Satoyama 2 Above photo courtesy of UNEP; Cover photos courtesy of Ishikawa Prefecture and Hakui City, Ishikawa, Japan

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Table of Contents

AHMED DJOGHLAF Hélène MANDROUX Executive Secretary, Convention on Biological Diversity...... 2 Maire de la Ville de Montpellier...... 16

BAN KI-MOON Gerald Tremblay Secretary-General, United Nations...... 4 Mayor of Montreal...... 17

Edward Norton Luc Gnacadja United Nations Goodwill Ambassador for Biodiversity...... 4 Executive Secretary, United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification...... 18 Ryu Matsumoto Minister of the Environment, Japan...... 5 Irina Bokova Director-General, United Nations Educational, MISIA Scientific and Cultural Organization...... 19 Honorary ambassador for the tenth meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity...... 6 Julia Marton-Lefèvre Director General, International Prince Albert II of Monaco Union for Conservation of Nature...... 21 Foundation Prince Albert II of Monaco...... 7 Yukiko Omura Prince Bandar Bin Saud Vice President, International Fund for Agricultural Development...... 22 Bin Mohammad Al-Saud Secretary General of Saudi Wildlife Commission...... 8 Kazuhiko Takeuchi Vice-rector, United Nations University, Director of ISP...... 23 Karen Ellemann Minister of the Environment, Denmark...... 10. Sarah Brunel Scientific Officer, European and Mediterranean Shoichi Kondo Plant Protection Organization...... 25 Senior Vice-Minister of the Environment, Japan...... 11 Kenzo OSHIMA Paul Boothe Senior-Vice President, Japan International Cooperation Agency...... 27 Deputy Minister, Environment Canada...... 13 Veerle Vandeweerd Harrison Ford and Peter Seligmann Director, Environment and Energy Group, Conservation International...... 14 Bureau for Development Policy, United Nations Development Programme...28

Masaru Onishi Lucy Shea President & COO, Japan Airlines...... 15 Chief Executive Officer, Futerra Sustainability Communications...... 30

Photo courtesy of Ishikawa Prefecture Satoyama 1 Ahmed Djoghlaf, Executive Secretary, Convention on Biological Diversity Nagoya: The birth place of a new era of living in harmony with nature into the future

under five strategic goals that address the underlying causes of biodiversity loss, reduce the pressures on biodiver- sity, safeguard biodiversity at all levels, enhance the benefits provided by biodi- versity, and provide for capacity-building. Among the targets, Parties agreed to at least halve and where feasible bring close to zero the rate of loss of natural habitats including forests; protect 17 per cent of terrestrial and inland water areas and 10 per cent of marine and coastal areas; restore at least 15 per cent of de- graded areas; and make special efforts to reduce the pressures faced by coral reefs. The Aichi Target was endorsed by the 65th session of the United Nations General Assembly as the strategic plan of the whole biodiversity family. This ove- 010 was truly a historic year. It star- be determined by the actions that hu- rarching biodiversity framework contains ted with the launch of the Interna- man society takes in the coming de- means of implementation and monitoring 2 tional Year of Biodiversity in Berlin. cades. This was a sobering message to and evaluation mechanisms. The Par- The celebration of this unique event in receive during the International Year of ties agreed to translate within two years the life of the biodiversity family culmi- Biodiversity. the Aichi Target into national biodiversity nated with the High-Level Event of the However, there was also a message of strategies and action plans. The 650 par- 65th session of the United Nations Ge- hope. Humans have the power and the ticipants at the Nagoya Summit on Cities neral Assembly held in New York on tools needed to avoid this scenario. Du- and Biodiversity agreed to translate the 22 September with the participation of ring the International Year of Biodiversi- Aichi Target into action plans at the ci- heads of State and government. The year ty, the world stepped up and responded ty level. To this end, a Singapore urban came to a close in Kanazawa City, Ishi- to this challenge. Citizens around the biodiversity index, tested out in 34 cities, kawa prefecture in Japan, with a ceremo- world, through thousands of events and was endorsed. A biodiversity partnership ny contributing to the launch of the 2011 activities, discovered the importance of between mayors and policy makers was International Year of Forests. biodiversity, demonstrated the kinds of born in Nagoya. 122 parliamentarians of In early May 2010, the world re- actions needed to save it, and called for the world in adopting the Nagoya Decla- ceived a wake-up call that warned of the the world to act. ration on Parliamentarians and Biodiver- consequences of continuing on our cur- Indeed, the United Nations Conven- sity agreed to endorse the Aichi Target. A rent development path. The Global Bio- tion on Biological Diversity is the basis for Multi-Year Plan of Action on South-South diversity Outlook 3, based on the best a sustainable future. At its tenth meeting Cooperation on Biodiversity for Develop- available scientific evidence, and drawing of the Conference of the Parties (COP ment was adopted by the G77 and China upon 175 national reports of Parties to 10), held in Nagoya, Japan, in October, in support of the Aichi Target. At the Eco- the Convention, warned of the conse- some 18,000 participants representing systems Pavilion, heads of agencies and quences of further biodiversity loss. the 193 Parties and their partners agreed international organizations discussed The continuing loss of species and ha- on a package of measures that, if imple- ways to better integrate actions to com- bitats, predicted to accelerate under the mented, will ensure that the ecosystems bat biodiversity loss, climate change and growing impact of climate change, has of the planet will continue to sustain hu- land degradation placed so much pressure on the life- man well-being into the future. In addition, representatives of 34 bi- supporting ecosystems of our world that The Nagoya biodiversity summit lateral and multilateral donor agencies many risk passing a “tipping point”. We adopted the 2011-2020 Biodiversity agreed to translate the plan into their res- were reminded that the status of biodi- Strategic Plan, the “Aichi Target”, which pective development cooperation priori-

Photo courtesy of CBD versity for millions of years to come will includes 20 headline targets, organized ties. To support developing countries

2 Satoyama account the important role of traditional “The challenge we face individually and collectively knowledge. The Protocol also proposes the creation of a global multilateral me- is to make sure that the Nagoya biodiversity compact chanism that will operate in transboun- produces concrete action over the years to come.” dary areas or situations where prior informed consent cannot be obtained. The Nagoya Protocol is expected to gain early entry into force by 2012, with in implementing the Nagoya compact, and was later recognized in COP 10 support from the Global Environment Japan established the Japan Biodi- decision X/32 on the Sustainable Facility of USD 1 million. The Nagoya- versity Fund. Japanese Prime Minister Use of Biodiversity as a potentially Kuala Lumpur Supplementary Protocol Naoto Kan committed USD 2 billion useful tool to better understand and on Liability and Redress to the Cartage- for the three coming years to financing support human-influenced natural envi- na protocol on Biosafety was also a ma- biodiversity projects. Additional finan- ronments for the benefit of biodiversity jor breakthrough. cial resources were announced by and human well-being. Needless to say, The road from Curitiba to Nagoya was France, the European Union and Norway, we at the Convention consider the IP- exciting. The road from Nagoya to New with nearly USD 110 million being mo- SI as a central component of our 2011- Delhi will be challenging. The challenge bilized in support of projects under the 2020 vision. we face, individually and collectively, is CBD LifeWeb Initiative, which aims at en- Also finalized at COP 10 was the Na- to make sure that the Nagoya biodiver- hancing the protected-area agenda. Par- goya Protocol on Access to Genetic sity compact produces concrete action ties will define mechanisms in time for Resources and the Fair and Equitable over the years to come. The 2011-2020 COP 11 in India in 2012 through which Sharing of Benefits Arising from their International Decade of Biodiversity is a additional financial resources can be Utilization, one of the most important le- major tool aimed at engaging all sectors identified and channelled. gal instruments in the history of the envi- of society in the battle to protect life on Effectively implementing the Inter- ronment movement. This historic agree- Earth. As the Governor of Aichi Prefec- national Partnership Satoyama Initiative ment creates a framework that balances ture Masaaki Kanda has stated, “Biodi- (IPSI) will be an important way to achieve access to genetic resources on the ba- versity conservation should be embraced the Aichi Target. The IPSI was laun- sis of prior informed consent and mutual- and owned by people all over the world”. ched on 19 October at a COP 10 side ly agreed terms with the fair and equi- Indeed, Biodiversity is Life… Biodiversi- event attended by more than 500 people, table sharing of benefits while taking into ty is our Life.

Photo courtesy of Ishikawa Prefecture Satoyama 3 Ban Ki-moon, Secretary-General, United Nations

Video Message to the High-Level segment of the Tenth Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity, Nagoya, 27 October 2010

istinguished Ministers, Excellen- met. Climate change is bringing more cies, Ladies and Gentlemen, I am pressure still. We need to intensify our D pleased to send my greetings to efforts. We need a new vision … and this important meeting. Your Conference new determination. comes less than one month after the Ge- I commend the Government of Ja- Plan for 2011 to 2020 that encompasses neral Assembly convened its first-ever pan for its proposal to declare the next all stakeholders. high-level meeting on biodiversity. This ten years the United Nations Decade on I wish you success in adopting a Pro- landmark event signalled a recognition of Biodiversity. Neglecting the decline in tocol on Access and Benefit Sharing of the importance of biodiversity to our col- biodiversity costs trillions of dollars each genetic resources. And I pledge the full lective well-being and the achievement year. We are wasting our natural capi- support of the United Nations in conser- of our development goals. tal. I urge this meeting to move towards ving and wisely managing biodiversity so Our target to reduce the rate of bio- a coordinated universal biodiversity fra- all people can enjoy the full benefits of diversity loss by 2010 has not been mework – beginning with a new Strategic nature’s services. Thank you.

Edward Norton, United Nations Goodwill Ambassador for Biodiversity Saving our fragile web of life requires commitment

better understood now than ever before, services as air and water purification, the the news from the front lines of the global renewal of soil fertility, and climate stabi- effort to preserve the world’s biodiversity lization at risk of irreversible degradation is bleak. The web of life that we all rely on and collapse. for our very survival is being torn apart at While the poor are particularly vulne- an increasingly alarming rate and action rable, no one on earth is immune from to address this global crisis is still distres- the negative impacts of deforestation, singly lacking and slow. species extinction, the collapse of co- Our failure to act might be attributed, ral reefs, loss of fresh water lakes, and f the world has been reminded of any- in part, to the misperception that preser- ocean acidification. An estimated one thing through the tragedy of the Gulf ving the world’s biodiversity is a legacy billion people in developing countries de- I of Mexico oil spill, it is that biodiversi- issue, one to be addressed in the future. pend upon fish as their primary source of ty and the health of ecosystems is not an But the conclusions of the third edition of food. However, 80% of the world’s fishe- abstract concept of scientists or the pet the Global Biodiversity Outlook (GBO3), a ries are fully or over-exploited. As biolo- project of the ‘green’ elite. Biodiversity major assessment report issued in May of gists from Stanford University, California, and healthy ecosystems are the vital un- this year under the Convention of Biolo- have proclaimed, “The idea that econo- derpinnings of human society. Food and gical Diversity, put that misapprehension mic growth is independent of environ- energy production on land and from the to rest. Drawing on 120 national reports mental health, and that humanity can sea, medicine, tourism, real estate, these from Parties to this unique legal treaty ai- therefore indefinitely expand its physical industries and many others have been med at protecting life on earth, it soberly economy, is a dangerous delusion”. The- shown to be starkly vulnerable to the warns that without collective action, our refore, only through sustained conserva- destruction of marine and terrestrial eco- earth’s ecosystems will approach tip- tion will future generations of the deve- systems. And yet, while the link between ping-points, putting human lives and li- loped and developing worlds meet their biodiversity and human well-being is velihoods, as well as such irreplaceable food, health, energy and security needs.

4 Satoyama We have identified the principal, ever- resource use, an increase in protected of the Convention. increasing pressures driving biodiversi- areas around the world, and implemen- President Obama has forcefully ty loss: habitat change, over-exploitation, ting plans to reconcile development with expressed his commitment to addres- pollution, invasive alien species, and cli- conservation. For the first time at the Uni- sing the world’s environmental crisis. mate change. Engagement and edu- ted Nations, Heads of State and Govern- At the UN Climate Summit in Copen- cation are strong allies against theses ment and officials from its 192 Member hagen, Denmark, the president referred threats. But only a deeper global commit- States will meet at a high-level event ex- to, “our responsibilities to leave our chil- ment and concerted action from a state clusively devoted to the biodiversity cri- dren and grandchildren a cleaner and sa- level to protect marine and terrestrial sis. In October, the Nagoya Biodiversity fer planet.” ecoregions will help stop, and possibly Summit will take place in Aichi Prefec- As the most comprehensive biodiver- even reverse these forbidding trends. ture, Japan. There, the 193 Parties to the sity treaty to date, the Convention will This autumn, there are two impor- Convention on Biological Diversity will provide the unique opportunity for the tant moments in our attempt to create a adopt a New Strategic Plan for the pe- president to fulfill these responsibilities new paradigm for a global response to riod of 2011-2020, containing new tar- and inspire the renewed dedication of the world’s biodiversity challenges. On gets for 2020 and a new biodiversity vi- the global community. 22 September, in observance of the In- sion for 2050. We urge him to aggressively pursue ternational Year of Biodiversity, world Meaningful success in this effort the process of US ratification. Let’s all leaders will have a unique opportu- will require the full commitment of all na- look forward to the moment that the Uni- nity to provide leadership in shaping tions, and here, the United States is sadly ted States rejoins the champions of bio- and implementing a new biodiversi- short of the mark. As of today, the US is, diversity and formally dedicates itself as ty strategy, calling for the introduction inexcusably, one of only three countries a nation to preserving and protecting life of sustainable practices in land and that have not ratified full acceptance on earth.

Ryu Matsumoto, Minister of the Environment, Japan COP 10 outcomes: The future of our planet

he 10th meeting of the Confe- sustainable use, featuring the participa- Plan (“Aichi Targets”), and not losing rence of the Parties (COP 10) to tion of heads and ministers of States, in sight of the vision to realize “Life in T the Convention on Biological Di- addition to the representatives of stake- harmony with nature,” agreement was versity held in Aichi-Nagoya from 18 to holders including international organi- reached on the mission to “take effec- 29 October last year was attended by zations, NGOs, businesses, indigenous tive and urgent action for halting the loss 180 parties and about 13,000 partici- peoples, and women. of biodiversity,” and thus ensure that by pants, including observers, international The success of the conference held 2020 ecosystems become more resi- organizations and NGOs, and witnessed in such a landmark year as the Interna- lient and continue to provide essenti- the adoption of 47 total decisions at the tional Year of Biodiversity is all thanks al services. And in order to achieve this closing plenary session which was held to the cooperation of a wide range of mission, 20 headline targets were set late into the night on the final day be- stakeholders, including the Parties, in- to show us how the international com- fore coming to a successful conclusion. ternational organizations and NGOs at- munity must act in the next decade to- Despite the difficulties in negotiations tending COP 10. As COP 10 President, wards conserving biodiversity and its held night and day over the course of the I would like to take this opportunity to sustainable use. In response to this, it meeting, we eventually reached signifi- express my sincere appreciation to all. is essential for each country to develop cant outcomes. These include the Na- With regard to the revised Strategic and revise its own national biodiversity goya Protocol on Access and Benefit- Sharing of Genetic Resources (ABS), the revised Strategic Plan (“Aichi Targets”) beyond 2011, and the decision on the “To halt the loss of biodiversity, the actions that we strategy for resource mobilization. A take in the next 10 years will be critical. I encourage all high-level segment was also held, du- ring the last three days of the confe- stakeholders to become engaged in implementing the rence, for discussions on the conser- vation of biodiversity and promoting its ‘United Nations Decade on Biodiversity.’”

Satoyama 5 strategy and action plan based on the decisions made at COP 10, as well as and silent living things, and all the chil- Aichi Targets, and thereby enhance the for achieving the three objectives of the dren yet to be born in the future, the in- efforts being made. Convention. Therefore, the decision ternational community shall now pull Agreement was also reached on the made regarding the procedures for fur- together upon being inspired by the out- Nagoya Protocol as the international ther consideration of the targets of re- comes of COP 10. regime for ABS—a longstanding issue source mobilization was adopted at In order to halt the loss of biodiver- at the convention—and I would like to COP 10. Moreover, Japan has just com- sity, the actions that we take in the next show respect for the great efforts on the mitted to making a new financial contri- 10 years will be critical. In this context, part of all those involved in the discus- bution via the Japan Biodiversity Fund I would like to encourage all stakehol- sions thus far. The adoption of the Na- in order to promote capacity building ders to become engaged in implemen- goya Protocol is quite meaningful for the toward helping developing countries ting the “United Nations Decade on Bio- development of pharmaceuticals and achieve the Aichi Targets. diversity.” We shall commit ourselves to other products that help improve human Through the discussions and ne- gathering our collective wisdom as hu- well-being, and the conservation of bio- gotiations held at COP 10, I know with man beings and take actions together in diversity, by ensuring access to and the great certainty that it is our common as- order to deliver our hopes to the Earth in benefit sharing of genetic resources. piration to pass this beautiful azure earth 10 years, and then in 50 years, as raised Appropriate resource mobilization supported by biodiversity onto the next in Aichi-Nagoya with the theme of “Life is also essential for implementing the generation. For 6.9 million human beings in harmony, into the future.”

MISIA, Japanese singer, Honorary Ambassador for the 10th Meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity We have the impetus to change the world

he year 2010 was the Internatio- through songs as a professional singer. I nal Year of Biodiversity declared composed a song titled ‘Life in Harmo- T by the United Nations, and stake- ny’, the official song of COP 10, with the holders around the world expressed their hope that all living beings cherish one determination to conserve biodiversi- another’s lives and support each other ty. The great achievements at the 10th for our common future. meeting of the Conference of the Parties Japan is blessed by a rich natural en- (COP 10) are the fruits of the strong ef- vironment, and 67% of the country forts put forth by all the Parties, relevant is covered with forests. Our ances- organizations and stakeholders. I would tors developed lifestyles to co-exist like to pay tribute to everyone. with nature, as seen in ‘Satoya- I think COP 10 provided a good op- ma’ or ‘Satoumi’, in order to leve- portunity for many Japanese to become rage the small country effectively. familiar with the word ‘biodiversity’ for However, we are now facing many the first time. To host this international challenges due to inadequate ma- conference was highly significant for us, nagement caused by an aging so- as biodiversity is currently being seriously ciety and population decline. threatened. Moreover, it provided a won- mudef (Music Design Founda-

derful chance to introduce to the world tion), in which I serve as a board Photos courtesy of Rhythmedia the traditional Japanese culture and the member, plans to launch a project cal- relationship between humans and na- led ‘MISIA’s Forest’ on 22 May, 2011, the the International Decade for Biodiversity. ture, and to learn about the various ef- International Day for Biological Diversity. I hope that in ten years we will be li- forts being made around the world to This project aims to disseminate the si- ving in a better world, where all living protect biodiversity. gnificance of biodiversity through music beings cherish one another’s lives and After being appointed as the Honorary and art. co-exist in harmony. Ambassador for COP 10, I’ve been com- The year 2011 marks the International Let us link up our wishes and change municating the importance of biodiversity Year of Forests. It is also the first year of the world.

6 Satoyama S.A.S le Prince Albert II de Monaco, Fondation Prince Albert II de Monaco La protection de la biodiversité est un enjeu vital pour chaque être humain

ans un contexte marqué par la des espèces menacées, qu’elles soient déception du sommet de Copen- animales ou végétales. D hague, la Conférence de Nagoya De même, la question de la valorisa- a permis de réaliser des progrès substan- tion des ressources génétiques, qui fai- tiels pour la protection de la biodiversité. sait l’objet de négociations depuis vingt Elle a également permis de renouer avec ans, a connu à Nagoya des avancées si- une dynamique positive, porteuse d’es- gnificatives. Le protocole adopté fixe en poir pour tous ceux qu’inquiète l’avenir effet des règles pertinentes de partage de notre planète. des bénéfices provenant de la fabrication La protection de la biodiversité est de médicaments, de cosmétiques ou de pour chaque être humain un enjeu vi- ressources vivrières. de nos océans et nos mers. Dans de tal. A l’heure où un amphibien sur trois, Outre son impact déterminant en nombreuses régions du monde, dont la un oiseau sur huit et plus d’un mammi- termes de justice et de développement, Méditerranée, il y a là une urgence. fère sur cinq sont menacés d’extinction, ce protocole me paraît constituer un Nous savons que nous consommons c’est en effet l’équilibre de notre planète progrès capital dans la manière dont les aujourd’hui de nombreuses espèces qui est atteint. Son équilibre biologique, hommes conçoivent désormais leur rap- dont les stocks ne se renouvellent plus, mais également humain : trop souvent, port à la nature. ou insuffisamment. Pour faire cesser ce sont les régions et les pays les plus Loin de la vision prédatrice du monde ces comportements encouragés par vulnérables qui sont les premières vic- qui a prévalu trop longtemps, le pro- une logique de rentabilité économique à times des atteintes à la biodiversité, alors tocole de Nagoya reconnaît la valeur court terme, des voies plus ambitieuses même qu’ils sont détenteurs d’un patri- des ressources irremplaçables que la doivent être explorées. Je pense en par- moine biologique d’une grande richesse nature nous fournit et dont dépend ticulier au développement des aires ma- et insuffisamment valorisé. notre existence. rines protégées dont la superficie est au- C’est pourquoi il est urgent d’agir C’est sans doute là que réside pour jourd’hui insuffisante. et de se doter des cadres juridiques moi l’apport le plus significatif de cette D’autres pistes doivent également être et politiques appropriés, face à des Conférence sur la diversité biologique. explorées, tant il serait illusoire de croire menaces qui dépassent évidemment Alors que les négociations mondiales en une solution unique pour résoudre un les périmètres classiques d’intervention sur la lutte contre le réchauffement clima- problème aussi vaste et complexe. des Etats. tique sont si difficiles, je crois que le suc- C’est dans cet esprit que je réunirai A cet égard le plan stratégique en cès obtenu à Nagoya permettra d’adres- à Monaco dès l’hiver 2011 la seconde 20 points adopté pour la période ser un signal positif au monde entier. édition de la Monaco Blue Initiative, ras- 2010/2020 permettra de mieux protéger Nous savons désormais qu’il est possible semblement unique de personnalités les écosystèmes de la planète et pourra d’avancer sur la voie d’une meilleure effi- scientifiques déterminées à réfléchir en- nous aider à enrayer l’extinction de cer- cacité, d’une responsabilité mieux assu- semble à une meilleure protection des taines espèces. mée et d’une plus grande justice. univers marins. Je voudrais en particulier me félici- Je voudrais néanmoins rappeler que Quelles que soient les conclusions ter de l’objectif d’augmentation sen- le chemin vers une protection effective de ce groupe de travail, nous devons sible des aires protégées de la planète. de toutes les espèces menacées est en- tous continuer à nous mobiliser, en Celles-ci représentent actuellement 13 core long. Il est donc impératif de ne pas sachant que notre inaction suscite- % de la surface totale des terres et un relâcher notre vigilance et de conserver rait des difficultés plus conséquentes peu moins de 1 % de la surface totale de hautes ambitions. que celles que nous rencontrons au- des océans. L’accord signé à Nagoya fixe Plus que jamais, il nous faut réfléchir à jourd’hui dans le combat pour la protec- pour 2020 un objectif de 17 % pour les la manière de prolonger les résultats ob- tion de la biodiversité. terres et 10 % pour les mers. C’est sans tenus à Nagoya, en particulier par l’adop- C’est en ce sens que je continue- doute encore insuffisant, mais c’est dé- tion de mesures encore plus efficientes. rai d’agir, et que Monaco continuera jà une avancée essentielle, tant ces aires En matière de surpêche, notamment, de s’engager pour une protection protégées constituent aujourd’hui la so- il est urgent d’aller plus loin, si nous ne réelle et durable de notre patrimoine bio- lution la plus efficace pour la protection voulons pas accroître le dépeuplement logique commun.

Satoyama 7 Photo courtesy of iStock Photo

لالتفاقية )أهداف أيشي 2020 في يعتبر حتقيق أحد اهم أهداف عام رؤية وجهود إقليمية مشتركة لتقاسم ترجمة اإلستراتيجية الوطنية الى خطط 2020 املتمثل بحماية %17 من املسؤوليات وحشد املوارد لتحقيق عمل وبرامج وطنية تأخذ في حسبانها املساحه العامليه ًحتديا ًجديدا, ولكن األهداف لعام 2020. تلك األهداف. إدماج القيم الواسعة للمناطق احملمية في التخطيط الوطني واإلقليمي وحيث تواجه جيلنا واجليل القادم املناطق احملمية: سيكون خطوة هامة لضمان حتقيق هذا مشاكل بيئية متداخلة مع بعضها الهدف . وألن التعاون اإلقليمي يعتبر البعض. لذا من الضروري تذكير أنفسنا وعلى الرغم من أن احد أهداف عام ًأمرا ًحاسما فقد بادرت اململكة لتأسيس باملبدأ االحترازي وهو مبدأ أساسي 2010 يتمثل بحماية %10 من اإلحتاد العربي للمناطق احملمية التفاقية التنوع األحيائي. والتأكيد مساحة األراضي على املستوى العاملي واملتوقع إقراره ًقريبإ ان شاء الله. كما على القرارات التي مت اتخاذها في اال ان تلك النسبه لم تتحق , لكنها ستلعب اتفاقية احملافظه على األحياء ناغويا مبا في ذلك استخدام املبدأ أعطت قوة دافعة كبيرة إلتخاذ الفطريه ومواطنها الطبيعيه في دول االحترازي في إنتاج الوقود احليوي اخلطوات العملية حلماية املناطق مجلس التعاون لدول اخلليج العربيه والكتلة احلية والتنمية الزراعية. الهامة للتنوع ًاألحيائي.واقرارا من ًدورا ًفاعال فى حتقيق تلك األهداف. لقد حان وقت التعايش بانسجام مع اململكه بأن املناطق احملمية هي حجر الطبيعة,حيث رسم لنا مؤمتر ناغويا الزاوية للمحافظة, فقد أعلنت حوالي اجلامعة العربية وحشد املوارد: االجتاه الضروري, ولكن لضمان أن %4 من مساحة أراضيها كمناطق األهداف ستتحقق وااللتزامات سيتم محمية. وطورت الهيئة السعودية وكمتابعة لقرارات املؤمتر العاشر للدول اإليفاء بها فمن األهمية تعزيز التعاون للحياة الفطرية ًمؤخرا خطة منقحة األطراف في االتفاقية, فقد نظم مجلس اإلقليمي وإدماج احملافظه على التنوع ملنظومة املناطق احملمية تهدف اململكة الوزراء العرب املسئولني عن شؤون األحيائي في التشريعات الوطنية ودعم من خالل تنفيذها إلى توسيع املناطق البيئة التابع جلامعة الدول العربية حلقة اإلجراءات على املستوى احمللي. وهذه احملمية لتغطي ًتقريبا %8-6 من إقليمية عن التنوع األحيائي وحشد املرة يجب حفظ الوعود و ال يوجد املساحه األجماليه للمملكه والتي متثل املوارد ًدعما ملخرجات ناغويا وهي أول خيار آخر إال في العمل اجلاد لتحقيق معظم األقاليم اإليكولوجية فيها . استجابة إقليمية لتلك املخرجات ولبذل أهداف عام 2020.

8 Satoyama Prince Bandar Bin Saud Bin Mohammad Al-Saud, Secretary General of Saudi Wildlife Commission مؤمتر ناغويا ميهد الطريق نحو مستقبل منسجم مع الطبيعة

بندر بن سعود بن محمد آل سعود الزالت موجودة حتى اآلن. لذا فإن وستؤدي هذه اآللية في الغالب إلى مسؤوليتنا هي نقل هذا التراث ألجيال حتقيق الهدفني األول والثاني لالتفاقية األمني العام للهيئة السعودية للحياة املستقبل، السيما أن بروتوكول ناغويا وهما احملافظة واالستخدام املستدام. الفطرية ومدونة )تغاريوايري( األخالقية للمحافضه على املعارف التقليديه ولهذا الغرض فإن اململكه العربيه لقد كانت ًحقا حلظة تاريخية عندما مت توفران ًإطارا لذلك. السعوديه تعمل حاليا على وضع اعتماد بروتوكول ناغويا للحصول على التشريعات الوطنيه التي تكفل املوارد اجلينية والتقاسم العادل واملنصف برتوكول ناغويا الوصول للموارد اجلينيه واألستفاده من للمنافع الناشئة عن استخدامها مع املنافع الناشئه عنها , ومن بني تلك أهداف أيشي لعام 2020م. لقد لقد نقلت ناغويا املجتمع الدولي إلى التشريعات وضعت اململكه مسودة منحتنا ناغويا ًسببا لالحتفال بالشهر مستقبل ُأستبدل فيه مصطلح القرصنة ألستراتيجيه وطنيه للحصول على األخير من سنة التنوع األحيائي. احليوية باإلنصاف وتقاسم املنافع املوارد اجلينيه. فبروتوكول ناغويا لم يجدد الثقة في والتعاون. ومنذ التوقيع على اتفاقية االتفاقيات متعددة األطراف فحسب التنوع اإلحيائي وحتى اآلن لم يتم أهداف أيشي بل أيد الطموح وااللتزام الذي أدى تنفيذ الهدف الثالث التفاقية التنوع إلى اعتماد اتفاقية التنوع األحيائي. اإلحيائي لذا فقد كانت ًحقا حلظة أدى مؤمتر ناغويا إلى ميالد رؤية عاطفية عندما أثمرت سبع سنوات عاملية جديدة هي " إنسجام احلياة لقد كان جناح املؤمتر العاشر التفاقية من التفاوض املكثف باعتماد برتوكول مع الطبيعة" وتقدم هذه الرؤية التنوع األحيائي ًمدعوما بشكل كبير ناغويا في الساعات األخيرة من املؤمتر رسالة بسيطة يفهمها بالتأكيد كل بقيادة حكيمة من حكومة وشعب العاشر للدول األطراف في اتفاقية قطاعات املجتمع سواء كانوا صناع اليابان ومثابرتهم وضيافتهم الكرمية. التنوع اإلحيائي بعد ذلك األنتظار قرار أو عامة الشعب الذين يعتبرون فهناك الكثير لنستفيده من الشعب الطويل. التنوع األحيائي لديهم مجرد مصطلح الياباني وثقافته، وانسجامه مع مقتصر على حقل العلم والسياسات. الطبيعة والتي توضحها ًأيضا التقاليد لقد حان الوقت الستخدام املوارد ونحن بحاجة لتبادل هذه الرؤية مع الغنية لساتوياما. اجلينية بطريقة منصفة ومستدامة اجلميع .وستسعى اململكه العربيه بحيث لم يعد جني املنافع الهائلة من السعوديه من خالل اللجنة الوطنية إن مبادرة ساتوياما اخلاصه باحملافظه املوارد اجلينية والتقنية احليوية ًقاصرا للتنوع اإلحيائي لبذل جهود كبيرة على النظم الزراعيه التقليديه على بعض الدول املتقدمة كما كان في على املستوى الوطني إلدماج التنوع وأستخدامات األراضي تعتبر هامة السابق بل سيتم من خالل تنفيذ هذا األحيائي في خطط التنمية وتبادل الستدراك أن االستخدام املستدام البرتوكول االعتراف بحقوق أصحاب األفكار واآلراء مع جميع اصحاب واإلدارة املوجهة نحو الطبيعة هي محور تلك املوارد الذين استخدموها بحكمة املصلحة لتحقيق أهداف عام 2020 لكل التقاليد. ففي اململكة العربية وحافظوا عليها منذ قدمي الزمان وكفالة من خالل اإلستراتيجية الوطنية للتنوع السعودية وضع أسالفنا تنظيمات حقوقهم في التقاسم العادل واملنصف األحيائي, مسترشدين بأهداف أيشي لالستخدام املستدام للموارد الطبيعية للمنافع الناشئة عنها. ومن املؤكد أن التي تعمل كبوصلة توجهنا نحو هذه الشحيحة. مثل التنظيم اإلسالمي برتوكول ناغويا سيساعد على تخفيف الرؤية العاملية. حيث سيتم االستفادة الستخدامات املياه واألراضي التي الفقر ودعم مبادئ التنمية املستدامة، من أهداف اخلطة اإلستراتيجية اجلديدة

Satoyama 9 Karen Ellemann, Minister for the Environment, Denmark Worldwide views on biodiversity

“The World Wide View on Biodiversity aims to raise public awareness of the issues at stake and offer good opportunities for communication and media coverage. Hopefully it will entail a deeper engagement with biodiversity issues amongst the general public and serve as a firm basis for further awareness-raising.”

he inclusion of civil society in our will have the same agenda and the same to Genetic Resources and the Fair and struggle for biodiversity is vital for approach. World Wide Views is a unique Equitable Sharing of Benefits Arising T a successful implementation of opportunity to include a common but dif- from their Utilization. Participants will the decisions made at the tenth meeting ferentiated response from a ‘global pu- get insight into the complexities of imple- of the Conference of the Parties (COP 10) blic’ in global decision-making. menting these decisions. They will share in Japan. Sound policy making will bene- During the day participants will learn and deepen their knowledge through fit from improved insight into the views of about the challenges to conserve and mutual dialogue. Finally participants will the citizens we represent. restore biodiversity and to maintain vital express their views by answering a ques- The problems we face are global in ecosystem services. They will acquaint tionnaire and phrasing recommendations scale. The solutions must be global in themselves with the key issues related to to policymakers. scope, but rooted in local reality. Unfortu- the goals and targets of the global Stra- The results from all countries will be nately, there is often a wide gap between tegic Plan adopted at the COP 10 of the instantly published. Visitors to the project global decision-making and local opinion Convention on Biological Diversity as website will be able to follow the event as formation. I therefore want to initialize an well as with the new Protocol on Access it happens and compare results across international project which will attempt to

bridge this gap. I call it the World Wide Photo courtesy of Ishikawa Prefecture View on Biodiversity. The project aims to raise public awareness of the issues at stake and offer good opportunities for communication and media coverage. Hopefully it will entail a deeper engage- ment with biodiversity issues amongst the general public and serve as a firm ba- sis for further awareness-raising. In 2012, on the International Day for Biological Diversity, Tuesday 22 May, thousands of people around the world are to take part in a global event: The World Wide Views on Biodiversity. The project will engage ordinary citizens in as many countries as possible in the pro- cess of policymaking to sustain a healthy planet. From dawn in the Pacific to dusk in the Americas, at least one hundred ci- tizens in each participating country will attend day long meetings to understand the biodiversity issues and express their views. Special attention will be given to young people whose vision of biodiversi- ty is to shape future policies. All meetings

10 Satoyama Shoichi Kondo, Senior Vice-Minister of the Environment, Japan age groups, countries, regions and conti- nents. A documentary film and report, Achievement of the analyzing and synthesizing the outcome of the project, will be presented at COP 11 in India in 2012. In this way the voice Aichi Targets: Looking of the public will have a direct pathway to the political decision-makers. towards the next decade World Wide Views is much more than just another opinion poll. The project is designed to enable lay citizens to express n October 2010, a number of decisions well-considered opinions on the basis of including those made on the revised sound information. The concept was suc- I Strategic Plan (“Aichi Targets”) and the cessfully used on a global scale, prior to Nagoya Protocol on ABS were adopted the COP 15 of the UN Climate Conven- at the 10th meeting of the Conference of tion in December 2009. More than 4,000 the Parties (COP 10) held in Aichi-Na- citizens from 38 countries took part in goya, Japan. The passions expressed World Wide Views on Global Warming. by those gathering in Aichi-Nagoya could Through the years, the Danish Board lead to halting the loss of biodiversity, of Technology has developed unique thereby sharing a common recognition methods to include lay citizens in of the need to recover the loss and take political decision-making – even on urgent, effective actions. complex issues. These methods are wi- The Government of Japan comple- dely recognized. ted the third revision of its national biodi- Well in advance of the meetings the versity strategy and action plan (NBSAP) participants receive information on cru- in March 2010 prior to COP 10. In line cial issues, described for the public, but with international discussions regarding reviewed by experts. At the day of the consideration of the post-2010 targets, meeting the same information is pre- this “National Biodiversity Strategy of sented in short videos. During the day Japan 2010” sets new mid-to-long-term participants through dialogue will help targets until 2050, and short-term targets each other to understand the issues and until 2020 for conserving biodiversity in In particular, we will promote interna- make up their minds. To guide this lear- our country. Moreover, some 700 mea- tional cooperation for conserving biodi- ning process the facilitators will be tho- sures to achieve these targets are also versity through bilateral and multilateral roughly trained. Interpretation is provided included in this strategy. From now on, support including ODA. As part of that if necessary. If appropriate, local readings we will ensure that these efforts are im- support, Japan announced its contribu- and reviews of the material will be arran- plemented and will plan to engage in revi- tion of one billion yen to the Japan Bio- ged in advance. sion work for achieving the Aichi Targets. diversity Fund at COP 10 for fiscal year The Danish Board of Technology In order to achieve the Aichi Targets 2010. Through this fund, we will help will coordinate the project in close par- adopted at COP 10, above all it is es- achieve the Aichi Targets in support of tnership with its sister organisations, sential for each party to develop, revise various activities including capacity-buil- universities and other knowledge institu- and then implement its own national bio- ding workshops for developing and revi- tions. The Secretariat of the CBD and the diversity strategy and action plan. Japan sing national biodiversity strategies and Danish Ministry of the Environment will will serve as president for two years un- action plans to be organized by the Se- be represented in a steering group. The til COP 11 is held in 2012, and remains cretariat of the Convention. main supporting partners will provide fee- committed to leading the promotion of The early enforcement of the Nagoya dback through a reference group. efforts for conserving biodiversity and Protocol on ABS is another major issue While the project will include both de- providing proactive support in order to we face. At COP 10, Japan announced veloping, middle income and developed overcome difficulties in planning and im- that, once agreement was reached on countries the cost will be covered by at plementation, so as to get all parties and a protocol on ABS, it was prepared to a minimum of five developed countries. various stakeholders involved in the ef- contribute one billion yen toward a mul- One of these will be Denmark and more forts being made. tilateral mechanism for supporting the partner countries are expected to join. We need as many countries as possible to support and participate in the project to turn it into a truly global event. I would “The Government of Japan remains committed to exerting therefore like to issue an open invitation the utmost efforts to further promote the conservation of to all Parties to the Convention on Biolo- gical Diversity to support and take part in biodiversity on a global scale.” this groundbreaking endeavour.

Satoyama 11 conservation of natural habitats of ge- challenges and measures to overcome the representatives of relevant interna- netic resources, conducting research obstacles, as well as employing a method tional organizations and each govern- and development, and pursuing capaci- of managing sustainable biological re- ment, including the Executive Secretary ty building for developing countries for sources in many parts of the world, pro- of the Convention on Biological Diversi- ABS. In line with adoption of the protocol moting research, raising awareness, and ty participating. During the ceremony, I at COP 10, this resource will be managed pursuing on-the-ground projects. These presented a summary of results of the as a pilot fund for “considering the need activities are primarily targeted at a hu- International Year of Biodiversity, inclu- for and modalities of a global multilate- man-influenced natural environment that ding the UN high-level meeting on bio- ral benefit-sharing mechanism” based on cannot be sustained through conventio- diversity and COP 10. Based on these Article 10 of the Protocol. Adjustments nal agricultural, forestry and fishery acti- outcomes, it is necessary to make ad- are now being made with relevant organi- vities due to such various causes as ur- vanced, concerted efforts together to- zations. Leading such efforts would help banization, industrialization, and rapid wards the conservation and restoration encourage developing countries to sign increases or decreases in population. On of biodiversity beyond 2011. I believe it is and ratify the Nagoya Protocol, thereby 19 October, 2010, the “International Par- important to promote efforts on the part achieving early enforcement of the Na- tnership for the Satoyama Initiative” was of a wide range of all stakeholders inclu- goya Protocol. launched during COP 10 with the parti- ding each government, local authorities, In addition, the Government of Ja- cipation of 51 countries and organiza- NGOs, businesses, and civil societies, pan has been advocating the “Satoyama tions. From 10 to 12 March this year, the while constructing the scheme supported Initiative”—a global effort and approach first plenary meeting will be held in Aichi by the Convention on Biological Diversi- aimed at realizing “Living in harmony prefecture to discuss future activities of ty and other biodiversity-related conven- with nature”—and promoting the sus- the Partnership. Activities under the Sa- tions, relevant UN funds, programmes tainable use of biodiversity in coopera- toyama Initiative shall be expanded and and agencies, based on the resolution tion with UN organizations including Uni- we look forward to having further parti- adopted at the 65th UN General Assem- ted Nations University and other parties. cipation in the Partnership from more bly that declared the UN Decade on Bio- In particular, the Satoyama Initiative countries and organizations. diversity as covering the years 2011 to promotes various activities based on On 18 December 2010, the closing 2020. The Government of Japan remains specific climates and socioeconomic ceremony for the International Year of committed to exerting the utmost efforts conditions in each region. These include Biodiversity was held in the city of Kana- to further promote the conservation of information sharing and an analysis of zawa, Ishikawa prefecture, Japan, with biodiversity on a global scale.

Photo courtesy of CBD

12 Satoyama Paul Boothe, Deputy Minister, Environment Canada Protecting our natural heritage

ast year, during the United Na- cannot achieve this alone. We will take tions International Year of Biodi- every opportunity to create new par- L versity, Canadians demonstrated tnerships and further engage other levels their engagement in protecting the natu- of government, business, NGOs, youth, ral treasures that build our country. The aboriginal people, and academics. challenge of harmonizing sustainable The successful outcome of these ne- economic growth with a sustainable en- gotiations in Japan also included an in- vironment requires cooperation from all ternational consensus on the adoption of even greater results in the post-2010 pe- levels of government, industry, commu- the Nagoya Protocol. This Protocol pre- riod. Canada has a special responsibili- nity organizations and all residents in Ca- sents solutions that work for all Parties, ty to model the kind of behaviour that we nada and throughout the world. and ultimately for biodiversity and the rich would like to see others adopt. I believe Canada has a long history of support natural inheritance we all share. Canada that Canada’s strength lies not just in its for the objectives of the Convention on has worked tirelessly with other negotia- majestic mountains, forests and seas- Biological Diversity (CBD). We are the tors to shape an effective protocol on ac- capes but in the commitment and de- proud host of the Secretariat, a role we cess and benefit-sharing. The adoption dication of the people who care deeply have had the privilege to enjoy for more of this new international protocol creates about conserving these special places. than 15 years. As the sixth largest contri- a balance between access to genetic re- As we move into the International Year butor to the primary financial mecha- sources with the fair and equitable sha- of Forests, Canada will also, through nism of the Biodiversity Convention, Ca- ring of benefits. It also takes into account a broad range of bilateral and multila- nada has made significant contributions the important role of traditional knowle- teral fora, continue to work closely with to the global effort to protect biodiversi- dge in that domain. This is essential in the international community on global is- ty. These include a 50% increase over the a country where aboriginal peoples play sues such as climate change and biodi- next four years in our contribution to the a major role in conservation, and in fact versity loss. Global Environment Facility. This invest- have been instrumental in the creation As Deputy Minister of Environment ment will help us support the Aichi Target of more than 25% of Canada’s protec- Canada and on behalf of the Government and the Nagoya Protocol along with the ted areas. of Canada, I am proud of the progress work of the Convention. The Government of Canada recogni- zes that the current rate of loss of biodi- versity is a serious threat, since biologi- “We take our role in advancing environmental issues very cally diverse and resilient ecosystems are critical to human well being, sustainable seriously, and we will continue to move the international development and poverty eradication. Over the past years, the Government of dialogue forward.” Canada has worked closely with its par- tners at home and abroad to conserve and protect our natural heritage. Keeping the biodiversity momentum made and our government is truly com- The 2010 G8 Leaders Muskoka De- alive, we have made substantial invest- mitted to provide the leadership and ac- claration underlined the importance of ments that support biodiversity in Cana- tion necessary to ensure that our country adopting an ambitious and achievable da. From Darkwoods, British Columbia, continues to play a constructive role in post-2010 framework under the Conven- to the Nahanni Ecosystem in the Nor- the conservation and sustainable use of tion. The Tenth meeting of the Confe- thwest Territories, to Deep Cove, No- Canada’s natural assets. rence of the Parties to the CBD that took va Scotia, and many other locations all We take our role in advancing environ- place last October in Japan successful- across Canada, our Government has ta- mental issues very seriously, and we will ly advanced this goal and reinforced our ken action to protect more than 100 mil- continue to move the international dialo- global commitment to conservation and lion hectares of land – nearly 10% of gue forward. Canadians hold a deep ap- the sustainable use of biodiversity. Canada’s land mass – and 5.6 million preciation and respect for nature as our The Aichi Target, the post-2010 fra- hectares of our oceans and Great Lakes. country’s natural wealth is a critical part mework, will sustain momentum, spur In Canada, we have used the Interna- of our inheritance. I am confident that we new efforts and make an important tional Year of Biodiversity to ramp up our can continue to work together to protect contribution to preserving biodiversity conservation efforts and to create new this inheritance for now and for genera- around the globe. But our government partnerships that will help us to achieve tions to come.

Satoyama 13 Peter Seligmann, CEO, Conservation International, and Harrison Ford, Vice Chair of the Board of Directors, Conservation International Intact forests are solution for climate and biodiversity

n the occasion of the 2010 launch of the International Year O of Biodiversity, Secretary Gene- ral Ban Ki-moon sent a clear message. He urged the international conservation community to increase understanding of the implications of losing the incredible diversity of life on this planet — and of the intricate relationship between genes, species, ecosystems and people. In the past year, two important UN conventions achieved remarkable success in forming global alliances to protect biodiversity and stabilize the climate. We strongly believe that intact “We must ensure that forests remain intact to provide us with forests are the key to making these two historic agreements work. Specifical- our basic needs and to continue to sustain the incalculable ly, healthy forests harbor a wide variety of species, provide superior stores of cultural and spiritual values of humankind.” carbon, and serve as factories for both Photos courtesy of Russell Mittermeier and Haja Rasambainarivo fresh water and clean air. For these rea- sons, 2011 — the International Year of pleased with the adoption of REDD+ animals and plants, abundant flows of Forests — presents us with a unique op- as a mechanism for reducing emissions water, healthy soils, irreplaceable medi- portunity to take action to conserve the from deforestation and forest degrada- cines and so much more. world’s forests. tion. This decision marks the transition Although this is the biggest challenge We had the privilege of attending the from a piecemeal approach to addres- we will face in the years ahead, it also 10th Conference of the Parties to the sing deforestation to a comprehensive, presents a great opportunity. It is esti- Convention on Biological Diversity in Na- global endeavor. mated that the loss of forest ecosystems goya, Japan, where developed and de- The role of forests in mitigating cli- currently costs between US$2-4.4 trillion veloping nations alike were able to look mate change must be increasingly reco- per year, far exceeding the profits to be beyond their national interests to form a gnized, as emissions resulting from defo- made from the deforested land. This is worldwide partnership to stop the biodi- restation represent approximately 15% of an opportunity for corporations to deve- versity crisis. The action plan resulting total greenhouse gas emissions. REDD+ lop new, sustainable markets. This is an from this conference included a call to not only helps to stabilize the climate by opportunity for governments to support increase the protection of terrestrial and protecting forests, but also contributes sustainable, new development paths in marine areas that are rich in species and to biodiversity conservation and pover- which standing forests are worth more provide vital services for human well- ty alleviation. Forests support the live- than felled trees. This is an opportunity being. It also included targets for redu- lihoods of more than 1.6 billion people for each of us, as individuals, to take ac- cing habitat loss and ensuring that areas — and a new paper published by Conser- tion to leave a better world for our chil- contributing to climate change mitigation vation International indicates that ade- dren than the one we inherited. and adaptation remain intact. These are quate financial support for REDD+ could This is a turning point when nations major victories for nature and the interna- reduce species extinction by as much as must demonstrate their resolve to ad- tional conservation community. 80 percent. dress the most pressing environmental In addition to the advances made Nagoya and Cancún provided mo- challenges. We must take advantage of in Nagoya, the latest UN Framework on vement in the right direction, but we still this momentum to go even further in pro- Climate Change Conference in Cancún, have a long way to go. The global popu- tecting our forests, along with the wealth Mexico, produced the first global out- lation is projected to increase from 6 to of ecosystem services and biodiversity line for how all countries will address the 9 billion people over the next 30 years, that they harbor. We must ensure that fo- climate challenge — avoiding dange- doubling the demand for energy, food rests remain intact to provide us with our rous levels of greenhouse gas emissions and water. At the same time, millions of basic needs and to continue to sustain and adapting to the impacts that already hectares of tropical forests are burned the incalculable cultural and spiritual va- are inevitable. We were particularly each year, taking with them wonderful lues of humankind.

14 Satoyama Masaru Onishi, President and COO, Japan Airlines (JAL) JAL’s commitment to biodiversity continues

s the head of an airline represent- with Siberia and we now do the same ing the host country of the tenth when flying over Alaska and Indonesia, A Conference of the Parties (COP and this can be regarded as contribut- 10) to the Convention on Biological Di- ing to these targets. We have also done versity (CBD), I am especially delight- our best to raise an overall understand- ed with the results in Nagoya. For me, ing among our customers and the gen- as I think for many people who attended eral public of the tremendous threats to COP 10, the achievements of the meet- biodiversity, which is in accordance with ing were best summed up in the words Target 1 about public awareness. Thus, of Dr. Ahmed Djoghlaf, “If Kyoto entered we will continue to pass on the message history as the city where the climate ac- of “Life in harmony, into the future.” ancient practice in this country of balanc- cord was born, Nagoya will be remem- Biodiversity does of course under- ing human needs with nature. It is there- bered as the city where the biodiversity pin all human endeavours, and for us as fore an apt symbol for the CBD, and it is accord was born.” That word “history” is, an airline it is something we feel we en- our great hope that COP 10 will make a I believe, significant. For those who at- gage with directly on a daily basis. It significant contribution in achieving such tended, it was hard to avoid the feeling is our job to bring people from differ- a balance. that we had indeed been involved in an ent cultures and societies closer togeth- I think I speak for everyone when I historic event. er. And in so doing, it is not hard to be say that it is our deep hope that the out- Two significant achievements of COP aware of biodiversity manifest in the tre- standing achievements made at COP 10 10 were the adoption of a protocol on mendous diversity that exists in those will soon develop into effective meas- access and benefit-sharing (ABS) and cultures and societies. ures that will protect further loss of the the adoption of the new Strategic Plan, I think too that the Japanese as a flora and fauna upon which our existence or Aichi Target. The establishment of an whole naturally feel some kinship with depends. COP 10 represents part of our ABS protocol, in particular, has been the efforts of the CBD. Satoyama, after obligation to pass on to future genera- one of the main goals of the United Na- which the present publication takes its tions a planet in which they can all live out tions Convention on Biological Diversi- name, is a Japanese word. It refers to the healthy and prosperous lives. ty since its creation, and something that many Parties had long wanted to estab- lish. I have the greatest respect for what “It is our deep hope that the outstanding achievements Dr. Djoghlaf and his staff—together with the efforts of all the delegates—was able made at COP 10 will soon develop into effective measures to produce. They can justly feel proud for having effected this remarkable re- that will protect further loss of the flora and fauna upon sult. Without doubt, COP 10 was one of the most successful meetings in the his- which our existence depends.” tory of the CBD. The 20 objectives of the Aichi Target, which extends until 2020, represent cru- cial goals towards stemming biodiversity loss, and each Party is expected to adopt these objectives. As a businessperson, I have great interest in Target 4, which sets the involvement of all levels of stake- holders into sustainable production and consumption. Target 11, about expand- ing protected areas, and Target 15, on the conservation and restoration of ecosys- tems, remind me of my company’s con- tribution to environmental conservation over the years. The JAL Group has been reporting wildfires spotted from the cock- pits of our planes since 2003. It began

Photos courtesy of Japan Airlines Satoyama 15 Hélène Mandroux, Maire de la Ville de Montpellier Stopper l’érosion de la biodiversité

n tant que maire de la Ville de mes concitoyens. Toutes ces actions ne Montpellier, je ne peux que me ré- peuvent se faire qu’en lien étroit avec les E jouir des résultats issus à la fois autres collectivités territoriales et l’État des négociations au sein de la COP 10 français. C’est pourquoi j’appelle de qui ont abouti à la Déclaration finale, mais mes vœux la mise en place d’une vraie aussi plus particulièrement de l’adop- politique en faveur de la biodiversité qui tion du Plan d’Action pour les villes, les prenne en compte le milieu urbain, sa ri- gouvernements infranationaux et autres chesse potentielle, son importance pour autorités locales, qui ne peut que nous la sensibilisation et la prise en compte encourager à suivre la voie dans laquelle par les habitants des villes de sa valeur et nous nous sommes déjà engagés. des services rendus par la nature. Cette adoption, proposée par le Som- La synergie à laquelle sont incités les met de 2010 sur les villes et la biodiver- gouvernements nationaux et les collecti- sité, reconnait le rôle prépondérant des vités territoriales pour lutter contre l’éro- villes, le travail important mené au sein du sion de la biodiversité ne peut être que Partenariat global sur les villes et la bio- positive et est illustrée par la désignation diversité de la Convention sur la diversi- récente de Montpellier pour accueillir le té biologique. siège du consortium mondial de la re- Les actions des villes et des autori- cherche agricole pour le développement tés locales ne peuvent se réaliser sans (GCRAI). Cette désignation récompense l’appui des gouvernements nationaux et l’engagement des collectivités territo- dans un esprit de coordination à tous les riales avec le soutien du gouvernement niveaux. La déclaration de Nagoya est français pour ce projet. C’est pour Mont- très claire à ce sujet. pellier une reconnaissance mondiale de A Montpellier, la biodiversité a été la richesse de sa communauté scienti- mise au cœur de nos préoccupations fique dans le domaine de l’agronomie notre planète est lié à une communauté politiques et un plan d’action municipal et de l’environnement, donc de la biodi- internationale d’intérêts. pour les années futures a été adopté par versité. Sa présence dans notre cité ne C’est dans cet esprit que la Ville de le conseil municipal au début de l’année peut que dynamiser cette communau- Montpellier a accueilli la première réunion 2010 pour célébrer l’Année internationale té scientifique déjà préoccupée par les pour la mise en œuvre du Plan d’Action de la biodiversité. Il convient désormais questions liées à la biodiversité, l’alimen- pour les villes et la biodiversité les 17, que des échanges s’établissent de ma- tation, l’agriculture et la ressource en eau. 18 et 19 janvier 2011, avec le soutien du nière fructueuse entre tous les niveaux de Le GCRAI est lui-même le résultat gouvernement français et sous l’égide de gouvernance (intercommunalité, Dépar- d’une synergie trouvée entre des gou- la Convention sur la diversité biologique. tement, Région et État) afin qu’une cohé- vernements, des organisations inter- Je suis résolue à participer active- rence des actions soit trouvée, afin d’œu- nationales et des fondations privées à ment, comme élue à la tête d’une ville vrer ensemble pour atteindre les objectifs l’image des partenariats prônés dans le française, à la réussite du Plan Straté- fixés par le Plan Stratégique 2011-2020. Plan d’Action pour les villes et autorités gique 2011-2020 pour stopper l’érosion Consciente que les habitants des locales adopté à la 10e Conférence des de la biodiversité, et c’est pourquoi j’ai villes sont les bénéficiaires des services Parties à Nagoya en Octobre 2010. accepté l’honneur fait à ma ville de de- rendus par la biodiversité dans de nom- La présence à Montpellier du GCRAI venir membre du comité consultatif de la breux domaines (santé, bien-être et sera pour nous également un formidable Convention pour les Villes et la Biodiver- cadre de vie, climat, alimentation, etc.), outil de sensibilisation par le biais de la sité, aux côtés de M. TREMBLAY, Maire mais qu’ils sont aussi responsables en médiation scientifique auprès des cita- de Montréal, M. DUCCI, Maire de Curiti- majorité de son érosion, je souhaite en- dins sur les liens qui existent souvent ba, Mr. NIMPTSCH, Maire de Bonn et M. gager ma ville dans un projet ambitieux, entre pratiques agricoles et perte de bio- KAWAMURA, Maire de Nagoya. avec un projet de développement urbain diversité (exemple de l’augmentation de Les résultats remarquables de cette préservant la biodiversité existante sur la demande en viande et autres produits réunion vont contribuer de manière signi- notre territoire et même l’enrichissant, d’origine animale et la disparition de mi- ficative à atteindre le résultat attendu par ceci en lien avec les territoires environ- lieux riches en biodiversité). Et c’est aus- la Convention des 193 signataires qui est nants. De la même façon, je souhaite si l’image des liens qui unissent les pays d’atteindre, dans les 10 années à venir, donner plus d’ampleur aux actions de du Nord et du Sud dans un organisme les 20 objectifs fixés à Nagoya en Oc- sensibilisation de la population sur la pro- de coopération internationale qui pourra tobre dernier pour stopper l’inacceptable tection de la biodiversité, afin de modifier aussi être mis en valeur auprès de tous érosion du patrimoine vivant de notre pla- le mode de vie et de consommation de les citoyens pour montrer que l’avenir de nète, sa biodiversité.

16 Satoyama Gérald Tremblay, Mayor of Montréal Cities are now acknowledged partners in the fight to preserve biodiversity

As Mayor of Montréal I am proud of demonstrating our commitment to deve- this important step. The time had come lop a local strategy that meets the provi- for States to recognize the role of cities sions of the United Nations Environment as certain biodiversity challenges are es- Programme. sentially urban issues. Consequently, ci- The International Year of Biodiversi- ties will have to act. ty has come to an end and the time has For Montréal, urban sprawl and the re- come to take stock of our actions. And sulting damaging effects on biodiversity while we can celebrate the fact that our represent a major challenge. A number of collective efforts have successfully led to cities share the same problem. Allow me the recognition of cities as essential par- to remind you that as long as cities do not tners in the fight to preserve biodiversi- find other sources of revenue the pres- ty, our work is far from over. For example, sure caused by urban sprawl will conti- cities need financial levers to ensure they nue to rise. can successfully implement their pro- Fighting climate change is another jects. At the same time we must continue he 2010 International Year of Bio- challenge for Montréal. That is why our our actions on the international scene, in- diversity provided us with an op- city is committed to reducing greenhouse crease local initiatives, create awareness T portunity to raise awareness gas emissions by 30% by the year 2020. amongst members of the community and around the world of the fragility of our We have the responsibility to provide our mobilize our different forces. ecosystems and the need to protect community with an enviable quality of life, Cities still have much to accomplish these habitats. Several local actions have which includes improving air quality. in 2011.The year has been proclaimed been carried out. The Conference of the We must open our eyes and look to the International Year of Forests, which Parties, under the aegis of the United Na- the future. We can no longer deal with is in continuity with the International Year tions, which was held in Nagoya, was a biological diversity and climate change of Biodiversity. This will provide us with highlight of the event in view of the num- as separate issues as both are closely re- an opportunity to reflect on the words of ber of delegates present and the vast me- lated. Montréal understands this reality. Kofi Annan who, in 2005, said, “A state dia coverage it received. This event will In fact, this is why, along with the efforts which treats local authorities as partners, have major consequences for the future. that are being deployed in the area of cli- and allows public tasks to be carried out Through the new strategic plan for 2011- mate change, we signed a Local Action by those closest to the citizens, will be 2020 we now have a new agenda. Na- on Biodiversity (LAB) agreement, thereby stronger not weaker.” goya was a turning point in the struggle to preserve biodiversity and from now on cities and local authorities will be consi- “The time has come for States to recognize the role of cities as dered as partners of States. For the first time the Convention on certain biodiversity challenges are essentially urban issues.” Biological Diversity included a section on cities and adopted the Plan of Action on Cities, Local Authorities and Biodiversi- ty. This represents a major acknowledge- ment because national governments are now invited to work in partnership with ci- ties as part of their strategy on biological diversity. For example, some 193 states are now required to include cities in their national strategies. Cities are actually the ones carrying out a variety of pro-biodiversity actions. These include: the biodiversity corridors in Paris, London’s biodiversity strategy, green roofs in Chicago, Seattle’s Climate Protection Initiative, High Line Park in New York and Montréal’s eco-territories.

Photo courtesy of CBD Satoyama 17 Luc Gnacadja, Executive Secretary of the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) Synergy among sister Rio conventions indispensable

versa. And recovery of the one enables that are consumed by a significant popu- recovery of the other. Indeed, Professor lation of the world. Drylands still harbour Uriel Safriel, one of world’s top scientists the wild relatives and progenitors of these on land degradation, has argued that seeds. They are the natural seed banks land degradation begins with the des- that will provide food security of future truction of biological diversity. generations. But some of the ecosystems Prolonged land degradation makes are losing their endemic species at extre- plant growth well nigh impossible. The- mely high rates. Conservation Internatio- refore, the recovery of lost biological di- nal reported in 2005 that 8 of the 25 bio- versity seems contingent upon the reha- diversity ‘hot spots’ are in the drylands. bilitation of land. That the most extensive No doubt, efforts to preserve the fertility recovery of degraded land between 1983 of the land in such areas would likely also and 2003 occurred in the drylands should minimize this biodiversity loss. make these areas prime targets for the Perhaps the strongest justification recovery and preservation of its ende- yet for such collaboration is the recent mic biodiversity, and collaboration with unearthing of the range, amount and va- the UNCCD of strategic importance to lue of biodiversity in the soil. It is esti- the CBD. mated that only 1% of the soil micro-or- hilosophers, from Greek, to In- This movement towards collabora- ganism species are known, and that one dian to the Chinese, believed that tion is gaining currency with the growing gram of soil can contain up to a billion P life on Earth was held in balance realization that there is no direct rela- bacteria cells and 10,000 different bac- by external forces and sustained by a tionship between the range of species in terial genomes. The biodiversity resident few key elements, an idea that does not an ecosystem and the economic value in the soil is not only critical for the sus- seem far-fetched in the context of the of its biodiversity. In the past, the deve- tenance of the plant biodiversity, but al- environment. A few key elements main- lopment of the drylands was neglected so essential for fighting pests. It is esti- tain the environmental balance. The at- on the assumption that they are of little mated that the improper management of mosphere, land, water and biodiversity economic value. Yet, drylands are the an- this soil biodiversity amounts to a loss of are part of this package and our ability to cestral home of 30% of all the plants un- 1 trillion dollars every year. sustain the balance among them will de- der cultivation today, including globally UNCCD is strongly committed to termine our success in achieving sustai- sought after seeds such as wheat, bar- such holistic collaboration with CBD nable development. ley, rye, oats, olive, sorghum and cotton and the UN Framework Convention on This is why, we, at the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) have been keen and remained consistent in our call for enhanced colla- boration and cooperation among the key actors at the national level involved in im- plementing the conventions on Biological Diversity (CBD) and on Desertification, but also on matters of climate change and water. The outcomes of the Aichi, Nagoya, 10th session of the Conference of the Parties to the CBD, made some es- sential steps towards sealing this policy gap, in particular with regard to collabo- ration between CBD and UNCCD actors. Collaboration in our efforts to conserve biodiversity or combat land degradation is indispensable because of their co-dependent nature. The loss of biodiversity is almost, inevitably, followed by a deterioration of the soil and vice

Photo courtesy of CBD 18 Satoyama Irina Bokova, Director-General, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)

Climate Change (UNFCCC). And the Rio Conventions Ecosystems Pavilion is a The stakes were high for the prime example. The Pavilion is an innova- tive learning forum showcasing ongoing biodiversity summit in Nagoya collaboration between the Rio Conven- tions, best practices on collaboration and the challenge was met and information sharing on issues of cross-cutting concern. Some of the ele- ven targets used to assess land degrada- tion by UNCCD Parties, especially land ard work and good will allowed cover status and plant and animal bio- the 10th meeting of the Confe- diversity, provide CBD Parties with a to- H rence of the Parties (COP 10) to ol for monitoring changes in biodiversity the Convention on Biological Diversity in the drylands. (CBD) to set out a vision for future ac- The future offers opportunities for tion. The Strategic Plan for Biodiversity collaboration at the field, operational and for the period 2011-2020 defines ambi- policy levels, especially with the decla- tious new targets to be reached by all ration of 2010-2020 as the UN Decade countries. The United Nations Educatio- for Deserts and the Fight against De- nal, Scientific and Cultural Organization sertification and 2011-2020 as the UN (UNESCO) will continue to support all in- Decade for Biodiversity. At the field le- ternational and national efforts to safe- vel, there is great potential for collabo- guard biodiversity and use it sustainably. ration in educating and raising public Every day that passes tells the story awareness about the interdependence of the dangers of the loss of biodiversity. of these resources, and in empowering At the global and local level, biological affected populations to pursue sustai- diversity is changing at an unpreceden- nable land management practices. At ted rate. Humanity is borrowing against the operational level, the CBD and UNC- its own future. After the Nagoya biodiversity sum- CD could provide cutting-edge knowle- UNESCO’s starting point is that mit, our work must move ahead across dge on critical issues and policy-gaps of biodiversity is necessary for a healthy a broad front. mutual interest. Dry forests in the tropics world and healthy societies. Diversity Innovation and flexibility are key. Buil- and temperate zones and soil biodiversi- in all of its forms is vital for ecological ding a green global economy requires the ty are among these. And at the policy le- and social resilience – the ability to em- development of new partnerships – wi- vel, UNCCD and CBD Parties could pay brace change, dampen its negative im- thin the international community, with greater attention to how each of their po- pact and make the most of its opportu- the private sector, civil society, schools licy instruments reverberate across the nities. In my view, this builds upon the and universities and non-governmental other policy areas. inextricable link between biological and organizations. It means also deepening Looking ahead, the Rio+20 Summit cultural diversity. Getting this link right is cooperation between the North and the in 2012 is as much an opportunity to re- vital for building sustainable models of South and within the South itself. new the momentum and collaborative development. Culture and nature must The policy response must be as mul- spirit that began in Rio as it is an occa- marry harmoniously. ti-faceted as are the challenges. We must sion to reflect on the past, and grow. So I see this as the agenda for the cen- sharpen national science and technolo- let me highlight two important lessons. tury ahead. This is the way to meet the gy polices, explore the social transfor- First, where drylands were viewed with Millennium Development Goals and mations that stem from climate change, a lens that cast them as wastelands, the to move beyond them. This is the mes- bolster education for sustainable deve- new evidence suggests that they are in sage that we must bring to the 2012 lopment, and debate the ethics of biodi- fact assets and the new frontier for in- UN Conference on Sustainable Develop- versity. UNESCO will continue to work at vestment. Second, there is a need for a ment – Rio+20. all of these levels. new lens in policy crafting. The notion of self-interest in global public policy has become unacceptable to the public. Rather, they are expecting us to design “Education is a frontline for safeguarding biodiversity… smart policies that will maintain our eco- logical balance so that everyone’s survi- We will continue to mainstream biodiversity-related issues val is guaranteed. Maintaining a holistic perspective across the key elements of and sustainable development into quality education for all, our environment so that policies are not skewed in any one direction is central to inside and outside the classroom.” such a venture.

Satoyama 19 UNESCO’s intergovernmental and and Lands will continue to train African work of the initiative on the Economics of international programmes in the fields of experts on the sustainable use of tropical Ecosystems and Biodiversity is excellent ecosystems, inland water, oceans and forests and resources in Africa. in this respect. At the same time, we must geosciences will continue to support To meet the targets set by the Na- continue to promote the intrinsic, cultu- the work of the CBD. Under its World goya summit requires the United Nations ral and ethical values of biological diver- Heritage Convention, UNESCO will as a whole to work together. For its part, sity. The scientific stakes of biodiversity remain actively engaged in the conser- UNESCO will take forward the Joint Pro- must be explored, taking into account all vation of natural heritage of outstan- gramme with the Secretariat of the CBD knowledge systems, including traditional ding universal value. Through its Man to mainstream the links between biologi- and indigenous knowledge. UNESCO will and the Biosphere (MAB) Programme, cal and cultural diversity. This programme continue to support the Intergovernmen- it will continue to explore the ways was initiated at the International Confe- tal Science-Policy Platform on Biodiver- of bringing together biodiversity conser- rence on Biological and Cultural Diver- sity and Ecosystem Services. vation and sustainable use and social, sity held in Montreal in June 2010. The Education is a frontline for safeguar- economic and cultural development Nagoya summit recognized this coo- ding biodiversity, and an area of unique of local communities. UNESCO’s Bios- peration as a “useful co-ordination me- UNESCO expertise. We will continue to phere Reserves –564 sites in 109 chanism to advance the implementation mainstream issues relating to biological countries – will be further developed as of the Convention and deepen global diversity and sustainable development unique learning sites for the manage- awareness of the interlinkages between into quality education for all, inside and ment of complex socio-ecological sys- cultural and biological diversity.” State outside the classroom. tems. Their long-standing experience in Parties and other relevant actors were We must build on the success of the the field of community-based sustainable invited to support the implementation of 2010 International Year of Biodiversity to practices will be shared with new biodi- the Joint Programme. With this, the im- take forward the UN Decade on Biodi- versity initiatives, including the Satoya- portance of cultural diversity for percei- versity (2011-2020). Our overall goals are ma Initiative. ving, shaping and managing biological clear – to build stronger social and ecolo- Particular attention will be given to diversity has been recognized. We must gical resilience as pillars of a sustainable building capacity in the most vulnerable take this agenda forward. future. The two go hand in hand. The Na- ecosystems. The UNESCO Regional Policy must be comprehensive. The goya summit set out a clear work plan. It Post-graduate Training School on Inte- economic value of biodiversity must be is now our job to help States and socie- grated Management of Tropical Forests recognized and better understood. The ties take it forward.

Photo courtesy of CBD

20 Satoyama Julia Marton-Lefèvre, Director General, IUCN, the International Union for Conservation of Nature Carrying the spirit of Nagoya into the next decade

s Japan’s Minister Matsumoto of the Nagoya Protocol on Access and gavelled the tenth meeting of the Benefit-Sharing, to ensure that the A Conference of the Parties to the third objective of the Convention is ful- Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) ly realized. to a close, all of us in the global conser- IUCN’s work in the area of economics, vation community had a genuine cause business and biodiversity will look at for celebration. The standing ovation in changing the current economic and bu- the conference hall evidenced the ge- siness model towards one that properly sub-national level. neral feeling of having taken a big step values our natural capital. In particular, it Delivering on the promise of Na- forward towards sustaining life on Earth. will build upon the success of The Eco- goya will ultimately depend on how well Thanks to the landmark achievements nomics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity the Convention is implemented at the of the Nagoya biodiversity summit, no- (TEEB) report, and work with TEEB par- country level, through the National Biodi- tably the agreement on access and bene- tners in moving from desk study to re- versity Strategies and Action Plans (NB- fit-sharing, resource mobilization and a sults-based action. SAPs). It is therefore imperative that the strategic plan for biodiversity for the next Ensuring that the flow of benefits from global Strategic Plan targets are trans- decade, we now have the basic building biodiversity and ecosystems reach those lated into nationally applicable targets, blocks to really make a difference to how who are most dependent on them, and which are developed through full invol- we value, protect and respect nature. those who contribute directly to their vement of all stakeholders. With the agreements in place, conservation, will be central to IUCN’s Here again, IUCN offers its exper- our sense of jubilation must make way work on livelihoods and social policy. tise and decentralized structure to share for a lot more hard work over the next Finally, spreading the biodiversity its technical knowledge and support decade—beginning now. We at IUCN message beyond the conservation com- national capacity building initiatives to have fully embraced the vision of munity is crucial for succeeding in our provide a solid foundation for the imple- the 2011-2020 Strategic Plan, known as quest for living in harmony with nature— mentation of the Strategic Plan and its the “Aichi Target”, and are now conside- and that’s where IUCN will deploy its edu- targets worldwide. ring precisely how we can contribute to cation and communication resources. 2011 will be the first litmus test for achieving it. Furthermore, in preparing for its next the international community to demons- From mainstreaming biodiversity and World Conservation Congress, to be held trate that it is able to continue the mo- addressing the underlying causes of its in Jeju, Republic of Korea, in September mentum generated at Nagoya and deli- loss, to building knowledge and capacity 2012, IUCN is looking at incorporating ver on the commitments made in 2010. for the enhanced implementation of the the outcomes of Nagoya in its own future We must therefore maintain the sense of Convention, all of IUCN’s machinery — programme of work, starting with the re- ownership and the spirit of cooperation its thematic and regional programmes, gional conservation forums that will take that drove the successful outcome of Na- networks of expert commissions and place throughout 2011. The theme of the goya in the first place. worldwide membership—will support Congress, “Nature+”, echoes the Aichi IUCN, with its community of more translating Nagoya outcomes into tan- Target vision of “Living in harmony with than 1,000 Members, some 12,000 gible action. nature” and explores the manifold bene- scientists and experts and 1,000 staff First and foremost, IUCN will conti- fits of healthy and robust ecosystems located in all parts of the world, stands nue to play an active role in improving the and biodiversity for human well-being. ready to turn these ambitious plans into conservation status of species and eco- The adopted 10-year plan for biodi- reality. We know that conservation works, systems and promoting their sustainable versity provides a simple and flexible fra- and that we have the expertise, the wil- use, building on the leading work of its mework that will enable us all to use its lingness and the resources to step up to Species Survival Commission and Com- mission, vision and targets as reference the challenge and carry the spirit of Na- mission on Ecosystem Management. for our work at the regional, national and goya into the next decade and beyond. For its part, the IUCN World Com- mission on Protected Areas will focus on realizing the target of having at least “2011 will be the first litmus test for the international 17% of terrestrial and inland water and 10% of coastal and marine areas under community to demonstrate that it is able to continue protection by 2020. IUCN’s environmental law activities the momentum generated at Nagoya and deliver on the will actively support the implementation commitments made in 2010.”

Satoyama 21 Yukiko Omura, Vice President, International Fund for Agricultural Development Smallholders in global biodiversity squeeze

of the more than 9 billion people pro- The choice between reducing poverty, jected to comprise the world population addressing climate change, feeding the by 2050 depends on us doing so. Small- world or protecting biodiversity is a false holders are central to feeding the world one. We need an integrated approach to now, and in the decades to come. World- sustainable development. This is why we wide there are 500 million farms of less at IFAD have adopted a Climate Change than two hectares in size and they are Strategy to make our operations “climate stewards of a large share of the world’s smart”. We will present IFAD’s first En- natural environment. IFAD is working with vironment and Natural Resource Man- them to expand their production sustain- agement Policy to our Executive Board ably and tap into national and internation- for endorsement this spring. Embedded t the tenth meeting of the Con- al markets. in the Policy, and examined at length in ference of the Parties (COP 10) Biodiversity is fundamental as the our Rural Poverty Report 2011, is the rec- A in Nagoya, I was deeply en- basis for agriculture and both are crucial ognition that sustainable agricultural in- couraged to see consensus that global in reducing poverty and maintaining and tensification should be rapidly scaled up development, food security, climate improving global food security. If agricul- through a program of increased invest- adaptation and even emissions reduc- tural systems are to be productive and ments to launch an “evergreen” revo- tions depend on production systems that sustainable, they need clean water and lution. This new green revolution must protect and restore rather than deplete healthy soil, and a variety of genetic re- avoid the sometimes excessive exter- the natural resource base. This is particu- sources and ecological processes. Bio- nal, non-organic input-focus of the first larly meaningful for the rural poor people diversity is also important for enhancing green revolution that resulted too often that the International Fund for Agricultur- poor farmers’ and indigenous peoples’ in carbon depleted soils and soil salin- al Development (IFAD) works with: they resilience to climate change, pests, dis- ization, decimated water tables and the rely directly on natural resources to es- eases and other threats. pollution of waterways and aquifers, with cape poverty, feed themselves, withstand a changing climate and pursue low car- bon development pathways. Seventy per cent of the poor- “Biodiversity is fundamental as the basis for agriculture est people sharing our planet – about one billion living on less than US$1.25 and both are crucial in reducing poverty and maintaining per day – live in rural areas and depend on agriculture for their livelihoods. and improving global food security.” Their dependence on healthy and re- silient ecosystems is in stark contrast Photo courtesy of iStock Photo to rapid rates of land and water deg- radation, and subsequent biodiversity loss, which the past two decades have wrought in developing countries. With in- creasing national and global competition for scarce resources pushing rural poor people onto some of the most marginal and climatically vulnerable land, they oc- cupy the borderlands of our global soci- ety’s efforts to satisfy rising standards of living for a rising population and nature’s struggle to preserve itself. The IFAD will be a dedicated part- ner in supporting implementation of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) 2011-2020 Strategic Plan because the ability of smallholder farmers to play a greater role to help feed a large share

22 Satoyama Kazuhiko Takeuchi, Vice-Rector, United Nations University (UNU); Director, United Nations University Institute for Sustainability and Peace (UNU-ISP) negative consequences for both human health and biodiversity. Supporting human- There are differences in the various terms used to describe “sustainable agricultural intensification” but there influenced natural are clear common features, and all of these reinforce the potential of agri- environments culture to conserve natural resources and do environmental good while in- creasing yields. These include a focus on improved soil and water manage- esponding to requests from the ment; soil fertility enhancement through High-Level Meeting of the Uni- the harnessing of ecological processes; R ted Nations General Assembly the use of crop varieties and livestock on Biodiversity held in September 2010, breeds that have a high ratio of produc- the Tenth Meeting of the Conference of tivity to use of externally-derived inputs; the Parties (COP 10) to the Convention better use of traditional and new know- on Biological Diversity (CBD) adopted ledge and technologies, in particular important decisions, including the Stra- those that maintain the biological pro- tegic Plan of the CBD 2011-2020 with cesses and ecosystems that sustain 20 headline targets, called Aichi Tar- production; and productive use of hu- gets, under five strategic goals and the man capital in the form of knowledge and Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic capacity to adapt and innovate. IFAD and Resources and the Fair and Equitable partners are piloting these approaches in Sharing of Benefits Arising from their Uti- support of the CBD 2011-2020 Strategic lisation to achieve the three objectives of Plan and will seek to scale them up over the Convention. It should be recognised the next decade. that the success of COP 10 was in rege- IFAD will also continue to pilot and nerating hope in an international commu- scale up mechanisms to deliver pay- nity that had almost lost its confidence the International Partnership for the Sa- ments or other forms of compensation in reaching an agreement to tackle glo- toyama Initiative (IPSI) was launched by to smallholder farmers, livestock pro- bal environmental problems between de- its 51 founding member organisations ducers and poor rural communities for veloping and developed countries at the to maintain, revitalise and rebuild socio- providing environmental services that UN Framework Convention on Climate ecological production landscapes around bolster biodiversity (Payment for Environ- Change – COP 15 in Copenhagen, 2009. the world. These landscapes, including mental Services). PES has the potential In the High-Level Segment, the Uni- satoyama in Japan, face serious chal- to be a significant incentive for adopt- ted Nations University (UNU) mentioned lenges such as unplanned urbanisation, ing environmentally sustainable practi- its many important contributions to the over-use and abandonment. ces across landscapes, and a stepping Convention, including supporting the Sa- Also during the Conference, UNU, stone out of poverty for large numbers of toyama Initiative, assisting in the deve- the Ministry of the Environment – Japan rural poor people. lopment of a global overview of National and the Global Environmental Outreach Successfully enabling rural poor com- Biodiversity Strategies and Action Plans, Centre (GEOC), in co-operation with pre- munities to manage their natural assets – developing a methodology to assess fectural governments in Japan including land, water, biodiversity – will ultimately agro-diversity, following up the Millen- those of Aichi, Hyogo, Ishikawa, Shiga depend on their access to land and ten- nium Ecosystem Assessment and imple- and Shizuoka, organised the Satoyama ure security, on market access and on menting Education for Sustainable Deve- Governors’ Summits which discussed policy measures from the international to lopment. The UNU also emphasised the ways to link the maintenance and rebuil- the local level. In addition to governance need for a holistic approach to cope with ding of satoyama (terrestrial) and satou- issues, agricultural research that focus- the global environmental problems of cli- mi (coastal) landscapes with biodiversity es on smallholders must be stepped up mate change, loss of biodiversity and de- conservation and sustainable use to re- and disseminated to inform policymakers sertification and introduced the Univer- vitalise local communities. and communities themselves to support sity Network for Climate and Ecosystem sustainable agricultural intensification. Change Adaptation Research (CECAR) The Biodiversity Governors’ Summits Whether we as a global community suc- to promote knowledge creation, com- ceed in reversing biodiversity loss and munity empowerment and research col- The summit, held in Nagoya 19-20 shifting to sustainable production sys- laboration as one of UNU’s efforts for this October 2010, was a public forum at- tems will depend largely on whether or purpose. The UNU promised to rise to tended by approximately 300 people that not we can support the rural poor to do it. the challenge and to play its roles fully as showcased policy initiatives of the pre- They are frontline custodians of our plan- promulgated in the UNU Charter. fectural governments in Japan. It was al- et’s biodiversity. On the second day of the conference, so intended to advance dialogue through

Satoyama 23 Photo courtesy of CBD

• Co-operation with the International Partnership for the Satoyama Initia- tive and a forum on cities and bio- diversity to be established as an activity of the CBD Cities and Biodi- versity Initiative • Formulation of a long-term strate- gy for the revitalisation of satoyama and satoumi landscapes.

Conclusions and way-forward The Satoyama Initiative was recogni- sed as a potentially useful tool to bet- ter understand and support human-in- fluenced natural environment for the benefit of biodiversity and human well- being in the Decision on Sustainable Use. The Decision invites governments and re- levant organisations to participate in the International Peace and Security Insti- tute (IPSI). The Decision on the Plan of Action on Subnational Governments, Cities and Other Local Authorities for Biodiversity was also adopted. It was requested that subnational and local strategies and cor- responding action plans of local govern- ments, including prefectures, support na- tional action plans and strategies. In this context, I hope that the Sa- toyama Governors’ Summits will be fol- a panel discussion on the crucial role Based on the two Summit meetings, lowed up through relevant activities un- that regional-level initiatives focusing on the message of the Satoyama Gover- der the Satoyama Initiative. This will help biodiversity in human-influenced eco- nors’ Summit towards the sustainable contribute to achieving the vision of the systems can play in the implementation use of satoyama/satoumi landscapes Strategic Plan which called for actions to of the CBD. These events were intended and regional revitalisation was drawn up maintain ecosystem services, sustain a as a first step towards the development and handed over to Dr. Djoghlaf, CBD healthy planet and deliver benefits essen- of regional networks on biodiversity is- Executive Secretary. The message was tial for all people by 2050. sues, providing the missing link between also introduced at the City Biodiversity Recently, the 65th Session of the Uni- existing mechanisms for concerted ac- Summit 2010 as well as at a side event ted Nations General Assembly decided tions at the local and international le- organised by the Secretariat of the CBD. to declare the UN Decade on Biodiversity vels. Model projects of the formation of This message emphasises that 2011-2020 with a view to contributing to ecosystem networks, by using the Aichi the Satoyama Initiative should be pro- the implementation of the Strategic Plan Biodiversity Potential Map, satoyama moted by partners in Japan and world- for Biodiversity for that period, respon- conservation programmes led by busi- wide, sharing approaches that draw on ding to the COP 10 decision. The Secre- nesses and urban residents in the Ishi- the values and wisdom associated with tary-General, with the support of the CBD kawa prefecture, the promotion of Hyo- a diversity of ecosystem services, inte- Secretariat, will lead the development of go’s new forest project for the restoration grating traditional knowledge with mo- an action plan for the Decade. The UNU of satoyama forests, and the formulation dern science and exploring new forms hopes that the Decade will accelerate the of biodiversity strategies by each prefec- of co-management, with the aim of buil- implementation of the decisions agreed ture were presented. ding societies where humans and nature upon at COP 10 including that on the Sa- On the following day, a CBD/COP 10 can coexist. toyama Initiative. side event (Satoyama Governors’ Sum- It prioritises the following three points (Note: Satoyama is a Japanese word mit) presented the results of the Summit, for further actions: that means a mosaic of different eco- including biodiversity-focused policies • Developing networks to share infor- systems, including secondary forests, and initiatives by Japan’s prefectural go- mation and experiences, and dis- that co-exist with human settlements vernments, to the international audience seminating advanced initiatives and that have been managed to pro- assembled at COP 10 for their conside- through cooperation among regional duce bundles of ecosystem services for ration and discussion. policy makers human well-being.)

24 Satoyama Sarah Brunel, Agronomist, graduated from the Sorbonne in international affairs Protecting biodiversity: A new mission for the military in the 21st century?

the issue: the North Atlantic Treaty Or- Central Asia, Eastern Europe, South Cau- ganisation (NATO) explored how to inte- casus and South Eastern Europe. The grate environmental considerations into projects include management of natural national and international security instru- resources such as water, industrial pollu- ments in its report Environment and Se- tion, and awareness-raising on environ- curity in an International Context (1999); mental topics. In recent projects, specific the Organisation for Economic Co-opera- actions related to biodiversity protection tion and Development (OECD) produced were undertaken, for example the trans- a State-of-the-art review of environment, boundary cooperation on the Carpathian security and development co-operation mountain biodiversity. in 2000, etc. Countries also play an innovative role. The links between biodiversity and mi- Many countries have integrated environ- litary activities have rarely been direct- mental security into their policies and ac- ly considered. The negative impacts of tivities. Kingham (2006) inventoried such rotecting biodiversity is by es- wars and conflicts on the environment integration in the activities of several sence pluri and inter-disciplinary have been well documented, and Mc countries such as the United Kingdom, P and involves biological, agricul- Neely (2005) identified that the destruc- the Netherlands, Canada, and Japan. tural, economic, anthropologic, and po- tion of biodiversity during conflicts re- The experiences of the United States and litical aspects. While connections are duces ecosystem services and impove- India are very interesting. In the United increasingly being made between agri- rishes the human populations relying on States, many environmental security pro- culture, the economy and biodiversity, them. After presenting the leading expe- grammes are conducted under the um- the link with the security sector remains riences linking biodiversity and security brella of various Departments (e.g. De- to be explored. Concerns for “environ- within international organisations, United partment of Defense (DoD), Department mental security” arose in the 1970s with, States and India, the way in which the se- of State (DoS)). Of notable importance is among other authors, Lester Brown, who curity sector is investing biodiversity mat- the creation in 1990 of the Army Environ- suggested extending the concept of se- ters will be considered. mental Policy Institute with its mission curity to human health and environmen- to “Assist the Army Secretariat in deve- tal resources. After the fall of the Berlin Leading experiences linking loping proactive policies and strategies Wall in 1989, natural disasters and envi- biodiversity and security to address emerging environmental is- ronmental matters gained importance wi- Since the end of the bipolar world sues that may have significant future im- thin the security realm, in particular with marked by the fall of the Berlin Wall, the pact on sustainment of Army installation the publication in 1993 of the United Na- security sector has had to reconvert and and operations”. After undertaking the tions Department for Disarmament Affairs adapt. Both international organisations greening of their military installations in report Potential uses of military-related and countries include these concepts in the 1990s to be consistent with environ- resources for protection of the environ- their activities. mental legislations, the United States in- ment. A categorisation of environmental International organisations experi- tegrated environmental concerns into its conflicts was undertaken by Schwartz ment on the issue of environmental se- National Security Strategies. In parallel, & Singh in 1999 for the United Nations curity. In particular UNEP, the United Na- projects of international environmental Environment Programme (UNEP), and tions Development Programme (UNDP), cooperation were developed by the De- Renner suggested in 2007 that natural NATO, the Organisation for Security and partment of Defense, engaging coopera- resources had played a role in about a Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), as well tion programmes with numerous foreign quarter of the 50 most recent conflicts as other partners, have united in an in- countries (United States Department of and wars. novative programme titled “Environment Defense, 2001). Extensive academic research ana- and Security Initiative” (ENVSEC). The The Indian Army is the only army in lyses the mechanisms linking natural re- ENVSEC programme “works to assess the world that has had units dedicated sources (including forests, fisheries, etc. and address environmental problems, to ecological restoration since the 1980s: that comprise biodiversity) and conflicts, which threaten or are perceived to threa- the “Ecological Task Forces” (ETF). Other as well as the role of the abundance ten security, societal stability and peace, than managing the 8.5 million hectares of or the scarcity of natural resources in human health and/or sustainable liveli- military land, the Indian Army can deploy conflicts (see the works of Homer-Dixon, hoods, within and across national bor- ETF throughout the whole country upon Kaplan, Salih, Le Billon, Collier). Interna- ders in conflict-prone regions”. Regio- the request of Indian States. These units tional organisations have also taken up nal projects are being implemented in are financed by both Indian States and

Satoyama 25 the Ministry of the Environment and Fo- “environmental terrorism” seems to ap- environmental matters in other countries rest. The role of the ETFs is gaining atten- pear as a new threat. Such a term can to promote their activities, allowing fruit- tion and recognition, and an increasing include both the use of the environment ful partnerships between the United number of these units is requested by In- as a destructive tool (e.g. through the re- States and European countries. dian States. Indeed, in addition to resol- lease of biological agents), and attacks ving important ecological problems (e.g. against the environment (such as the Conclusion forestation, management of invasive alien deliberate contamination of water or of Exploring the link between biodiversi- species, etc.), these units allow a dialo- agricultural and natural resources). NATO ty and security activities therefore seems gue to be engaged with neighbouring mi- increasingly works on this issue, and legitimate and opens a wide area of re- litaries, therefore playing an important di- has organised workshops on “Envi- search. The environmental cause may plomatic role. ronmental security and eco-terrorism”, also be used to serve the military and In addition to international organi- “Ethics, morality and the law: managing security goals, by representing an op- sations and governments, think tanks bio-terrorism threats”, etc. portunity for communication on the Ar- and non-governmental organisations Linking environment and security my’s good practices with civilians, and to are taking a leading role in the exchange may also lead to the use of the environ- engage the dialogue with other countries. of ideas on environmental security. Think mental cause for political and strategic The environment and biodiversity may as tanks such as the Institute for Environ- designs. Biodiversity seems to represent well represent new factors to engage the mental Security based in the Nether- an opportunity for the security sector armies in foreign countries, particular- lands, the Woodrow Wilson Interna- to communicate with civilians and milita- ly when considering eco-humanitarian tional Center for Scholars based in the ry forces from other countries. The Army interventions and the new links between USA or the Institute for Defense Studies (this is particularly true for the US Army) the militaries and humanitarians. The and Analyses based in India have set de- promotes itself as a good environment positioning of the security sector on en- dicated programmes (see their websites practitioner, or even as a major player vironmental matters questions about for further information). Environmental in the environmental protection field. the dialogue between these two worlds. non-governmental organisations usually This new message of the army could at- Environmentalists have seen the envi- only touch the topic marginally, although tract the attention and support of the ge- ronment as a tool to prevent conflicts the World Conservation Union (IUCN) neral public, which increasingly chal- and to promote peace by setting trans- has set an experts group on environmen- lenges the role and budgets of the army boundary protection areas and parks tal security. Although attempts of dia- (see the very well maintained DoD Envi- (e.g. between Israel and Jordan for the logue between the environmental and se- ronment, Safety and Occupational Health protection of marine biodiversity) (see curity sectors are just being set in place, Network and Information Exchange Sandwith et al., 2001). Environmenta- the security sector appears to be already network website for examples). In ad- lists and environmental institutions cer- well aware of environmental and biodi- dition, the American sectors in charge tainly have proposals to make and a pro- versity issues. of environmental security also organise active role to play in this dialogue with the several conferences and workshops on security sector. How does the security sector invest in biodiversity matters? Photo courtesy of Ishikawa Prefecture The security sector is more and more interested in environmental and biodiver- sity matters. Military missions have to in- tegrate environmental aspects to be in conformity with environmental laws, in particular on military sites. Although en- vironmental impacts cannot be dissocia- ted from military operations, some pro- cedures are in place to minimise such impacts. As an example, the US Depart- ment of the Army published a report in 2000 titled Environmental considerations in military operations explaining that the protection of ecosystems, the presence of specific species, of wetlands, of fo- rests or of crops should be analysed prior to undertaking actions that could be de- trimental over large areas, and that the Army and the Marines have to comply with the federal, national, local or host country’s (when engaged abroad) en- vironmental legislations. In addition,

26 Satoyama Kenzo Oshima, Senior Vice President, Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) Committed to eradicating poverty and ensuring environmental sustainability

mainstreaming biodiversity into their res- to not only eradicating extreme poverty pective priorities. but at the same time ensuring environ- In particular, the forum’s discussion mental sustainability. As a responsible took up three major themes: How to en- member of the global society, Japan sure “coherence” between development is strongly committed to achieving this and protection of biodiversity; “sharing objective, employing various tools and experiences” of successes and failures schemes available to it, including an ef- in mainstreaming biodiversity in develop- fective integration of the poverty eradica- ment cooperation; and ways to ensure tion programs and biodiversity conserva- “synergies” among development actors tion agendas. in the implementation of the biodiversi- As Japan’s leading aid agency, ty-related international instruments in JICA has long been involved in the area order to effectively fulfill the UN Millen- of nature conservation and natural re- nium Development Goals (MDGs). The source management. For example, with outcome of the discussion was summa- respect to protected area management, rized as the “Declaration on Biodiversity which is one of the key elements neces- ommemorating the Internatio- in Development Cooperation”, and this sary for conserving biodiversity, JICA nal Year of Biodiversity (2010), an was subsequently presented to the High- has assisted many developing countries Cimportant international event was Level segment of CBD COP 10, empha- in strengthening their nature conserva- organized in Japan (Nagoya City, Aichi sizing the respective donor agencies’ si- tion management capacity as a priority, Prefecture), which was the 10th meeting gnificant commitment to strengthening involving various stakeholders, both at of the Conference of the Parties to the their efforts to mainstream biodiversity the state and local community levels. This Convention of Biological Diversity (COP in development. support for capacity-building included, 10). Well attended by participants from all Additionally, JICA also organized ano- as appropriate, advice on conserva- over the world, the Conference produced ther side-event which included presen- tion policy and improved manage- several landmark outcomes, among them tations exploring linkages between the ment systems as well as imparting skills the “Aichi Target” ( the new Strategic Plan world’s biodiversity crisis and work on and techniques for surveys and raising 2011-2020) and the “Nagoya Protocol” poverty eradication. The event provided public awareness. (on Access to Genetic Resources and a useful venue to remind, and re-think the Promoting protected area manage- the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Bene- significant relationship between these ment often goes along with the sustai- fits Arising from Their Utilization). These two key issues, as well as the necessi- nable use of natural resources, and this agreements and understandings will ty to adopt a common, broad-based ap- is another area in which JICA has worked serve in the years ahead as the key gui- proach to achieve them in tandem. laboriously over the years with its partner dance for the international community’s effort to conserve the world’s biodiversity. On this occasion, the Japan Interna- tional Cooperation Agency (JICA) was “Carefully attuned environmental education and public pleased to co-host a side event, the “Na- goya High Level Forum”, along with the awareness campaigns must go hand in hand with Secretariat of the Convention on Biolo- efforts for biodiversity conservation involving relevant gical Diversity (CBD), recognizing the close linkages between development stakeholders and the public.” and biodiversity and therefore the need to promote mainstreaming biodiversi- ty in development activities. At this fo- rum, attended by representatives from Today the vital importance of biodi- developing countries. Typically, these a number of development agencies and versity conservation is broadly accep- projects aim at participatory communi- international organizations, discussions ted and enshrined in various interna- ty-level forest resources management. centered on how their bilateral and mul- tional commitments, including the UN For example, in Kenya, bilateral coope- tilateral development cooperation should MDGs, with an emphasis on the criti- ration for social forestry started in the contribute more to the implementation cal need for both developed and deve- 1980s and has continued intermittent- of the Strategic Plan 2011-2020 through loping countries to dedicate their efforts ly since, with positive results in ensuring

Satoyama 27 Veerle Vandeweerd, Director, Environment & Energy Group, Bureau for Development Policy, United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)

Photo courtesy of iStock Photo Biodiversity conservation and sustainable human development are inseparable

historic deal to reduce biodiver- sity loss was reached at the 10th A Meeting of the Conference of the Parties (COP 10) to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) in Nagoya, Japan, in October 2010. Governments successfully adopted a “package” of agreements that will permit nations to address the unprecedented challenges posed by biodiversity loss while fulfilling their development aspirations and acce- lerating achievement of the Millennium sustainable use of forest resources by Development Goals (MDGs). local communities while keeping forest The new Strategic Plan (the Aichi conservation objectives. To make such Target) is groundbreaking—recogni- an approach a success, JICA has learned zing biodiversity management as a core that carefully attuned environmental edu- development issue, and committing cation and public awareness campaigns to integrate the biodiversity, climate • Building biodiversity manage- must go hand in hand with efforts for bio- change and land degradation agendas ment into the foundations of eco- diversity conservation involving relevant more effectively. nomic sectors, ensuring that pro- stakeholders and the public. With a wealth of knowledge and ex- duction practices do not damage As repeatedly warned at COP 10, the perience accumulated over 30 years in biodiversity. challenge we face in achieving a signifi- assisting countries to better manage An effectively managed and ecolo- cant reduction in the rate of biodiversi- biodiversity as part of their development gically representative global network of ty loss, which continues at an alarming frameworks, the United Nations Deve- PAs is crucial to sustain biodiversity. PAs rate, is indeed a daunting one. There is lopment Programme (UNDP) is ready to are proven tools for maintaining essenti- every need for the international commu- support implementation of the new Stra- al natural resources and services, which nity as a whole and its individual mem- tegic Plan. Working in 140 countries, in turn help increase the resilience and re- bers, whether developed or developing, UNDP provides policy advice, demons- duce the vulnerability of local livelihoods, to redouble our common effort. And this trates sound biodiversity management water supplies, fisheries, and agricultural should be facilitated by faithfully and en- practices, and strengthens national ca- productivity in the face of climate change. ergetically following the new guidance pacity to sustain them. UNDP will work to: and goals enunciated in the “Aichi Tar- Going forward, UNDP is commit- • Increase protection of the most get” and “Nagoya Protocol”. Only then ted to assisting developing countries to vulnerable and under-represented could the world succeed in conser- scale up their efforts to address biodi- ecosystems ving and protecting its vital biodiversi- versity loss, to meet the targets outlined • Improve protected area policies and ty, which like the ocean was declared, in the new Strategic Plan, and to working the broader policy environment to should remain as the common heritage closely with other UN Agencies, deve- enable the creation and effective of mankind. lopment cooperation agencies, and ci- management of protected areas JICA will continue to work and coope- vil society organizations. • Develop innovative and effective fi- rate diligently with its developing country nancial mechanisms for protected partners and other like-minded actors, Biodiversity management areas including international organizations, and poverty reduction • Improve the management effecti- the private sector, NGOs and civil society The UNDP has two signature pro- veness of protected areas by pre- groups, to do its share and contribute to grammes on biodiversity: venting and mitigating threats and our common objectives. It will also seek • Unleashing the economic potenti- improving management processes. to work closely with the Secretariat of al of Protected Area (PAs) systems The UNDP will continue its efforts to CBD, which is expected to play an indis- so that they are better managed and mainstream biodiversity into key sec- pensable role as the engine and coordi- financed and contribute to sustai- tors (notably energy, agriculture and fo- nator of all our concerted efforts. nable development restry) and into national development

28 Satoyama plans. Priority will be placed on bringing help countries to adapt their governance 120 countries worldwide, UNDP has to light the full economic benefits of and policy frameworks to catalyze and supported over 6,400 community-based protected areas through national stu- manage the expected increase of finan- biodiversity projects. UNDP is commit- dies on the economics of ecosystems cial resources. ted to scaling-up local best practices and biodiversity, and the use of these and is pleased that the SGP will be a studies to inform national and local eco- Local level response capacity delivery mechanism for the Satoyama nomic policies. Local and indigenous commu- Initiative. nities are the chief stewards of the The UNDP strongly supports the Climate change adaptation world’s ecosystems, and they make new Strategic Plan agreed in Nagoya. and mitigation the vast majority of daily environmen- To realize this plan, biodiversity needs to Climate change is exacerbating and tal decisions with their land use choices be accounted for in national budgets, it being accelerated by biodiversity loss and investment decisions. For the poor needs to be built into the foundations of and ecosystem degradation. UNDP will in most rural settings, ecosystems and all national development planning and seek to increase the resilience of eco- the biodiversity they contain are their investments, it needs to have dedica- systems across landscapes, by pro- primary assets and source of liveli- ted financial support, and the capaci- moting the connectivity of intact eco- hoods. Work at the local level is a re- ty of countries to address these issues systems; fostering diverse governance liable way to build real resilience to the needs to be strengthened. types, management regimes and land challenges of climate change and eco- To pit growth and poverty reduction tenure arrangements; and reducing key system decline. efforts against the conservation of bio- threats and pressures, such as invasive UNDP will work to enhance local diversity is to engage in a false choice. species, fragmentation and conversion environmental management and fi- Biodiversity conservation and sustai- that can exacerbate climate impacts and nance capacity, facilitate peer-to-peer nable human development are inse- reduce resilience. learning and knowledge-sharing, and parable. UNDP remains committed to The UNDP will also take steps to im- strengthen local voices in policy pro- a model of development that takes in- prove mitigation by implementing eco- cesses. Through initiatives like the Equa- to account the full value of biodiversity system-based climate change mitigation tor Initiative and GEF-Small Grants Pro- and ecosystem services for human well- solutions, such as improving forest and gramme (SGP), which is active in over being and achievement of the MDGs. peatland management, reducing emis- sions from land use, land-use change and forestry, and enhancing the carbon sequestration capacities of ecosystems “The real benefits of biodiversity, and the costs of its loss, need through restoration. to be reflected within economic systems and markets.” The United Nations Collaborative Programme on Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degrada- tion (UN-REDD) – a partnership between the UNDP, the United Nations Environ- ment Programme (UNEP), and the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) – provides an excellent foundation for these efforts.

Strengthening environmental financing for biodiversity management The real benefits of biodiversity, and the costs of its loss, need to be re- flected within economic systems and markets. The continued loss of biodi- versity has serious implications for the fight against poverty, as the poor in most rural settings depend on ecosys- tem goods and services for their subsis- tence and livelihoods. In this context, many countries need to take action to identify and access as well as combine and sequence environ- mental finance in order to meet their bio- diversity management needs. UNDP will

Photo courtesy of iStock Photo Satoyama 29 Lucy Shea, Chief Executive, Futerra Sustainability Communications Branding biodiversity

The brand promise visuals from the natural world. Celebrate So how should we engage the pub- our love of nature. It is the most powerful lic and policy-makers on biodiversity? driver of public behaviour change. There is a tried and tested formula that works, put together in Futerra’s publi- Ask for action cation Branding Biodiversity: Less loss. Biodiversity conservation requires More love. Ask for action. Target need. people to do things. So action messages ask people to do something, whether it’s t’s 2020. People enjoy walking in new Less loss to plant a tree, build a bee hive, sign a pe- nature reserves, such as the Juruena Kill the extinction message. ’Biodivers- tition or donate money to a conservation I National Park in Brazil. Species loss ity’ and ‘extinction’ are almost automatic- charity. This message works best when is halted. The Black Stilt of New Zealand ally communicated together. From the you make the action locally relevant. has been saved and the European Bison Red List to the plight of the rainforest, Combine the love message with action. has been returned to the wild. Investors the ‘biodiversity loss’ message is every- Once your audience is inspired, they will and insurers have whole new markets to where. It is rare that any plant, animal or want to know what to do. play with. New products that protect bio- ecosystem is mentioned by campaign- diversity have entered the market. The an- ers, policy-makers or the media without Target need nual market size for certified agricultural an ‘under threat’ disclaimer. And it doesn’t Messages based on economics are products exceeds US$210 billion. It is work. The Attitudes of Europeans towards powerful for policy-makers. And the TEEB even possible to invest in forests for pen- the issue of biodiversity survey suggests report now allows us to quantify the tan- sion schemes. 72% of people think that biodiversity gible economic value of biodiversity. From This stretching vision will only be loss is a problem for the future, not today. indispensible ecosystem services like soil achieved with public and policy support. Avoid loss. It generates apathy, not action. nutrition or tourism revenue, to the trillions Nagoya gave bird lovers and businesses of dollars that biodiversity ‘gifts’ agricul- alike cause for celebration, and showed More love ture, pharmaceuticals and other indus- communications to be vital in creating Messages based on wonder and tries every year. Our society and econ- this change. The International Year of Bio- awe do work. From nature documentar- omy needs biodiversity. Use the Need diversity’s brand ‘Biodiversity is Life’ was ies to posters of dolphins on teenagers’ message only for policy and business used across the world by 1500 organisa- walls, our abiding fascination and deep audiences. tions and at 426 events throughout the connection with nature is powerful. Dax The Convention on Biological Divers- year. It featured on the tail fin of an Airbus Lovegrove at WWF says, ‘There’s a feel ity used great communications princi- A380 and on the Puma African Nations good factor with connections to wildlife ples through the International Year of Cup kit. This huge outpouring of support and the great outdoors.’ The Love mes- Biodiversity – developing a single global was in stark contrast to the cloud of scep- sage is used by advertisers, therapists, message, and making it available for part- ticism that covered climate negotiations artists and campaigners alike, because ners to adapt to local needs. It’s a great at COP 15. awe for nature captures our imagina- model for NGO campaigning. When cre- Of course the battle for hearts and tion, and our attention. But watch out for ating your communications for the dec- minds is not yet won. It was 1986 when greenwash. There are, according to Mar- ade, be it internally on a biodiversity aud- the entomologist E.O. Wilson coined the keting magazine, increasing calls for mar- it or externally to school children, always word ‘biodiversity’. Almost thirty years keters to pay image rights when using remember – use love not loss. on, the principal pressures leading to bio- diversity loss are constant and, in some cases, intensifying. Species are current- ly disappearing at a rate of up to 1,000 times higher than normal, from the gold- en coqui tree frog in Puerto Rico to the Martinique Parrot. And only 35% of the European population, according to the Eurobarometer (2010) survey Attitudes of Europeans towards the issue of biodivers- ity, knows what biodiversity means. If cur- rent communications on biodiversity were effective, we probably wouldn’t be losing so much of it.

30 Satoyama Lucy Shea, Chief Executive, Futerra Sustainability Communications Branding biodiversity

Above photo courtesy of CBD; Back cover photos courtesy of Ishikawa Prefecture Notes Notes Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity World Trade Centre 413 St. Jacques Street, Suite 800 Montreal, Quebec, Canada H2Y 1N9 Phone: 1(514) 288 2220 Fax: 1 (514) 288 6588 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.cbd.int