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Notes for Side Event on West Africa
EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT Special Committee on Organized Crime, Corruption and Money-laundering (CRIM) Anti-money laundering A key element to fight narco-crime Antonio Maria Costa United Nations Under-Secretary General (2002-10) Editor, Journal of Policy Modelling (Elsevier) [email protected] www.AntonioMariaCosta.com Abstract: this statement examines the economic, financial and strategic dimensions of organized crime (especially drug trafficking) and shows that governments’ inability to deal with it is due to poor understanding of: (i.) the extent crime conditions society at large, (ii.) the way it has infiltrated legitimate business (especially banking), and (iii.) the power it has accumulated thanks to the behaviour of unscrupulous white-collar professionals (bankers, lawyers, notaries, realtors, accountants etc), all too willing to hide and recycle mafia resources. Current crime-control responses, based on police activity meant to identify, seize and punish suspects, are proving only partially effective: criminals locked up in prison or liquidated are rapidly replaced by new recruits, whose supply is infinitely elastic, especially in developing countries. The fight against transnational organized crime should rather focus on disrupting markets and illicit trade flows. Next the statement provides evidence that organized crime is an economic force motivated by economic stimuli, driven by mini(risk)/max(revenue) principles. Therefore crime must be fought on economic grounds, especially deleveraging its enormous assets (by means of much stronger anti-money laundering measures than presently in place). Above all governments should, individually and collectively, follow the money trail to identify and punish financial institutions responsible of blood-money laundering. The statement concludes with a pessimistic note. -
U.S.-Japan Approaches to Democracy Promotion
U.S. JAPAN APPROACHES TO DEMOCRACY PROMOTION U.S. JAPAN Sasakawa Peace Foundation USA 1819 L St NW #300 Washington, DC 20036 [email protected] U.S.-JAPAN APPROACHES TO DEMOCRACY SASAKAWA USA SASAKAWA PROMOTION Edited by Michael R. Auslin and Daniel E. Bob ISBN 9780996656764 51000 > 9 780996 656764 U.S.-JAPAN APPROACHES TO DEMOCRACY PROMOTION Edited by Michael R. Auslin Daniel E. Bob Sasakawa Peace Foundation USA Sasakawa Peace Foundation USA is an independent, American non-profit and non- partisan institution devoted to research, analysis and better understanding of the U.S.-Japan relationship. Sasakawa USA accomplishes its mission through programs that benefit both nations and the broader Asia Pacific region. Our research programs focus on security, diplomacy, economics, trade and technology, and our education programs facilitate people-to-people exchange and discussion among American and Japanese policymakers, influential citizens and the broader public in both countries. ISBN: 978-0-9966567-6-4 Printed in the United States of America. © 2017 by Sasakawa Peace Foundation USA LCCN Number applied for Sasakawa USA does not take institutional positions on public policy issues; the views expressed herein are the authors’ own and do not necessarily reflect the views of Sasakawa USA, its staff or its board. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by and means without permission in writing from Sasakawa USA. Please direct inquiries to: Sasakawa Peace Foundation USA Research Department 1819 L Street, N.W. Washington, DC 20036 P: +1 202-296-6694 This publication can be downloaded at no cost at http://spfusa.org/ Cover photo: © EPA/Barbara Walton Contents Preface .............................................................................................................................v Dennis Blair and Yasushi Akashi INTRODUCTION U.S.-Japan Approaches to Democracy Promotion ............................................ -
GENERAL ASSEMBLY INFORMAL MEETING on PIRACY 14 May
GENERAL ASSEMBLY INFORMAL MEETING ON PIRACY 14 May 2010, United Nations Headquarters The problem of international maritime piracy has in the last few years gained global attention, particularly with the increasing incidents of piracy in the Gulf of Aden and especially off the coast of Somalia. Recent statistics from the International Maritime Bureau indicate that in 2009 alone pirates attacked 217 ships with 47 successful hijackings. Pirates extorted more than US $60 million in ransom, the largest payment on record. In 2008, there were 242 attacks with 111 successful hijackings and about US $40 million in ransom. The adverse security, political, legal, economic and social implications of this scourge are of serious concern to the international community. With regard to Somalia, the United Nations has taken actions aimed at strengthening and assisting the Transitional Federal Government (TFG) to improve the security situation in Somalia, which is essential for an enabling environment to fight piracy off the coast of Somalia. The Security Council has authorized measures to counter piracy and armed robbery off the coast of Somalia. A Contact Group on Piracy off the coast of Somalia CGPCS) has also been established. These efforts notwithstanding, the sovereignty, economy and security of Somalia remain under serious threat as a result of piracy. Piracy has a destabilizing effect on regional and global trade and security. There is therefore the necessity for global strategies to address the factors that trigger and sustain piracy. Moreover, its rapid geographical spread and complexity necessitate a deeper and more comprehensive look at the various facets of the problem in order to devise a collective and more coordinated response. -
The Vienna Spirit
The Vienna Spirit Report on the 40th Meeting of the Chairmen and Coordinators of the Group of 77 and China The Vienna Spirit Report on the 40th Meeting of the Chairmen and Coordinators of the Group of 77 and China Vienna, 2007 The Vienna Chapter of the Group of 77 and China wishes to express its gratitude to the Director-General of the United Nations Industrial Development Organization, Mr. Kandeh Yumkella, and his staff, for co-hosting this important event, as well as for their invaluable support. We are also grateful to Mr. Mohamed ElBaradei, Director General of the International Atomic Energy Agency; Mr. Antonio Maria Costa, Director-General of the United Nations Office at Vienna and Executive Director of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime; Mr. Mohammed Barkindo, Acting for the Secretary-General of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries; and Mr. Suleiman J. Al-Herbish, Director-General of the OPEC Fund for International Development, for their generous hospitality, and for their interest in and support to the ideals of the Group. This publication has been prepared under the overall direction of His Excellency Ambassador Horacio Bazoberry, Permanent Representative of Bolivia and Chairman of the G-77 Vienna Chapter during 2006 and Mr. Aegerico Lacanlale, Director, Strategic Planning and Coordination Group. Mr. Paul Hesp, UNIDO consultant has prepared this report and was assisted by Ms. Annemarie Heuls, Office of the Chairman of the G-77 Vienna Chapter. Foreword Ambassador Dumisani S. Kumalo, Chairman of the G-77 during 2006. The meetings of the Chapters of the Group of 77 and China represent a response to the need for coordination among the different United Nations locations where the Group is operating. -
IV International Conference CHERNOBYL CHILDREN – HEALTH EFFECTS and PSYCHOSOCIAL REHABILITATION June 2-6 2003, Kiev, Ukraine
1 First Announcement IV International Conference CHERNOBYL CHILDREN – HEALTH EFFECTS AND PSYCHOSOCIAL REHABILITATION June 2-6 2003, Kiev, Ukraine … Millions of people continue to be directly affected by the consequences of this disaster. I remain deeply concerned by their plight. It is particularly disturbing that few people realize the multitude of problems that are still linked to this event and its aftermath. Acute suffering continues. At least three million children require physical treatment. Vast areas of forest and agricultural land have been contaminated. Radiation levels in some areas are still well above normal. People still live with great fear, and those who contemplate having children see one of the great joys in life become yet another source of insecurity. This disaster is a matter of global concern. International assistance has been an important part of the response, including through the United Nations. We are now moving towards a long-term approach that would bring help to the most affected people and communities, and promote a return to normalcy… Kofi A. Annan Secretary-General of the United Nations (Remarks at visit to the museum of Chernobyl, Ukraine, 3 June 2002) 2 ORGANISERS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE UNITED NATIONS OFFICE FOR THE HUMANITARIAN AFFAIRS (OCHA) WORLD HEALTH ORGANISATION (WHO) UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM (UNDP), UKRAINE ASSOCIATION “PHYSICIANS OF CHERNOBYL” In co-operation with: • United Nations Representative Office in Ukraine • United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) • International Atomic -
States Simply Do Not Care the Failure of International Securitisation Of
International Journal of Drug Policy 68 (2019) 3–8 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect International Journal of Drug Policy journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/drugpo Policy analysis States simply do not care: The failure of international securitisation of drug control in Afghanistan T ⁎ Jorrit Kamminga Netherlands Institute of International Relations Clingendael, Clingendael 7, 2597 VH The Hague, the Netherlands ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: The link between the world drug problem and securitisation has been predominantly established to argue that an Illicit drugs existential threat discourse reinforces the international prohibitionist regime and makes it harder for alternative Afghanistan policy models to arise. This analysis is problematic for three main reasons. Firstly, it overestimates the current Securitisation strength of the international drug control regime as a normative and regulatory system that prescribes state Security behaviour. Secondly, the current international regime does not inhibit policy reforms. While the international Drug prohibition treaty system proves resistant to change, it is at the national and local levels where new drug policies arise. International regime ‘War on Drugs’ Moreover, these are generally not the draconian or emergency measures that successful securitisation would predict. Thirdly, the analysis so far misinterprets criminalisation or militarisation as evidence of securitisation. As the case of Afghanistan shows, securitisation attempts, such as those linking the Taliban and the illicit opium economy, may have reinforced the militarisation of drug control in Afghanistan, but did not elevate the illicit drug economy as an external threat or a top priority. While there have been short-lived spikes of attention and provincial level campaigns to eradicate poppy cultivation, these have never translated into a sustained structural effort to combat illicit drugs in Afghanistan. -
2011 Overview Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized
world development report2011 Overview Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Conflict, Security, and Development world development report2011 Confl ict, Security, and Development world development report2011 Confl ict, Security, and Development Overview © 2011 The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank 1818 H Street NW Washington DC 20433 Telephone: 202-473-1000 Internet: www.worldbank.org All rights reserved 1 2 3 4 14 13 12 11 This document summarizes the World Development Report 2011. It is a product of the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank. The fi ndings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this volume do not necessarily refl ect the views of the Executive Directors of The World Bank or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgement on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Rights and Permissions The material in this publication is copyrighted. Copying and/or transmitting portions or all of this work without permission may be a violation of applicable law. The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank encourages dissemination of its work and will normally grant permission to reproduce portions of the work promptly. For permission to photocopy or reprint any part of this work, please send a request with complete information to the Copyright Clearance Center Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA; telephone: 978-750-8400; fax: 978-750-4470; Internet: www.copyright.com. -
CPC Outreach Journal #531
USAF COUNTERPROLIFERATION CENTER CPC OUTREACH JOURNAL Maxwell AFB, Alabama Issue No. 531, 10 October 2006 Articles & Other Documents: U.N. Warns N. Korea On Nuclear Test U.N. Council Urges N. Korea Not To Conduct Nuclear Test Six Powers Agree To Take Next Step On Iran Nuclear Test Threat Strains Korea Border North Korea's Nuclear Intentions, Out There For All To N. Korea Might Lose Its Only Ally See U.S. Project Could Start Atomic War, Experts Warn U.S. Urges Sanctions On North Korea U.S. Doubts Korean Test Was Nuclear Pentagon Assesses Responses, Including A Possible Blockade For U.S., A Strategic Jolt After North Korea's Test Condemnation Swift, But Options Are Limited Pentagon Hunting For Clues On Power, Makeup Of Even If Device Was Flawed, Test Crossed A Threshold Weapon Welcome to the CPC Outreach Journal. As part of USAF Counterproliferation Center’s mission to counter weapons of mass destruction through education and research, we’re providing our government and civilian community a source for timely counterproliferation information. This information includes articles, papers and other documents addressing issues pertinent to US military response options for dealing with nuclear, biological and chemical threats and attacks. It’s our hope this information resource will help enhance your counterproliferation issue awareness. Established in 1998, the USAF/CPC provides education and research to present and future leaders of the Air Force, as well as to members of other branches of the armed services and Department of Defense. Our purpose is to help those agencies better prepare to counter the threat from weapons of mass destruction. -
In-Depth Study on the United Nations Contribution to the Implementation of the Hyogo Framework for Action
In-depth study on the United Nations contribution to the implementation of the Hyogo Framework For Action External study commissioned for the Mid-Term Review 2010-2011 In-depth study on the United Nations contribution to the implementation of the Hyogo Framework For Action External study commissioned for the Mid-Term Review 2010-2011 Prepared by Ms. Eva von Oelreich January 2011 … The Chile earthquake is yet another tragic reminder that disaster risk is increasing globally. The Hyogo Framework for Action commits all countries to make major eff orts to reduce their disaster risk by 2015. The entire UN system is engaged in supporting these eff orts. It is clear that much more needs to be done to ensure that disaster risk reduction becomes natural part of our development eff orts. Secretary-General Ban Ki-Moon’s remarks to informal plenary meeting of the General Assembly on Chile, 10 March 2010. Hyogo Framework for Action Acknowledgements UNISDR is grateful to all members of the Advisory Group of the Mid-Term Review, who dedicated their time and advice to this project free of charge and with great commitment to the cause of disaster risk reduction, including by providing insightful comments on various drafts of this report under time pressure. In particular, we want to thank Susanne Frueh for advising on the methodology of the Mid-Term Review, Mukesh Kapila for facilitating the online debate on a post-2015 framework, Ronald Jackson for initiating the study on disaster risk reduction in the Caribbean, Virginia Murray for spearheading the study on databases for disaster risk reduction, Marco Ferrari for helping in defi ning the issue of international governance for disaster risk reduction, and Kenzo Oshima for requesting that the Japan International Cooperation Agency conduct an internal review of its contribution to the implementation of the Hyogo Framework for Action. -
The UN Drug Control Debate 2004
WOLA Drug War Monitor JANUARY 2004 A WOLA BRIEFING SERIES A publication of WOLA’s Cracks in the Vienna Consensus: “Drugs, Democracy and Human Rights” project, The UN Drug Control Debate which examines the impact of drug by Martin Jelsma and Pien Metaal (Transnational Institute – TNI) trafficking and U.S. international drug control policies on “Laws – and even the international Conventions – are not written in stone; they can be human rights and changed when the democratic will of nations so wishes it.”1 democratization trends throughout Latin our decades have passed since the first United Nations drug control convention UNITED NATIONS America and the entered into force. Numerous UN conferences and summits have been devoted Caribbean F to negotiating a harmonized global approach to illicit drugs. Yet more and more cracks are now beginning to appear in the supposedly universal model which is, in reality, based on a highly fragile consensus. The failure to counter the ever-growing problems related to the abuse of illicit drugs has led countries to question the validity of current policies and to experiment with approaches less driven by the U.S.-inspired ideology of “zero tolerance” and more rooted in pragmatism. This has led to increasing acceptance of the concept of harm reduction for consumers, where drug use is treated as a public health rather than a law enforcement problem. On the production side, discussion centers on the need to secure alternative livelihoods for involved farmer communities and how to most effectively promote alternative development. The policy debates are heating up within the polarized environment of the UN drug control system, under the pressure of the looming 2008 deadline established in 1998 by the UN General Assembly Special Session on Drugs to achieve significant and measurable results in reducing world drug supply and demand. -
United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime
UNITED NATIONS OFFICE ON DRUGS AND CRIME UNITED NATIONS OFFICE ON DRUGS AND CRIME TABLE OF CONTENTS WELCOME LETTER ........................................................................................................................................... 3 COMMITTEE HISTORY AND POWERS ....................................................................................................... 4 ADDRESSING THE MODERN WAR ON DRUGS THROUGH THE REHABILITATION OF DRUG SUPPLIERS .......................................................................................................................................................... 5 HISTORY AND BACKGROUND OF THE PROBLEM............................................................................................................ 5 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................. 5 Conventions .................................................................................................................................................................. 6 CURRENT SITUATION ......................................................................................................................................................... 9 Extent of drug supply.............................................................................................................................................. 10 Case Study .................................................................................................................................................................. -
War on Drugs: Report of the Global Commission on Drug Policy
WAR ON DRUGS REPORT OF THE GLOBAL COMMISSION ON DRUG POLICY JUNE 2011 REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONERS GLOBAL COMMISSION Asma Jahangir, human rights activist, former UN Special Rapporteur on Arbitrary, Extrajudicial and ON DRUG POLICY Summary Executions, Pakistan Carlos Fuentes, writer and public intellectual, Mexico César Gaviria, former President of Colombia Ernesto Zedillo, former President of Mexico Fernando Henrique Cardoso, former President of To learn more about the Commission, visit: Brazil (chair) www.globalcommissionondrugs.org George Papandreou, Prime Minister of Greece Or email: [email protected] George P. Shultz, former Secretary of State, United States (honorary chair) Javier Solana, former European Union High Representative for the Common Foreign and Security Policy, Spain John Whitehead, banker and civil servant, chair of the World Trade Center Memorial Foundation, United States Kofi Annan, former Secretary General of the United Nations, Ghana Louise Arbour, former UN High Commissioner for Human Rights, President of the International Crisis Group, Canada Maria Cattaui, Petroplus Holdings Board member, former Secretary-General of the International Chamber of Commerce, Switzerland Mario Vargas Llosa, writer and public intellectual, Peru Marion Caspers-Merk, former State Secretary at the German Federal Ministry of Health Michel Kazatchkine, executive director of the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria, France Paul Volcker, former Chairman of the United States Federal Reserve and of the Economic Recovery Board Richard Branson, entrepreneur, advocate for social causes, founder of the Virgin Group, co-founder of The Elders, United Kingdom Ruth Dreifuss, former President of Switzerland and Minister of Home Affairs Thorvald Stoltenberg, former Minister of Foreign Affairs and UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Norway EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The global war on drugs has failed, with Our principles and recommendations can devastating consequences for individuals be summarized as follows: and societies around the world.