See page 7 August-September 2014 Volume 9 No. 4 `100.00 (India-Based Buyer Only) Indispensable Reference Yearbook Milita SP’s SP’s 2014- Military r y Yearbook 2015 since 1965 42nd issue 2015 2014 - www.spsmilitaryyearbook.com

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42nd issue The only Naval magazine for Navies across Asia-Pacific

Page 4 editor-in-chief Price: Inland Rs 8,275.00; jayant baranwal  cover story Foreign (Surface Mail): Stg. £ 436.00; US$ 776.00

NavalSP military yearbook 110x181_11.indd 1 Combat Management27/06/12 10.39 SP's MYB Cover 2014-2015_Final.indd 1 heritage_220-275_2013-10-11.indd 1 11/10/13 10:36 Systems 18/04/14 11:12 AM Naval Combat Management System is a software-intensive system which has to be flexible enough to operate in a complex naval battle environment Lt General Naresh Chand (Retd) China’s Maritime Page 6 Breaking New Grounds in Indigenous Warship Building Strategy for South Asia

The idea of Maritime Silk Road was to increase maritime cooperation between China and the ASEAN countries and would involve diplomacy and economic development

graphic: Sonu S. Bisht “INS Kolkata is a floating technology marvel. It will provide security to those who use the sea route to carry out trade activities.” CHINA —Prime Minister Narendra Modi IRAN

Rear Admiral Sushil Ramsay (Retd) PAKISTAN Page 8 Helicopter Voids Hit Navy’s Operations BANGLADESH Modern multi-role helicopters operate nearly autonomously in reconnaissance, ASW, anti- OMAN INDIA MYANMAR shipping, transport, SAR and logistic roles Lt General Naresh Chand (Retd) Page 10 YEMEN THAILAND Maritime Domain Awareness and Security Imperatives In 1982, the Common Heritage of Mankind concept was stated to relate to “the seabed and ocean floor and subsoil thereof, beyond Somalia the limits of national jurisdiction” under SRI LANKA Article 136 of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea Treaty MALAYSIA Rear Admiral Sushil Ramsay (Retd) MALDIVES Page 11 KENYA SINGAPORE Formidable Weapons of the China’s String of Pearls INDONESIA Submarines Submarines also lay mines clandestinely and Maritime Silk Road Map not to scale in enemy harbours ‘as wait and strike’ weapons Rear Admiral Dr S. Kulshrestha (Retd) n Lt General Naresh Chand (retd) their commercial and energy interests time cooperation between China and the Plus but this statement is questioned by many ASEAN countries and would involve diplo- n the recent past China’s mari- as the network also includes building macy and economic development. Reenergising Malabar 12 time strategy was based on a network of naval infrastructure. No doubt that Ranjeet Kumar of ports in relation to its sea lines of Chinese SLOC runs through many choke The String of Pearls communication (SLOC) which was points like the Straits of Mandeb, Malacca, The String of Pearls concept is a direct SP’s Exclusives referred to as, ‘The String of Pearls’. Hormuz and the Lombok Strait, some of result of China’s stupendous economic IThis name originated from a US Govern- being infested with terrorists and pirates. growth and requirement of energy to sus- Breaking News Major Projects Cleared 14 ment report on energy and is now com- India gets touchy as the network includes tain this growth. To sustain the momen- monly used in India to refer to China’s Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Maldives tum of its economic growth, China is grand maritime design to encircle India. and Somalia which literally encircles and increasing its geopolitical influence to all News in Brief 14 However, this is vehemently denied by brings closer China’s maritime might. regions of its interest to access ports and China in every relevant forum including There is also a buzz going around the airfields, modernise its military power to in the recent seminar conducted by the concept of “Maritime Silk Road” which match its global interests and inculcate National Maritime Foundation on “Evolv- first emerged during an address to the stronger diplomatic relations with its trad- ing Dynamics of the Indian Ocean”. China Indonesian Parliament by President Xi ing partners and allies. China has history has clarified that this network from Port Jinping’s in October 2013. The idea of of expanding its maritime influence. In the Applied for Sudan to Mainland China is only to guard Maritime Silk Road was to increase mari- recent past starting with the South China

4/2014 1  cover story

This issue of SP’s Naval Forces the country’s new aircraft car- eration between China and requirement of the Indian Coast coincides with NDA Govern- rier, INS Vikramaditya to the the ASEAN countries to bring Guard is added then the figures ment completing 100 days in nation on June 14 and spend- peace and prosperity by build- become quite large thus a global power with some positive devel- ing a day onboard to witness ing ports and improve maritime review on the subject. This issue opments like increase of FDI in the Navy’s preparedness for connectivity in the region. China ends with the usual News in defence to 49 per cent; indica- operations. There have been has announced in May 2014 Brief and appointments. tions of diminishing the ‘Black other events like commission- a fund of about $1.6 billion for Wish you all discerning List’ culture; taking stock of the ing of the indigenously designed the purpose. With the ‘String of readers ‘happy reading’. strategic, operational and mod- and constructed Kolkata class Pearls’ concept already in force, ernisation needs of the armed guided missile destroyers (INS it was necessary to review Chi- forces and so on. However, it is Kolkata) by Prime Minister Modi na’s maritime strategy and its too early to really come to a con- on August 16 and commission- shadow on India, with the back- clusion as it will take some effort ing of the first indigenously- drop of ‘Maritime Silk Road’. to remove the decade-long leg- built stealth anti-submarine Navy requires utility and

EDITORIAL acy of ‘dithering decision mak- warfare corvette, INS Kamorta multi-role helicopters and the ing’ of the UPA Government. on August 23 by the Defence large voids exist which effect its We at SP Guide Publica- Minister Arun Jaitley. Details of operational efficiency thus an tions wish the Government suc- these are given in this issue. article on the subject is included cess in all its future endeavours. The announcement of the in this issue. For the Indian Navy, NDA’s ‘Maritime Silk Road’ by Chi- The Navy has over 40 ships tenure started with showcasing na’s President Xi Jinping dur- under construction and all of their might with the Prime Min- ing October 2013, which called them need Naval Combat Man- Jayant BaranwaL ister Narendra Modi dedicating for increased maritime coop- agement Systems. To this if the Publisher & Editor-in-Chief

photograph: Wikipedia Sea in the 1970s, it has progressed to East on their way to Pakistan or for anti-piracy China Sea, Near Sea around Japan and West- Gwadar Port in Pakistan operations in the Gulf of Aden. ern Pacific region, North Pacific Ocean and Colombo Port. China is developing the Indian Ocean. It is also increasing its a shipping hub just 320 km from India’s maritime power by acquiring superior oper- southern-most tip by expanding and mod- ational capability, acquiring tools for stra- ernising Colombo Port which is old and tegic deterrence, developing counter-attack congested. Towards this end China is build- capability, planning for Anti-Access/ Anti- ing a new container terminal called the Denial capability, etc. The Chinese Govern- Colombo South Container Terminal (CSCT) ment insists that its maritime expansion is which is being built by the Colombo Inter- purely for peaceful purposes and protec- national Container Terminals Ltd. (CICT). tion of its trade. However, countries like CICT is a joint venture company between India, Japan and Vietnam who have ter- China Merchants Holdings (International) ritorial disputes with China, see red when Co. Ltd., (CMHI with 85 per cent ownership) foreign ports near them are being devel- and the Sri Lanka Ports Authority (SLPA oped by China and are not convinced that with 15 per cent ownership). CSCT has a they are purely for commercial operations. planned capacity of 2.4 million twenty-foot Examples are ports around India like Gwa- equivalent unit (TEU) and operates under dar in Pakistan, Colombo and Hambantota a 35-year build, operate, and transfer in Sri Lanka, Chittagong in Bangladesh and agreement. The construction commenced ports/naval facilities in Mynamar which are in December 2011, with the first phase obviously meant to contain India. became operational for traffic on August 8, 2013. The CSCT is likely to be operational Pakistan in 2014. The Port of Colombo has a current Gwadar Port. Gwadar is strategically capacity of over 4.5 million TEUs, which located between three important regions of will increase by another 7.2 million TEUs the world to include oil-rich Western Asia in three separate phases. This will make (located on the Gulf of Oman and close Colombo Port one of the world’s 20 larg- to the mouth of the Persian Gulf), heavily est container ports in the world. Colombo populated South Asia and the economi- is a “trans-shipment” hub for India as 13 cally emerging and resource-rich Central per cent of India’s container traffic travels Asia. The deep-sea Gwadar Port is seen as by China. China has invested $198 million the visit of Sri Lanka’s Minister of External via Colombo. Larger ships unload contain- a regional hub, serving commercial traf- and Pakistan $50 million to finance the Affairs to China, to meet his counterpart, ers at Colombo and feeder boats trans-ship fic to and from Central Asian states and first phase. China also has invested another China’s Foreign Ministry made a statement them to India’s smaller and often obsolete Afghanistan, the Middle East, the Persian $200 million into building a coastal high- that the leaders agreed to “fully expand ports. When new terminal operates at full Gulf, Xinjiang, Iran and South East Asia. way that will connect the Gwadar Port with maritime cooperation and jointly build capacity then its capacity to India may A road from Gwadar to Saindak gives the Karachi. The estimated cost of the second the Maritime Silk Road of the 21st cen- grow to 28 per cent. This raises security landlocked Central Asia easy access to the phase is $526 million which include the tury.” China is expanding and modernising issues for India as China runs this port sea for shipping their oil and gas reserves construction of nine additional berths and Colombo Port and developing another port and can thus hinder smooth movement of to the global markets. Central Asian repub- terminals. To improve land connectivity on Sri Lanka’s south coast at Hambantota. essential goods during crisis. lics are blessed with mineral wealth and between Western China and Central Asia, Chinese warships break their voyage while Port of Hambantota. Port of Colombo trained manpower. China also benefits as Pakistan is building land links to Afghani- is geared for container handling thus is the port reduces the overland distance by stan from Chaman in Balochistan to Kanda- unable to provide facilities for port-related about 50 per cent from its landlocked west- har in Afghanistan. In the north-west also Examples are ports around industries and services. To access these ern provinces to the sea thus can be used similar land links are being built between services, ships had to take a long detour as its port of entry to supply energy for Torkham in Khyber Pakhtunkhawa and India like Gwadar in Pakistan, of three or more days. A new port was these regions. Gwadar Port is another proj- Jalalabad in Afghanistan. The port will also thus required to provide these services ect which reinforces Pakistan and China’s have an air defence unit, a garrison and an Colombo and Hambantota and also ease out the pressure on Colombo friendship which is considered higher than international airport. Gwadar Port started Port. A site near the city of Humbantota Himalayas, deeper than Indian Ocean and cargo handling from March 15, 2008. Paki- in Sri Lanka, Chittagong was selected as it had a natural harbour sweeter than honey. stan has also handed over the operations of in Bangladesh and ports/ and was located on the southern tip of China Connection. Pakistan and China Gwadar Port to China on February 18, 2013. Sri Lanka close to international shipping had signed an agreement on March 16, It brings China virtually to India’s doorstep. naval facilities in Mynamar routes. The Port of Hambantota project 2002, at Beijing for the construction of was finally launched after Mahinda Raj- Gwadar deep seaport of international stan- Sri Lanka which are obviously meant to apaksa, who is a native of Hambantota, dards. The work was undertaken by Chi- Sri Lanka has started coming closer to was elected President of Sri Lanka in nese Harbour Engineering Company. The China since the end of its civil war in 2009 contain India. 2005. Construction of this port started on total cost of the project was estimated at and taking its help to develop its infrastruc- January 15, 2008, by the Chinese compa-

www.spsnavalforces.com $1.16 billion, major cost of which is shared ture like roads, airports and ports. After nies—China Harbour Engineering Com-

2 4/2014 cover story

It has been reported that Maritime Cooperation Fund to develop which has been loosely termed as the ‘IO- largest importer. It has many of the world’s common maritime interests including 5’. This arrangement heralds India’s role as largest container ports and controls 20 per China has taken lease of the economy. Chinese Premier Li Keqiang had the leading security role among the Indian cent of the world’s container fleet. China pledged to upgrade the Golden Decade of Ocean islands. India has been holding joint has become one of the largest ship build- Great Coco Island (located 2000-10 of China-ASEAN cooperation into naval exercises with Sri Lanka and Maldives ers in the world with 41 per cent of ships a Diamond Decade. In May 2014 China has Coast Guard had joined in 2012. It was also by weight built in 2012. China’s Maritime 18 km from Andaman dedicated $1.6 billion for this purpose. understood that this arrangement may be interests are being translated through India’s responds with ‘IO-5’. During extended to the Bay of Bengal region in ‘String of Pearls’ and ‘Maritime Silk Road’. and Nicobar Islands) from 2013 former Prime Minister Manmohan the future. IO-5 will share information and It seems now that finally the ‘Maritime Silk Mynamar and built a jetty Singh announced that henceforth India develop capabilities to counter maritime Road’ will also be linked with the existing should be seen as a ‘net security provider to terrorism, piracy and illegal fishing. How- ‘String of Pearls’. Both ‘String of Pearls’ and other naval facilities to the region.’ While the boundaries of India’s ever IO-5 is no match for China’s ‘String and ‘Maritime Silk Road’ will provide China ‘region’ were not specified but it appeared of Pearls’ or ‘Maritime Silk Road’ in terms with naval bases in the Indian Ocean and support a ‘listening station’ that the initial focus was on the Islands of of scale of vision and financial investment Pacific Ocean to safeguard its strategic the Indian Ocean. The original group was thereby relegating India to a much smaller interests, simultaneously providing it com- to monitor Indian Navy’s ship Sri Lanka and Maldives alongwith India. regional role. mercial and energy security. China’s prior- On March 7, 2014, the former National ity is to construct and run ports establish movements and test-firing of Security Advisor Shivshankar Menon, China’s Grand Design free trade zones in Indian Ocean countries announced that the Indian Ocean island China’s priority is for development and to reinforce China’s deepening economic strategic missiles. states of Seychelles and Mauritius had also expansion of maritime infrastructure as presence in the Indian Ocean region and in joined India’s Indian Ocean security group it is world’s largest exporter and second- India’s neighbourhood. SP pany and Sinohydro Corporation. The total cost of the first phase of the project is estimated at $360 million, 85 per cent of which is being provided by the Chinese Government and the remaining 15 per cent by the SLPA on similar lines of CSCT. The first phase of the project was completed by November 2010. The second phase will include a container terminal and the third phase will include a dockyard. On comple- tion, the port will be able to accommodate 33 vessels at any given time, making it the largest port in South Asia. Port of Humban- tota can also provide a naval base in the close proximity of India.

Myanamar Kyaukpyu. Xi Jinping, former Vice Presi- dent of China had signed an agreement during 2009 on cooperation between Myan- mar’s Ministry of National Planning and Economic Development and Citic Group of China for the Kyaukpyu Economic and Technological Development Zone, deep- sea port and railway projects. Kyaukpyu has the advantage of its strategic location that can connect China, India and Asean. All the existing ports in Myanmar includ- ing Yangon Port are river ports and not deep enough for large conventional and container vessels. Construction is likely to be completed very soon of the oil and gas terminal which will be linked to an oil and gas pipeline to Yunnan. The Ministry of Energy had signed in 2009 the original memorandum of understanding for the development, operation and management of the Myanmar Crude Oil Pipeline with China National Petroleum Corporation. The oil and gas terminal will be able to accommodate oil tankers of up to 3,00,000 deadweight tonnes , and related infrastruc- ture will make Kyaukpyu the region’s next petrochemical hub after Singapore. It has been reported that China has taken lease of the Great Coco Island (located 18 km from Andaman and Nicobar Islands) from Mynamar and built a jetty and other naval facilities to support a ‘listening station’ to monitor Indian Navy’s ship movements Unique.Unique. AheadAhead ofof thethe Art.Art. and test-firing of strategic missiles. Unique. Ahead of the Art. Maritime Silk Road. This proposal announced by President Xi Jinping’s which called for increased maritime cooperation between China and the ASEAN countries to bring peace and prosperity to the coun- tries of East Asian Region. Yang Baoyun, a professor of Southeast Asian Studies at Peking University, said that “the new Mari- time Silk Road will bring tangible benefits to neighbours along the route, and will be a new driving force for the prosperity of the entire East Asian region.” It calls for the construction of ports and maritime infra- structure with China and its ASEAN part- ners. China has plans to invest $2 billion for the upgrading of the Malaysian port of Kuantan. China has offered a 3 billion Yuan (about $0.48 billion) China-ASEAN ShinMaywa Advert_for MYB & MAI.indd 1 20/11/12 2:18 PM ShinMaywaShinMaywa Advert_for Advert_for49-52.indd MYB 54MYB & & MAI.indd MAI.indd 1 1 25/01/14 1:47 20/11/12PM20/11/12 2:18 2:18 PM PM ShinMaywa Advert for NF.indd 1 24/01/13 3:48 PM 4/2014 3  technology Naval Combat Management Systems

Naval Combat Management System is a software-intensive system which has to be flexible enough to operate in a complex naval battle environment

photograph: Thales n Lt General Naresh Chand (retd)

Naval Combat Manage- ment System (NCMS) has to perform the following key functions: Situational Awareness. ToA be aware of the battle environment at sea which includes surface, subsurface and air. This is collected through sensors like radars, electro–optical systems and sonar. Intelligence. Convert the above infor- mation into actionable intelligence by inter- pretation, collation, evaluation thereby producing a common operational picture. Planning and decision-making. This step helps the commanders to rapidly make an actionable plan for decision- making and implementation, in a rapidly changing complex battle environment. Weapon systems command and con- trol. An effective NCMS will also direct weapon sensors and weapons to engage and destroy incoming threat. The above functions are carried by the NCMS through the crew, sensors and weapon systems. The whole system could be part of the network-centric warfare (NCW) where each system becomes a separate node with similar nodes on other vessels. NCW concept is more autonomous than hierar- chical. NCMS is a software-intensive system Tacticos from Thales which has to be flexible enough to operate in a complex naval battle environment, elec- tronically interact with other sub-systems bat Information Center (CIC) or OpsRoom. data, messages, and geo-referenced map are more than 200 systems installed and be interoperable with systems of vessels Thales also assists their customers by overlays) between vessels, helicopters, and worldwide. of own navy as well navies of friendly coun- designing optimal layouts and arrange- shore installations. Commander C3 also tries. It should be able to cope with mass ments of these rooms. In addition Thales provides gateway interfaces to achieve Lockheed Martin information with minimum crews. NCMS is offers dedicated mission packages such interoperability with major naval data link The ship’s battle management system, simple in concept but complex in designing as Anti Air Warfare clusters, Fire Control standards. The system is ideal for both called COMBATSS-21, is produced by as it has to be tailor-made to suit the opera- clusters and Tactical datalink solutions. civilian and military users who require an Lockheed Martin and derived from the US tional doctrines and hardware held by a spe- Tacticos technology is used on board more effective, affordable solution to address Navy’s latest Aegis surface combatants. cific navy. It should have open architecture than 160 ships (from small patrol craft to the technical and interoperability chal- The COMBATSS-21 Combat Management to provide flexibility. Some examples of such full-size frigates and destroyers) operated lengse associated with cooperation and System is the backbone of the Freedom- systems are given in succeeding paragraphs. by 20 navies. Which include the US Navy coordination of various maritime agencies. variant self-defence suite and integrates the as well as navies in Asia, Europe, the Gulf radar, electro-optical infrared cameras, gun Thales region, Latin America, the Middle East and SAAB fire control system, countermeasures and Tacticos. Thales’ answer to the naval com- North Africa. A Saab 9LV CMS system comes with all short-range anti-air missiles. COMBATSS-21 bat management system is the CMS family Compact Sensor & Control System the operational capability and functional- provides a flexible, reliable next-generation called Tacticos. It is a single CMS for com- (CSCS). The Compact Sensor & Control ity required by the ship’s Command which defence system for the LCS. Its mission bat and maritime security operations. With System caters for the small ship market is well suited for all types of platforms capabilities include intelligence, surveil- its certified openness and scalability of the providing command and control and even ranging from small patrol vessels up to lance and reconnaissance; mine warfare; underlying architecture, Thales delivers AIS if required. It can be integrated with large frigates. Saab can integrate any sub- surface warfare; special operations; anti- a modular Combat Management System, fire control systems in order to achieve full system selected by the customer. Due to submarine warfare; maritime interdiction/ matched to multiple mission profiles and combat system capabilities. It is based on effective situational awareness and rapid interception operations; homeland defence to a variety of vessel types. Open standards open-standards and architecture and uses precision tactical response in all warfare and anti-terrorism/force protection. technology and a massive amount of sub- COTS technology. domains, 9LV provides the ship and the The system provides a scalable, ser- systems interface implementations, make Commander C3. This is Marine Com- command team with efficient operational vices-based framework. Custom software Tacticos the core of the mission solution. mand, Control, and Communications Sys- capabilities in support of all mission “adapters” called boundary components are The latest version enables the navies to: tem for non-Combatant applications. It types, both in the open ocean as well as the key to the flexibility of the architecture zz Set up networks in coalitions with provides seamless near realtime sharing in littoral regions. It can also meet asym- to support a wide range of sensors, commu- secure Internet access with ease. of the Common Operating Picture (contact metric threats, as well as modern and nication, and weapon interfaces. Boundary zz Rapidly recognise traffic trends and estimated future threat types. It provides components simplify integration of system anomalous behaviour. A Saab 9LV CMS system a range of options for integration of the elements and provide flexibility to accom- zz Identifies relations between contacts of user interfaces of equipment/sub-sys- modate future change. The componentised interest emitting Automatic Identifica- comes with all the operational tems, for example, through hosted vendor and layered architecture enables upgrades tion System (AIS) and Automatic Depen- clients, web services, thin clients or fully- and changes to any part of the system with dant Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B). capability and functionality integrated human machine interfaces. It minimal impact to the remaining software. zz Compact and light-weight consoles also provides touch-input display with Customer defined sensors, communication which can be fitted in large and small required by the ship’s soft keys. It can easily be integrated with and weapons are easily integrated and iso- naval vessels. other sub-systems like weapon systems. A lated from core components of the com- zz 3D net-centric training integrated in command. Saab 9LV CMS system comes with all the mand and control system. New components Tacticos. operational capability and functionality

www.spsnavalforces.com The system operates through the Com- required by the ship’s command. There Continued on page 9

4 4/2014 DETECT. DECIDE. ENGAGE.

THE INDIAN NAVAL FORCES are facing a complex, demanding and growing challenge. With 7,500 km of coastline and strategic interests, continuous surveillance is difficult – but necessary. The Saab 9LV delivers outstanding performance, presenting a clear and comprehensive overview, yet with all the details at your fingertips. It does this by integrating the ship’s sensor system, weapons systems and data links. Custom built in partnership with Indian firms, it features an open architecture that makes 9LV a suitable platform for the county’s naval forces. It seamlessly integrates systems and weapons from different sources to better prepare for the unexpected. That’s why we strive to anticipate tomorrow.

www.saabgroup.com/india  modernisation Breaking New Grounds in Indigenous Warship Building

“INS Kolkata is an example of our military might, showcasing our capabilities to the world. In today’s world fighting and winning wars is less difficult. To ensure that there is no war, one has to have a modernised and powerful military coupled with state-of-the-art weaponry so that no one can dare cast their evil eye on us,” —Prime Minister Narendra Modi

Photographs: Indian Navy n Rear Admiral Sushil Ramsay (Retd)

INS Kolkata – Stealth Destroyer Commissioning the largest ever indigenous warship, INS Kolkata into the Indian Navy, Prime Minister Narendra Modi said it will deter anyone from casting their ‘evil eye on India’. “INS Kolkata is an example of our military might, showcasing our capabilities to the world. In today’s world fighting and winning wars is less difficult. To ensure that there is no war, one has to have a modernised and powerful military coupled with state-of-the-art weaponry so that no one can dare cast their evil eye on us,” Modi said. Further, he added, “INS Kolkata is a floating technology marvel. It will provide security to those who use the sea route to carry out trade activities.” The commissioning ceremony of INS Kolkata on August 16, 2014, was attended by the Defence Minister Arun Jaitley, the Governor of Maharashtra K. Sankarana- rayanan, the Chief Minister of Maharash- tra Prithviraj Chavan and the Chief of the Naval Staff Admiral R.K. Dhowan, in addi- tion to many other serving and retired defence personnel. INS Kolkata is the lead ship of Project 15A, Guided Missile Stealth Destroyer, until now the largest size of indigenously constructed warship. The other two ships of the class to follow are Kochi and Chen- nai. The ship is 164 metres wide and has a full load displacement of 7,400 tonnes. She is manned by 30 officers and 330 sailors. The stealth destroyer has been designed by IN’s own Design Bureau, Principal Director Naval Design (Surface Ship Group) and is indigenously constructed by the Mazagon Dock Ltd. Mumbai, the leading defence shipyard of the country. INS Kolkata war- ship is a technology demonstrator and will showcase a giant leap of shipbuilding tech- (Above) Prime Minister Narendra Modi onboard nology in the country. INS Kolkata. INS Kolkata is the first Indian Naval (Left) Defence Minister Arun Jaitley walks around onboard INS Kamorta along with Admiral R.K. destroyer to have multi functional (MF) Dhowan, CNS, Vice Admiral Satish Soni, C-in-C, conformal array surveillance radar - the MF- Eastern Naval Command and Rear Admiral A.K. Verma Star to provide target data to long-range (Retd) CMD. GRSE Kolkata. surface to air missile system (LRSAM) to be delivered shortly. The MFR and LRSAM system is a joint venture of the Defence a series of elegant, functional and combat- Research and Development Organisation worthy warships of the Delhi, Shivalik and (DRDO) and Israel Aerospace Industries now the Kolkata class. The Kolkata’s design Ltd. She is also equipped with the advanced claims ‘stealth’ features, which should ren- anti-ship surface to surface missiles - the der it difficult for the adversary to detect. BrahMos. The active electronic tower array The IN’s Weapon and Electronic Systems sonar (ATAS) is also installed. Engineering Establishment (WESEE) under- Admiral Arun Prakash, former Chief took the herculean task of integrating the of the Naval Staff, critically evaluated the melange of Russian, Israeli, Dutch, French, commissioning of INS Kolkata, when he Italian, and Indian systems which went into opined that Kolkata’s commissioning is this ship. Nowhere else in the world is such an opportune juncture to strike a balance a complex undertaking attempted, but sheet which may help us break out of the WESEE’s endeavours have been invariably vicious circle of delayed indigenous proj- rewarded with success. To WESEE also goes ects and increasing import dependency. huge credit for developing the electronic He added, on the positive side, the nerve-centre of the ship, its combat man- Directorate General of Naval Design, which agement system or CMS—again a unique started in the 1960s with the modified and sterling achievement. Leander class frigates, has over the years He further commented that showing

www.spsnavalforces.com brought great credit for itself by creating eminent good sense and pragmatism, the

6 4/2014 modernisation

DRDO leadership agreed to the Navy’s Officer Commanding-in-Chief, Eastern Diesel and Diesel’ propulsion system with proposal for a path-breaking tripartite Naval Command, Rear Admiral A.K. Verma Defence Minister Arun two Diesel Engines along with one gearbox collaborative arrangement with the Israe- (Retd), CMD of GRSE and various other dig- Jaitley, who commissioned on each shaft. The common raft mounted lis for the development of the LRSAM. nitaries were also present during the com- gearbox and Diesel Engines give the vessel The funding as well as manpower liabili- missioning ceremony. INS Kamorta, described the very low radiated underwater noise. This is ties were shared by the IN and DRDO. The Measuring 110 metres in length, 14 well complemented with an efficient pro- project, involving DRDO scientists, naval metres in breadth and displacing 3,500 development as ‘the coming peller which has high cavitations inception engineers and the defence-industry has tonnes, the ship can achieve speed of 25 speed. The design also incorporates active rendered tremendous benefits to all three Knots. The ship is fitted with anti-subma- of age of our shipbuilding shaft grounding system and multi-zone participants and, notwithstanding devel- rine rockets and torpedoes, medium and Impressed Current Cathodic Protection for opment delays, will bring the IN to front close-in weapon systems and indigenous industry’ suppression of Extremely Low Frequency rank of navy technologies. surveillance radar Revathi. The ship is also Electromagnetic signature. The very low capable of carrying an integral ASW helicop- under water acoustic signature makes it a INS Kamorta – ASW Corvette ter. Kamorta also boasts of other “firsts” ‘silent killer on the prowl’. Breaking new grounds in the indigenous such as a foldable Hangar Door and a Rail- shipyards of the country which is a wel- INS Kamorta has a multitude of sys- warship building, the first indigenously less Helicopter Traversing System, which come sign of the health of the shipbuild- tems such as Total Atmospheric Control, designed and built stealth anti-subma- will give helicopter operations from the cor- ing industry. He expressed confidence that Integrated Platform Management, Inte- rine warfare corvette (ASW), INS Kamorta, vette a significant edge over other warships. the measures taken by the government will grated Bridge, Battle Damage Control and under Project 28 was commissioned at an Jaitley said in the last three months, infuse healthy competitive spirit between Personnel Locator System. This provides impressive ceremony at Visakhapatnam both the Prime Minister and he had been the public and private shipyards. a contemporary and process oriented Sys- on, August 23, 2014. The ASW Corvette, the associated with many an accretions made Enhanced stealth features have been tem of Systems for optimal functioning of first of its kind was completely designed on into the Indian Navy namely, INS Vikramad- achieved by ‘X’ form of Hull, full beam the warship. The ship has a complement their own by the Principal Director Naval itya, INS Kolkata and INS Kamorta. But this superstructure, inclined ship sides and of about 15 officers and 180 sailors. The Design (Surface Ship Group) and built by one was special because of the high indig- use of Infrared Signature Suppression sys- accommodation and living spaces have the defence shipyard Garden Reach Ship- enous content. He said, at the moment, 42 tem for cooling the Engine and Generator been designed with special emphasis on builders and Engineers Limited (GRSE), Kol- warships are under construction in various exhausts. The ship has a ‘Combination of ergonomics and habitability. SP kata. The other major milestone of Project 28 is that this is the first warship of the IN, the weapon systems of which are manufac- tured in the country. INS Kamorta is first of the four ASW Stealth Corvettes. The Defence Minister, Arun Jaitley, who commissioned INS Kamorta, described the development as ‘the coming of age of our shipbuilding industry’. Addressing the gathering he congratulated the Indian Navy, GRSE and other Indian PSUs which were involved in the project and said that the induction of INS Kamorta adds thrust Indispensable to the nation’s ongoing endeavours of indi- genisation of weaponry. “During the past five decades, the Naval Design Directorate has constructed 119 warships and submarines of various categories. Another 42 are being built at various public and private shipyards. We have moved on from the biggest buyers to manufacturers of the ships as the ship- building industry in the country is growing leaps and bounds,” he said. He stressed the need to strengthen India’s water line secu- Reference rity. ‘‘I am sure INS Kamorta will serve this country effectively for a very long time. Our effective preparedness is always the

best guarantee for peace in Yearbook this regionMilita andSP’s our forces have been discharging their duty effectively,’’ he said. Speaking on the occasion, Admiral SP’s R.K. Dhowan, the Chief of the Naval Staff, recalled that the earlier version of Kam- 2014 orta of the Indian Navy was a Petya class - corvette acquired from erstwhile Soviet Union and said the new INS Kamorta has Military been 90 per cent indigenously built. “The Indian Navy is a multi-dimensionalr force. It is the responsibility of the Navy to ensure y that the Indian maritime interests which Yearbook have vital relationship with the nation’s 2015 since 1965 42nd issue economic growth, are allowed to develop unhindered,” he said. 2015 2014 Admiral R.K. Dhowan, Chief of the Naval Staff, Vice Admiral Satish Soni, Flag

The Indian Navy’s Weapon From 50 Years Old Media House and Electronic Systems - Engineering Establishment undertook the herculean task of integrating the melange of Russian, Israeli, Dutch, French, Italian, and Reserve Your Own Copies,Finmeccanica Now! and India: Indian systems which went in the spirit of partnership. [email protected] into this ship.

42nd issue SP's MYB 1415 ADVERT.indd 1 18/04/14 5:34 PM

4/2014 7

editor-in-chief

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SP's MYB Cover 2014-2015_Final.indd 1 heritage_220-275_2013-10-11.indd 1 11/10/13 10:36 18/04/14 11:12 AM  NAVAL AVIATION Helicopter Voids Hit Navy’s Operations

Modern multi-role helicopters operate nearly autonomously in reconnaissance, anti-submarine warfaer, anti-shipping, transport, SAR and logistic roles

photograph: SP Guide Pubns n Lt General Naresh Chand (retd)

elicopter is an ideal plat- form for maritime role as it can easily operate from a ship deck, hover for a long time and fly nape of the sea/ Hearth to avoid radar detection. During World War II, Flettner Fl 282s were used by Germany and Sikorsky R-4s were used by the US for reconnaissance. R-4 and R-5 helicopters were employed by US and UK forces from navy cruisers and battleships by first supporting and later replacing catapult-launched observation aircraft. They were also used to recover pilots who ditched near an aircraft carrier. The heli- copter’s payload and endurance increased with improved technology thus the role of anti-submarine warfare (ASW) was added to it. In the early stages, helicopters oper- ated as weapon delivery platforms with target information provided from ships. The development of the turboshaft engine and solid state electronics in the 1960s was a major milestone in the evolution of helicopters as this allowed smaller Kamov 31 AEW Helicopter in flight helicopters, such as the Westland Wasp, to operate from smaller vessels. Solid state electronics enabled helicopters like SH-3 Sea King to be equipped with inte- zz Chetak ers were Eurocopter’s AS565 MBe Panther, a wish list with only the VVIP’s contract gral dunking sonar, radar and magnetic zz Advance Light Helicopter (ALH) AgustaWestland’s AW-109LUH, US’ Bell finalised for 12 helicopters. After the anomaly detection equipment. This gave zz Sea King 42-(B/C (Sea King 42C is for and Kamov of Russia. AugustaWestland’s delivery of three helicopters, news of the helicopter very short reaction time to Marine Commando Flight) alleged bribery case has thrown the pro- kickbacks emerged and the deal was respond to any threat without waiting for zz KAMOV-28 verbial spanner in the procurement. The cancelled with India recovering the full directions from other ships. The need to zz KAMOV-31 procurement saga of the utility helicopters bank guarantee. Fate of the three heli- carry two helicopters on board ship effect- and their variants has a long history of copters already delivered is not known ed the design, both of the ship as well as Naval Utility Helicopters (NUH) twist and turns. Just to recap: and chances of them just being wasted the helicopter. Maritime helicopters are Chetak. This helicopter is originally zz The Ministry of Defence (MoD) issued its away is quite likely. navalised for operations on the sea which Aloutte III manufactured by Aerospatiale first RFP for 197 helicopters in 2001 for From the above it clearly emerges that includes enhanced protection against salt- of France. It has an operational speed of urgent replacement of the Cheetah and either the Ministry of Defence is not really water corrosion, protection against inges- about 185 kmph, service ceiling of about Chetak helicopters, which had been in serious of acquiring the helicopters or find tion of water and provision for forced 3,200 metres and a range of about 540 km. service for about four decades. Bell 407 it difficult to manage a large global defence ditching at sea. Modern maritime heli- Chetak was first inducted into the IN dur- and Eurocopter AS 350 B3 were short- tender. Meanwhile DAC’s recent meeting copters such as the SH-60 Seahawk and ing 1961 and since then has been the main listed and after the trials, it appeared under Defence Minister Arun Jaitley has the Westland Lynx are designed to oper- stay for all non-lethal roles. It is being man- that Eurocopter had won the race but cleared 32 HAL Dhruv helicopters for the ate from frigates destroyers and similar ufactured by the Hindustan Aeronautics the Government put the deal on hold Navy and Coast Guard. The RFP floated in ships. In the US regardless of the mission, Limited (HAL) under licence. They are also to investigate allegations regarding the 2012 for 56 LUH has made no headway. each helicopters utilises state-of-the-art in service with the Army and the Indian Air role of two senior army officers and a computer, sonar, radar and air-to-ground Force. Chetak has been in service for many senior bureaucrat in pushing the deal MRHs weapon technology. Modern multi-role decades, have been upgraded many times for Eurocopter. No officer was punished Sea King42 (A/B/C). They are manufac- helicopter operate nearly autonomously but still need to be replaced urgently due and a fresh acquisition process was tured by Westland Helicopters, has an in reconnaissance, anti-submarine war- to their obsolescence. started. It was a major embarrassment operational speed of about 207 kmph, fare, anti-shipping, transport, search and ALH Dhruv. ALH is an indigenous heli- as the French Foreign Minister visited service ceiling of about 3,500 metres and rescue and logistic roles. copter produced by HAL and the basic ver- India during end of 2007 to finalise the range of about 1,230 km. Sea King helicop- sion is meant to replace Chetak. Its opera- deal before it was to be signed in the ters were acquired by the Navy in the late Indian Navy’s Helicopters tional speed is about 290 kmph, service presence of the former French President 1960s for enhanced surveillance, ASW and Indian Navy employs helicopters nearly on ceiling about 8,380 metres and range of Nicolas Sarkozy, who was to be the chief search and rescue roles, and are now obso- all its ships. Some class of ships like Delhi about 830 km. Variants based on Dhruv guest during the Republic Day Parade lete thus need replacement. Sea King42B can carry two helicopters, Talwar class and platform are light combat helicopter and 2008. It was understood that the Navy was acquired in 1982 They have a problem offshore patrol vessels can carry one heli- light observation helicopter which are may also acquire them subsequently. of spares and a few numbers were to be copter each, landing platform/dock INS under development. Navy received its first zz Subsequently MoD wanted to club the up graded with day and night capability, Jalashwa can carry six helicopters and air- ALH around March 2002 and the first Dhruv requirement of the Army and the Air equipped with better anti-ship missiles and craft carrier INS Vikramaditya can carry 12 squadron was raised on November 12, Force for better bargaining and came to a operate in an all-weather environment. Sea helicopters. Indian Navy’s operational fleet 2013. The Navy has some misgivings of its requirement of a total of 312 helicopters. King 42C is with Marine Commandoes, were has more than 80 ships of all types which ASW capability thus it is keen on acquiring zz Subsequently it has also been reported acquired in the late 1980s and have troop can carry helicopters ranging from one heli- Dhruv only in multi-role utility helicopter. in the media that the Defence Acquisi- carrying capability. copter (like Talwar class) to a maximum of NUH. In 2012 a RFP was issued for 56 tion Council (DAC) has approved the Kamov-28. Kamov-28 is manufactured 12 on INS Vikramaditya which include light NUHs with option for 28 additional orders. induction of 695 helicopters in the by Kamov of Russia, has a operational utility helicopters (LUH) to multi-role heli- The RFP stipulated a maximum take-off near future which include 384 light, speed of about 265 kmph, service ceiling copters (MRH). Apart from the requirement weight of about 4.5 tonnes, capable of 80 medium-lift, 22 attack, 16 anti-sub- of about 5,000 metres and range of about for the ships, they also need helicopters being lightly armed for anti-shipping and marine warfare, 15 heavy-lift and 12 975 km. It is capable of carrying out search, for their marine commandoes. The Indian ASW role and have state-of-the-art design. VVIP helicopters from foreign vendors, detection, tracking, engage surfaced and Navy has the following type of helicopters It should be able to operate from land and while another 166 will be the indig- submerged submarines. The helicopter’s

www.spsnavalforces.com on its inventory: sea by day and night. The possible contend- enous Dhruv ALHs. This appeared just avionics suite includes an integrated flight

8 4/2014 naval aviation

photograph: US Navy navigation system and a sighting system clause for 8 more, to replace Sea King 42 S-70B Sea Hawk which provides all-weather navigation, helicopter and 42A (phased out during 1990-91) for submarine detection, weapons control, Sikorsky’s S-70B and NF Industries’ NH-90. return flight to the mother ship and land- It appears that no progress has been made ing approach. It has been in service with on this RFP. It also does not figure in the the Indian Navy since the mid-1980s and is first DAC meeting chaired by Arun Jaitley. now getting obsolete. Long-term requirements. Indian Navy Kamov-31. Kamov-31 is manufactured had plans to equip all ships and air squad- by Kamov, has operational speed of about rons with MRHs which were commissioned 200 km, service ceiling of about 3,500 from 1997 onwards. It also included the metres and range of about 590 km. The requirement for ships which were to join Ka-31 takes the Kamov capabilities even the fleet as per the 14th Naval Plan until further by enabling real-time network- 2020. Accordingly it started the process of centric warfare for the Indian Navy. The acquisition as per the DPP by issuing a RFI latest out of the stable is Kamov Ka-31, for the procurement of 123 MRHs about airborne early warning (AEW) helicopter, a couple of years back. They were termed recognised as a force multiplier in true Naval MRH(NMRH). The role was classic for sense. As the AEW version of Sea King was MRHs i.e. ASW, anti-shipping and special considered too expensive thus Kamov-31 operations. It should also carry out the was acquired from Russia in 2003. Some secondary role of electronic intelligence more were acquired in 2009. Kamov-31’s and multi-role NUH. Highlights of the spec- belly-mounted NIIRT E-801M Oko (means ifications were: eye) radar folds down and starts rotat- zz State-of-the-art aeronautics, avionics ing. It can then detect 30-40 targets over face Warfare (SUW) is 21,290 lb (9,657 kg), extensive use of composite materials which and armament. a much larger horizon. The AEW capabil- Maximum takeoff gross weight is 23,500 make it lighter, reduces corrosion and zz Latest sensors which can detect, iden- ity is most critical for the Indian Navy as lb (10,681 kg), Mission endurance (SUW) reduces routine maintenance. NH90 is the tify and classify all surface and sub- its ships are not big enough to operate a is 3.30 hours, has a dash speed of 140 kts joint effort of France, Germany, Italy, and surface targets. Also should be able to fixed-wing AEW aircraft. (about 260 kmph) and can carry anti-ship the Netherlands. Portugal joined later on. detect air targets. missiles, torpedoes and .50 calibre guns. The NH90 is produced in two variants i.e. zz Should be capable of air to air refueling. Survey of Global MRHs The sensors include second generation Tactical Transport Helicopter for troops, zz Maximum all-up weight should be There are many MRHs in service in US, integrated AAS-44 Forward-Looking Infra- and the NATO Frigate Helicopter (NH90NFH) between 9 and 12.5 tonnes. Europe and the Russian Federation. Some red system for expanded night vision and for naval utility and anti-submarine. NFH zz Should be able to operate from all examples are: Hellfire targeting capability, new APS-147 is equipped with modular avionics system Indian Navy’s class of ships. Sikorsky’s Sea Hawk series. Sikorsky’s multi-mode radar with long/short range integrated with full glass cockpit, fly-by- No progress has also not been made on Sea Hawk series is a multi-mission US heli- search Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar wire control system with four axis autopi- this RFI. Thus it can be safely concluded copter which is based on the UH-60 Black imaging and periscope detection modes, lot and mission aids. It can operate in all- that neither the NUH, MRH and NMRH are Hawk and is a member of the Sikorsky S-70 Integrated AQS-22 Airborne Low Fre- weather conditions both by day and night. likely to figure on the inventory of the Navy family. The US Navy uses the H-60 airframe quency Sonar with expanded littoral and Its flight envelope is from sea level to 6,000 in the next decade or so expect for limited under the model designations SH-60B, SH- deep-water capability including concur- metres. It is in service since 2006 and is on quantities of Dhruv. The ships currently 60F, HH-60H, MH-60R, and MH-60S which rent dipping sonar and sonobuoy process- the inventory of 14 nations. are sharing helicopters due to their short- can be deployed aboard any air-capable ing capability, military-off-the-shelf based age. The situation will get more acute as ship. They all are capable of all primary mission and flight management comput- Navy plans for acquisitions of MRHs this paucity will grow as more and more and secondary roles envisaged in a MRH. ers, Advanced ALQ-210 Electronic Support Indian Navy had made plans to procure MRHs helicopters are discarded due to obsoles- The latest Sikorsky and Lockheed Martins’ Measures system for passive detection, for their immediate requirement as well as cence. The blue water Indian Navy will then MH-60R Seahawk® helicopter is consid- location and identification of emitters and their long-term requirement as follows: have to operate with much reduced heli- ered the world’s most advanced maritime many other features. Immediate requirements. Indian Navy copter support which will result in com- helicopter. Mission gross weight for Sur- NH Industries’ NH90. NH90 makes had floated a RFP for 16 MRHs with options prising their safety and security at sea. SP

Naval Combat... continued from page 4 can easily be incorporated to address the zz It has extended connectivity and zz Surveillance, multi-sensor data fusion, unique needs of the customer. Because of interoperability with multiple nodes. COMBATSS-21 is the situation assessment, threat evalua- its modern architecture, COMBATSS-21 can zz It can be linked to: tion and weapon assignment/control be hosted on configurations ranging from – Helicopters, special forces and backbone of the Freedom- capability a single commercial processor running a unmanned systems. variant self-defence suite and zz Mission planning and intelligent data commercial operating system to more dis- – Sensors for search and also for enemy management features tributed configurations. This makes it read- carrying out electronic warfare. integrates the radar, electro- zz Open system architecture ily adaptable to a wide variety of shipboard – Weapon systems. zz Excellent real-time performance over applications from patrol craft to large deck optical infrared cameras, dual redundant communication back- ships. Its proven software meets require- Elbit bone with publish/subscribe paradigm ments for a low-risk, affordable solution ENTCS 2000 Naval Combat Management gun fire control system, of data network for seamless integra- that can be easily upgraded to meet evolv- Systems is designed to assure “knowl- tion of sensors and house holding data. ing threats and environments throughout edge superiority” over potential enemies, countermeasures and short- the ship’s life-cycle. shorten decision-making cycles and exe- range anti-air missiles. Selex ES cute rapid and accurate weapon engage- Selex ES has developed a family of NCMS DCNS ment in the task force. Simultaneously it solutions named ATHENA with variants to POLARIS® is a sea-proven compact solution ensures optimum response to changing suit various roles. Details are: designed to fulfil the need of navies and events. Based on open, fully distributed Architecture & Technologies Han- coast guards. The system features surveil- architecture and COTS building blocks, is the heart of the combat system, provid- dling Electronic Naval Applications lance and protection capabilities for littoral the system has enhanced redundancy and ing situational awareness and weapon con- (ATHENA). Athena is state-of-the-art or exclusive economical zones operations. no single point of failure. Modular design trol from its intuitive consoles. CMS solution, to perform any type of POLARIS® is particularly well adapted to and scalability assure compatibility with a CMS-1 was developed for the UK Royal combat mission applied across any class offshore patrol vessel, fast attack craft, fast broad range of existing systems and plat- Navy’s Type 45 Destroyers and will sup- of surface vessels. It is designed to easily patrol boat and landing platform dock/ forms, from small patrol boats to frigates port it in service with the Royal Navy for integrate every type of sensor, weapon or landing helicopter dock. Other features are: and from command centres to maritime at least the next three decades. A plan of support system. It provides the command zz It can handle an extensive correlation patrol aircraft and helicopters. through-life technology refresh and capa- team with the strategic and tactical situ- of intelligence data, efficient identifica- bility upgrades will ensure that CMS-1 con- ation awareness, and effectively manages tion procedures, and enhanced coor- BAE Systems tinues to meet operational requirements all deployed force assets and own ship’s dination to support sea policing and BAE Systems is the sole supplier and inte- in the future. CMS-1 supports NATO and resources to accomplish naval objectives fighting asymmetric threats, grator of NCMS for the UK Royal Navy’s other coalition operations, and there is a and missions. zz It is a robust and versatile CMS which surface and sub-surface fleet. Their experi- constant effort to evolve programmes to ATHENA-P is the NCMS developed to can easily be adapted for upgrade ence in command and information systems enhance the network enabled capabilities provide C2 capabilities on vessels without programmes on all kinds of ships. includes interfaces to a wide range of com- of its sensors and command systems on a missiles guidance (i.e. mine hunters, and POLARIS® operates surface-to-surface bat system equipment and leading Euro- number of additional naval ships. fast patrol boats, and patrol vessels for missile systems as well as defence pean and US weapon systems. The CMS paramilitary organisations). missile systems. Combined with family supports planning, tactical picture L&T ATHENA-C is the NCMS developed to MATRICS, POLARIS® automatically compilation, decision-making and weapon Combat Management Systems includes the address the requirements for all classes of identifies and points out abnormal control to meet multiple emergent threats following: combat vessels (fast attack craft, corvettes, behaviour patterns. in blue water and littoral operations. CMS-1 zz Surface and sub-surface application frigates, destroyers and aircraft carriers). SP

4/2014 9  coastal Security Maritime Domain Awareness and Security Imperatives

In 1982, the Common Heritage of Mankind concept was stated to relate to “the seabed and ocean floor and subsoil thereof, beyond the limits of national jurisdiction” under Article 136 of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea Treaty

GRAPHIC: Pole Star n Rear Admiral Sushil Ramsay (Retd)

aritime Domain Aware- ness (MDA) is defined by the International Maritime Organisation as the effective understanding of anything Massociated with the maritime domain that could impact the security, safety, economy or environment. The maritime domain is defined as all areas and things of, on, under, relating to, adjacent to, or border- ing on a sea, ocean, or other navigable waterway, including all maritime-related activities, infrastructure, people, cargo, and vessels and other conveyances. Thus demarcation of sea border of a country remains pretty much complex. The Indian Navy publication The Inter- national Law of the Sea and Indian Maritime Legislation stipulates, “Over the centuries the international law of the sea had come to be based on the basic principle of “free- dom of the seas”. Beyond the narrow coastal strip of territorial waters, the seas could be freely used by all nations for fishing and for navigation. Coastal states used to be con- tent with exclusive rights in their narrow belt of territorial waters. The discovery of petroleum and natural gas in the shallow waters of the continental shelf led the US to issue the Truman Proclamation in 1945, which claimed sovereign rights over the resources of the continental shelf adjacent to its coast. Around the same time, coastal states found that the fishing areas near their coasts were being poached by larger energy security interests give these two waterways on the way to Asia, Africa, Europe fishing vessel registration and fishermen and better equipped fishing ships of distant Asian players direct stakes in the security and other parts of the world. Any disruption biometric identity databases. foreign states. Both these developments, and stability of Indian Ocean, in particular in the trade would cause significant stress combined with the emergence of newly the safety of transit lines from the Arabian and strain in many world economies....” This Maritime Security Construct independent states after the decolonisation Gulf towards the east coast of the Arabian explains geostrategic and geo-economic While the Indian Navy has the single-point of Asia and Africa, led to a spate of unilat- Sea and the Bay of Bengal which surround importance of the region for India and con- overall responsibility for the maritime secu- eral claims by the coastal states to extend India’s long coastal area. This has positioned sequentially, huge responsibility to protect rity which also includes the coastal security, national jurisdiction over large adjacent sea India and China as major contenders for the and safeguard the nation’s maritime inter- there is a multi-tiered maritime security areas to protect their fishery resources.” share of the Ocean’s dominion.” “The Indian ests behove on the IN. construct formalised to cover the vast coast- Under the United Nations General Ocean’s (SLOCs) are also key factors in the Since November 2008, several initia- lines and the wide expanse of Exclusive Eco- Assembly Resolution 2749, the Declaration global trade and economic stability since the tives have been taken by the Government nomic Zone (EEZ). Respective Naval Cs-in-C of Principles Governing the Seabed and oil and other trading stuff pass through its of India to strengthen overall maritime have been assigned additional responsibility Ocean Floor, was adopted by 108 nation security and the coastal security apparatus as Cs-in-C, Coastal Defence and head four states which pronounced that the deep against threat of non-state actors from the JOCs. Under a well-defined security mecha- seabed should be preserved for peaceful Maritime Areas of sea. This entailed seamless integration of nism patrolling of the inland waters and purposes and is the “Common Heritage of all maritime stakeholders, including sev- riverine contiguous to the creeks and coast- Mankind.” In 1982, the Common Heritage Interests eral State and Central agencies into the new lines has been assigned to the State Marine of Mankind concept was stated to relate coastal security mechanism. The 15 or more Police of the coastal States and Union Ter- Total Length of Coastline: 7,516.6 km to “the seabed and ocean floor and subsoil agencies involved, ranging from Indian ritories, whose jurisdiction extends up to Mainland: 5,422.6 km thereof, beyond the limits of national juris- Lakshadweep Islands: 132.0 km Navy, Indian Coast Guard, Customs, Intel- 12 nautical miles (about 22 km). Coastal diction” under Article 136 of the United A & N Islands: 1,962.0 km ligence Agencies and Port authorities to the surveillance and security of areas between Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea Home and Shipping ministries, State gov- 12 and 200 nautical miles (about 22 km to Treaty (UNCLOS). Consequent to decades Island Territories: 1,197 ernments and Fisheries departments, etc. 370 km), which is the EEZ has been assigned A & N Islands: 572 of deliberations at the international forums To synergise the maritime security efforts to the Indian Coast Guard. IN’s jurisdiction Lakshadweep Islands: 27 the exploration rights of the nations were of all stakeholders, the IN has established extends beyond 200 nautical miles (370 Off West Coast Mainland: 447 demarcated and those recognised for India Off East Coast Mainland: 151 Joint Operations Centres (JOC) located at km). At times this division can get blurred are shown in the box. Mumbai, Visakhapatnam, Kochi and Port depending upon the operational require- Maritime Jurisdiction: UNCLOS Blair. The ultimate aim being establishment ment. The following additional features of Ratification dated June 29, 1995 Maritime Security Imperatives of national maritime domain awareness to maritime and coastal security construct are Dr Theodore Karasik defines the geo-strate- Territorial Waters: 45,450 sq nm/1,55,889 create an integrated intelligence grid to incrementally being brought into force: gic and geo-economic importance of Indian sq km detect and tackle threats emanating from zz A National Command, Control, Com- Ocean as, “despite its significant strategic Extent of EEZ: 5,87,600 sq nm/20,13,410 the sea in real-time and to generate a “com- munication and Intelligence (NC3IN) position as a major trade route and a home sq km mon operational picture of activities at sea network would be established for to a large part of world population, the through an institutionalised mechanism real-time Maritime Domain Awareness Deep-sea Mining Area: 1,50,000 sq km Indian Ocean was neglated for a long time. Pioneer Investor – 1987 for collecting, fusing and analysing infor- linking the operations rooms of the IN The sudden rise of India and China as global Posn – 180 Cape Comorin 1,080 nm mation from technical and other sources and the ICG, both at the field and the economic powers has significantly increased like coastal surveillance network radars, apex levels. Antarctica: Dakshin Gangotri – 1983, their energy needs and their dependence on space-based automatic identification sys- zz Assets, such as ships, boats, helicop- Maitri – 1989 www.spsnavalforces.com the Gulf oil supplies. Consequently, their tems, vessel traffic management systems, ters, aircraft etc. as also the manpower

10 4/2014 WEAPONS Formidable Weapons of the Submarines

Submarines also lay mines clandestinely in enemy harbours ‘as wait and strike’ weapons

photographs: Atlas Elektronik, BAE Systems n Rear Admiral Dr S. Kulshrestha (Retd) In the Indian context, with

modern conventional the fresh RFI for heavy- submarine has a formidable array of weapons at its dispos- weight torpedoes, the field al for dealing with the adver- saries, be it a ship, another is again thrown open for submarineA or a target on land. Torpedoes 98 torpedoes required for are a choice when targeting surface ships and submarines in vicinity, and missiles submarines as well as when surface and land targets are far away. Submarines also lay mines clandestinely in unspecified number for enemy harbours ‘as wait and strike’ weap- ons. Succeeding paragraphs discuss some warship Projects 15A & 15B. of the more prominent submarine weapons. Torpedoes. The Mk 48 and the Mk 48 ADCAP wire-guided torpedoes are the main underwater weapons of the US submarines. can also be preprogrammed to attack tar- Gould/Honeywell and Hughes Aircraft Atlas Elektronik’s gets as per GPS stored data. The latest land SeaHake manufacture them respectively. This ther- attack upgrade can hit hardened targets mal torpedo has a range of 30 km at 65 (including large ships) up to a range of 1,700 kts (about 120 kmph) and 50 km at 40 kts km. A submarine uses its torpedo tubes to (about 78 kmph). Self-guidance in active/ fire the MBDA produced SM39 Exocet mis- passive acoustic homing mode is also fea- sile. It is sea skimming turbojet missile with sible. The Royal Navy uses the Spearfish a range of more than 180 km, GPS waypoint thermal torpedo by BAE Systems. It has a guidance in addition to inertial and active range of 65 km at a speed of 60 kts (110 radar, and has a warhead of 165 kg. Indian kmph). It is a wire-guided torpedo with an Navy has ordered it for the Scorpene sub- autonomous active/passive acoustic hom- marines under acquisition. The Klub-S is ing mode. The Swedish Tp-62 (Torpedo the Russian anti-shipping missile with a 2000 export version) is also a thermal tor- warhead of 200 kg and a range of 220 km. pedo with a pump jet propulsor and a range It is subsonic missile with a supersonic ter- of 50+km at a speed of 45+kts (about 83 minal speed of 2.9 Mach. IDAS (Interactive kmph). It is also wire-guided with autono- Attack and Defence System for Submarines) mous acoustic homing; Saab Bofors Under- is a new submarine torpedo tube fired mis- water Systems are the manufacturers. The sile under development by HDW and Diehl Russian 53-65KE is a wake homer using BGT Defence in Germany. It aims to target kerosene and oxygen for propulsion. It has helicopters, medium-sized ships, as well as speeds in excess of 45 kts and a range of coastal land targets. The Indian Naval sub- 50 km. Whitehead Sistemi Subacquei has marines may also field a mix of indigenous developed the Italian A184, also known BAE Systems’ Spearfish Shaurya and BrahMos missiles, as and when as Blackshark. It uses electrical propul- Heavyweight Torpedo they are ready for deployment. sion; for guidance, optical fibre as well as In the Indian context, with the fresh autonomous active passive acoustic sonar RFI for heavy-weight torpedoes, the field is used. The Mod 3 has advanced ECCM, 50+kts. It has a unique homing head using and when it is available. is again thrown open for 98 torpedoes better motor design and battery giving it transducers in conformal array permitting Missiles. BGM-109 Tomahawk, manu- required for submarines as well as unspec- a speed of 50+km at 50+kts. The German it to detect targets in +/-100 degree in the factured by Raytheon, is perhaps the most ified number for warship Projects 15A & DM2A4Seehecht, manufactured by Atlas horizontal plane and in +/-24 degree in the famous and widely used submarine fired 15B. The Indian Navy would in all probabil- Elecktronik (SeaHake Mod 4, export ver- vertical plane. It also claims the least self- missile. The current version of this modu- ity also look at submarine fired cruise mis- sion), was the first torpedo to be fitted noise among its competitors. Indian Navy lar missile is equipped with network-centric siles of smaller sizes than the BrahMos and with a fibre optic wire guidance system. It has reissued RFI for a heavy weight torpedo warfare capabilities and can utilise data tube-launched mines. SP is the only modular design torpedo offer- for its ships and Scorpene submarines. In from a variety of inputs like UAVs, satel- ing up to four silver-zinc battery modules future, Indian Navy is likely to also deploy lites, ground forces, etc. Loitering feature The author is former DG NAI and Senior to achieve a range of 50+km and speeds of the indigenous Varunashtra on its ships as enables retargeting of its tactical version. It Fellow at New Westminster College, Canada

of the ICG being increased. nated as the authority responsible for entire coast as well as island territories criminate based on the intention. Effective zz A specialised force, “Sagar Prahari Bal” coastal security within the territorial has been approved. measures for border management as on comprising 1,000 personnel and tasked waters, including areas to be patrolled land and within the aerospace cannot be with protecting naval assets and bases by the coastal police. Maritime & Coastal Security Challenges instituted in stricter sense-out at sea. The on both, the east and the west coasts as zz The DG ICG is designated as the Com- The Indian Ocean, especially the Gulf sea offers very little scope to distinguish well as the Island territories has been mander Coastal Command and made region, witnesses an average daily traffic between the right of innocent passage or created. responsible for overall coordination of some 25,000 bulk carriers, all carrying hostile intentions of the vessel transiting zz A new CG Regional HQ has been set up between Central and State agencies in crude on the high seas. In addition, closer through own areas of maritime interests. in Gujarat, headed by COMCG (North- all matters relating to coastal security. to the coastal region at any given time Operating in such a dynamic environ- West), to look after surveillance off the zz The setting up of nine additional CG there are approximately 5,000 fishermen of ment the IN has the onerous responsibili- coast of Gujarat, Daman and Diu. Stations to integrate into the ‘hub-and- different nationality engaged in the main ties to ensure that lawful private and pub- zz Vessel and Air Traffic Management Sys- spoke concept’ with coastal police sta- trade for their basic survival. It presents lic activities in the maritime domain are tems being installed by the Ministry of tions along with manpower. a highly sensitive and cluttered security protected against attacks and criminals Petroleum, to cover all offshore devel- zz The proposal for setting up of Static environment. and otherwise unlawful or hostile exploita- opment areas, as has already been done Coastal Radar Chain and a comprehen- International boundary lines at sea are tions. The surveillance, the constant vigil in the Western offshore region. sive network chain of Automatic Identi- wide open and porous. It provides easy and the high alert have to be maintained by zz The ICG has been additionally desig- fication System (AIS) stations along the access to one and all and does not dis- the Indian Navy 24 x 7. SP

4/2014 11  JOINT EXERCISE

photographs: US Navy

The aircraft carrier USS George Washington (centre) sails in formation with US Navy, Indian Navy and Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force ships during Exercise Malabar 2014

Reenergising Malabar

n Ranjeet kumar lishing the Air Defence Identification Zone. Japan also cannot leave the field unchal- fter an interregnum lenged, whereas the Americans cannot let of five years India’s most the Chinese dominate the Pacific sea. Hence advanced and powerful war- the security interests of the three partici- ships engaged in war games pating navies under the banner of Malabar with the nuclear powered war- converge in the Pacific sea. The invitation shipsA of the US Navy along with the Japa- to Japan also shows that India wants to col- nese naval destroyers on the coast of Japan lectively protect its maritime interests in in the Western Pacific from July 24 to 30. the area which is far away from its shores. The decision to invite Japan in the bilat- Apprehensive of Chinese reaction the eral Indo-US Malabar annual exercises was US Pentagon officials tried to assuage their taken by the previous UPA Government in concerns, “It has absolutely no relations the last days of its administration and the anything to do with China. If anything it is present NDA Government found it conve- strengthening the US naval presence in the nient to carry on with this move of reviving Pacific Ocean region...and maritime partner- the trilateral maritime engagement, which ship with our allies. It is totally a routine exer- is in fact in accordance with the Modi Gov- cise.” However one Canadian naval official ernment’s priority to deepen relations with Rear Admiral Gilles Couturier commented, Japan and US. US and Indian Navy ships and Japan Maritime “It’s good for Asian countries to take a Describing the Malabar exercise as Self-Defense Force ships participate in the greater role protecting security in the region. complex high-end operational one that has East China Sea during the exercise It’s a good thing if Japanese rise up and try to grown in scope and complexity over the deal with some of those situations.” years, Captain D.K. Sharma, spokesman of Responding to the possible view in China the Indian Navy, said that the “exercises the maritime security expert Captain Alok were conducted to enhance multinational Bansal said that China had earlier objected maritime security relationships and mutual to the multilateral Malabar exercise. It has security issues. The Indian, Japanese and symbolism They will feel that countries are the US Navies have a common understand- ganging up against China. To assuage their ing and knowledge of a shared working feelings India may also engage in same bilat- environment at sea. This would further eral naval exercise with China. help advance the level of understanding The Chinese did not refrain from offi- of the navies.” cially reacting and advised the three naval If we decipher the very meaningful powers, “We hope defence cooperation quote of the Navy spokesman, it would among relevant countries can be conducive become very apparent that the three to peace and stability in the region. China countries exercised together to advance actively promotes the Asian Security Concept together mutual security interests, which that is based on common, comprehensive are very obvious. India has a stake in the and sustainable security. A harmonious and maintenance of the right to freedom of stable Asia-Pacific region built on the basis navigation in the high seas of South and of mutual trust among all countries is in line East China Sea, where China is trying to The aircraft carrier USS George Washington, with the common interests of all countries establish de-jure sovereignty, for which the foreground, sails in formation with US Navy, in this region.” The Chinese Foreign Minis- Indian Navy and Japan Maritime Self-Defense Chinese military has already taken steps to Force ships during the exercise try spokesman Hong Lei further advised,.

www.spsnavalforces.com control the skies over the area, by estab- “But at the same time it also requires all

12 4/2014 JOINT EXERCISE

Ships assigned to Japan Maritime Self- Defense Force, Indian Navy, and US Navy steam alongside Ticonderoga-class guided-missile destroyer USS Shiloh during the exercise

A Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force visit, board, search and seizure team makes its approach to USS John S. McCain for a compliant boarding exercise

sides to put in an effort. We have noticed the strategic planners to engage in deeper also passes through this maritime area, this year’s edition of three-nation Mala- the relevant moves and hope that the actions trilateral engagement with US and Japan cannot let the international maritime area bar Exercise, China has limited its reac- by the relevant countries could follow this to protect its national maritime interests. under the full control of Chinese Navy. tion only to advising the three powers to direction and should help in building mutual India, whose 55 per cent of the world The three-nation strategic engagement focus on developing mutual confidence. trust among the countries of the region and trade is conducted via South China Sea has perhaps cautioned China. Hence, Probably, China has realised the limits of regional peace and stability.” and the country’s major military traffic immediately after the commencement of its assertiveness. SP The exercise featured both ashore and at-sea training, whilst ashore at Japanese Port Sasebo, from July 24 to 26. During this phase the naval officials of the three navies interacted on issues relating to carrier group operations, maritime patrol and reconnaissance operations, anti-piracy operations and visit, board, search and sei- zure (VBSS) operations. The sea phase of the exercise was from July 27 to 30 and was conducted in West- Founded by Shri S P Baranwal ern Pacific Ocean. During this phase the three navies indulged in rescue exercises, in 1964, Guide Publications helicopter cross-deck landings, underway replenishments, gunnery and anti-subma- began its humble journey. rine warfare exercises, VBSS and Liason officer exchange and embarkation. Accord- Today SP Guide Publications ing to the Indian Navy spokesman, these are designed to enhance maritime coopera- (SP’s) is the Asia’s Largest tion among the navies of the participating nations. These exercises further hone indi- Publishing House for vidual capacity to conduct operations in a multi-national environment. Aerospace & Defence More than 7,000 US naval personnel on board the nuclear powered carrier USS Sectors. George Washington, Ticonderoga class destroyer USS Shiloh. Arleigh Burke class We at SP’s look forward destroyer John S. McCain and nuclear pow- ered submarine USS Columbus along with to coming years the P-3 Orion aircraft and MH-60R helicop- ters participated in this exercise. Indian and decades navy was represented by three of its most advanced warships the INS Ranvijay and with even stronger Shivalik aided by fleet supporter ship INS Shakti. Interestingly these very ships partic- conviction. ipated in a joint Indo-Russian naval exercise Indra only a week ago. Japanese were repre- sented by two of its leading destroyers. The Indian and US navies had staged a short of maritime coup in 1992 when for the first time they initiated the Malabar joint naval exercises, immediately after the end of the dissolution of Soviet Union and the end of Cold War. Since then the two naval powers has engaged in mari- time engagement 17 times and it reached its peak in 2007 when the scope of Mala- bar was expanded to five nations and in September India and US invited three other nations — Australia, Singapore and Japan — for a massive get together of “like minded” navies. A year later four nations — India, Australia, Japan and US — naval officials met in Tokyo where the idea of a quadrilateral alliance was proposed but India developed a cold feet after a strong demarche from China. However, when the Malabar was organised again in the Western Pacific sea and Japan was invited to join, China once again reacted strongly and India finally decided to limit the exercise at the original bilateral level. But China’s continuing assertiveness and aggressiveness in the South China Sea has raised alarm bells in South Block, forcing

SP's23_SP's Turns Turns to 50 to years 50 years A4.indd AD.indd 1 23 09/04/1408/08/14 2:284:57 PM

4/2014 13  SP’s exclusives / News News in Brief

By SP’s Special Correspondent has come under criticism from certain quar- craft. Those discussions have progressed ters, including the veterans community, substantively, with negotiations nearing BREAKING News for allowing the induction of the frontline finality. The Indian Navy intends to use combatants without their primary sensors, the aircraft, when it gets them, for search Six Indian Navy Submarines been out action since the accident, but is most apparent on the INS Kamorta, which and rescue missions, inter-island commu- To Be Upgraded reportedly fit to get back to sea soon. The was built specifically for anti-submarine nication, rapid response duties and recon- Defence Acquisition Council has addition- warfare. The Indian Navy has put up a brave naissance of islands. ally approved anti-submarine warfare and face, with assurances from the MoD leader- detection systems, including active towed ship that any and all slippages will be made Navy Wants Distress Beacons For array sonars and torpedo decoy systems up for for the next few ships in their respec- Submarines for the future P15B destroyers and P17A tive classes, as well as the future destroyers Addressing safety concerns on its subma- stealth frigates. and frigates. Top sources say P15 Brave and rine fleet, the Indian Navy is looking to P17 Alpha ships will also be part of India’s procure 30 Submarine Emergency Posi- Bids In Indian Navy MRH export catalogue over the next few decades, tion Indicating Radio Beacon (SEPIRB) sys- To Be Opened so the navy and Indian shipyards want as tems along with suitable SSE sleeves. The little adverse publicity as possible. Coun- SEPIRB is a radio signalling device used tries like Vietnam and Malaysia have shown for locating a submarine in distress. It is how impressed they are with the P15A and stowed onboard a submarine inside the P17 ships. pressure hull. At the time of emergency, it is retrieved from storage and launched TCAS Cleared For Indian Navy either from surface or submerged condi- Special Aircraft tion. The SEPIRB surfaces and transmits NH 90 The government has cleared the purchase a digital message to the COSPAS-SARSAT and integration of Traffic Collision Avoid- satellite network, which obtains the posi- The Indian Navy has breathed a sigh of ance Systems (TCAS) on the Indian Navy’s tion of the SEPIRB to within 100 yards relief with the MoD deciding to open bids Tu-142, Dornier Do-228 and Il-38SD air- using the onboard GPS receiver. The In major relief for the Indian Navy, the in the delayed multirole helicopter (MRH) craft fleets, in a crucial move to shore up transmitted message contains the current government has approved a medium refit competition. The deal for 16 helicopters flight safety during extended operations at elapsed time since activation, the unique and life extension programme for six of its to replace the ageing Sea Kings on shore sea. The navy has for years felt the need to EPIRB ID and initial location obtained by conventional attack submarines. The refit and aboard frontline surface combatants give its reconnaissance fleet airborne colli- GPS. If no GPS location is obtained and/or will involve extensive upgradation of sys- has hung fire for over two years, with the sion avoidance systems. The recent deploy- transmitted by the SEPIRB, then its loca- tems and sensors, including the fitment of government prevaricating on opening ment of P-8I aircraft in the hunt for missing tion (to within approximately two miles) new generation sonars on at least two of commercial bids from Sikorsky for the Malaysia Airlines flight MH370 underscored will be determined by standard COSPAS- the submarines. The programme envisages S-70B Sea Hawk and NHIndustries for the the need for TCAS on all aircraft. The navy’s SARSAT methods. Six hours after acti- upgrade of four Russian Kilo-class subma- NH90. In 2012, NHIndustries had written Tu-142s, also based at INS Rajali in Arakko- vation, the SEPIRB begins to transmit a rines and two Type 209 Shishumar-class to the MoD alleging partial treatment to nam, Tamil Nadu, had also been on standby 121.5 MHz beacon which is used both in submarines. The navy’s submarine arm has Sikorsky for the Sea Hawk, though these for the search operation but were not used locating / retrieving the buoy and as a been in a state of distress for years now, allegations were set aside by the navy as since they would have been deployed in air- backup to the COSPAS-SARSAT message compounded by the tragedy that struck the false. The navy desperately needs new space that was thick with other aircraft and transmissions. INS Sindhurakshak at the Mumbai Naval multirole helicopters for utility and logis- helicopters. The navy’s worst ever disaster dockyard in August last year. The navy tics purposes aboard its frontline ves- before the INS Sindhurakshak tragedy last Navy Scouts Submarine-hunting now operates 13 submarines on paper, sels. The navy needs the MRH for cross- year, was the mid-air collision of two Il- Sonobuoys For Il-38 Fleet but only eight of them are reportedly in platform supply, special operations, 38s in Goa during jubilee celebrations of operational condition. The INS Sindhu- surveillance, anti-submarine warfare, the navy’s air arm. The effort to arm these ratna, which experienced a fire that killed intelligence gathering, search and rescue aircraft (new ones were procured subse- two officers aboard it earlier this year, has and humanitarian missions. SP quently) with TCAS and other safety sys- tems has been on since then.

Indian Coast Guard, Marine Police shallow coastal and territorial waters, sur- Modi’s Visit To Close Japan’s US-2 Express Interest In Israeli USVs face and electronic warfare and offshore Plane Deal? platform protection (plus oil rigs, pipelines, Katana by IAI and more). According to IAI, features of the Katana include autonomous navigation, collision avoidance, advanced control sys- The Indian Navy intends to procure 1,000 tem and more. The vessel is equipped with Passive Directional Sonobuoy systems to various payloads (including electro-optical), hunt submarines for its Il-38SD maritime communication systems, radio (Line of Site, surveillance and anti-submarine warfare LOS, or NLOS), radar and optional weapon aircraft fleet. The sonobuoys are primarily systems. The Protector is projected as an intended as an aid for search, surveillance ‘integrated naval combat system’ based and localisation of submarines using the on unmanned, autonomous, remotely con- As Prime Minister Narendra Modi heads to sonobuoy receiver system already inte- Rafael’s Protector trolled highly manoeuverable and stealthy- Japan at the end of this month, the sec- grated on the Il-38SD aircraft. The navy surface vehicles. The Protector’s well ond visit by an Indian PM to Tokyo in just has stipulated that the sonobuoys should regarded anti-terror mission module pay- over a year, the two countries are close to be passive directional and should be capa- load includes sensors and weapon systems. the historic sale of at least 15 ShinMaywa ble of being operated with the sonobuoy The search radar and the Toplite electro- US-2 amphibious aircraft to the Indian receiver system of Il-38SD stationed at INS optical (EO) pod enable detection, identifica- Navy. Japan, which is looking to accelerate Hansa, Goa. The sonobuoy should have a tion and targeting operations. The weapon the deal, has also offered to build parts minimum detection range of 6 km and it systems are based on Rafael’s Typhoon of the aircraft in India, and source from should be able to operate for minimum remote-controlled, stabilized weapon sta- local industry. According to ShinMaywa, 2 hours post deployment. The sonobuoy Israel Aerospace Industries (IAI), which tion, capable of operating various small cali- “The US-2 can take off and land on rough should have the facility to select depths at unveiled its Katana unmanned surface ves- ber guns. seas, as well as on the ground. Originally which the hydrophones can be deployed sel (USV) at Defexpo this year, has received developed for the Ministry of Defense with the maximum depth that the hydro- feelers from the Indian Coast Guard and Lessons Learnt, MoD clears ASW of Japan, some of its equipment has the phone of the sonobuoy should be able to Marine Police forces of states like Maharash- Gear For P15B & P17A Ships potential for diverse applications other operate being not less than 300 metres. tra and Tamil Nadu, asking for more infor- With clear lessons from the commission- than rescue work and transport of emer- Satisfactory performance of the sonobuoy mation and a demonstration of the system. ing of INS Kolkata and INS Kamorta with- gency patients, if converted for usage by will be ascertained and certified by the The forces have similarly expressed interest out their integral anti-submarine warfare the private sector or other ministries and end user through established trial proce- in the Rafael Advanced Defense Systems suites, the MoD on Friday cleared a Rs 1,770 agencies.” When former Prime Minister dures of the Indian Navy in coordination Protector USV. Developed primarily as a crore deal for active towed array sonars Manmohan Singh visited Tokyo last May, with the vendor. SP homeland security vessels, the Katana and and torpedo decoy systems for four P15 he and his Japanese counterpart Shinzo Protector have been developed for missions Bravo stealth destroyers (improved Kolkata- Abe decided to establish a Joint Working For complete versions, log on to: including protection of exclusive economic class) and sevel P17 Alpha stealth frigates Group (JWG) to explore modalities for the www.spsnavalforces.com & zones, including - harbor security, patrol of (improved Shivalik-class). The government cooperation on the US-2 amphibian air- www.spsmai.com www.spsnavalforces.com

14 4/2014 News

Raksha Mantri reviews progress of and the US agreed to take the defence tech- the ship broke in two parts and both parts indigenous submarine construction nology and trade initiative forward. The were reported to be adrift. ICG took over Publisher and Editor-in-Chief contact person from the Indian side will be the operation in deep Arabian Sea at about Jayant Baranwal the Secretary, Department of Defence Pro- 900 km away from the Indian coast. Sev- Assistant Group Editor R. Chandrakanth duction and the US will be represented by eral Coast Guard ships and aircraft were the Under Secretary for Acquisition, Tech- deployed for rescue mission, firefighting Senior Editorial Adviser R. Adm S.K. Ramsay (Retd) nology and Licensing at the Pentagon. and environment protection. Both sides took note of the progress Mahavir Singh also upheld the finest Senior Technical Group Editor Lt General Naresh Chand (Retd) made over the years in deepening defence traditions of Coast Guard by evacuating an Air Marshal B.K. Pandey (Retd) ties. Both the sides reaffirmed their desire injured crew member from Shipping Corpo- Contributing Editor to further enhance bilateral defence coop- ration of India’s Tug Urja which was towing Lt General V.K. Kapoor (Retd) eration, especially in technology and dis- Mol Comfort, further, without any regard to Contributors cussed ways for strengthening this part- his personal well-being the Coast Guard offi- India Arun Jaitley accompanied by Admiral R.K. nership. Stressing on indigenisation of the cer rescued two fellow crew members who Admiral Arun Prakash (Retd) Dhowan, CNS, visited Mazagon Dock Ltd defence industries, Jaitley said, “The devel- were thrown into the sea by violent waves R. Adm Raja Menon (Retd) (MDL), on August 17 to review the progress opment of our own indigenous capabilities from the inflatable boat of ICGS Samudra Cmde C.P. Srivastava of the Project 75 (indigenous submarine is a major objective that guides our present Prahri which was engaged in the firefight- Cmde Sujeet Samaddar (Retd) Cmde A.J. Singh (Retd) construction project) as well as the other policies. In this direction, we have taken ing operation. This is the first-ever bravery ongoing warship building projects includ- steps to raise the FDI cap in the defence commendation received by any Indian mari- Europe Alan Peaford, Doug Richardson, ing P-15 B class stealth destroyers. The sector. We look forward to work closely ner from United Nations subsidiary, IMO. Andrew Brookes (UK) visit of the Defence Minister, within three with the US in this regard”. USA & Canada months of taking over amply demonstrates The two sides also decided to take steps VLF Transmitting Station commissioned Lon Nordeen (USA) the importance being accorded by the Gov- for the extension of the New Framework for Anil R. Pustam (West Indies) ernment to the indigenous construction of the United States-India Defence relationship, West Asia/Africa submarines and warships. During his visit well before it expires in July 2015. Secretary H.R. Heitman (S. Africa) the Defence Minister inaugurated the Maz- Hagel also laid a wreath at Amar Jawan Jyoti. Chairman & Managing Director dock Modernisation Project (MMP), which Hagel invited Jaitley to visit the Penta- Jayant Baranwal would significantly enhance the warship gon in October, during the latter’s visit to Executive Vice President and submarine construction capability of Washington, D.C. to attend the annual meet- (Planning & Business Development) the shipyard. Haskoning Nederland B.V., ings of the IMF and the World Bank. Jaitley Rohit Goel world renowned consultants in the field has accepted the invitation. Apart from his Administration & Circulation Bharti Sharma of marine construction, were appointed as meeting with Jaitley, Secretary Hagel also CNS Admiral R.K. Dhowan inaugurated a new [email protected] consultant for this project. Six state-of-the- called upon the Prime Minister Narendra state-of-the-art “Very Low Frequency (VLF)” Creative Director art submarines are being built at MDL with Modi. Earlier in the day, Secretary Hagel met transmitting station at INS Kattaboman, Anoop Kamath collaboration with DCNS France and are to the External Affairs Minister Sushma Swaraj Tirunelvelli, Tamil Nadu on July 31. This new Design be delivered by September 2016. and National Security Advisor Ajit Doval. facility would provide a boost to the Navy’s Vimlesh Kumar Yadav, Sonu Singh Bisht ability to communicate with deployed ships Research Assistant: Graphics Indo-US Defence CoOperation Exercise Indra 2014 and submarines on an uninterrupted basis Survi Massey throughout the year. India is among a hand- Sales & Marketing ful of nations in the world that has such a Director Sales & Marketing: Neetu Dhulia capability. VLF radio waves are used for com- General Manager: Rajeev Chugh municating with submarines that are under- SP’s Website water and the Indian Navy has been oper- Sr. Web Developer: Shailendra P. Ashish ating a similar facility for the last 24 years. Web Developer: Ugrashen Vishwakarma The new facility incorporates cutting edge Published bimonthly by Jayant Baranwal on behalf technology and will provide the Navy sig- of SP Guide Publications Pvt Ltd. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may nificantly enhanced reach, redundancy and be reproduced, stored in a retrieval operational features. The new facility equip- system, or transmitted in any form or by any ment has been constructed by M/s Larsen & means, photocopying, recording, electronic, US Secretary of Defense Chuck Hagel was Ships of the Eastern Fleet of the Indian Turbo divisions in Chennai and Bengaluru. or otherwise without the prior written on a three-day visit to India from 7-9 Navy, viz., Shivalik, Ranvijay and Shakti, permission of the publishers. August. Delegation level talks were held on under the Command of Rear Admiral Atul Surveillance Systems in Coastal Areas Printed in India by Kala Jyothi Process Pvt Ltd August 8 between Arun Jaitley and Chuck Kumar Jain, Flag Officer Commanding East- Defence Minister Arun Jaitley, in a writ- Hagel. With co-development and co-pro- ern Fleet, arrived at Vladivostok on July 14 ten reply in the Lok Sabha stated that 46 © SP Guide Publications, 2014 duction of defence products in mind, India as a prelude to Exercise Indra 2014, where radar stations have been approved in 13 Subscription/ Circulation ` they were given a ceremonial welcome. coastal states/UTs. Out of the 46 radar sta- Annual Inland: 600 • Overseas: US$180 E-mail: [email protected] The major aim of the visit was strengthen- tions, work on 44 stations is complete. On [email protected] >> SHOW CALENDAR ing and development of friendly relations the remaining two sites, work at the Sagar Letters to the Editor between the navies of the two countries island site has been delayed due to cyclone [email protected] 29 September–1 October and conduct of joint naval exercise Indra Phailin and at Narcondumisland, the Minis- For Advertising Details, Contact: Maritime Reconnaissance and Surveillance 2014. The Russian Navy was represented try of Environment and Forest has denied [email protected] Crowne Plaza Rome - St. Peter’s, by guided-missile cruiser Varyag, destroyer permission for setting up of the radar sta- [email protected] Rome, Italy Bystry, large landing craft Peresvet along tion there. Alternate site has been identi- SP GUIDE PUBLICATIONS PVT LTD www.maritimerecon.com with supply vessels. Air assets of the Pacific fied at Brichganj Military Station, Port Blair. POSTAL ADDRESS 30 September–2 October Fleet and Indian Navy also took part. Further, in order to achieve near gap-free Corporate Office Offshore Patrol Vessels Indra series of exercises are carried with surveillance along the coastline, the Gov- A 133 Arjun Nagar, Opp Defence Colony, New Delhi 110 003, India The Radisson Blu Royal Hotel, the aim of training in carrying out joint ernment has also accorded approval for Tel: +91(11) 24644693, 24644763, 24620130 Dublin, Ireland operations. The exercised was carried out establishment of radar stations at 38 addi- Fax: +91 (11) 24647093 www.offshorepatrolvessels.com in two phases from July 14 to 19. During tional sites as Phase-II of the project. SP Regd Office 6–9 October the first phase the two navies undertook Fax: +91 (11) 23622942 planning and training for joint operations. Maritime Security Challenges (MSC) 2014 Appointments E-mail: [email protected] Victoria, BC, Canada This was followed by sea phase from July Representative Offices www.mscconference.com 17 to 19, off Peter the Great Bay in the Sea BENGALURU, INDIA Air Chief Marshal Arup of Japan. Joint missile-artillery strikes on Air Marshal B.K. Pandey (Retd) 27–31 October Raha takes over as Chair- surface and air targets were also planned. 204, Jal Vayu Vihar, Kalyan Nagar, Euronaval 2014 man Chief of Staff Com- Bengaluru 560043, India. The first Indo-Russian bilateral naval exer- Paris Le Bourget, France mittee (COSC): Chief of Air Tel: +91 (80) 23682204 cise was conducted in May 2003 and since www.euronaval.fr Staff, Air Chief Marshal Arup MOSCOW, RUSSIA then seven exercises have been held. 5–8 November Raha took over as the Chairman, COSC LAGUK Co., Ltd, Yuri Laskin Krasnokholmskaya, Nab., INDO DEFENCE 2014 on July 30. He received the baton of I mo commends Indian Coast Guard 11/15, app. 132, Moscow 115172, Russia. Jakarta International Expo (PRJ) Chairman, COSC from outgoing Chief of officer for bravery Tel: +7 (495) 911 2762, Kemayoran, Jakarta, Indonesia Army Staff, General Bikram Singh at a Fax: +7 (495) 912 1260 A subordinate Officer of the Indian Coast www.indodefence.com brief ceremony in the South Block. Chief Guard, Uttam Adhikari Mahavir Singh has www.spguidepublications.com of Naval Staff and other senior Principal www.spsnavalforces.com 12–13 November been commended by the International Coastal Surveillance 2014 Staff Officers of all three Services and Maritime Organisation (IMO) for display of RNI Number: DELENG/2008/25836 Marina Bay Sands, Singapore Integrated Defence Staff were present exceptional bravery at sea while assisting www.coastalsurveillancemda.com on the occasion. An ardent supporter in the firefighting operations on board mer- of Tri-Services Joint-manship, he was 2-5 December chant vessel Mol Comfort, thus avoiding a instrumental in harmonising the efforts Exponaval 2014 pollution incident. On June 17, 2013, Mol of the three Services in matters related Base Aeronaval, Viña del Mar, Concon, Comfort, whilst en route from Singapore to V Region, Valparaiso, Chile to joint operation, training, perspective Jeddah, was experienced flooding onboard www.exponaval.cl planning and force structuring. due to a crack in her hull. Subsequently

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