugger). A Russian leather originally from Bolgar.[70][73] Bulgur from Turkish bulgur, which means "pounded wheat" [74] Buran from Russian buran, of Turkic origin, probably from Tatar buran [75][76] Burka from Russian, probably from buryi "dark brown (of a horse)", probably of Turkic origin; akin to Turkish bur "red like a fox"; the Turkic word probably from Persian bor "reddish brown"; akin to Sanskrit babhru "reddish brown".[77]

C Cafeneh from Turkish kahvane, kahvehane "a coffee shop, café", from kahve "coffee" + hane "house" [78][79] Caïque from Turkish kayık [80] Caiquejee alteration (influenced by caique) of earlier caikjee, from Turkish kayıkçı, "a boatman" [81] Calpack from Turkish kalpak [82] Caracal from Turkish karakulak, which means "black ear" [83] Caraco from French, perhaps from Turkish kerrake "alpaca coat". A woman's short coat or jacket usually about waist length.[84] Caracul Dervishes wearing calpacks. from Uzbek karakul, an alteration of karakul [85] Caragana from New Latin, of Turkic origin; akin to Kirghiz karaghan "Siberian pea tree".[86] Caramoussal from Turkish karamürsel, karamusal, perhaps from kara "black" + mürsel "envoy, apostle" [87] Casaba from a town called Kasaba (now Turgutlu) in Turkey [88] Cassock from Middle French casaque "long coat", probably ultimately from Turkic quzzak "nomad, adventurer" (the source of Cossack), an allusion to their typical riding coat. Or perhaps from Arabic kazagand, from Persian kazhagand "padded coat".[89] Cathay Cathay "China", from Medieval Latin Cataya, "Kitai", of Turkic origin; akin to Kazan Tatar Kytai "China", Old Turkic Qytan "Khitan" [90][91] Cham from French, which is from Turkish khan, "lord, prince" [92] Chekmak from Turkish, a Turkish fabric of silk and cotton, with gold thread interwoven.[93] Chiaus from Turkish çavuş.[94] Chibouk from Turkish çubuk.[95] Chock a block from Turkish çok kalabalık.[96] Choga from Sindhi, of Altaic origin; akin to Turkish çuha "cloth". A long-sleeved long-skirted cloak for men worn mainly in India and Pakistan.[97] Chouse perhaps from Turkish çavuş "a doorkeeper, messenger" [98] Corsac from Russian korsak, from Kirghiz karsak, "a small yellowish brown bushy-tailed fox" [99] Cosaque from French, literally, "Cossack", from Russian Kazak & Ukrainian kozak, which is from Turkic Kazak. A cracker.[100] Cossack from Turkic quzzaq which means "adventurer, guerilla, nomad" [101] (Cossack on wiktionary)

D Desemer from German, from Low German, alteration of Middle Low German bisemer, besemer, of Baltic origin; akin to Lithuanian bezmnas, of Slavicorigin; akin to Old Russian bezmenu "desemer, small weight", Polish bezmian, przezmian "balance without pans", perhaps of Turkic origin; akin to Turkish batman "small weight". An ancient balance.[102] Devshirmeh from Turkish devşirme, which means "gathering" [103][104] Dey from Turkish dayı, literally "a maternal uncle" [105] Dolma from Turkish dolma, which means "filled" or "stuffed" [106] Dolman ultimately from Turkish dolaman, a robe, from dolamak "to wind" [107][108] Dolmus, also Dolmush from Turkish dolmuş, a share taxi [109] Domra from Kazakh dombra, a musical instrument [110][111] Doner kebab (Canadian: donair) from Turkish döner kebap [112][113] Donmeh from Turkish dönme, which literally means "a convert" [114][115] Donum from Turkish dönüm, an alternative form of dunam [116][117] Doodle from German dudeln "to play (the bagpipe)", from dudel "a Registration of boys for the devshirmeh bagpipe", from Czech or Polish dudy "a bagpipe", from Turkish düdük "a flute".[118] Dunam from Turkish dönüm, from dönmek "go round" [119][120]

E Elchee or elchi from Turkish elçi, which means "an ambassador".[121] Eleme figs from Turkish eleme "selected, sifted". Smyrna figs of superior quality packed flat.[122]

F

G Galiongee from Turkish kalyonçi, kalyoncu, "a Turkish sailor", from kalyon, Italian galeone + çi or cu, the Turkish suffix.[123] Ganch modification of Turkish kancalamak "to put on a hook", from Turkish kanca "large hook", modification of Greek gampsos "curved" + Turkish suffix -lamak.[124] Gilet from French, from Spanish gileco, jaleco, chaleco, from Arabic jalikah, "a garment worn by slaves in Algeria", from Turkish yelek "waistcoat, vest" [125]

H Haremlik from Turkish haremlik, from harem (from Arabic harim & Arabic haram) + the Turkish suffix -lik "a place" [126] Horde from Turkic ordu or orda ("khan's residence") [127][128] (Horde on wiktionary) Hun from Medieval Latin Hunni, apparently ultimately from Turkic Hun-yü, the name of a tribe.[129]

I Imam bayildi from Turkish imambayıldı, "the imam fainted", an eggplant dish prepared with olive oil.[130] Imbat from Turkish imbat, a cooling etesian wind in the Levant (as in Cyprus).[131]

J Janissary from Turkish yeniçeri, which means "a new soldier" [132] (janissary on wiktionary) Jelick from Turkish yelek, the bodice or vest of a Turkish woman's dress.[133] Jettru from Turkic, a union of seven Turkic peoples of Central Asia formed at the end of the 17th or beginning of the 18th century under one khan.[134]

K Kaftan from Turkish kaftan (also in Persian) [135] Kaique from Turkish kayık, an alternative form of caïque.[136] Kangal from Turkish kangal or sivas kangal köpeği [137][138] Karabagh A type of rug, named after the Karabagh region in the .[139] A konak in Safranbolu, Karabük. Karabash from Turkish karabaş, literally "a blackhead" [140][141] Karadagh from Azeri Karadagh, a mountain range in Azerbaijan province, northwestern Iran. a Persian rug having a bold design and rich coloring.[142] Karagane from Russian karagan, which is from Turkic karagan. A species of gray fox found in Russia.[143][144] Karakul from Uzbek karakul, literally a village in [145] Karakurt from Russian, of Turkic origin, karakurt, "a venomous spider".[146] Kasseri from New Greek kaseri, from Turkish kaşer, kaşar [147] Kavass from Turkish kavas [148][149] Kazak from Kazak, a town in Azerbaijan, an Oriental rug in bold colors with geometric designs or stylized plant and animal forms.[150] Kefir from Russian, probably ultimately from Old Turkic köpür, "milk, froth, foam", from köpürmäk, "to froth, foam".[151][152] Kelek from Turkish kelek, a raft or float supported on inflated animal skins.[153] Kendyr from Russian kendyr, from Turkish kendir. A strong bast fiber that resembles Indian hemp and is used in Asia as cordage and as a substitute for cotton and hemp.[154][155] Ketch probably from Middle English cacchen "to capture", or perhaps from Turkish kayık "a boat, skiff".[156][157] Khagan from Turkic kaghan, an alternative form of khan [158] Khan from Turkic khan, akin to Turkish han (title meaning "ruler") [159] Khanum from Turkic khanum, akin to Turkish hanım, "a female derivation of Khan" [160] Khatun from Turkic khatūn, perhaps from Old Turkic or from Sogdian kwat'yn, "a queen" [161][162] Kibitka from Russian, of Turkic origin; akin to Kazan Tatar kibit "booth, stall, tent", Uyghur käbit.[163] Kibosh looks Yiddish, but origin in early 19c. English slang seems to argue against this. One candidate is Irish caip bháis, caipín báis "cap of death". Or it may somehow be connected with Turkish bosh.[164] Kielbasa from Polish kiełbasa, from East and West Slavic *kŭlbasa, from East Turkic kül bassï, "grilled cutlet", from Turkic kül bastï : kül, "coals, ashes" + bastï, "pressed (meat)" (from basmaq, to press) [165] Kilij from Turkish kılıç, a Turkish saber with a crescent-shaped blade.[166] Kiosk from Turkish köşk, an open summerhouse or pavilion [167] Kipchak from Russian, which is from Chagatai. 1. One of the ancient Turkic peoples of the Golden Horde related to the Uyghurs and Kyrgyz. 2. The Turkic language of the Kipchaks.[168] Kis Kilim from Turkish kızkilim, a kind of carpet.[169] Kizilbash from Turkish kızılbaş, literally "a red head" [170][171] Knish from Yiddish, from Ukrainian knysh, probably of Turkic origin.[172] Kok-saghyz from Russian kok-sagyz, from Turkic kök-sagız, from kök "root" + sagız "rubber, gum" [173] Komitadji from Turkish komitacı, a rebel, member of a secret revolutionary society.[174] Konak from Turkish konak, a large house in Turkey.[175] Krym-saghyz from Russian krym-sagyz, of Turkic origin, from Krym "Crimea" ,[176] + sagız "rubber, gum".[177] Kulah from Turkish Kula, a town in western Turkey. A Turkish rug that is often a prayer rug and that uses the Ghiordes knot.[178] Kulak from Russian kulak "a fist", of Turkic origin; akin to Turkish kol "arm".[179][180] Kulan from Kirghiz kulan, "the wild ass of the Kirghiz steppe".[181] Kumiss from Turkic kumyz or kumis [182] (kumiss on wiktionary) Kurbash from Turkish kırbaç [183][184] Kurgan from Russian, of Turkic origin; akin to Turkish kurgan "fortress, castle" [185] Kurus from Turkish kuruş, a Turkish piaster equal to 1/100 lira.[186]

L Lackey from French laquais, from Spanish lacayo, ultimately from Turkish ulak, which means "runner" or "courier".[187] Ladik from Turkish Ladik, a village in Turkey. A rug of fine texture woven in and near Ladik in central Anatolia.[188] Latten from Middle English latoun, laton, from Middle French laton, leton, from Old Provençal, from Arabic latun, of Turkic origin; akin to Turkish altın "gold" [189] Lavash from Armenian, which is from Turkish lavash.[citation needed] Lokshen from Yiddish, plural of loksh "noodle", from Russian dial. loksha, of Turkic origin; akin to Uyghur & Kazan Tatar lakca "noodles", Chuvash läskä.[190]

M Mammoth from Russian mamot, mamont, mamant, perhaps from a Yakut word derived from Yakut mamma "earth"; from the belief that the mammoths burrowed in the earth like moles.[191] Martagon from Middle English, from Old French, from Old Spanish, from Ottoman Turkish martagan, "a kind of ".[192] N Nagaika from Russian, of Turkic origin; akin to Kirghiz nogai [193]

O Oda from Turkish oda, literally "a room, chamber". A room in a harem.[194] Odalisque from French, which is from Turkish odalık, from oda, "a room" [195] Oghuz or Ghuz from Turkic oghuz. A descendant of certain early Turkic invaders of Persia.[196] Osmanli Odalisque with a slave, 1842. from Turkish osmanlı, from Osman, founder of the Ottoman Empire + lı "of or pertaining to" [197] Ottoman from French, adjective & noun, probably from Italian ottomano, from Turkish osmani, from Osman, Othman died 1326, founder of theOttoman Empire [198]

P Paklava modification of Turkish baklava [199] Parandja from Uzbek, a heavy black horsehair worn by women of Central Asia.[200] Pasha from Turkish paşa, earlier basha, from bash "head, chief" which equates to "Sir" [201][202] Pashalic from Turkish paşalık, "title or rank of pasha", from paşa: the jurisdiction of a pasha or the territory governed by him [203][204] Pastrami from Yiddish pastrame, from Romanian pastrama, ultimately from Turkish pastırma [205] Petcheneg from Russian pecheneg, which is from Turkic. Member of a Turkic people invading the South Russian, Danubian, and Moldavian steppes during the early Middle Ages.[206][207] Pirogi from Yiddish, from Russian, plural of pirog (pie), perhaps borrowed from Kazan Tatar, (cf. Turk. börek) [208] Pul from Persian pul, which is from Turkish pul. A unit of value of Afghanistan equal to 1/100 Afghani.[209]

Q Qajar or Kajar from Persian Qajar, of Turkish origin. A people of northern Iran holding political supremacy through the dynasty ruling Persia from 1794 to 1925.[210] Quiver from Anglo-French quiveir, from Old French quivre, probably ultimately from the Hunnic language[211], kubur in Old Turkish R Rumelian from Turkish rumeli, of, relating to, or characteristic of Rumelia [212]

S Sabot from Old French çabot, alteration of savate "old shoe", probably of Turkish or Arabic origin.[213] Saic from French saïque, from Turkish shaika.[214] Saiga from Russian saĭgá(k), from Turkic; cf. Chagatai sayğak [215][216] Saker through Old French from Arabic saqr, probably from Sarma, a kind of dolma, is a classic of Turkish Turkic sonqur, which means "a falcon".[217] cuisine. Samiel from Turkish samyeli, sam, "poisonous" + yel, "wind".[218] Sanjak from Turkish sancak, which means "a banner" [219][220] Sarma from Turkish sarma, which means "wrapping" [221][222] Saxaul from Russian saksaul, which is from Kazakh seksevil. A leafless xerophytic shrub or tree of the family Chenopodiaceae of Asia that has green or greenish branches and is used for stabilization of desert soils.[223][224] Selamlik from Turkish Selamlık.[225] Seljuk from Turkish Selçuk, "eponymous ancestor of the dynasties". Of or relating to any of several Turkic dynasties that ruled over a great part of western Asia in the 11th, 12th, and 13th centuries.[226] Seraskier from Turkish serasker, from Persian ser "head, chief" + Arabic asker "an army".[227] Sevruga through Russian sevryuga ultimately from Tatar söirök.[228] Shabrack from French schabraque, from German schabracke, from Hungarian csáprág, from Turkish çaprak [229] Shagreen from Turkish sağrı, which means "the back of a horse" [230] Shashlik from Russian шашлык, which is from Crimean Tatar şışlık, which means "shish kebab" [231] Shawarma ultimately from Turkish çevirme, which literally means "turning" [232] Shish from Turkish şiş, which literally means "a skewer" [233][234] Shish kebab from Turkish şiş kebabı [235] Shor from Russian, of Altaic origin; akin to Kalmyk & Mongolian sor "salt", Turkish sure "brackish soil". A salt lake in Turkestan, a salina.[236] Som from Kirghiz, "crude iron casting, ruble" [237]

T Taiga from Russian taiga, of Turkic origin; akin to Teleut taiga "rocky, mountainous terrain", Turkish dağ "mountain"; Mongolian origin is also possible.[238][239] Taramasalata from modern Greek taramas "preserved roe", from Turkish tarama "preparation of soft roe or red caviar" + salata "salad".[240] Taranchi from Chagatai Taranci, literally "a farmer".[241] Tarantass from Russian tarantas, which is from Kazan Tatar tarıntas.[242] Tarbagan from Russian, which is from Teleut. A pale or reddish gregarious bobac inhabiting the grassy steppes of Central Asia.[243] Tarbush from Arabic tarbūsh, from Ottoman Turkish terposh, probably from Persian sarposh "headdress" (equivalent to sar "head" Tughra of Suleiman the Magnificent. + pūsh"covering"), by association with Turkish ter "sweat". A tasseled cap of cloth or felt, usually red, that is worn by Muslim men either by itself or as the inner part of the turban.[244] Tarkhan from Old Turkic tarkan, a privileged class.[245] Tarpan from Russian, which is from Kirghiz or Kazakh tarpan.[246][247] Tartar from Persian Tatar, of Turkic origin. A ferocious or violent person.[248] Tau-saghyz from Russian tau-sagyz, from Turkic tau-sagız, from tau "mountain" + sagız "gum, rubber".[249] Tavla from Turkish tavla, a version of the board game backgammon.[250] Tekke from Turkish tekke, a dervish monastery.[251] Tenge from Kazakh teŋge "coin, ruble".[252] Tepe from Turkish tepe, literally "a hill, summit". An artificial mound.[253][254][255] Terek from Terek, river of southeast Russia, which is from Balkar Terk. A sandpiper of the Old World breeding in the far north of eastern Europe and Asia and migrating to southern Africaand Australia and frequenting rivers.[256][257] Theorbo from Italian tiorba, which is from Turkish torba "a bag".[258][259] Toman [which is from Turkic tümen, "a unit of ten thousand".[260 ,تومان from Persian Tovarich from Russian tovarishch, from Old Russian tovarishch, sing. of tovarishchi, "business associates", which is from Old Turkic tavar ishchi, "businessman, merchant" : tavar, "wealth, trade" + ishchi, "one who works" (from ish, "work, business").[261] Tughra from Turkish tuğra, an elaborate monogram formed of the Sultan's name and titles.[262][263] Tungus from Russian, from East Turkic tunguz, "wild pig, boar", from Old Turkic tonguz.[264] Turk from Turkish türk, which has several meanings in English.[265] Turki from Persian turki, from Turk, "Turk", from Turkish Türk.[266] Turquoise from Middle English Turkeys, from Anglo-French turkeise, from feminine of turkeis Turkish, from Turc Turkish.[267] Tuzla from Turkish tuzla, from the name of Lake Tuz in Turkey. A central Anatolian rug.[268] Tzatziki from modern Greek tsatsiki, which is from Turkish cacık.[269]

U Ugrian from Old Russian Ugre, which means "Hungarians", of Turkic origin.[270] Uhlan from Turkish oğlan "a boy, servant".[271] Urdu from Hindustani Urdu "camp", which is from Turkic ordu (source of horde).[272] Urman from Russian, which is from Kazan Tatar urman, "a forest", synonymous with taiga[273]; Turkish word orman. Ushak from Ushak, Turkish Uşak, manufacturing town of western Turkey. A heavy Polish uhlans. woolen oriental rug tied in Ghiordes knots and characterized by bright primary colors and an elaborate medallion pattern.[274]

V Vampire from French vampire or German Vampir, from Hungarian vámpír, from O.C.S. opiri (cf. Serb. vampir, Bulg. văpir, Ukr. uper, Pol. upior), said by Slavic linguist Franc Miklošič to be ultimately from Kazan Tatar ubyr "witch".[275] Max Vasmer's etymological dictionary, though, considers such etymology doubtful and traces its most likely origin to Old Slavic.[276]

W

X

Y Yaourt from Turkish yoğurt, a fermented drink, or milk beer, made by the Turks.[277] Yardang from Turkic yardang, ablative of yar "steep bank, precipice".[278][279] Yarmulka of Turkic origin; akin to Turkish yağmurluk which means "rainwear".[280] Yashmak or yashmac [281] from Turkish yaşmak. Cacık, a Turkish cold soup yoghurt Yataghan variety. from Turkish yatağan.[282] Yoghurt from Turkish yoğurt.[283] (yoghurt on wiktionary) Yurt from Turkic yurt, which means "a dwelling place".[284] Yuruk from Turkish yürük, "a nomad". 1. One of a nomadic shepherd people of the mountains of southeastern Anatolia. 2. A Turkish rug from the Konya and Karaman regions, southeasternAnatolia.[285] Z Zill from Turkish zil "bell, cymbals", of onomatopoeic origin.[286][287]

See also

. Encyclopædia Britannica Concise - Turkic languages . Ask Oxford - Borrowings into English . Association of British Scrabble Players - Turkish words References

1. ^ Prince, John Dyneley (1931). Surviving Turkish Elements in Serbo-Croatian. Retrieved 2008-10-21. 2. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Afshar 3. ^ TDK Online - Afşar 4. ^ Parvis Tanavoli On Afshar Rugs 5. ^ Harper, Douglas. "aga". Online Etymology Dictionary.

6. ^ Encyclopaedia Britannica Online - Aga 7. ^ Dictionary.com - Aga Khan 8. ^ Answers.com - Ayran 9. ^ Fao.org - Airan in Main Categories of Products 10. ^ Merriam-Webster Online - Airan 11. ^ Reference.com - Akbash Dog 12. ^ Encyclopaedia Britannica Online - Akche 13. ^ Economic Development in the Middle East - Akche 14. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Akhissar 15. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Altai 16. ^ Encyclopaedia Britannica Online - Altai Mountains 17. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Altilik

18. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Araba 19. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Arnaut 20. ^ Merriam-Webster Online - Astrakhan 21. ^ Vasmer's Etymological Dictionary - Astrakhan 22. ^ Merriam-Webster Online - Atabeg 23. ^ Encyclopaedia Britannica Online - use of Atabeg in an article 24. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Ataghan 25. ^ The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language - Ataman

26. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Aul 27. ^ Dictionary.com - Bahadur 28. ^ Merriam-Webster Online - Bairam 29. ^ Allwords.com - Bairam 30. ^ Merriam-Webster Online - Baklava 31. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Balaclava 32. ^ Vasmer's Etymological Dictionary - Balaklava 33. ^ The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language - Balalaika 34. ^ "Encarta Online - Balalaika". Archived from the original on 2009-10-31.

35. ^ "Encarta Online - Balkan". Archived from the original on 2009-10-31. 36. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Bamia 37. ^ The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language - Ban 38. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Barbotte 39. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Barkhan 40. ^ Merriam-Webster Online - Bashaw 41. ^ Encyclopaedia Britannica Online - Bashi-bazouk 42. ^ Merriam-Webster Online - Bashlyk 43. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Batman

44. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Beetewk 45. ^ Vasmer's Etymological Dictionary - Bityug 46. ^ Reference.com - Beg 47. ^ Merriam-Webster Online - Beylerbey 48. ^ The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language - Begum 49. ^ Dictionary.com - Behcet 50. ^ Encyclopaedia Britannica Online - Bektashi 51. ^ Merriam-Webster Online - Bergamot 52. ^ Merriam-Webster Online - Bey 53. ^ Merriam-Webster Online - Beylerbey 54. ^ Encyclopaedia Britannica Online - Ottoman art 55. ^ Answers.com - Beylik

56. ^ Merriam-Webster Online - Beylic 57. ^ Dictionary.com - Binbashi 58. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Bogatyr 59. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Borunduk 60. ^ Vasmer's Etymological Dictionary - Burunduk 61. ^ Этимологический Словарь - Piotr Czerwinski → Burunduk 62. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Bosa 63. ^ "bosa." Oxford English Dictionary. 2nd edition. 1989.

64. ^ Merriam-Webster Online - Bosh 65. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Bostanji 66. ^ Dictionary.com - Bouzouki 67. ^ The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language - Boyar 68. ^ Harper, Douglas. "bridge". Online Etymology Dictionary. 69. ^ The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language - Bugger

70. ^ a b The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language - Bulgar 71. ^ Taylor, Isaac (2008). Names and Their Histories:. BiblioBazaar, LLC. p. 78. ISBN 9780559296673.

Retrieved 2009-07-28. 72. ^ Dybo, Anna. "bulga-". Turkic etymology. StarLing. Retrieved 2009-07-28. 73. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Bulgar 74. ^ Merriam-Webster Online - Bulgur 75. ^ The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language - Buran 76. ^ Vasmer's Etymological Dictionary - Buran 77. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Burka 78. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Cafeneh 79. ^ Dictionary.com - Cafeneh 80. ^ Merriam-Webster Online - Caique

81. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Caiquejee 82. ^ Merriam-Webster Online - Calpac 83. ^ Merriam-Webster Online - Caracal 84. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Caraco 85. ^ Merriam-Webster Online - Caracul 86. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Caragana 87. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Caramoussal 88. ^ Merriam-Webster Online - Casaba 89. ^ Harper, Douglas. "cassock". Online Etymology Dictionary. 90. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Cathay 91. ^ Harper, Douglas. "cathay". Online Etymology Dictionary. 92. ^ The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language - Cham

93. ^ Dictionary.com - Chekmak 94. ^ Merriam-Webster Online - Chiaus 95. ^ Merriam-Webster Online - Chibouk 96. ^ Merriam-Webster Online - Chibouk 97. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Choga 98. ^ Merriam-Webster Online - Chouse 99. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Corsac 100. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Cosaque

101. ^ Harper, Douglas. "cossack". Online Etymology Dictionary. 102. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Desemer 103. ^ Lexicorient.com - Devsirme 104. ^ Encyclopaedia Britannica Online - Topic: Devsirme 105. ^ Merriam-Webster Online - Dey 106. ^ Merriam-Webster Online - Dolma 107. ^ Merriam-Webster Online - Dolman 108. ^ The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language - Dolman 109. ^ "dolmus." Oxford English Dictionary. 2nd edition. 1989.

110. ^ Merriam-Webster Online - Domra 111. ^ Encyclopaedia Britannica Online - Domra 112. ^ The Oxford Essential Dictionary of Foreign Terms in English - Doner kebab 113. ^ Wiktionary.org - Doner kebab 114. ^ Merriam-Webster Online - Donmeh 115. ^ Encyclopaedia Britannica Online - Donme 116. ^ Merriam-Webster Online - Donum 117. ^ Proz.com - Donum 118. ^ Antlion Pit - Doodle

119. ^ Merriam-Webster Online - Dunam 120. ^ Wiktionary.org - Dunam 121. ^ ABSP - Turkish words - Elchee 122. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Eleme figs 123. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Galiongee 124. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Ganch 125. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Gilet 126. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Haremlik 127. ^ Merriam-Webster Online - Horde 128. ^ Harper, Douglas. "horde". Online Etymology Dictionary. 129. ^ Harper, Douglas. "Hun". Online Etymology Dictionary. 130. ^ The Oxford Essential Dictionary of Foreign Terms in English - Imam bayildi

131. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Imbat 132. ^ Merriam-Webster Online - Janissary 133. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Jelick 134. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Jettru 135. ^ Harper, Douglas. "caftan". Online Etymology Dictionary. 136. ^ Dictionary.com - Kaique 137. ^ PetPlanet.com - Kangal 138. ^ Reference.com - Kangal

139. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Karabagh 140. ^ PetPlanet.com - Karabash 141. ^ Reference.com - Karabash 142. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Karadagh 143. ^ Dictionary.com - Karagane 144. ^ Vasmer's Etymological Dictionary - Karagan 145. ^ Merriam-Webster Online - Karakul 146. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Karakurt 147. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Kasseri

148. ^ Merriam-Webster Online - Kavass 149. ^ Dictionary.com - Kavass 150. ^ Merriam-Webster Online - Kazak 151. ^ The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language - Kefir 152. ^ "Encarta Online - Kefir". Archived from the originalon 2009-10-31. 153. ^ Dictionary.com - Kelek 154. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Kendyr 155. ^ Vasmer's Etymological Dictionary - Kendyr 156. ^ Harper, Douglas. "ketch". Online Etymology Dictionary.

157. ^ The Concise Dictionary of English Etymology - Ketch 158. ^ Merriam-Webster Online - Khagan 159. ^ Merriam-Webster Online - Khan 160. ^ Merriam-Webster Online - Khanum 161. ^ Merriam-Webster Online - Khatun 162. ^ Highbeam.com - Khatun 163. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Kibitka 164. ^ Harper, Douglas. "kibosh". Online Etymology Dictionary. 165. ^ The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language - Kielbasa 166. ^ Dictionary.com - Kilij 167. ^ Merriam-Webster Online — Kiosk 168. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Kipchak

169. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Kis Kilim 170. ^ Merriam-Webster Online - Kizilbash 171. ^ Encyclopaedia Britannica Online - Kizilbash 172. ^ The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language - Knish 173. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Kok-saghyz 174. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Komitadji 175. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Konak 176. ^ Vasmer's Etymological Dictionary - Krym

177. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Krym-saghyz 178. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Kulah 179. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Kulak 180. ^ Vasmer's Etymological Dictionary - Kulak 181. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Kulan 182. ^ Merriam-Webster Online - Kumiss 183. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Kurbash 184. ^ Dictionary.com - Kurbash 185. ^ Merriam-Webster Online - Kurgan

186. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Kurus 187. ^ Harper, Douglas. "lackey". Online Etymology Dictionary. 188. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Ladik 189. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Latten 190. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Lokshen 191. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Mammoth 192. ^ The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language - Martagon 193. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Nagaika 194. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Oda

195. ^ Merriam-Webster Online - Odalisque 196. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Ghuz 197. ^ Merriam-Webster Online - Osmanli 198. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Ottoman 199. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Paklava 200. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Parandja 201. ^ Harper, Douglas. "pasha". Online Etymology Dictionary. 202. ^ Merriam-Webster Online - Pasha 203. ^ Merriam-Webster Online - Pashalic 204. ^ Encyclopaedia Britannica Online - use of Pashalic in an article 205. ^ DEX Online - Pastrama 206. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Petcheneg

207. ^ Vasmer's Etymological Dictionary - Pechenegi 208. ^ Harper, Douglas. "pirogi". Online Etymology Dictionary. 209. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Pul 210. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Kajar 211. ^ Harper, Douglas. "quiver". Online Etymology Dictionary. 212. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Rumelian 213. ^ The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language - Sabot 214. ^ Dictionary.com - Saic

215. ^ Dictionary.com - Saiga 216. ^ The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language - Saiga 217. ^ The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language - Saker 218. ^ The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language - Samiel 219. ^ Merriam-Webster Online - Sanjak 220. ^ Encyclopaedia Britannica Online - Sanjak in Ottoman Bosnia 221. ^ Answers.com - Sarma 222. ^ Encyclopaedia Britannica Online - Sarma in Balkan cuisine 223. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Saxaul

224. ^ Vasmer's Etymological Dictionary - Saksaul 225. ^ Dictionary.com - Selamlik 226. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Seljuk 227. ^ Dictionary.com - Seraskier 228. ^ The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language - Sevruga 229. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Shabrack 230. ^ Merriam-Webster Online - Shagreen 231. ^ Merriam-Webster Online - Shashlik 232. ^ Arikah.net - Shawarma

233. ^ Merriam-Webster Online - Shish 234. ^ Harper, Douglas. "shish kebab". Online Etymology Dictionary. 235. ^ Merriam-Webster Online - Shish Kebab 236. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Shor 237. ^ Merriam-Webster Online - Som 238. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Taiga 239. ^ The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language - Taiga 240. ^ "Encarta Online - Taramasalata". Archived from the original on 2009-10-31. 241. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Taranchi 242. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Tarantass 243. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Tarbagan 244. ^ Dictionary.com - Tarbush

245. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Tarkhan 246. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Tarpan 247. ^ Vasmer's Etymological Dictionary - Tarpan 248. ^ The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language - Tatar/Tartar 249. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Tau-saghyz 250. ^ Wiktionary.org - Tavla 251. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Tekke 252. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Tenge

253. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Tepe 254. ^ Dictionary.com - Tepe 255. ^ Starling.ru Turkic Etymology - Tepö 256. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Terek 257. ^ Vasmer's Etymological Dictionary - Terek 258. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Theorbo 259. ^ "Encarta Online - Theorbo". Archived from the original on 2009-10-31. 260. ^ The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language - Toman 261. ^ The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language - Tovarich

262. ^ Encyclopaedia Britannica Online - Ottoman Coins 263. ^ Al-Damurdashi's Chronicle of Egypt - Tughra 264. ^ The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language - Tungus 265. ^ Merriam-Webster Online - Turk 266. ^ The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language - Turki 267. ^ Merriam-Webster Online - Turquoise 268. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Tuzla 269. ^ "Encarta Online - Tzatziki". Archived from the original on 2009-10-31. 270. ^ The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language - Ugrian

271. ^ Merriam-Webster Online - Uhlan 272. ^ Harper, Douglas. "urdu". Online Etymology Dictionary. 273. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Urman 274. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Ushak 275. ^ Harper, Douglas. "vampire". Online Etymology Dictionary. 276. ^ Etymological dictionary of the Russian language 277. ^ Dictionary.com - Yaourt 278. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Yardang 279. ^ Dictionary.com - Yardang 280. ^ Merriam-Webster Online - Yarmulke 281. ^ Merriam-Webster Online - Yashmak 282. ^ Merriam-Webster Online - Yataghan

283. ^ Merriam-Webster Online - Yoghurt 284. ^ Merriam-Webster Online - Yurt 285. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Yuruk 286. ^ Merriam-Webster Unabridged - Zill 287. ^ Dictionary.com - Zill

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