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Page 4  Lead story Navy’s Quest for Modernisation photograph:

Indian Navy’s Khanderi stealth

Under the plan, the Navy aims to have a force level of 200 ships, 500 aircraft and 24 attack . At present, the Navy has around 132 ships, 220 aircraft and 15 submarines. Lt General Naresh Chand (Retd)

Page 7 Maritime Surveillance

INS Vikramaditya, flagship of the Indian Navy

Sikorsky MH-60R - likely to be signed for Indian Navy under FMS

With the centre of gravity of conflict veering towards the , the requirement of maritime surveillance of the Indian Navy (IN) is in more limelight. Indian Navy: Lt General P.C. Katoch (Retd) Page 8 A Formidable Blue Water Action Stations: Submarine Battle Ahead Force in the Making

India needs a modern Navy to protect its maritime interests and shoulder additional responsibilities, particularly in the current geo-political and security situation that prevails in the Indian Ocean region

n Saloni Salil Given the geopolitical nuances in the This stands true even in the 21st century. The Indian Navy, a partner in progress, Navantia S-80 Plus-class submarine Indian Ocean, the Indian Navy needs to he Indian Navy, which is transform itself into a builder’s navy and has been shouldering the aspirations of a Vishal Thapar analyses how the Project 75(I) the principle manifestation of achieve nation building through shipbuild- New India, a young nation, on the move competition is poised after the shortlisting India’s maritime power, aims to ing. What is left to be witnessed is, will transforming itself into a modern nation. of contenders and points out the pitfalls that govern two oceans, the Indian the Indian Navy become a formidable blue The commanding heights that the Indian may be encountered ahead, as India ambi- Ocean as well the Pacific. It has water force to reckon with in the future. Ocean enjoys is well known — Admiral tiously seeks to leverage this programme to Tbeen making untiring efforts to augment Prime Minister while Alfred T. Mahan highlighted strategic gain submarine-building autonomy. its naval prowess. However, its efforts addressing the nation on 2019, importance of the Indian Ocean in these Vishal Thapar have been hinged by various impediments rightly took us back to the history of words, whoever attains maritime suprem- such as budgetary constraints, Indian mili- the Chola Kingdom. The Chola Navy was acy in the Indian Ocean would be a promi- Plus tary industry facing several structural considered one of the strongest navy of nent player on the international scene. dysfunctionalities, thereby, retarding the its time and one of the major reasons Just like the seas, geopolitical environ- News in Brief 11 Indian Navy modernisation ambitions. behind the Chola’s economic supremacy. ment has constant change in its nature

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2001_GA-ASI_SPs Naval Forces DefExpo_P04615.indd 1 1/20/20 11:56 AM  lead story

The lead article is by an eminent ing a ‘Net Security Provider’. maritime surveillance is included tions for finals received by us are Geopolitics and Security analyst India has entered the 21st which gives out current capabili- amongst the highest by a pub- who traces the evolution of the century with a small but formi- ties and future requirements. lishing company, which includes Indian Navy to its ‘Blue Water dable regional naval posture. The year started with a bang global leaders and heavyweights. Avatar’ and what challenges are An article is thus included which for acquisition when the Defence Details of the nominations can be likely to be faced in the future. gives an overview of the mod- Acquisition Council (DAC) seen on pages 6 and 7 inside. The Indian Navy is the principal ernisation plans for upgrading approved a three-way competi- As usual this issue ends manifestation of India’s mari- Indian Navy’s presence in the tion among the private sector with the News Digest and Flag time power and aims to govern IOR and the Pacific. The Navy L&T and the public sector Maza- Postings. DefExpo 2020 is being two oceans, the Indian Ocean aims to have a force level of 200 gon Dock Limited and Hindustan held at Lucknow from February as well the Pacific. Thus, the ships, 500 aircraft and 24 attack for the $6.3 billion Indian 5-8 and as usual SP Guide Pub- Indian Navy stands as a strong submarines. At present, the Navy Navy programme to build six new lications will have presence. Do pillar in guarding our national has around 132 ships, 220 air- diesel-electric submarines under meet us at Hall 3 Stall Q47 in interest at home and abroad. craft and 15 submarines. In the Project 75 (India). This is a land- case you are there.

EDITORIAL The author makes a strong case article on modenisation, IN has mark project aimed at building We wish you discerning for the timely expansion of the the vision of transforming from a up indigenous submarine design readers happy reading and a Indian Navy. Currently the Navy buyer’s navy to a builder’s navy. capability for future programmes. very Happy 2020. has a presence in the IOR in 19 With the centre of gravity of Read all about it in an ‘in-depth’ locations but this has to be aug- conflict veering towards the IOR, analysis of the programme. mented with a stronger presence the requirement of maritime sur- SP Guide Publications is as India’s role in the region is veillance of the Indian Navy is in proud to share that 7 articles by globally recognised and is seen focus. China’s moves to establish our journalists, in four categories, as a protector of the regional bases in the IOR, its nexus with have been shortlisted for finals in order particularly as it pertains to Pakistan including PLA troops the upcoming Aerospace Media maintaining open sea lanes and and marines based in Pakistan Awards - Asia. These are the most the freedom of navigation and indicates China’s aggressive prestigious awards in Aerospace Jayant BaranwaL picking up the baton of becom- intentions. Thus an article on Media and the number of nomina- Publisher & Editor-in-Chief

GRAPHIC: SP’s Design and the Indian Ocean region stands at the center of it. From the Malacca Straits dilemma in the east to penetrating ter- India’s Presence in the Indian Ocean rorism and the brewing middle east crisis Myanmar between the and Iran in the (construction of Chabahar (construction of Sittwe Port, west; furthermore, rapid militarisation and Port, submarine training) export of weapons) nuclearisation of the region. These issues are further compounded by weak capacity UAE Thailand (political, economic and military) amongst (cooperation with India’s oil reserves) Bangladesh (joint patrol, Naval training) the littorals to manage their affairs, current (financial aid forA ir Force) situation between in India and Pakistan is a Oman boiling pot; and the most pressing issue of Malaysia (permission for Indian Navy (joint patrol, Air Force all, is the sense of a rising tide of Chinese use of the port of Duqm) training) influence that, it feels, now extends all the way into India’s backyard and beyond its INDIA Singapore extended neighbourhood, especially mak- (Indian base on Assumption (joint exercises, joint patrols, ing inroads into vulnerable nations through Island (pending), provision of leasing of training ground) its economic heft and land grab strategies. patrol boats, training) The increasing presence of China’s Peo- Indonesia ple’s Liberation Army Navy (PLAN) in and (joint patrol, repairing of around Indian ocean, coupled with the rise (naval communication facility, (export of patrol fighter jets) boats) of the home-grown Indian Navy and the US provision of patrol boats, training) naval dominance over the global commons, Australia has brought about a ‘strategic maritime tri- (joint exercises, joint infrastructure (provision of development, security cooperation angle’ in the Indian Ocean. Madagascar (naval communication facility, patrol planes Andaman Nicobar with the US, Japan, , As Hew Strachan says “Geography permission for Indian Navy and helicopters, Islands (modernisation India and Indonesia etc) shapes Strategy and strategy is the choices use of port) training) of bases) that one makes in the face of constraint”, the current milieu in the IOR is a multi-fac- Reunion Island, France Diego Garcia island, US (UK) Cocos Island, eted interaction of numerous factors and (permission for Indian Navy (permission for Indian Navy Australia India, by virtue of its centrality and strate- use of base) use of base) gic vantage point at the heart of the Indian Ocean Region, though has great leverage, is at the locus of many of the world’s most pressing geopolitical developments. eastward advancement strategy. The Indian sion ready ships and aircrafts will be of view but has also become a staging post Thus, the Indian Navy, which is the Naval forces are playing a more pro-active deployed year-round along critical Sea for India’s HADR efforts. INS Kohassa has principle manifestation of India’s Maritime role in the Indian Ocean now and has been Lanes of Communication and Choke Points been commissioned in Northern Andaman power stands as a strong pillar in guarding expanding the scope of its engagement in in the Indian Ocean to maintain vigil. as Navy’s third aviation centre. The Indian our national interest at home and abroad. the Indian Ocean. The Navy is striving to address the government has setup listening posts and Therefore, it’s time that the sea power of Indian Navy’s role is not limited to capability voids in areas such as aircraft established Naval surveillance facilities in India be augmented and thus, makes a securing our coastline, maritime terrorism, carriers, tankers, landing platform docks, Madagascar and Mauritius. strong case for the timely expansion of piracy, human and contraband traffick- mine countermeasures vessels, subma- For domain awareness, the establish- Indian Navy. ing, illegal and unregulated fishing, arms rines and integral helicopters. We are also ment of Information Fusion Centre (IFC) running and poaching pose myriad chal- enhancing our surveillance capabilities based at Indian Navy’s Information Man- Indian Navy’s Outreach and lenges to maritime safety and security in through induction of long-range maritime agement and Analysis Centre at Gurgaon. Modernisation Plans: What Have We the region. Response to these challenges reconnaissance aircraft, integral helicop- The IFC is to enhance maritime security Achieved So Far – requires enhanced situational awareness ters and high-altitude long-endurance air- and will share real-time vessel informa- The Indian Government and the Navy have of the maritime activities in the region so craft or remotely piloted aircraft. The focus tion of interest with friendly nations on made untiring efforts to amplify the naval as to enable security agencies function has been to augment capability through white-shipping. prowess in the past decade. India needs a effectively. The Indian Navy has been pro- induction of modern platforms, weapons The Indian Navy has been making modern Navy to protect its maritime inter- active in Human Assistance and Disaster and sensors. strides in the formation of combat capa- ests and shoulder additional responsibili- Risk Management by deploying its ships Apart from setting up a Tri-service bilities and construction of weapons and ties, particularly in the current geo-politi- for evacuation of Indian Diaspora and also command in the Andaman and Nicobar equipment in recent years. As per Mari- cal and security situation that prevails in assistance during natural disasters. The Islands, there is a proposal to roll out a 10 time Capability Perspective Plan, the Indian the Indian Ocean region. number of Port calls, visits and participa- year plan to create facilities for additional Navy aims to have 200 ships, 500 aircraft The aim of the expansion plan of Indian tion in Maritime Exercises with Interna- troops, warships, aircraft and drones on and 24 attack submarines, they said. At Navy is to govern two oceans, The Indian tional partners has also increased tremen- the islands, strengthening the existing present, the Navy has around 132 ships, Ocean as well as the Pacific (Indo-Pacific dously. The Indian Navy has also approved military facilities. Andaman and Nicobar construct) and thus, India has enhanced its mission based deployment whereby mis- is not only important from strategic point Continued on page 10...

1/2020 3  MODERNISATION Navy’s Quest for Modernisation

Under the plan, the Navy aims to have a force level of 200 ships, 500 aircraft and 24 attack submarines. At present, the Navy has around 132 ships, 220 aircraft and 15 submarines

photograph: Indian Navy n Lt General Naresh Chand (Retd) integrate modern design and stealth features such as radar suppression screens he April 2019 Naval Com- and deck fittings with no radar signature. manders Conference focused MDL and GRSE have signed a contract with on significant aspects of force Limited for Israel Aircraft accretion and modernisation. Industry’s seven Barak-8 air defence missile During the deliberations it systems in September 2018. MDL has also Temerged that the Indian Navy (IN) is work- contracted Fincantieri to provide technical ing on a mega plan to significantly boost assistance for the Project 17A. its operational capability by inducting new warships, submarines and aircraft besides Project 15A Kolkata Class expanding its overall influence in the stra- The Kolkata-class guided missile destroy- tegic maritime zones. Under the plan, the ers are the new stealth destroyers built Navy aims to have a force level of 200 by MDL for the IN, under Project 15A. The ships, 500 aircraft and 24 attack subma- destroyers are preceded by Type 15 - rines. At present, the Navy has around class destroyers and succeeded by the 132 ships, 220 aircraft and 15 submarines. Project 15B destroyers. The first During the October 2019 conference, CNS was commissioned in August 2014 and the Admiral Karambir Singh, while highlight- third one November 2016. They are named ing various key issues, also drew atten- INS Kolkata, INS and INS . tion to the critical capability voids. He also focused on the requirement of three The Project 15B class of Guided Missile aircraft carriers so that at least one opera- Destroyers tional carrier is available at any given time. Project 15B is a variant of the Kolkata-class He stressed that the capability gaps are destroyers which are being built by MDL. Fourth Anti Submarine Warfare (ASW) of Project-28, christened ‘Kavaratti’ required to be made up, especially in light The contract for the construction of four of the increasing mandate of the IN in the Project 15B destroyers was signed in Janu- Indian Ocean Region. Indian Naval Indigenisation Plan (INIP) but Assisted Recovery (STOBAR). “IAC-I is ary 2011. The keel for the first Project 15B 2015-2030 expected to join the Navy in October 2020. ship, named INS (D 66), Revised Maritime Security and The recently released Indian Naval Indi- All trial schedules have been worked out. was laid in October 2013 and the vessel Strategic Perspective genization Plan (INIP) 2015-2030 has also We are going to sign advanced contracts was launched in April 2015. The keel laying The force level of any navy depends encouraged domestic industries includ- with Limited very soon,” ceremony of second destroyer in class, INS directly upon its role and the perceived ing Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Commodore J. Chowdhary, the Indian Mormugao (D 67), was held in June 2015 and threat. Based on these key aspects the IN (MSMEs) to participate in construction of Navy’s Principal Director of Naval Design, the vessel was launched during September came out with a White Paper on ‘Maritime ships and associated naval equipment. said in January 2019. 2016. The first ship is expected to join the IN Security and Strategic Perspective’. This IAC-2. India’s second indigenous air- by 2021 and the remaining three ships will was later on revised and called ‘Revised Recently completed and current projects craft carrier (IAC-2), INS Vishal, is still be delivered at the rate of one per. The P-15B Maritime Security and Strategic Perspec- awaiting approval of the government. As ship retains the hull form of Kolkata-class tive’. Briefly it states that, “The revised Indian (IAC) Project-71 per RFP, IAC-2 will have a displacement and features a stealthier flush deck and strategy has been titled ‘Ensuring Secure IAC-1. The keel of India’s first indigenously of 65,000 tonnes and 300 m length and is advanced weapon systems. Designed indig- Seas: Indian Maritime Security Strategy’, built IAC-1 christened as INS Vikrant was planned to have Catapult Take Off, Barrier enously by the DND, the vessels will offer in recognition of two key aspects. First, laid on February 28, 2009 at Cochin Ship- Arrested Recovery (CATOBAR). improved survivability, sea keeping and high the rise in sources, types and intensity yard Limited (CSL). With this Project India manoeuvrability. With state-of-the-art weap- of threats, with some blurring of tradi- joined the elite club of nations in the world Project 17 Shivalik Class ons and sensor package, the destroyers will tional and non-traditional lines, requires capable of designing and constructing an Shivalik Class stealth frigates are multi- be one of the world’s most technologically a seamless and holistic approach towards Air Craft Carrier. INS Vikrant became the role stealth craft built for IN by Mazagon advanced guided missile destroyers. maritime security. Second, in order to Country’s most prestigious and largest Dock Shipbuilders Limited (MDL). The DND provide ‘freedom to use the seas’ for warship project. CSL has been mandated to formed the initial design for the Project 17 Project 1135.6 Frigates India’s national interests, it is necessary build the IAC for the IN. The basic design of Class frigates and the final design was devel- The Indian MoD on January 30, 2019 stated to ensure that the seas remain secure. the Air Craft Carrier was carried out by the oped by MDL. These are the first indigenous that an Inter-Governmental Agreement The expanded outlook, reflected in the Indian Navy’s Directorate of Naval Design warships to be built with stealth features. (IGA) between India and the Russian Federa- title, also takes into account the addi- (DND). The design was further developed The lead ship of this class is named ‘Shiva- tion was concluded on October 15, 2016, for tional mandate of the IN, which has been by the design team of CSL. The ship has lik’, followed by ‘Satpura’ and ‘Sahyadri’. construction of additional Project 1135.6 entrusted with the responsibility for over- attained its designed length of about 260 All the ships have been commissioned and Follow-on ships in India, at Goa Shipyard all maritime security, including coastal m and is almost at its maximum breadth their designing and manufacture has given Limited (GSL). In line with the IGA, the Gov- and offshore security.” of 60 m and is designed for Short Take Off valuable experience for further projects. ernment signed a contract for construction of two ships with GSL to-date, with sched- Indian Navy’s Maritime Capability Project 17A Nilgiri Class uled delivery in June 2026 and December Perspective Plan (MCPP) The expanded outlook takes Project 17A Nilgiri-class stealth frigates are 2026 respectively. The Follow-on P 1135.6 The IN’s present force level comprises into account the additional being built by MDL and Garden Reach Ship- series of frigates are customised to meet about 150 ships and submarines. The builders & Engineers (GRSE) for the IN. The the IN’s specific requirements, are potent Indian Navy’s perspective-planning in mandate of the Indian Navy, Indian Ministry of Defence (MoD) received platforms, with a mission span covering the terms of ‘force-levels’ is now driven by a approval from the Cabinet Committee on entire spectrum of naval warfare. The ships conceptual shift from ‘numbers’ of plat- which has been entrusted Security to develop warships under the would carry highly sophisticated and state- forms to the one that concentrates upon Project 17A in September 2012. The MoD of-art indigenous weapon systems and sen- ‘capabilities’. In terms of force accretions with the responsibility for signed shipbuilding contracts with MDL and sors such as sonar system, BrahMos missile in the immediate future, the IN is acquiring GRSE in February 2015.In December 2017, system, Combat Management System etc. ships in accordance with the IN’s current overall maritime security, the keel-laying ceremony of the first stealth MCPP which targets a force level of about INS Nilgiri (12651) was held at MDL. Project 28 ASW 200 ships by 2027. The IN has the vision including coastal and The ship was launched in September 2019 Four Kamorta Class indigenous Anti-sub- of transforming it from a buyer’s navy to offshore security and is expected to be delivered in 2022. A marine Warfare (ASW) corvettes are being a builder’s navy. The Navy is also looking total of seven frigates have been ordered built by GRSE for the IN. The Kamorta Class towards the private shipbuilders to acceler- out of which four will be constructed by succeeds the Kora-Class guided-missile cor-

www.spsnavalforces.com ate the production rate. MDL and three by GRSE. The Project 17A vettes that are in service with the IN. The lead

4 1/2020  Marketing feature

RUSSIAN-INDIAN COOPERATION

Presently, Joint Stock Company “Central Design Bu- reau for Marine Engineering “Rubin” (JSC CDB ME Rubin) is a diversified design bureau – the leader in the field of concept development, design, project management, life-cycle support for multi-purpose naval equipment: submarines, technical facilities for offshore oil and gas field development, underwater robotic systems and floating power generating systems. CDB ME Rubin is a part of the United Shipbuilding Corporation that consol- idates most of the design bureaus, and other enterprises related to Russian shipbuilding industry. One of the most important areas of activity of CDB ME Rubin is military and technical cooperation. CDB ME Rubin has been engaged in this activity for over sixty years. Over 110 submarines designed by Rubin were de- livered to 15 countries. At present, export deliveries of submarines are going on successfully along with execu- tion of a large work package on maintenance of earlier delivered submarines. For several decades CDB ME Rubin and Indian Navy have been engaged in a special and privileged partnership. Diplomatic relations between the USSR and India were established in 1947, which currently have grown Submarine Vladikavkaz of upgraded project 877 is currently operated by the into strategic partnership based on commonality of na- willing to successfully develop this principle of partner- ship Amur-1650 equipped with AIP and powerful torpe- tional interests and mutual respect. ship in the 21 century. do-missile complex Club-S that is a major advantage of On the 1st of September 1965, the Indian MoD has always paid a lot of attention to the project. and the Republic of India signed the first contract for optimization of submarine force levels. The Russian side confirms that it is possible to the delivery of naval equipment: four Project I641 die- Nowadays, a major programme related to optimi- meet the requirements of the Indian Navy specified for sel-electric submarines, five Project 159E corvettes and zation and conduct of second mid-life refits of Project this submarine. five Project 368P motor boats. The agreement also en- 877EKM submarines both in and in India is being In addition, transfer of technologies and indigeni- visaged rendering Soviet technical assistance for the successfully undertaken. zation by Indian companies are the priorities to be met construction of submarine naval base in Vishakhapat- Along with that, the Russian side is ready to pro- during implementation of Project P-75(I). CDB ME Rubin nam. pose and implement delivery of advanced submarines has gained vast experience in development of different The first four submarines of Project I641 were de- of Project 636 to Indian partners within short time classes of submarines and collaboration with equip- livered to India from 1967 to 1969. These were the first frames to enhance combat capabilities of the submarine ment developers, manufacturers and scientific organi- submarines built in our country under a special export force, should there be a request from the Indian Navy. zations, which come up with cutting-edge solutions for order. It is pertinent to note that India was the first to Well-proven technologies of construction, well-estab- construction of modern submarines, and so it is ready become a foreign customer for whom ships were con- lished cooperation of equipment suppliers ensure con- to offer latest approaches to ensure utilization of this structed based on dedicated export designs. Before that, struction of these submarines within short time frames, experience to the maximum extent possible. only “standard” ships and motorboats had been deliv- which has been proven by series deliveries of similar We believe that the optimum way of cooperation ered to foreign countries. submarines for the Russian Navy. could be joint implementation of all the stages of devel- Later in 1972-1974, another four submarines of State-of-the-art conventional submarines, owing opment of Project 75 (I) submarines by the sides, includ- improved Project I641K were built for India. to their relatively small dimensions, are considered to ing design, development and manufacture of required From 1986 to 2000, India received ten Project be complex engineering objects that meet extremely equipment, construction and subsequent maintenance 877EKM diesel-electric submarines built in Russia. The stringent requirements and therefore very few countries throughout the life cycle. Russia is one of the few coun- delivery of these boats definitively made India the larg- can afford them. tries that has in its possession all design technologies est buyer of Russian submarines. The last submarine of Undoubtedly, India, due to a well-developed in- for various ships and this diversified experience might the series –Sindhushastra – was built based on a mod- dustrial base and high scientific capability, should have be useful to the Indian Navy. ified design and was the first boat to be equipped with indigenous submarines built by Indian shipyards for the CDB ME Rubin is always ready for development the Club-S missile complex. Indian Navy. of fruitful cooperation with Indian MoD, as well as with It should be noted that in the course of Indo-Rus- Our company fully supports Projects P-75(I) state-owned and private Indian companies and yards. sian cooperation that goes on for over 50 years, our planned for implementation by Indian MoD. CDB ME country has always offered the most state-of-the-art Rubin closely cooperates with the Indian Naval Head- For more information you are welcome to visit site naval equipment to the Indian mariners and Russia is quarters for this Project and offers a modern low-noise www.ckb-rubin.ru

Saint Petersburg is the lead submarine in a series of advanced conventional submarines of Project Rubin offers low-noise submarine Amur-1650 for India’s Project P-75(I) tender 677 (Lada class)

1/2020 5  MODERNISATION

corvette INS Kamorta, was commissioned The Navy will need more than On June 20, 2019, Expression of Interest borne, naval, and land-based platforms as into the IN in August 2014. The second ves- (EOI) was issued for shortlisting of potential a minimum nuclear deterrent. In order to sel, INS Kadmatt, was commissioned into ser- one SSBN to be effective. India Indian Strategic Partners (SPs) for P 75(I). All gain experience in operating nuclear sub- vice in January 2016 and the third INS Kiltan six submarines will be built in India by the marines, a Russian Charlie-class nuclear- was commissioned in October 16, 2017. The plans to have a total of six selected Indian SP in collaboration with the powered cruise missile submarine was last ship INS Kavaratti, was launched in May selected OEM. In addition, IN would have leased from Russia and served in the IN 2015 and is to be commissioned soon. SSBNs with the second one the option to manufacture six additional as INS Chakra from 1988 to 1991. In 2012, submarines under the project. The poten- India again inducted an Akula-II class SSN Mines Counter Measures Vessels named INS Arighat has already tial SPs are expected to respond to the EOI on a ten-year lease. The first submarine As per media reports India is soon expected been launched and is expected within two months. Media reported that Arihant was launched in 2009 and commis- to float a fresh RFP to build 12 mine-counter three Indian shipyards- L&T, MDL and HSL sioned in August 2016. The Navy will need measure vessels (MCMVs), in collaboration to be commissioned by 2021 are expected to respond to the EOI. The next more than one SSBN to be effective thus it with a foreign shipyard under a projected step would be to issue the RFP to the short- is reported that India plans to have a total cost of `32,640 crore (about $4.5 billion). listed companies. Five leading foreign manu- of six SSBNs with the second one named GSL has been nominated to collaborate with facturers of submarine i.e. Navantia’s S-80, INS Arighat has already been launched and the selected foreign collaborator. No head- ThyssenKrupp’s Type 214, Rubin’s Amur, is expected to be commissioned by 2021. way has been made so far and the existing Germany’s ThyssenKrupp Marine Systems Naval Group’s Scorpene and Daewoo’s KSS- In addition, the IN has reported to have mine sweepers are at the end of their life. (TKMS) has been contracted by MDL to 3. are expected to respond to the EOI. already begun construction of two to four It was also reported that the IN has signed upgrade two Shishumar-class submarines more Arihant-class submarines of progres- a `306 crore ($42 Million) deal with Thales for `410 crore (about $0.05 billion) contract. Programme sively larger configurations. It is reported Australia for eight mine counter-measure Advanced Technology Vessel (ATV) subma- that India is also negotiating for a ten-year clip-on influence sweeps to equip its fast Submarine Force Accretion-Project 75(I) rine programme was the first baby steps lease of a Russian Project 971 Shchuka-B interceptor crafts scheduled to be delivered The Defence Acquisition Council, approved taken by India during 1983 to develop and class vessel at a cost of $3-billion that will in 2021-2022 as an interim measure. on January 31, 2019, the construction of six deploy nuclear submarines to act as India’s be customised and fitted with indigenous diesel-electric submarines with AIP at a cost sea-based nuclear deterrent, which is one communications systems and sensors. It is Shallow Water ASW Crafts of over `45,000, crores (about $6.3 billion). of the three legs of India’s triad of air- likely to be named Chakra-III. SP GRSE has signed with the MoD a contract for construction and supply of eight anti- submarine warfare shallow water crafts (ASWSWCs) for IN at a cost of `6,311.32 crore. The first craft is to be delivered within 42 months and the last by 84 months. Best Business Aviation submission Amphibious Capability For the First Time in 2019, Our Journalist: MoD has cleared during July 2018, four Ayushee Chaudhary Landing Platform Docks (LPD) at a cost of SP GUIDE PUBLICATIONS For the article: `20,000 crore (about $2.9 billion). LPDs are ships that help armed forces to transport offered its submissions to the organisers of “Coming Full Circle Pole to Pole in Less Than 48 Hours” troops, defence equipment, helicopters Aerospace Media Awards, Our publication: and amphibious vehicle into a war zone by a prestigious platform that offers the recognitions to the sea. IN already has INS Jalashwa (LPD) and BizAvIndia Best Propulsion submission five landing ship tanks (Large). Excellence in Journalism in the arena of Aerospace & Our Journalist: Fleet Support Ships Defence around the Globe. Our Journalist: Rohit Goel India had signed with Italian Shipbuilder Honoured in sharing the fact that a total of seven articles Sudhir Rajeshirke For the article: Fincantieri in 2008 for a fleet tanker with For the article: “Electrical Propulsion to Shake up Aviation” follow-on option of up to three tankers. written by SP GUIDE PUBLICATIONS’ journalists “6 Reasons Why it Benefits All” Our publication: IN has now exercised this option for one have been short listed as the follow-on ship. Meanwhile Hindustan Ship- Our publication: yard Limited (HSL) has selected Turkey’s Finalists in the categories of: SP’s Anadolu Shipyard to support the construc- Civil Aviation tion of five 45,000 tonne fleet support AIRBUZ ships for the IN. MoD has also approved Yearbook 2019 induction of five fleet support ships to be BEST BEST BEST BEST indigenously constructed. BUSINESS AVIATION MILITARY AVIATION MRO PROPULSION Best Military Aviation submission Our Journalist: SUBMISSION SUBMISSION SUBMISSION SUBMISSION Our Journalist: A.K. Sachdev Subsurface Vessels For the article: The Maritime Capability Perspective Plan S.B. P. Sinha (MCPP) launched in 2012, envisages at least For the article: “Engine leasing” 18 conventional submarines as compared to “India Finally Uses Military Option Against Our publication: 24 in 1997. However the completion of the Terrorists in Pakistan” Kalvari Class project and the final approval “It’s an honour for having been selected as at the least seven finalists Our publication: SP’s to build six additional diesel-electric subma- in at the least four categories by one of the most renowned and the rines with Air Independent Propulsion (AIP) most prestigious Aerospace Media Awards’ platform in the world. This SP’s aviation under Project 75 (India), when finalised, will leverage towards filling the chasm in the clearly reflects and reinstates our commitments towards Excellence aviation Our Journalist: existing and future combat power. through Enlightening, we have been following since last 56 years and are poised to rigorously following the same for coming years and Murali Sundaram Ongoing projects-Project 75 coming decades.” Best MRO submission For the article: Kalvari Class —JAYANT BARANWAL, EDITOR IN CHIEF, Our Journalist: “Sustainable Alternative Jet Fuels” INS Kalvari is the first of the six Scorpene CHAIRMAN & MANAGING DIRECTOR, SP GUIDE PUBLICATIONS Byron Bohlman Our publication: class submarines built under Project 75 For the article: which was commissioned on December 14, 2017. The second submarine INS Khanderi “MRO Asia Competition Heats Up” India 8 BizAv was commissioned on September 28, 2019. Our publication: At present Karanj and Vela are under con- 7 struction. The fifth submarine is named

INS Vagir and the sixth INS Vagsheer. The 6 AIRBUZ final delivery of the remaining submarines is planned by 2022. 5 number of short * The first Asia Aerospace Media Awards will be presented in Singapore on the evening of February 11, 2020, in conjunction with Singapore Airshow 2020. Life Extension and Refit listed finalists: 4 To overcome the voids in the combat capa- bility, the IN has resorted to upgrading SP GUIDE PUBLICATIONS 3 six of its submarines-four of Sindhughosh versus FOLLOWING CONSISTENTLY AND RELENTLESSLY class and two of Shishumar class under a 2 THE PATH OF EXCELLENCE IN ENLIGHTENING SINCE 56 YEARS Major Refit and Life Certification (MRLC) global leaders programme. In July 2018, Russia’s ship- 1 builder Zvezdochka and Larsen and Toubro announced their partnership on an upgrade 0 of four the Sindhughosh-class class subma- SP Guide FlightGlobal IHS Aviation

www.spsnavalforces.com rines at a cost of about `5,000 ($0.7 billion). Publications Jane’s Week Group

6 1/2020

SP's Land Forces 1-2020.indd 10-11 29/01/20 5:56 PM  Coastal Security Maritime Surveillance

n Lt General P.C. Katoch (Retd) of armed drones to India in June 2019 and cost around $3.1 billion and would also be for monitoring the Indian Ocean. The P-8I offered these to be equipped with required acquired under the FMS route post approval aircraft already occupy a pride of place in ith the centre of gravity missiles and other systems. Our media by the Cabinet Committee on Security (CCS) the IN and are deployed for a variety of of conflict veering towards reported in November that our Ministry of headed by the Prime Minister. Separately, operations, from submarine tracking to the Indian Ocean, the Defence (MoD) was moving towards deals the IN is also being equipped with 24 x MH- search and rescue (SAR) and even recon- requirement of maritime for procuring US defence equipment worth 60R Seahawk Anti-Submarine Helicopters naissance over land. The first batch of 8 x surveillance of the Indian some $7.5 billion including Sea Guardian from the US at a cost about $2.616 billion P-8I aircraft were ordered under a $2.1 bil- NavyW (IN) is in more limelight. China’s armed drones and naval spy planes. which includes accessories, spare parts, lion deal in 2009 and a follow on order for moves to establish bases in the Indian According to a government official a Let- technical support and maintenance facili- four was placed in 2016. P-8I aircraft that Ocean Region (IOR), its nexus with Pakistan ter of Request (similar to a Request for Pro- ties. The Seahawks are to be equipped with specialises in tracking and hunting down including PLA troops and marines based in posal - RFP) is expected to be issued to the cutting edge sonar and radar to detect sub- enemy submarines with lightweight torpe- Pakistan indicates China’s aggressive inten- US for a government-to-government deal marines travelling on the surface or just does and depth charges are also operated by tions. Chinese vessels have been snooping through the FMS route by February-March below the surface’ modern nuclear subma- the US and Australian navies, which operate in India’s EEZ especially in vicinity of the 2020. The other major deal in the pipeline rines travel just below the ocean surface to in coordination with India to keep track of Andaman and Nicobar Group of islands is the project for the acquisition of the 10 x get rid of exhaust fumes. ship movements. With the contract of 10 x (ANI), and movement of Chinese ships and P-8I anti-submarine warfare and long-range Presently, the IN is looking at procuring P-8I aircraft to be procured now, the Navy’s submarines in the Indian Ocean is on the surveillance aircraft which would be add- 30 x Sea Guardian unmanned aerial systems fleet of P-8I aircraft will go up to 22. This increase. The US administration under Pres- ing to the existing fleet of 12 such planes (UAS), and another Boeing 10 x P-8I Posei- will ensure these aircraft arrive early with ident Donald Trump had approved the sale in the IN. The P-8I planes are expected to don multi-mission maritime aircraft (MMA) continuous supply over the next four years, facilitating and compensation for older maritime reconnaissance assets of Russian origin retiring. The deal of 10 x P-8I aircraft reportedly includes a mandatory clause for at least 30 per cent offsets to domes- tic companies. The fleet of 22 x P-8I aircraft Best Business Aviation submission will help the IN maintain strong vigil over For the First Time in 2019, Our Journalist: a region that has seen increasing deploy- Ayushee Chaudhary ments by the Chinese Navy. An idea has now SP GUIDE PUBLICATIONS For the article: been thrown up that since the US Air Force (USAF) has proposed to discard two-thirds offered its submissions to the organisers of “Coming Full Circle Pole to Pole in Less Than 48 Hours” of its fleet of about 35 x RQ-4 Global Hawk Aerospace Media Awards, Our publication: drones, India should dump the move to pro- a prestigious platform that offers the recognitions to the cure the 30 x Sea Guardian UAS and 10 x BizAvIndia Best Propulsion submission Boeing P-8I aircraft and instead go for the Excellence in Journalism in the arena of Aerospace & discarded Global Hawk drones, the claim Our Journalist: being that up to 24 x Global Hawk drones Defence around the Globe. Our Journalist: Rohit Goel can be purchased within the same price as Honoured in sharing the fact that a total of seven articles Sudhir Rajeshirke For the article: being spent on 30 x Sea Guardian and 10 x For the article: “Electrical Propulsion to Shake up Aviation” P-8I. How this claim is made remains a mys- written by SP GUIDE PUBLICATIONS’ journalists tery unless US has intimated the sale price “6 Reasons Why it Benefits All” Our publication: have been short listed as the of the Global Hawks under discard. Our publication: There is no doubt USAF has proposed Finalists in the categories of: SP’s retiring some 21 of its 35 x RQ-4 Global Civil Aviation Hawk high-altitude drones, currently collect- AIRBUZ ing intelligence across the Middle East and Yearbook 2019 elsewhere, as part of a series of steep cuts BEST BEST BEST BEST to legacy programmes. But the real reason BUSINESS AVIATION MILITARY AVIATION MRO PROPULSION Best Military Aviation submission Our Journalist: why USAF wants to dump the RQ-4 Global SUBMISSION SUBMISSION SUBMISSION SUBMISSION Our Journalist: A.K. Sachdev Hawk is because Iran shot down one such drone over the Strait of Hormuz on June 20, For the article: S.B. P. Sinha 2019. According to Loren Thompson of the For the article: “Engine leasing” Lexington Institute, “It (RQ-4 Global Hawk) “India Finally Uses Military Option Against Our publication: was well suited to go against terrorists, Terrorists in Pakistan” but against a threat like China it just won’t “It’s an honour for having been selected as at the least seven finalists survive. Flying a Global Hawk over Chinese Our publication: SP’s in at the least four categories by one of the most renowned and the airspace would be suicidal. When a second- most prestigious Aerospace Media Awards’ platform in the world. This SP’s aviation rate power like Iran can shoot your weapon with its own indigenous missile, that’s not clearly reflects and reinstates our commitments towards Excellence a good sign for the future.” Therefore, it aviation Our Journalist: through Enlightening, we have been following since last 56 years and would be downright stupid for India to buy are poised to rigorously following the same for coming years and Murali Sundaram discarded RQ-4 Global Hawks instead of coming decades.” Best MRO submission For the article: new Sea Guardian drones and P-8I aircraft, —JAYANT BARANWAL, EDITOR IN CHIEF, Our Journalist: “Sustainable Alternative Jet Fuels” especially when the RQ-4 Global Hawk with a wingspan of 131 feet is easily spotted by CHAIRMAN & MANAGING DIRECTOR, SP GUIDE PUBLICATIONS Byron Bohlman Our publication: radar and has no defensive systems. For the article: Interestingly, Commercial Earth imag- “MRO Asia Competition Heats Up” India ing company Satellogic announced on 8 BizAv Our publication: December 19, 2019, that it has raised $50 million to help scale up its satellite con- 7 stellation; Chinese company Tencent and

Brazilian fund Pitanga contributed about 6 AIRBUZ 40 per cent of the funding, rest coming 5 from new investors. Satellogic has eight number of short * The first Asia Aerospace Media Awards will be presented in Singapore on the evening of satellites in orbit and plans to launch 16 February 11, 2020, in conjunction with Singapore Airshow 2020. listed finalists: 4 satellites in 2020, with the first two sched- uled to launch from China in mid-January. SP GUIDE PUBLICATIONS 3 India just launched its second ‘eye in the versus FOLLOWING CONSISTENTLY AND RELENTLESSLY sky’ — sharp-eyed surveillance satellite 2 THE PATH OF EXCELLENCE IN ENLIGHTENING SINCE 56 YEARS RISAT-2BR1 with synthetic aperture radar global leaders - a radar imaging satellite. Given the prow- 1 ess of ISRO, India must plan its own satel- lite constellation (using low-costing ISRO 0 satellites) focused on the India Ocean, in SP Guide FlightGlobal IHS Aviation addition to Navy’s maritime surveillance platforms under procurement. SP Publications Jane’s Week Group

1/2020 7

SP's Land Forces 1-2020.indd 10-11 29/01/20 5:56 PM  Submarines Action Stations: Submarine Battle Ahead

Vishal Thapar analyses how the Project 75(I) competition is poised after the shortlisting of contenders and points out the pitfalls that may be encountered ahead, as India ambitiously seeks to leverage this programme to gain submarine- building autonomy

photograph: Navantia n Vishal Thapar Navantia’s S-80 The first of the four S-80s ordered for the n January 31, India’s Spanish Armada should have been in the Defence Acquisition Coun- water in 2014-15 but it still hasn’t hit that cil (DAC) chaired by Defence milestone due to design and buoyancy Minister Rajnath Singh set issues. An American consultant finally the stage for the Project 75(I) helped Navantia to resolve the buoyancy Ocompetition by approving shortlists of problem posed by about 300 tonnes of contenders for the estimated $6.3 bil- excess weight by redesigning the subma- lion tender to build six AIP-fitted, missile rine to extend its length. firing diesel-electric submarines for the Also, Navantia doesn’t have a proven Indian Navy under the Strategic Partner- AIP yet. The first two S-80 boats will come ship Model. without an AIP. The third and fourth boats “The DAC approved shortlisting of will be fitted with an AIP, but the perfor- Indian Strategic Partners (SP) and the mance will be known not before 2024. potential Original Equipment Manufactur- Also, no clarity on which land attack ers (OEMs) that would collaborate with missile could be offered with the S-80 but SPs to construct six conventional subma- it may be the Harpoon. rines in India,” the Ministry of Defence While it did tie up with L&T to bid for announced in a statement. the Indian Navy LPD tender in the past, This is a landmark project aimed at Navantia lacks the background and experi- building up indigenous submarine design Navantia’s S-80 class submarine ence of the Russians, French and Germans capability for future programmes. in negotiating defence contracts in India. Indian hopefuls which have made the American-supplied Harpoon UGM-84 mis- trial eco system which could save Indus- cut are the Ministry of Defence-owned siles from torpedo tubes. trial costs and enable a low price bid. ToT RIDDLE & THE LONG ROAD AHEAD Mazagon Dock Limited (MDL) and the pri- ThyssenKrupp has the advantage of a The significant leverage which France The terms of the programme require trans- vate sector Larsen & Toubro. This is the long-standing relationship with India, the exercises over India as a time-tested stra- fer of ownership of submarine design to first time that an Indian private sector experience of transferring technology for tegic partner will also make the offer Scor- the Government of India, which seeks deep shipyard will get an opportunity to com- building two Type 209 Shishumar class pene Plus. transfer of technology to give it self-reli- pete in a major tender. submarines at Mazagon Dock in , ance in submarine design and development All five foreign OEMs which had and maintaining and upgrading four sub- Rubin’s Amur in the future. responded to the Indian Navy’s Expression marines for the Indian Navy. The Amur submarine is still work in prog- This would necessitate a stand-alone of Interest (EoI) have made it to a parallel And unlike the rival Scorpene of the ress, and it doesn’t have a proven AIP. contract between the Government of shortlist. These are Navantia of Spain Thys- French Naval Group, which is made only Known as the Lada in Russia, the first boat India and the OEM for transfer of design senKrupp Marine Systems of Germany, for export since the French Navy oper- faced development challenges and did not ownernship, besides the one between Rosoboronexport/Rubin of Russia, Naval ates only nuclear-powered submarines, the appear to have met the requirements of the the Government and the SP entity for Group of France and Daewoo Shipbuild- Type 209 and 214 are operarted by the Ger- Russian Navy. The second ‘Lada’, launched the purchase of submarines and another ing & Marine Engineering of South Korea. man Navy, giving the German shipbuilding in 2016, is intended to be the first opera- between the SP and the OEM for subma- SP’s Naval Forces had earlier exclusively complex more intimate stakes in the sub- tional submarine in its class with the Rus- rine construction and transfer of technol- reported that Saab of Sweden had pulled marines its develops. sian Navy. ogy. Observers closely associated with out of the competition. A proven submarine and a proven fuel Land-attack capability is proven with the discussions on Project 75(I) reckon the The Indian hopefuls would be required cell AIP work to its advantage. But this Klub missile on the Kilo class submarines of design alone could be worth billions, to negotiate with the shortlisted OEMs offer is not backed by the geopolitical heft the Indian Navy over a range of about 300 which could possibly push the aggregate to throw up the best offer for an even- of the type which beef up Russian and km. As India’s traditional and most trusted cost to $9-10 billion. tual two-way competition. The submarine French bids in India. military supplier, Russia exercises enor- There is also abundant skepticism design would be owned by the Government mous influence over its decision making. about the SP Industrial Model to deliver of India through a separate contract with Naval Group’s Scorpene+ the submarines. “Potentially, each of the the OEM involved in the winning bid. The Naval Group’s Mesma AIP technology Daewoo’s KSS-3 five shortlisted OEMs two separate bids India is not seeking a submarine off-the- is not fuel cell based. The Scalp missile The surprise package of this competition for partnership with MDL and L&T. This shelf, but the competition would be shaped brings with it a 1,000-km range land attack is the South Korean emergence. Building is a huge and very complex exercise, given by the existing or under development capability. blocks firmly in place after building the that the two shipyards have different submarines of the shortlisted OEMs. The The French offer has the advantage of Type 209 and Type 214 with deep transfer capabilities. This could take years,” cau- final product delivered to India would be a running Scorpene construction facility at of technology from Thyssenkrupp, Daewoo tions one seasoned inside. He reckons that a derivative of one of the five submarines MDL and around it an established Indus- has proven submarine capability which is due to the demands of the process, it will which represent what the contenders have reflected in the Indonesian order for the take at least a decade from now to deliver on offer. These are Navantia’s S-80, Thys- Type 209. It has now clearly emerged as the first boat. senKrupp’s Type 214, Rubin’s Amur, Naval The terms of the programme a rival to its German mentor for export Another concern is over compliance on Group’s Scorpene and Daewoo’s KSS-3. orders and is developing on its own the transfer of technology (ToT). “This has to While the final quality requirements require transfer of ownership more capable, 3000- KSS-3. be an evolutionary process. You can’t put will be reflected in the RFP, the Indian Daewoo is also taking a step beyond a cut-off date to it. Also, there need to be Navy has indicated the broad contours of of submarine design to the proven German AIP technology. It is clear yardsticks for measuring ToT. There the capabilities it seeks. This includes a the Government of India, developing a much improved lithium iron needs to be a model which will provide for fuel cell-based AIP and tube-launched land battery-based fuel cell AIP as against the reasonable audit and control. The Navy will attack missile on a submarine with a dive which seeks deep transfer traditional lead acid battery AIP. The Ger- have to be on board the entire Industrial displacement of over 2,000 tonnes. mans are following suit. process,” reckons an Industry veteran. Here’s how the five options measure up of technology to give it self- While Korean Type 209’s are report- But the “biggest hazard” of this pro- at the starting point of competition: edly armed with Harpoon missiles, there’s curement model is the L1 approach which reliance in submarine design no clarity on what it could offer for Project contenders will be forced to adopt in order ThyssenKrupp’s Type 214 75(I). Also, as a new entrant into the India’s to win, since all technical bids are expected The Type 214 is the only contender with and development in the future arms bazaar labyrinth, Daewoo does not to be compliant. “Deep transfer of technol- a proven fuel cell AIP. Both the Type 214 have the decade-long exposure to the Proj- ogy and the L1 approach can’t go together,”

SP www.spsnavalforces.com and its predecessor are capable of firing ect 75(I) environment. he warned.

8 1/2020 ADVERTORIAL

 Marketing feature

CLUB-T UPGRADED WITH ANTI-SHIP MISSILE

Strike complex CLUB incorporating both the anti-ship cruise missile with a supersonic combat stage and the land-attack missile has been pres- ent at the international arms market for about 20 years. At first the complex served to arm subma- rines (named CLUB-S); then its OEM modified the complex for various carriers, namely, for surface ships (CLUB-N), aircraft (CLUB-A), self-propelled vehicle of the coast defense complex CLUB-M. Though the placement of strike missiles on a mobile chassis was a natural step to involve new customers, currently there is no news neither on the contracts for the CLUB-M, nor on the plans of anybody to buy it. The probable reason is that the complex has proved monstrous since includes, besides the missile launchers per se, many sepa- rate functional units like mobile means of recon- naissance and targeting, of communication and control, of flight mission preparation, etc. This experience was minded while creating another offspring of the CLUB family, the CLUB-T, first shown by the NOVATOR design bureau at the GDA 2017 exhibition in December 2017 in Kuwait. As opposed to the predecessor, all the equip- Figure 1. The CLUB-T missiles combat use ment required for routing, for missile pre-launch preparation and launch, for communication, etc. is now placed on a self-propelled chassis togeth- er with six missiles in transport-and-launch can- isters. The option shown in Kuwait had only land attack missile (named 3M-14E1). Its combat use is similar to any other land-attack CLUB missile (see Fig.1). Since all the known CLUBs can attack both sea-surface and land targets using common both launcher and fire control system, it looks rea- sonable to include into the CLUB-T an anti-ship missile (designated 3M-54E2). It is being demon- strated by the CLUB-T OEM at the DEFEXPO-2020 exhibition. All the equipment necessary for this missile preparation and launch is also placed on the self-propelled chassis. For the missile com- bat use diagram, also see Fig.1. The main features of the CLUB-T complex mis- siles are as follows: - takeoff mass – 1700 kg, - warhead mass – 450 kg, - flight speed at cruise – about 240 m/sec, - flight altitude: • over land from 50 m (for surface skimming) to 2000 (to fly over mountains) • over sea 20m (on the route), 5 m (before Figure 2. The CLUB-T features target) firing accuracy: • land targets – maximum miss 50 m • sea targets – direct hit

The customer may order either two differ- ent missiles or a bit more costly universal mis- sile to attack both land and sea-surface targets. To include an anti-ship missile into the CLUB-T complex is a way to considerably improve its marketability. The complex design ensures such important features like high mobility, autono- mous and simple operation with minimum num- ber of combat units resulting in minimum expens- es for the complex acquisition and exploitation. The successful combat use of the KALIBR complex was favorable also to its export version, the CLUB. The availability of such weapon would make any aggressor think twice. For the country not having enough resources for powerful Navy, having the CLUB-T would safeguard its sea and land border. KALIBR complex was successfully employed during anti-terrorist campaign in Syria

1/2020 9  Marketing feature ARKTIKA: UNIQUE EXPERIENCE AND POTENTIAL

Northern Production Association Arktika The Company has central factory laboratory featuring (member of United Shipbuilding Corporation) was the newest equipment enabling to hold all types of electri- founded in 1952. Main directions of activity are cal, climatic and mechanical tests. High technical activity wiring works, adjustment and tests of all electric level of the laboratory is confirmed by approval of Ministry systems and electrical equipment in warships un- of Defense of Russia, by recognition of the Russian Maritime der building and repair. There are already more than Registry of Shipping and Russian River Registry of Shipping. 200 of such ships, including diesel-electric subma- JSC “NPA “Arktika” has licenses, certificates and rines and aircraft-carrier Vikramaditya of Indian approvals for all types of its activity. Quality manage- Senior Service. Professionals perform adjustment, ment system efficiently functions according to re- service maintenance and repair of radio communi- quirements of standards. cations systems, radiolocation and radioreconnais- Oleg Loginov, General Director of Arktika said sance, television, navigation, hydroacoustics and that the Association is proud that huge experience, hydrolocation, automation of handling the torpedo unique equipment and professional staff help handling and missile weapon, ship mechanisms of protection serious challenges and solving all tasks which arise. Mr. and handling nuclear reactors. The company also Loginov confirmed that Company used extend scope develops and assembles unique optical-fiber cable of interests, develop various directions of activity and marine lines, manufactures and repairs ship electri- always ready for collaboration with new partners.

cal engineering: boards and control panels, hermet- NORTHERN PRODUCTION ASSOCIATION ic cable junctions, busbars, luminous-signal gears and other similar items. Besides, manufactured pro- duction is delivered to space centers Baikonur and Plesetsk. At present JSC “NPA “Arktika” takes part in con- struction engineering of nuclear submarines of the fourth generation, repair and modernization of the Admiral Nakhimov cruiser, the Admiral Kuznetsov aircraft carrier. The Association is actively working on opening regional production branches in Russia. The creation of technical-scientific center is also planned for coordination of wiring works at build- ing and repair of ships and vessels with designers of ship systems, complexes and equipment.

 lead story

Indian Navy: A Formidable Blue Water...continued from page 3

220 aircraft and 15 submarines. Currently, navy, far lower than its peers in the Quad. veillance. Also operational efficiency and through shipbuilding’. However, apart from the Indian Navy has only one aircraft carrier, The United States leads the pack, spending optimal manning is the need of the hour. counting numbers, focus should be on capa- INS Vikramaditya, we require atleast three nearly 30 per cent of its military expendi- Another problem worth noting is that bility enhancement. aircraft carriers. The Navy has requested for ture on its navy, while Australia and Japan some of the ships in the lineup under con- According to a statement published by additional funds since there is a requirement spend nearly 25 per cent and 23 per cent, struction are going to replace those being the US Foreign Policy website, India is pre- of 65,000 tonnes Catapult Assisted Take-Off respectively. Official numbers from China phased out, thus, if on an average every 2-3 paring to play a more active role as a “mari- But Arrested Recovery (CATOBAR) carrier are hard to obtain, but reports indicate that ships inducted, one retires from the exist- time security provider” in the eastern Indian with electric propulsion. The trials of Naval China spends nearly three times as much ing strength. There are also delays due to Ocean. If India wants to become a regional Light Combat Aircraft have begun meant as India on its military overall. Though pre- defects, such as the induction of Second Kal- naval power, it will need to continue to to operate from INS Vikramaditya ranking dominantly a Maritime Nation, amongst the vari Class was delayed due invest in the technology, manpower and India the sixth in the world after Russia, US, three forces, the Indian Navy gets the lowest to 36 defects. The Indian Navy also needs to force-readiness capabilities. France, UK and China to have mastered the share of the pie. In 2019-2020 Government come out with concrete plans to adopt new Despite the daunting challenges as noted art of an arrested landing and ski-jump take- allocated `23,156 crore, landing a big blow age technology such as big data analytics above, in the past decade, the Indian Navy off on the deck of a carrier. However, there to its ambitious plan to be amongst the best and artificial intelligence for solutions. Also has shown an exceedingly high operational are pertinent issues before the Indian Navy in the world. Thus, budgetary constraints the Indian Navy has also so far focused tempo and emerged as a multi-dimensional that remain to be addressed. stand in the way of the dream, to transform more on increasing its fleet of submarines networked force, that is combat ready to take Indian Navy into a “World Class Navy”. rather than improving their efficiency. on any challenge in the maritime domain in Is The Indian Navy Future Ready? India’s military industry suffers from Nevertheless, India still retains a powerful the 21st century. The Indian Navy remains India’s role in the region is globally rec- challenges that constrain the development desire to build up a naval force capable of a credible, organised and combat worthy ognised and is seen as a protector of the of the Indian Navy. At present, India has five fulfilling its strategic goal of emerging as a force. The Indian Navy performs four types regional order particularly as it pertains to major shipbuilding factories, however, these major global player. of roles—military, diplomatic, constabulary maintaining open sea lanes and the freedom large-scale shipbuilding industries have and benign to protect the maritime inter- of navigation and picking up the baton of developed chronic problems of low produc- The Road Ahead ests of the nation. However, As India’s self- becoming a ‘Net Security Provider’. tion and poor organisation and management The Indian Navy is not on the list of top five described quest to become a leading power India entered the 21st century with a due to the serious bureaucratic structure, naval powers of the world, while US is lead- continues, will it also eventually become a small but formidable regional naval posture. resulting in the much longer construction ing and China follows right behind. Navies force to reckon with in the seas? SP Long considered a “blue water” navy, the cycle of the main naval ships for the Indian are not built in a day, they require consis- Indian Navy faces major challenges. Navy than the world average. tent efforts and thus, the Indian Navy now Saloni Salil, is an independent Geopolitics One of the major challenges for Indian Ironically, The Indian Navy amongst the needs to transform from a ‘Buyer’s navy into and Security analyst. She has held honorary forces is the budgetary support. The Indian three forces has used the social media plat- a Builders Navy’. positions in various organisations and has a government also admitted that India’s mili- form the most, however, the recent arrests Times have changed so has the attitude. number of published works among her cre- tary spending has not seen any significant of seven navy personnel alleged of leaking The Indian Navy needs to adapt and aug- dentials. She has also been associated with increase for the past five years. Although of sensitive information, the Indian Navy ment its maritime preparedness to be reck- Future Directions International, as a Visit- deemed to be the 7th most powerful navy in banned the use of social media and smart- oned as formidable blue water force. The ing Fellow in the Indo Pacific Research Pro- the world, we have one of the lowest fiscal phones on bases. This nevertheless show- focus should be rapid capability expansion gramme since 2012. Saloni Salil contributes spending on military. Figures from FY2017- cases the vulnerability of forces and thus that is anchored in indigenous construction, to the growing discourse on the concept of 2018 indicate that India spends only 15 per functional reorganisation of Indian Navy self-reliance, public and private sector par- the Indo-Pacific and major power intentions

www.spsnavalforces.com cent of its total military expenditure on its towards improving cyber security and sur- ticipation, and it’s called ‘nation building in that region.

10 1/2020  News

Publisher and Editor-in-Chief News in Brief Jayant Baranwal Deputy Managing Editor Neetu Dhulia Senior Technical Group Editor Lt General Naresh Chand (Retd) India-US 2+2 Dialogue takes Air Marshal B.K. Pandey (Retd) Strategic Partnership forward LCA’s Naval Variant Group Executive Editor Defence Minister Rajnath Singh and Exter- Vishal Thapar nal Affairs Minister Dr S. Jaishankar met ndia on January 11 announced the Ayushee Chaudhary US Secretary of Defense Dr Mark T. Esper first arrested landing of the naval ver- Staff Correspondent and Secretary of State Michael R. Pompeo in sion of its indigenous Light Combat I Contributors Washington DC on December 18, 2019, for Aircraft (LCA Navy) on the deck of the India the second annual India-US 2+2 Ministerial aircraft carrier INS Vikramaditya. Vice Adm K.N. Sushil (Retd), Vice Adm Anup Singh Dialogue. This 2+2 Ministerial is the high- “After completing extensive trials on (Retd), Vice Adm Satish Soni (Retd), Cmde Sujeet est-level institutional mechanism between the Shore Based Test Facility (at Goa), Naval Samaddar (Retd), Cmde A.J. Singh (Retd) the two countries and provides for a review version of Light Combat Aircraft (LCA) did Europe of the security, defence and strategic part- a successful arrested landing onboard INS Alan Peaford, Doug Richardson, Andrew Brookes nership between India and the United Vikramaditya at 1002 hrs “ the Ministry of (UK) States. This was the second 2+2 meeting Defence announced in a statement. reduce landing speeds. USA & Canada and the first in US. Salient points were: This is a significant milestone in the “LEVCONs are a very unique introduc- Lon Nordeen (USA), Anil R. Pustam (West Indies) zz Both sides positively appraised the development of indigenous capability for tion to the LCA-Navy variant. This is a West Asia/Africa growing partnership between India and carrier-borne fighters, and puts the basic vital development that has taken place in H.R. Heitman (S. Africa) the US and noted that important mile- technology blocks in place for commenc- the country which will stay in use in the Chairman & Managing Director stones had been achieved. ing the development of a twin-engine years to come,” said Dr Kota Harinaray- Jayant Baranwal zz Both sides reiterated their commitment deck-based fighter which meets the ana, Chairman General Aeronautics Pvt. Executive Vice President to advancing a free, open, inclusive, requirements of the Indian Navy. Ltd. Dr Harinarayana is also hailed as the (Planning & Business Development) Rohit Goel peaceful, and prosperous Indo-Pacific The single-engine LCA Navy is a tech- father of the LCA programme. region. nology demonstrator of a Short-Take Off LCA Navy has been developed by the Manager – HR & Admin Bharti Sharma zz Both sides also committed to further Barrier Arrested Recovery (STOBAR) capa- Aeronautical Development Agency of deepen military-to-military coopera- bility for launch and recovery of a fighter the Defence Research and Development Assistant Manager – HR & Admin Pooja Tehlani tion, including between the IN and the aircraft from the deck of an aircraft carrier. Organisation (DRDO). Defence Minister Deputy Manager – Circulation US Navy. Also intend to expand similar This new variant comes with two addi- Rajnath Singh hailed the maiden deck Rimpy Nischal cooperation between their respective tional distinct features; an arrestor hook landing of the LCA Navy as “a great event [email protected] Armies and Air Forces. and pilot controlled LEVCONs. Leading in the history of Indian fighter aircraft Group Research Associate zz Technology and Trade Initiative (DTTI) Edge Vortex Controllers (LEVCONs) are development programme”. SP Survi Massey programme. Industrial Security Annex flaps that open up on the side of the air- Creative Director was concluded and priority initiatives craft like air brakes, and let the aircraft —By Vishal Thapar & Ayushee Chaudhary Anoop Kamath have been identified for execution Design under the DTTI programme. The two Vimlesh Kumar Yadav, Sonu Singh Bisht sides also agreed to move forward in Appointments Group Director – Sales & Marketing their engagement in the area of defence Neetu Dhulia zz Vice Admiral R. Hari Kumar, AVSM, VSM assumed the appointment of Chief of innovation. Deputy Director – Sales Earlier, on the morning of December 18, Integrated Defence Staff to the Chairman Chiefs of Staff Committee. Vice Admiral R. Rajeev Chugh Hari Kumar was commissioned into the Indian Navy on January 1, 1983, and special- Defence Minister was received at the Pen- SP’s Website tagon by US Secretary of Defence Dr Mark ized as a Gunnery Officer in 1989. Flag Officer has commanded Coast Guard Ship, Sr. Web Developer: Shailendra Prakash Ashish T. Esper, with a ceremonial Guard of Hon- Missile Boat, Corvette, Destroyer and Aircraft Carrier. His Flag appointments include Web Developer: Ugrashen Vishwakarma our and accorded a 19-gun salute. After Commandant of Naval War College at Goa, Flag Officer Sea Training, Flag Officer Com- Published bimonthly by Jayant Baranwal on the 2+2 meeting, Rajnath Singh, along with manding , Chief of Staff at , Controller Person- behalf of SP Guide Publications Pvt Ltd. All Dr S. Jaishankar, called on President at the nel Services and Chief of Personnel at NHQ. rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, Oval Office. zz Vice Admiral Ravneet Singh, AVSM, NM, took over as Chief of Personnel from or transmitted in any form or by any means, Vice Admiral R. Hair Kumar AVSM, VSM on December 2, 2019. Commissioned on July photocopying, recording, electronic, or otherwise MDL Commences Production of 1, 1983, Vice Admiral Ravneet Singh is a qualified flying instructor with Master Green without the prior written permission of the Y-12654, Fourth Ship of P17A Instrument Rating. As a Flag Officer he has held appointments as Assistant Controller publishers. MDL commenced production of Y-12654, Carrier Project and Assistant Controller Warship Production and Acquisition at IHQ Printed in India fourth stealth frigate of Project 17A series MoD(N), Flag Officer Goa Area/Flag Officer Naval Aviation at Goa, Flag Officer Com- by Kala Jyothi Process Pvt Ltd on January 22, 2020. The P17A class frig- manding Western Fleet at Mumbai, Chief of Staff at Headquarters Western Naval Com- © SP Guide Publications, 2020 mand at Mumbai and Director General Project Seabird at IHQ MoD(N). ates are built using indigenously devel- Subscription/ Circulation oped steel, have enhanced stealth features zz Vice Admiral S.R. Sarma, AVSM, VSM, takes over as Controller Warship Production Annual Inland: `600 • Overseas: US$180 and are fitted with state-of-the-art weapon and Acquisition on November 30, 2019. Commissioned in the Indian Navy on March 31, E-mail: [email protected] and sensor systems along with advanced 1983, Vice Admiral S.R. Sarma an electrical engineer, had served as an electrical officer [email protected] Integrated Platform Management System. of guided missile destroyer INS Mysore. As a Flag Officer, he has held appointments as Letters to the Editor P17A frigates are built using ‘Integrated Assistant Chief of Materiel (Information Technology & Systems) at Naval headquarters, [email protected] Construction (IC) methodology’ to reduce Admiral Superintendent Dockyard at Visakhapatnam, Chief Staff Officer (Tech) at East- For Advertising Details, Contact: the build period of warships. First ship ern Naval Command, Director General Naval Projects at Visakhapatnam and Principal [email protected] [email protected] of P17A, Nilgiri was launched by Defence Director Advanced Technology Vessel Project at Delhi. SP GUIDE PUBLICATIONS PVT LTD Minister Rajnath Singh on September 28, 2019. The other two ships in the series are preparations were reviewed at the East- gladesh after the hand-over ceremony. Type POSTAL ADDRESS Corporate Office at various stages of production. ern Naval Command (ENC) by Vice Admi- 053H3 frigates are the second generation A 133 Arjun Nagar, Opp Defence Colony, ral S.N. Ghormade, Chief of Staff ENC on of the PLA Navy’s frigates that equipped New Delhi 110003, India Curtain Raiser for MILAN 2020 January 7, 2020 along with the local gov- with anti-aircraft missile systems. A total Tel: +91(11) 24644693, 24644763, 24620130 After successfully hosting the Interna- ernment agencies. A detailed presentation of ten Type 053H3 frigates were built by Fax: +91 (11) 24647093 tional Fleet Review (IFR) in February 2016, to apprise the attendees of the planned China. At present, the PLA Navy still has E-mail: [email protected] the City of Destiny Visakhapatnam is activities of MILAN 2020 with the theme eight Type 053H3 frigates in service. The Representative Offices gearing up to host another International ‘Synergy Across the Seas’, was conducted. two frigates will be officially renamed as BENGALURU, INDIA Air Marshal B.K. Pandey (Retd), 204, Jal Vayu Vihar, Naval event ‘MILAN’ in March 2020. With MILAN 2020 is a multilateral naval exer- BNS-Omar Farooq and BNS-Abu Ubaidah Kalyan Nagar, Bengaluru 560043, India. about two months to the mega event, the cise aimed to enhance professional inter- after joining the Bangladeshi Navy. Tel: +91 (80) 23682204 action between friendly foreign navies and MOSCOW, RUSSIA learn from each other’s strengths and best Turkey’s First-Generation LAGUK Co., Ltd, Yuri Laskin, Krasnokholmskaya, >> SHOW CALENDAR practices in the maritime domain. Of the Submarine ‘Piri Reis’ docked Nab., 41 navies invited, confirmations from over Turkey’s first Type 214 class submarine TCG 11/15, app. 132, Moscow 115172, Russia. 5–8 February 30 navies have been received towards their Piri Reis was docked with a ceremony held in Tel: +7 (495) 911 2762, Fax: +7 (495) 912 1260 DefExpo 2020 participation in MILAN 2020. the northwestern province of Kocaeli’s Göl- Vrindavan Yojna, Sector 15, Lucknow, cük district. As per plan one submarine will www.spguidepublications.com www.spsnavalforces.com Uttar Pradesh, India Bangladesh Navy receives two go into service each year. By 2027, all six of https://defexpo.gov.in Chinese Frigates our submarines will be in service. TCG Piri RNI Number: DELENG/2008/25836 16–18 March Senior Bangladeshi Navy officials received Reis, the first vessel of Turkey’s New Type two Chinese Type-053H3 frigates, Jiaxing Submarine Project, is planned to start oper- DIMDEX 2020 Qatar National Convention Centre (Hull 521) and Lianyungang (Hull 522), in ating in 2020. The Type 214 class vessels are (QNCC), Qatar Shanghai Jiangnan Shipyard on December regarded as a first for the Turkish Navy due www.dimdex.com 18. The two missile frigates, purchased by to its air-independent propulsion character- the Bangladesh in 2018, will steam to Ban- istics brought by their fuel cell technology. SP

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