the GLOXINIAN The Journal for Gesneriad Growers

Vol. 54, No. 1 First Quarter 2004

Nematanthus fritschii American Gloxinia and Gesneriad Society, Inc. A non-profit membership corporation chartered by the State of Missouri HONORARY OFFICERS Founder — Elvin McDonald Co-Editor of THE GLOXINIAN — Peggie Schulz (1951Ð1961) Past Presidents — Mrs. H. E. Dillard (1954Ð56); Mr. F. W. Mitchell (1956Ð58); Bruce A. Thompson (1958Ð62); William H. Hull (1962Ð65); Charles Marvinny (1965Ð68); Dr. Thomas E. Talpey (1968Ð69); Alice Courage (1969Ð72); Ann Spencer (1972Ð75); Martin Tanner (1975Ð77); Emma Lahr (1977Ð79); Laura Progebin (1979Ð81); David Masterson (1981Ð83); Patricia Van Deventer (1983Ð85); Michael A. Riley (1985Ð89); Jessie Crisafulli (1989Ð93); Lee Linett (1993-97); Jon Dixon (1997-2001) OFFICERS President — Susan Grose, 4201 W. 99th St., Overland Park, KS 66207 First Vice-President — Carol Ann Bonner, 3705 Tibbs Drive, Nashville, TN 37211 Second Vice-President — Pat Richards, 15105 S. Seminole Dr., Olathe, KS 766062-3004 Corresponding Secretary — Fay Wagman, 52 Harper Dr., Pittsford, NY 14534 Recording Secretary — Peter Shalit, 1312 E. Denny Way, Seattle, WA 98122-2519 Treasurer — Helen Bortvedt, 20 Beeson Rd., P.O. Box 2584, Sequim, WA 98382 DIRECTORS Term 2001–2004 — Carol Ann Bonner, Doris Brownlie, Alan LaVergne, Bill Price, Peter Shalit, Paul Susi, Fay Wagman Term 2002–2005 — Helen Bortvedt, Tom Bruning, Carolyn Conlin-Lane, JoAnne Martinez, Pat Richards, Carolyn Ripps, Vivian Scheans Term 2003–2006 — Susan Grose, Suzie Larouche, Ingrid Lindskog, Julie Mavity-Hudson, Leslie Milde, Elizabeth Varley, Harry Webber COMMITTEE CHAIRPERSONS Archives — Lee Linett, 12314 Sweetbriar Pl., Waldorf, MD 20602-1430 Awards — Colleen Turley, 8404 W. Harrison Ct., Fredericksburg, VA 22407-1905 Awards of Appreciation — Molly Schneider, 608 Hillwood Dr., Nashville, TN 37205-1314 Botanical Review — John Boggan, Dept. of Botany, NHB 166, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560 Bylaws and Parliamentarian — Helen Freidberg, 11 Arrowhead Rd., Weston, MA 02493-1706 Chapters and Affiliates — Arleen Dewell, #311-2366 Wall Street, Vancouver, BC, V5L 4Y1 Canada Conventions — Helen Freidberg, 11 Arrowhead Rd., Weston, MA 02493-1706 Elvin McDonald Research Endowment Fund — Dr. Laurence Skog, 611 Roberts Drive NW, Vienna, VA 22180-4178 Finance — Nellie Sleeth, 2913 N. Monroe, Tacoma, WA 98407-5320 Frances Batcheller Endowment Fund — Paul Susi, 6 Upper Lane, Centerport, NY 11721 Gesneriad Register — Judy Becker, 432 Undermountain Rd., Salisbury, CT 06068-1102 Historian — Suzie Larouche, 908-50 John St., Toronto, ON, M5B 3T5 Canada Insurance — Helen Bortvedt, 20 Beeson Rd., Sequim, WA 98382-8870 Internet Communications — David Turley, 8404 W. Harrison Ct., Fredericksburg, VA 22407-1905 Library and Education — Dee Stewart, 1 No Name Road, Stow, MA 01775 Newsletters — Leslie Milde, 373 Main St., (P.O. Box 14), Fremont, NH 03044 Photography — Julie Mavity-Hudson, 1015 Park Lane, Joelton, TN 37080 Properties — Doris Brownlie, 80-600 Silvercreek Blvd., Mississauga, ON. L5A 2B4 Canada Publications — Pat Richards, 15105 S. Seminole Dr., Olathe, KS 66062-3004 Publicity Membership Promotion — Carol Ann Bonner, 3705 Tibbs Drive, Nashville, TN 37211 Review — Peter Shalit, 1312 E. Denny Way, Seattle, WA 98122-2519 Seed Fund — Bob & Carol Connelly, 2391 Phillips Dr., Auburn Hills, MI 48326-2450 Shows and Judging — Ben Paternoster, 14 Coptor Ct., Huntington, NY 11743-2335 Standing Rules — Susan Grose, 4201 W. 99th St., Overland Park, KS 66207-3732 INTEREST GROUPS Judging — Appraisal, 3 issues, $6. Send to Paul Susi, 6 Upper Lane, Centerport, NY 11721. (Subscribing to Appraisal is part of the responsibility of remaining an active judge.) Gesneriad Hybridizers Association — CrossWords, 3 issues, $8 ($9 outside U.S.A.). Send to Vincent Parsons, 18300 SW Shaw St., Apt #7, Aloha, OR 97007-1357 . Newsletter Editors — Newsviews, free to editors; $6 subscription to others. Contact Leslie Milde, 373 Main St., P.O. Box 14, Fremont, NH 03044

FRIENDS AT LARGE Gesneriphiles Internet Discussion Group — To join, visit the website where you will find instructions for joining the list. British Streptocarpus Society — to join from the USA/Canada send $10 to Dale Martens, 1247 Island View Dr., Sherrard, Illinois 61281. To join from any other country, send £7 or 10 eur. to Don Corfield, 1019 Warwick Rd, Acocks Green, Birmingham, England, B27 6QJ. Queries to [email protected]

For Your Information Membership Cards: The address label on the back cover of THE GLOXINIAN is your membership card. Bylaws: Copies of AGGS Bylaws are available to all members by writing to Pat Richards, 15105 S. Seminole Dr., Olathe, KS 66062-3004. Chapters: Report changes of chapter presidents to the Chapters and Affiliates Chair and the Editor.

THE GLOXINIAN is published quarterly by the American Gloxinia and Gesneriad Society, Inc., 399 River Road, Hudson, MA 01749-2627. Copyright © 2004 American Gloxinia and Gesneriad Society, Inc. Postage paid at Providence, RI. Postmaster: Please send Form 3579 to THE GLOXINIAN, AGGS Membership Secretary, Bob Clark, 118 Byron Ave., Lawrence, MA 01841-4444. American Gloxinia and the Gesneriad Society, Inc. EDITOR GLOXINIAN Jeanne Katzenstein The Journal for Gesneriad Growers 1 Hallvard Terrace Vol. 54, No. 1 First Quarter 2004 Rockaway, NJ 07866

EDITOR'S DEADLINES CONTENTS First Quarter ...... October 1 Second Quarter...... January 1 President's Message Third Quarter...... April 1 — Susan Grose...... 4 Fourth Quarter ...... July 1 Seed Fund EDITORIAL STAFF AND — Bob & Carol Connelly...... 6 CONTRIBUTING EDITORS Classic Gesneriads: Gloxinia perennis Frances Batcheller, Judy Becker, John Boggan, Carol Ann Bonner, Arleen Dewell, — Peter Shalit ...... 13 Peter Shalit Growing Gloxinia perennis Indoors — Peter Shalit ...... 15 BUSINESS MANAGER Michael A. Riley Growing Gesneriads Outdoors: Gloxinia 101 West 104th Street — John Boggan...... 16 New York, NY 10025 Coming Events ...... 19 ADVERTISING MANAGER AGGS Slide Programs Tom Bruning — Dee Stewart...... 20 31233 Beechnut Road Light Up Your Life! Council Bluffs, IA 51503 — Paul Susi ...... 21 RIGHT TO REPRINT — The right to 48th Annual AGGS Convention...... 23 reprint or quote extensively from THE GLOXINIAN is reserved; permission may be Convention 2004 Trips on Long Island requested from the Editor. THE GLOXINIAN fol- — Paul Susi...... 35 lows the International Codes of Nomenclature, A Passion for Gesneriads including The International Code of Nomen clature for Cultivated Plants (1980). Views — John Littner Clark ...... 36 published in THE GLOXINIAN are not necessar- AGGS Publications...... 42 ily those of the editors, the Society, or its officers. Research on Gesneriaceae in Austria Ð Part II: Karl Fritsch (1864-1934) OBJECTS OF THE SOCIETY — The — Anton Weber ...... 43 objects of the American Gloxinia and Gesneriad Society, Inc. are to afford a conve- Chapter Presidents ...... 54 nient and beneficial association of persons Contributions and Membership ...... 55 interested in gesneriads, to stimulate a wide- spread interest in, and gather and publish reliable information about the identification, correct nomenclature, culture and propagation of gesneriads; and to encourage the origination and introduction of new cultivars.

GESNERIAD REGISTRATION — The American Gloxinia and Gesneriad Society, Inc. is the International Registration Authority for the names and cultivars of gesneriads Gloxinia perennis (L.) Fritsch excepting the genus Saintpaulia. Any person desiring to register a cultivar should contact Judy Becker, 432 Undermountain Road, Salsbury, CT 06068 . COVER Nematanthus fritschii Hoehne AGGS Home Page: (photographed by Vern Sawyer www.aggs.org at the GRF)

First Quarter 2004 3 President's Message Susan Grose 4201 West 99th St., Overland Park, KS 66207 New Gesneriad Year Greetings to All, It was not long ago that you read about the 2003 flower show awards and all the fun everyone had in California at the AGGS Convention in Sacramento. It is already time to begin making plans for attending the 2004 Convention hosted by the Long Island Chapter in Smithtown, Long Island, New York. Long Island is a beautiful location, and there are many scenic places to visit in the area before and after the convention if you extend your stay. I was excited to learn that two of the lecturers will be John L. Clark and Vincent Woo, recipients of grants from our Elvin McDonald Research Endowment Fund. You won't want to miss these presentations to learn first hand about the research your contributions have helped support. Read further in this issue for details about the convention program and flower show. Then be sure to register by the early-bird deadline of April 15, 2004 for advance admittance to the plant sale on Thursday night. In addition to benefiting you, early registration helps the local committee better plan for the number of people involved in various activities. Another gem in this issue is the Seed Fund list. The gesneriad seed available is made possible with volunteer contributions by those who have grown, flowered, and carefully selfed species and hybrid gesneriads. If you have ordered from the Fund, please remember to contribute seed back to the Fund when your plants produce seed. See the Publication List for the packet "Propagation of Gesneriads and Birds & Bees & Gesneriad Seeds" which has answers on how to germinate and produce seed. In this issue are several special articles about gesneriads and enthusiasts old and new. Peter Shalit presents Gloxinia perennis as the first feature in a series on classic gesneriads complete with comments on growing this old favorite inside and outside. My Gloxinia perennis is just coming into bloom now under my lights in the basement. I wasn't brave enough to try it outdoors in the terrible heat of this summer. Next year, however, I plan to give one specimen a chance to battle the Kansas elements and see just how much heat it can take. In an article by John L. Clark, you will learn about his rainforest research and his developing passion for gesneriads. Some of the species that he studied in the field are beautifully captured in John's photographs in this issue. For more gesneriad history, don't miss Part II of the story on contribu- tions of Austrian botanists to the study of Gesneriaceae. Anton Weber left us left us with a "teaser" in Part I in the last issue of THE GLOXINIAN that promised an article featuring details on the personality and work of Austrian botanist Karl Fritsch who focused on gesneriads in the late 1800's and early 1900's. Finally, our various AGGS research and endowment funds need support. Without your contributions many of our research and educational activities would not be possible, and there would be far fewer color photographs in THE GLOXINIAN. By the way, as I requested in my previous message, have you sent in your article to Jeanne yet?

4 The Gloxinian Gloxinia perennis (L.) Fritsch (photographed in Venezuela by John L. Clark) This "classic" is a very famous gesneriad Ð it was one of the first gesneriads to be illustrated and it was probably the first gesneriad seen alive by the father of taxonomic botany, Carl Linnaeus. Gloxinia perennis has been in cultivation for over 250 years and can frequently be seen today growing in gardens and plant collections around the world.

This and other photos in this issue of THE GLOXINIAN were made possible by the generous donation to AGGS of over 1,000 slides from the collection of John L. Clark.

Color Photo Sponsorships in Memory of Maryjane Evans ¥ Photo on page 5 sponsored by Quentin Schlieder ¥ Photos on page 40 sponsored by Michael Riley and Carolyn Ripps ¥ Photo on page 49 (top) sponsored by the New England Chapter ¥ Photos on page 49 (bottom) sponsored by the Long Island Chapter

ADVERTISERS DIRECTORY African Violets by Fredericks, Inc...... 19 Logan Nursery ...... 12 Belisle's Violet House ...... 22 Lyndon Lyon Greenhouses, Inc...... 41 Kachina AV Leaves & Supplies ...... 12 McKinney's Glassehouse ...... 41 Kartuz Greenhouses ...... 51 Pat's Pets ...... 12 Lauray of Salisbury ...... 22

First Quarter 2004 5 Seed Fund Bob and Carol Connelly 2391 Phillips Drive, Auburn Hills, MI 48326-2450 We're going to be a little repetitive this month, but from recent orders it seems we need to periodically remind people of these things. Please double check your credit card numbers and expiration dates on your orders and be sure they are readable to someone unfamiliar with your handwriting. If you have an e-mail address, please include it with your order. If we have to con- tact you by snail mail, the completion of your order may be significantly delayed. It can take about 4 to 6 weeks for us to ship an order during busy periods when we receive very large orders and for credit card orders which we have to mail to the Treasurer. Please send your orders and seed donations to us at the address at the top of this column. We again have had a large number of deletions in this issue's seed list. We are tempted to call this our R.I.P. list, because that is what these varieties will do unless someone out there has plants of these and can produce seed for the Fund. The new deletions are: Achimenes warszewicziana Nematanthus jolyanus (São Paulo) USBRG88-039 Nematanthus cf. lanceolatus AC2010 Aeschynanthus longicalyx Nematanthus tessmannii GRF9912 Aeschynanthus parvifolius 'Bali (red calyx) Beauty' Nematanthus sp. MP50 Alloplectus sp. nov. (prunifer ined.) Paradrymonia lurida GRF98174 Parakohleria sp. GRF88105 (red) Briggsia aurantiaca Sinningia aghensis AC2356 Capanea grandiflora GRF9480 Sinningia canescens Chirita balansae USBRG98-082 Sinningia defoliata Chirita fimbrisepala #4 Sinningia douglasii (rose/purple) Chirita sp. 'New York' USBRG85-022 Sinningia leucotricha 'English' Columnea hispida Sinningia speciosa ‘Cabo Frio’ Corallodiscus sp. USBRG2000-19 MP178 Corytoplectus congestus GRF93259 Sinningia 'Beauty' × self Diastema racemiferum Sinningia 'Cheryl M.' × self Drymonia alloplectoides Sinningia speciosa hybrid mini Eucodonia andrieuxii lav./purple Gasteranthus crispus USBRG98-033 Streptocarpus compressus Gasteranthus villosus Streptocarpus cyaneus ssp. long-tomii Gasteranthus wendlandianus Streptocarpus cyaneus (blue/short GRF97154 corolla) Gesneria cuneifolia 'Tom Talpey' Streptocarpus glandulosissimus Gesneria reticulata 'El Yunque' Streptocarpus gardenii /Weza, S.Natal Lysionotus species Trichantha ambigua Napeanthus robustus GRF9765 Trichantha kucyniakii GRF93166 Nautilocalyx melittifolius Vanhouttea lanata Nematanthus fritschii Vanhouttea pendula/Caparao We would also like to thank the most recent contributors to the Seed Fund for their generosity: Marlene Beam, Ron Brenton, Tsuh Yang Chen, Bob Clark, Karyn Cichocki, Miriam Denham, Robert Hall, Kyle Hedberg, Frank Kahn, Alan LaVergne, Deede Leach, Leong Tuck-Lock, Chris Leppard, Nick Miller, Carol Schreck, Peter Shalit, M.J. Tyler, and David Zaitlin.

6 The Gloxinian Seed Packets — $1.50 each Please ¥ Make checks payable to the AGGS Seed Fund in U.S. funds ¥ To pay by credit card, send your credit card number, expiration date, and signature, and indicate if the card is Mastercard or Visa ($6.00 minimum) ¥ Provide a self-addressed, stamped envelope (non-U.S. orders may include International Postal Coupons or have the postage added to their credit card bill) ¥ List alternate choices ¥ Include your membership number (first number on your mailing label)

Achimenes (D) Besleria admirabilis (B) barbata USBRG98-052 cettoana (B) barclayi USBRG95-164 erecta (B) cf. divaricata JLC5629 erecta 'Tiny Red' (F,L) laxiflora GRF9675 (M) ¥ grandiflora 'Robert Dressler' (B) melancholica (MT) longiflora (B) princeps GRF9479 (LM) longiflora alba (B) sp. GRF9783 (orange w/yellow base) skinneri W1897 (L) sp. GRF97108 (orange) ¥ hybrid mix (B,L) sp. GRF97141 (orange) Aeschynanthus (B) sp. GRF9853 (yellow) ¥ boschianus sp. GRF98139 (orange) buxifolius 913296 ¥ sp. JLC5705 ellipticus 'Coral Flame' ¥ sp. JLC6113 evrardii Boea (F,R) fulgens USBRG82-271 ¥ hygroscopica garrettii Briggsia (A,R) humilis USBRG94-214 muscicola hosseusii Chirita longiflorus caliginosa (LM) micranthus flavimaculata USBRG94-085 (R) sp. MSBG87-162 ¥ heterotricha USBRG94-088 (F,R) ¥ sp. (yellow) (Philippines) involucrata (F,L) ¥ hybrid, lg orange/red lavandulacea (LM) Alloplectus micromusa (F,L) bolivianus USBRG95-140 (M) ¥ pumila (F,L) dodsonii (yellow) GRF98184 (M) ¥ pumila USBRG2000-18 (F,LM) tetragonoides GRF98153 ¥ spadiciformis USBRG94-087 (R) sp. aff. schultzii GRF97103 ¥ subrhomboidea (F,R) sp. aff. panamensis GRF9781 tamiana USBRG98-080 (F,R,P) (orange) walkerae (F,LM) sp. GRF9776 (yellow) ¥ sp. (Thailand) sp. GRF9788 (pinkish/yellow above) ¥ caliginosa × sericea (LM) sp. GRF97153 (peach/orange) ¥ (sp. 'New York' × flavimaculata) sp. GRF97166 × self (F,R) sp. GRF98151 (yellow) Chrysothemis (F,LM) sp. USBRG98-030 friedrichsthaliana ¥ sp. nov. JLC5617 friedrichsthaliana GRF9764 sp. nov. (plicatissimus ined.) ¥ pulchella (Ecuador) (salmon calyx) GRF9521 villosa sp. nov. (plicatissimus ined.) hybrid mix (green calyx) GRF9556 Cobananthus Alsobia (B) calochlamys (F,LM) dianthiflora Codonanthe (B) ¥ punctata calcarata 'Puyo' punctata USBRG77-103 caribaea Anodiscus carnosa xanthophyllus (M) corniculata xanthophyllus (Ecuador) GRF97109 crassifolia crassifolia GRF9858

First Quarter 2004 7 crassifolia GRF9869 Drymonia crassifolia 'Cranberry' affinis GRF98109 digna coccinea GRF9851 (B) digna 'Moonlight' coccinea GRF9873 erubescens coccinea GRF98150 gracilis ¥ conchocalyx (B) paula conchocalyx 'Silver Lance' × self (M) ¥ serrulata AC1313 doratostyla GRF9674 (B) ¥ venosa GRF91175 ¥ cf. ecuadorensis JLC6185 Columnea (B) ecuadorensis 'Red Elegance' (LM) crassifolia hoppii GRF98103 erythrophaea macrophylla (M) fendleri mortoniana (L) gallicauda pulchra GRF98113 glicensteinii rhodoloma (B) gloriosa serrulata (B) hirta serrulata GRF9752 hirta GRF9493 strigosa (B) hirta var. pilosissima strigosa GRF1912 ¥ inaequilatera JLC6072 urceolata GRF93146 (LM) maculata urceolata GRF97124 (red) ¥ microcalyx GRF94110 urceolata GRF98154 (red w/yellow) nicaraguensis CR92F16 sp. nov. (umecta ined.) (B) nicaraguensis GRF94105 Episcia (H,L,B,F) oerstediana GRF9423 ¥ xantha oxyphylla cupreata hybrids mix proctori W3573 ¥ hybrid mix raymondii (LM) Epithema schiedeana ¥ saxatile (F,L) schiedeana (red reverse) Eucodonia (D,F,P) sulfurea G3770 verticillata 'Ehrenberg' tomentulosa hybrid mix hybrids (orange) Gasteranthus (H) ¥ hybrids (red) ¥ giganteus Conandron (A,R) ¥ lateralus ¥ ramondioides/Awaji Island ¥ wendlandianus GRF97163 Corytoplectus ¥ wendlandianus GRF98166 capitatus (LM) (w/red spots) capitatus G291 Gesneria (H,F,L) cutucuensis (L) christii cutucuensis GRF9794 cuneifolia riceanus GRF9654 (M) cuneifolia WEK96151 Cyrtandra cuneifolia WEK96152 cupulata (G,H,MT) cuneifolia WEK96155 Dalbergaria (M) cuneifolia WEK96157 asteroloma GRF97169 (white) cuneifolia WEK96158 eburnea cuneifolia 'Esperanza' medicinalis GRF9507 cuneifolia 'Quebradillas' ornata GRF2665 pedunculosa USBRG97-102 (S,T) ¥ perpulchra pedunculosa WEK96153 (S,T) polyantha pumila sanguinea reticulata sanguinea 'Orange King' GRF9492 ventricosa (M) sp. GRF93191 ¥ viridiflora ssp. sintenisii sp. GRF97160 WEK96162 (T) ¥ sp. GRF9852 'Flashdance' Diastema (D,F,P) Gloxinia (D) vexans gymnostoma (LM) Didissandra lindeniana (F,L) ¥ frutescens (H,M) nematanthodes (F,L) perennis (LM) perennis 'Insignis' (L)

8 The Gloxinian racemosa (L) ¥ plumerioides (Cabral) sylvatica (F,L) sericiflora AC2311 sylvatica GRF9943 (Brazil) tenuiflora sylvatica USBRG96-002 (Bolivia) werdermannii AC2310 Haberlea (A,R) Paradrymonia ferdinandi-coburgii ciliosa (L) rhodopensis decurrens (L) Hemiboea (D) Parakohleria subcapitata (L) sp. GRF9780 (yellow) Heppiella (D) sp. GRF98144 (rose pink) ulmifolia GRF95141 (L) Pentadenia ulmifolia GRF98172 angustata (B) Kohleria (D) byrsina (B,L) ¥ allenii USBRG98-109 (M) crassicaulis (B) hirsuta (LM) manabiana (B) hirsuta USBRG96-163 (F,L) microsepala GRF1837 (B) ¥ hondensis (LM) orientandina (LM) ¥ rugata USBRG95-010 (LM) rileyi GRF86243 (LM) spicata (M) spathulata GRF9503 (LM) hybrid mix strigosa GRF95154 (B) Lysionotus (LM) strigosa GRF9777 pauciflorus var. pauciflorus zapotalana (B) Monophyllaea (H,LM) Phinaea (D,F,P) horsfieldii ¥ albolineata Monopyle divaricata macrocarpa GRF94123 multiflora Moussonia multiflora 'Tracery' deppeana (M) Ramonda (A,R) ¥ elegans (M) myconi — ¥ elegans GRF9407 white ¥ septentrionalis G1201 (F,L) lavender Napeanthus (H) pink costaricensis (F,P) clone G jelskii USBRG94-511 (F,P) myconi (upright rosette) ¥ macrostema (F,P) Rhynchoglossum (H,L) Nautilocalyx gardneri colonensis (LM) obliquum Nematanthus Rhytidophyllum (G,H,S,T) australis (B) auriculatum corticola (B) tomentosum fissus (L) villosulum fissus GRF9938 Saintpaulia (F,R) fornix (B) ¥ diplotricha maculatus (B) ionantha serpens (B) shumensis strigillosus AC1434 (B) Sinningia (D) ¥ strigillosus 'Ibitipoca' (B) aggregata (M) tessmannii GRF9904 (red calyx) (B) aggregata AC1461 wettsteinii (B) aghensis (T) sp. 'Santa Teresa' (B) allagophylla (MT) Neomortonia (B) allagophylla GRF9922 nummularia allagophylla GRF9929 Opithandra (A,R) allagophylla GRF9968 primuloides allagophylla (yellow) Ornithoboea ¥ amambayensis (L) wildeana (LM) ¥ araneosa (F,L) Paliavana (S,T) brasiliensis (M) prasinata brasiliensis 'Verde' prasinata GRF732 brasiliensis AC1314 prasinata GRF91126 bulbosa (T) ¥ prasinata × S. macropoda MP944 calcaria MP891 (F,L) ¥ prasinata × S. reitzii MP949 carangolensis (M)

First Quarter 2004 9 cardinalis (F,LM) speciosa AC1652 cardinalis (compact) (F,L) ¥ speciosa (Chiltern Seed Co) cardinalis (dark calyx) (LM) speciosa AC1503 cardinalis (pink) sulcata (LM) cardinalis 'Innocent' tubiflora (S,MT) ¥ cochlearis (LM) warmingii (T) conspicua (F,L) warmingii GRF9921 conspicua GRF9942 (fragrant selection) sp. aff. warmingii from cooperi (LM) Ilhabela MP631 cooperi AC1522 ¥ sp. "Esmeril" (L) curtiflora (T) ¥ sp. "Rio das Padras" MP1094 (F, P) curtiflora GRF9927 ¥ sp. "Waechter" (LM) douglasii GRF91188 (LM) cardinalis 'Innocent' × iarae (LM) douglasii GRF9936 (LM) glazioviana × leopoldii F2 (LM) douglasii (pink form) (M) speciosa AC1503 × speciosa elatior AC1409 (M) 'Regina' (R) elatior GRF9963 ¥ hybrid red peloric eumorpha/Saltao (L) eumorpha hybrids mix (F,R) eumorpha (lavender) (F,L) "Hummingbird Mix" eumorpha (pink) 'Anne Crowley' (F,L) eumorpha (white) ¥ 'Apricot Bouquet' × self (LM) gigantifolia (LM) ('Apricot Bouquet' × self) × self (LM) glazioviana (L) ('Apricot Bouquet' × self) × harleyi MP482 (F,L) S. conspicua (F, L) hatschbachii (L) ('Apricot Bouquet' × self) × iarae (F,L) (S. conspicua × S. eumorpha) (F, L) ¥ incarnata (S,MT) ('Apricot Bouquet' × self) × insularis (LM) S. sp. 'Regina' (F, L) leopoldii (F,L) ¥ ('Apricot Bouquet' × self) × leucotricha (F,L) S. 'California Minis' (red) (F, LM) ¥ leucotricha (larger flower) (F,L) 'Bewitched' × self (F,L) lindleyi AC1501 (L) ¥ 'Delta Fox' × self (F,P) lineata (LM) 'Diego' (red) (F,L) lineata GRF9920 (LM) 'Diego' (pink) lineata (highly spotted) ¥ 'Dollbaby' (F,P) macropoda (M) 'Good Pink' × self (F,L) ¥ macropoda (dwarf form) (L) ¥ 'Jubilee' × self (F,L) macrorrhiza (T) ¥ 'Krezdorn Yellow' × self (L) macrostachya (LM) ¥ 'Leo B.' × self (F,P) macrostachya MP262 ¥ 'Little Imp' (F,P) magnifica GRF91121 (pink) (LM) 'Maiden's Blush' × self (F,P) magnifica MP627 (pink) ¥ 'Mother of Pearl' × self (F,P) magnifica GRF91134 (red) 'Mothers Day' × self (F,L) mauroana (LM) 'Pale Beauty' × self (L) mauroana GRF9964 ¥ 'Pink Ice' (F,P) micans MP892 (LM) ¥ Premier Pink' × self (F,P) nivalis AC1460 (L) 'Pure Pink' × self (F,P) nivalis GRF9923 ¥ 'Purple Crest' × self (F,P) piresiana (L) ¥ 'Ruby Red' × self (F,P) ¥ pusilla (F,P) 'Scarlet Sunset' (F,P) reitzii (M) ¥ 'Silhouette' × self (F,P) reitzii GRF9914 (magenta) 'Super Red' × self (F,P) rupicola AC1511 (F,L) 'Tampa Bay Beauty' × self (L) sceptrum (T) ¥ 'Ted Bona' × self (F, P) sceptrum AC2406 (T) ¥ 'Virgil' × self (LM) sellovii (MT) ¥ 'Whimsey' × self (F,P) sellovii GRF9919 ¥ 'Angora Love' × 'Margaret' (L) sellovii 'Bolivia' USBRG96-003 ¥ 'Georgia Sunset' hybrid mix sellovii 'Purple Rain' hybrid miniature mix (F,P) speciosa 'Lavender Queen' ¥ pink hybrid miniature mix (F,P) speciosa 'Regina' ¥ lavender/purple miniature mix (F, P)

10 The Gloxinian Sinningia speciosa hybrids (F,R) E. Transvaal (R) blue mix floribundus (R) mini dark pink formosus (R) lavender formosus/E. Cape, Transkei pink gardenii (F,L) ¥ purple goetzei (U) red grandis (U) rose grandis (blue form) white haygarthii (F,U) orchid/purple mix haygarthii/Mkambati, Transkei pink mix holstii (B,L) pink/white mix johannis (F,R) ¥ purple johannis/Komga, E. Cape purple w/spots johannis/Weza, S. Natal (R) red mix sp. aff. johannis (F,R) red w/spots ¥ kentaniensis MBG2335-60 (R) white w/red spots ¥ kentaniensis (N. Kei River) 'California Minis' kirkii (F,L) Charles Lawn hybrid mix meyeri (F,R) ¥ Early Giant mix ¥ meyeri/SE Transvaal (R) ¥ Jack Evans purple mix meyeri/NE Cape Province ¥ Jack Evans red mix modestus (R) hybrid mix ¥ modestus/Magwa Falls, Transkei (R) blue slipper molweniensis (U) lavender slipper muscosus (L) pink slipper nobilis (M) red slipper pallidiflorus (F,LM) ¥ purple slipper parviflorus (R) mixed slipper parviflorus (mauve) pink dwarf ¥ parviflorus (white) (R) ¥ Small's dwarf mix parviflorus (white/mauve) Smithiantha (D) pentherianus (F,L) aurantiaca (F,L) pole-evansii (R) canarina GRF9105 (F,LM) polyanthus (F,L) laui GRF9117 (F,L) polyanthus subsp. comptonii multiflora (F,LM) polyanthus subsp. polyanthus ¥ multiflora GRF9121 (F,LM) polyanthus subsp. polyanthus/lg fl ¥ multiflora GRF9122 (F,LM) ¥ polyanthus subsp. polyanthus/ ¥ zebrina GRF9104 (M) Hammarsdale, Natal (R) ¥ 'Little One' (F,L) polyanthus subsp. polyanthus/Valley Streptocarpus of 1000 Hills, Natal baudertii (F,R) polyanthus subsp. verecundus buchananii (B) porphyrostachys (U) caeruleus (R) primulifolius (F,R) candidus (F,R) primulifolius /Bullolo Rvr, Transkei candidus/Ngome,Natal primulifolius /Valley of 1000 Hills caulescens (F,LM) prolixus (F,U) confusus (U) pumilus (F,P) confusus ssp. confusus (U) rexii (F,L,R) cooksonii (dark purple) ¥ rexii (blue) Transkei cooperi (U) rexii (white) cyanandrus (F,P) rexii (pale blue/long corolla) cyaneus (blue) (R) rexii (white/blue mix) cyaneus (blue/long corolla) rimicola (F,P) cyaneus (lilac) roseoalbus (F,R) daviesii (F,U) saundersii (U) denticulatus (U) saxorum (B) ¥ dunnii (U) silvaticus (R) eylesii (U) stomandrus (F,L) fanniniae (R) thompsonii (B,L) fasciatus (R) thysanotus (B,L) fasciatus/Krokodilpoort, trabeculatus (U)

First Quarter 2004 11 vandeleurii (U) rexii hybrids (F,R) variabilis (F,R) ¥ Wiesmoor hybrids (F,R) wendlandii (U) hybrid mix (F,R) wilmsii (U) hybrid, lt blue/dk blue lines (R) ¥ wilmsii/Graskop hybrid, lg burgundy (R) wilmsii/Long Tom Pass ¥ hybrid, lg purple (R) ¥ 'Bethan' × self (R) hybrid, lg white (R) ¥ 'Bristol's Hot Rod' × self ¥ streptocarpella hybrids (B) 'Bristol's Popsicle' × self (R) Titanotrichum ¥ 'Cape Beauties' × self (F,P) oldhamii (propagules) ¥ 'Canterbury Surprise' × self (F,R) Trichantha ¥ 'Demeter' × self (R) ambigua 'El Yunque' WEK96163 ¥ 'Falling Stars' × self (R) citrina (B) 'Georgette' × self (R) dodsonii (LM) ¥ 'Gloria' × self (R) ¥filifera JLC6500 (B) ¥ 'Kitten Face' × self (R) purpureovittata (B,L) ¥ 'Mini Pink Fu' × self (R) Vanhouttea (S,T) ¥ 'Party Doll' × self (R) calcarata GRF3026 ¥ 'Pegasus' × self (R) ¥ brueggeri (S,T) 'Royal' (red) (R) Mixed alpine gesneriads 'Royal' (white/pink stripes) (R) Mixed gesneriads ¥ 'Sandra' × self (R) 'Thalia' × self (R) ¥ denotes LIMITED quantities ¥ 'Ulysses' × self (R) ¥ New Zealand hybrid mix (F,R)

(A) Alpine or cool greenhouse (LM) Low to medium height (B) Suitable for hanging basket (M) Medium height; 1 to 2 feet (D) Has dormant period, forming (MT) Medium to tall tubers or rhizomes (P) Petite or miniature; not more (F) Blooms readily in fluorescent light than 6 inches tall (G) Recommended for greenhouses; (R) Rosette in form requires space (S) Requires sun to bloom (H) Requires humidity and warmth (T) Tall plants; generally over 3 feet (L) Low growing; not more than 12" (U) Unifoliate or single leaf

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12 The Gloxinian Classic Gesneriads: Gloxinia perennis "The Origins in Cultivation of Gloxinia perennis and the genus Gloxinia" … adapted and expanded by Peter Shalit, from Frances Batcheller's article, Gesneriads One by One, THE GLOXINIAN, July-August 1977, pp. 6-12.

Gloxinia perennis is one of the oldest gesneriads in cultivation, seed having been sent from Colombia to the Chelsea Physic Garden in England in 1739. Linnaeus first described this plant in 1753 as a species of Martynia. (Martynia is not a gesneriad genus, but belongs to a closely related family, the Martyniaceae. Martynia is known in the United States for its curious seed pods with long curled prongs, useful to flower arrangers, but detrimental to grazing cattle. The pods of G. perennis resemble miniature versions of those of Martynia.)

The curious seed pod of Gloxinia perennis (photo by Peter Shalit)

Illustration of Gloxinia perennis first published by Linnaeus as Martynia foliis ferratis in 1753

In 1791, the botanist L'Heritier renamed the Linnaean species as Gloxinia perennis. The genus was named for Benjamin Peter Gloxin, a physician. He was born in Colmar, Alsace, in 1765, and died there at the age of 29. His family included prominent physicians in the city. His only botani- cal publication was Observationes Botanicae, his thesis at the medical school of the University of Strasbourg. At that time, all doctors required consider- able knowledge of botany, as many medicines were of herbal origin. Gloxin was a proponent of the French Revolution and was appointed consul for his city.

First Quarter 2004 13 Gloxinia perennis has been in cultivation for over two centuries. For a long time it was the only species of its genus in cultivation. It never achieved any great popularity, primarily because of its tall growth habit. Now the genus has been enlarged by new species brought into cultivation, and by transfers from other genera. The genus Gloxinia is a patchwork quilt, sewn together by the production of scaly rhizomes and a ridged capsule that splits along the upper side. The validity of the grouping is now being called into question, and the genus may be revised again in the future. Unfortunately, the name Gloxinia has been the subject of confusion in horticulture for many years. This confusion is apparent in the name of our Society, which was founded as the American Gloxinia Society, and subse- quently changed to the American Gloxinia and Gesneriad Society. The word "Gloxinia" here refers to a species that has not belonged to the genus Gloxinia for many years. In 1817, Conrad Loddiges introduced a showy ges- neriad from Brazil. This plant, which produced tubers, not rhizomes, soon became very popular. It has traveled far and wide as the "Florist Gloxinia". Botanists soon realized that it did not belong in the same genus as G. peren- nis. Because Gloxinia perennis had precedence, a new name was needed for the second plant, which then became Sinningia speciosa. Although other species have readily acquired the correct genus name of Sinningia, the "Florist Gloxinia" was written in indelible ink.

Editor's Note: This is the first in a series of features on "Classic Gesneriads", plants that have been in cultivation for many years and which are worth another look.

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14 The Gloxinian Growing Gloxinia perennis Indoors Peter Shalit 1312 E. Denny Way, Seattle, WA 98122 Gloxinia perennis is not at all difficult to grow or bloom, but it does take some work to grow it well. The effort is well rewarded, though, because a blooming plant of this elegant species can be stunning. I have grown G. perennis on and off for over thirty years, and every time I grow it, I am reminded of the pleasures of old friendships. The species has an upright habit, a red stem, and large stiff shiny leaves, gray-green above, and red-purple below. A mature plant is a few feet or approximately a meter tall, topped with a stalk of bell-shaped pale lavender flowers which have a sweet minty scent. The middle lower lobe of the flower is fringed with little teeth, which Hans Wiehler swore serves as a railing which prevents bees, drunken on the flower's nectar, from falling out of the flower. Although the species epithet perennis means "perennial", no portion of this plant lives for more than one season. The aboveground part of this plant is annual, emerging in spring from an underground scaly rhizome which dis- appears during the growing season. The old rhizome is eventually replaced by new rhizomes as the plant prepares for dormancy after blooming later in the year. So if you don't do well with your G. perennis one year, at least try to keep it going long enough to make new rhizomes so you can try growing it again the next year. If your plant fails to make rhizomes, you will lose it. This "annual" perennial habit, obligate dormancy, and upright growth pattern with a spike of flowers on top, is very reminiscent to the habit of a Smithiantha. In fact, I treat G. perennis and Smithianthas the exact same way indoors. The genera are closely related, and (sterile) hybrids have been cre- ated between them, the best known being ×Gloxinantha 'Evlo'. I start the large white scaly rhizomes of G. perennis in spring. I bury them approximately an inch or a couple cm under the surface of my current favorite mix in 4-inch pots, and place them close to the lights in order for the new growth to be stocky. The plants prefer to be toward the middle of a two- tube fixture for optimal light, and a four-tube fixture pleases them even more. The problem arises when G. perennis grows too tall for the light shelves, as it always does. In my light garden, this happens when the plant has 4-5 sets of full-sized leaves. At that point I cut off and re-root the top of the plant. The new cutting should have two sets of mature leaves, and an addi- tional leaf node at the base of the stem (with leaves removed). I sink the cutting into a fresh pot of soil with the lower leaves right above the soil sur- face. Ten days in a plastic bag or sweater box are enough to root the fresh cutting, after which the extra humidity is no longer needed. The original decapitated plant may survive and grow, but it will never make a nice plant. I keep it if I want additional rhizomes for friends, but usu- ally I just toss it in the compost once I know the top has successfully rooted. Like Smithianthas, G. perennis blooms naturally in late summer and fall, and a rooted top will bloom at a much more compact size than a plant grown directly from a rhizome. It will bloom when its time comes, no matter what size it is. Occasionally the cutting will again grow up to the lights without

First Quarter 2004 15 setting buds, in which case I will re-root the top and start over again. Once buds have appeared, the opportunity to do this topping is over because the shock of being cut off and re-rooted is likely to cause the buds to stop devel- oping. Last year, for the first time, I grew G. perennis, along with several Smithianthas, in natural light on a south-facing bay window. The plants grew happily to their full natural height of several feet, and bloomed lustily, though they leaned and grew into each other like a tangled jungle. I prefer to top and re-root this species, even though it takes more work, because it cre- ates a more compact and well-behaved blooming specimen which can be kept under the lights and does not need staking.

Growing Gesneriads Outdoors: Gloxinia John Boggan 1716 Irving St., NW, Washington, DC 20010 Since finally buying a house with a yard (a real luxury in the city!), I've had great fun gardening with many different plants, from things as common as petunias and impatiens to exotics like hardy palms and bananas. And of course gesneriads! I have experimented with species and hybrids of several genera outdoors, meaning in the ground and exposed to the elements. Coddling our plants indoors under fluorescent lights, pampering them with regular watering and fertilization, and treating the first sign of pests, we may forget how they grow in the wild. However, a back yard in the mid-Atlantic region is not the same as a tropical rain forest (a fact easy to forget during our beastly hot and humid summers!), so some attention to their require- ments is still necessary. I've had mixed results, to say the least. Some gesneriads have been utter failures, whereas others have far exceeded my expectations. Who would have expected Titanotrichum oldhamii to be a hardy perennial? Two mistakes I made early on were planting gesneriads in unamended soil, and giving them too much light. We forget sometimes that even the brightest indoor light translates at best to bright shade outdoors. Few gesneriads, but especially those that grow well under fluorescent lights, can tolerate full sun. It's pre- cisely their low light requirements that make many gesneriads suitable for growing indoors in the first place. And since these low-light gesneriads are usually forest plants, they require a loose, moist but well-drained soil that is high in organic content. The soil in my yard, like many soils in the region, is mostly clay and has been amended little (if at all) over the years by previous owners of my property. I have added shredded bark mulch, composted manure, autumn leaves, and composted yard waste to the soil to improve it. (Meanwhile I've had to remove rocks, bricks, concrete, rusty nails, bottles and broken glass, and numerous other decidedly inorganic soil additions!)

16 The Gloxinian Gloxinia perennis (photo by Paul Susi) and Gloxinia sylvatica (photo by John Boggan) growing outdoors in John Boggan's garden in Washington, D.C.

Gloxinia perennis growing in a garden Gloxinia perennis growing in the display in Ecuador alongside Chrysothemis greenhouse at the Royal Botanic Garden pulchella (photo by Jeanne Katzenstein) Edinburgh (photo by Maryjane Evans)

First Quarter 2004 17 Among the gesneriads I tried outdoors during 2003 were three species of Gloxinia: G. nematanthodes, G. sylvatica, and G. perennis. These species have rhizomes with long dormant periods which makes them easy to over- winter indoors. They are also moderately cold tolerant, so they don't turn up their toes at the first sign of chilly weather, unlike some Kohlerias I've tried outdoors. As with most of my outdoor gesneriads, I started them under lights in early spring and planted them out once the weather had warmed up a bit. I was more successful with these species than with some other gesneriads, in part because I learned from the mistakes I made in the previous two years. I gave the plants compost-enriched soil, bright partial shade, and kept them away from more vigorous annuals and hardy perennials that had crowded out now-deceased gesneriads. They grew well in the heat and humidity, and due to our exceptionally rainy spring and summer, it proved unnecessary to water them at all during the growing season. I fertilized occasionally, but far less than with my indoor plants. I was pleased to find that all three species were completely pest-free. In fact I have yet to encounter any serious pest prob- lems with any gesneriads outdoors. Gloxinia nematanthodes was blooming by midsummer, and G. sylvatica and G. perennis by late summer. Gloxinia perennis, in particular, is a good candidate for growing out- doors because it gets too tall to be grown to its full potential indoors. Outdoors it can grow as tall as it wants, which can be up to three feet (1 m) or more. It has handsome, shiny dark foliage, which adds to its garden appeal even without flowers. I discovered that this species requires far less light than the other two: G. sylvatica and G. nematanthodes grew and bloomed best in partial shade with direct sun for part of the day, whereas G. perennis grew and bloomed in deep shade, even after being overshadowed by faster- growing plants. By late August it was forming buds, and the first lovely mint-scented lavender flowers opened the weekend of my chapter flower show in mid-September, much to the delight of visitors to my garden. The primary drawbacks of this species are that it blooms late in the growing season, thus risking being nipped by early frost, and that each flower lasts only two days so that only two or three flowers are open on each stem at any one time. The first problem can be solved by starting plants indoors earlier in the spring, and the second by planting several plants together in a clump (something we rarely do indoors because they simply take up too much space). Using the slightly more compact selection 'Insignis' might also encourage earlier flowering. It is too soon to comment on the hardiness of the various Gloxinia species. I'm not brave enough to leave them outdoors over the winter (yet!). As I do with Achimenes, I'll dig up the rhizomes once the tops are killed by frost. I doubt any will turn out to be reliably hardy in my area (warm zone 7), but with heavy mulching and a mild winter, they just might make it. These species come from the Andes of Peru, Bolivia, and Argentina, often from high altitudes, which accounts for their cold tolerance. I have heard from at least one other grower who has successfully over-wintered G. sylvatica and G. nematanthodes in the ground in zone 7b. This should certainly encourage all of us to be a little more daring in growing gesneriads outdoors!

This is the first in a series of articles on growing gesneriads outdoors.

18 The Gloxinian Coming Events February 14-16 — Florida — April 24 — Massachusetts — Upperpinnelas AVS 44th annual Annual Plant Societies' sale at the judged show and plant sale "Violets University of Massachusetts, Eastern in the Movies" at the Crossroads Extension Center, 240 Beaver St., Mall, US19, Clearwater. Contact Waltham. Saturday 10:00 am to 3:00 Dawn Reynolds (727-846-0099). pm. Free. Wheelchair accessible. Participating Societies: Gloxinia and March 20-21 — Illinois — North- Gesneriad, African Violet, Begonia, ern Illinois Gesneriad Society judged Hort Resources and Master show and plant sale at the Chicago Gardeners. Choice houseplants and Botanic Garden, Lake Cook Road, perennials including Black Jungle East of I-94, Glencoe. Saturday and Terrarium Supply. Contact Bob Sunday 10:00 am to 4:30 pm. Clark (978-738-6983) . Handicapped accessible. Contact Susan Bradford (847-740-7801). April 24-25 — New York — African Violet Society of Rochester April 3 — Connecticut — The annual show and sale at Perinton Windsor AVS annual show and sale Square Mall, 6720 Pittsford-Palmyra "African Violets Visit Connecticut Road (Routes 250 & 31), Perinton. Woodlands" at the Windsor Public Saturday 2:00 pm to 6:00 pm; Library, 323 Broad Street. Saturday Sunday 11:00 am to 5:00 pm. 9:00 am to 3:00 pm. Free admission. Handicapped accessible. Contact African violets and other gesneriads Irwin Wagman (585-381-6384). Contact Nancy Hayes (860-242- 0162) . AFRICAN VIOLETS BY FREDERICKS, INC. April 3-4 — New Jersey — The African Violet Club of Morris Alyce Droege County 9th annual show and sale at GESNERIADS! Many, Many the Frelinghuysen Arboretum, 53 East Hanover Ave., Morristown. lesser known and rare gesneriads Saturday 1:30 to 5:00 pm; Sunday including starter plants from recently 11:00 am to 4:00 pm. Free admis- found gesneriads. sion. Contact Judy Padalino Well known STREPTOCARPUS hybrids (973-361-4529) . EPISCIAS CHIRITAS & MORE Complete Growers Supplies Gift Certificates – Catalogue $2.00 P.O. Box 1416 Franklin, NC 28744 Monday–Saturday 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. 1-800-771-0899 ORDERS ONLY 1-828-349-4832 www.african-violets.com VISA, MasterCard, American Express

First Quarter 2004 19 AGGS Slide Programs Now available, our newest program features the unusual and beautifully grown gesneriads exhibited at the 2003 Convention Flower Show. Programs in the AGGS slide library are a great, inexpensive way to bring the expertise of some of our most knowledgeable members to your local chapter. You can also see recently introduced species and hybrids that may not have made it to your area yet or get hints on how to grow specific plants by learning about their native habitats and how other people grow them. I'll be happy to answer any questions about any of the programs currently available: ¥ Introduction to Gesneriads (56 slides) ¥ The Companion Genera: ¥ Sacramento CA: Convention 2003 (78 slides) Nematanthus and Codonanthe (77 slides) ¥ Morristown NJ: Convention 2002 (78 slides) ¥ Kohlerias (72 slides) ¥ Kansas City MO: Convention 2001 (80 slides) ¥ Sinningias (80 slides) ¥ Tampa FL: Convention 2000 (79 slides) ¥ Streptocarpus Species (75 slides) ¥ Achimenes (59 slides) ¥ Streptocarpus Hybrids (79 slides) ¥ Chiritas (60 slides) ¥ Alpine & Cool-Growing Gesneriads (78 slides) Programs can be reserved by mail to Dee Stewart, 1 No Name Road, Stow MA 01775-1604 or email to [email protected]. Specify the program to be reserved and the date the program is required. Since new programs are very pop- ular, it is helpful if you provide as much lead time as possible, provide alternate dates, or alternate programs that would be acceptable. Please specify the address the program is to be mailed to and a contact phone number. Program rental of $20.00 U.S. payable to AGGS must be received before the program can be shipped. Your request will be promptly acknowledged and programs will be shipped to arrive at least one week in advance of your reserved date. Older pro- grams are shipped in slide sleeves and must be placed in a carousel or other container for viewing. Newer programs are shipped in a carousel. Programs must be returned within 5 days of your reservation date via Priority Mail with delivery confirmation in the U.S. or the equivalent postal category from outside the U.S.

Streptocarpus 'Lone Jack' (S. porphyrostachys × S. dunnii) hybridized and grown by Alan LaVergne Ð one of the many awarded plants to be seen in the new Convention 2003 slide library program (photo by Julie Mavity-Hudson)

20 The Gloxinian Light Up Your Life! Paul Susi 6 Upper Lane, Centerport, NY 11721 Stretching 118 miles from the Narrows of New York Harbor in the west to Montauk Point in the east, Long Island (or Lange Eylandt as the early Dutch colonists originally named it) was formed about 12,000 years ago at the end of the last glacial period. When locals talk about "The Island", they are usually referring to Nassau and Suffolk counties which occupy the eastern two-thirds of Long Island. (Brooklyn and Queens, part of New York City, occupy the western third.) The two peninsulas on the eastern end are known as the North and South Forks. The Island is home to some 2.5 million people. Humans first arrived on the Island somewhere between 16,000 and 11,000 years ago. The Dutch and English started settlements in the early 1600s, and some of the original village names are still in use: Breuckelen (Brooklyn), New Utrecht, Southold and Southampton, among others. (Old Halsey House, on South Main Street in Southampton was built in 1648 and is one of the oldest English-type frame houses in the state.) The residents of the Island were unified under the English flag in 1664. When revolution swept the colonies, two Long Islanders were among the signers of the Declaration of Independence Ð William Floyd, of Mastic, and Francis Lewis, of Queens. Whaling and shipbuilding were the major industries during the 18th cen- tury, and numerous lighthouses were constructed along the shoreline. There are now 20 working lighthouses on the Island, with names like Stepping Stones, North Dumpling and Execution Rocks. Fifteen of the lighthouses are in Suffolk County, which makes it the county with the most lighthouses in the US. By the end of the 1800s, Long Island farmers started growing pota- toes, which were the premier crop for more than a century. Soon ducks and pickles would join potatoes as Long Island's most famous exports. Of the eight million ducks produced nationally, more than six million per year came from Long Island during the late 1940s. Although pollution pressures put many of the duck farms out of business in the 1960s, there are four duck farms left on Long Island today, producing about 2.5 million Pekin ducks annually. The Island was also a magnet for the very rich. Between 1865 and 1940, about 900 estates Ð many of them covering more than 150 acres Ð were con- structed on Long Island, most on the north shore of Nassau County, which became known as the Gold Coast. Two that still hold court today are Planting Fields Arboretum and Old Westbury Gardens. During the 1920s and 30s, numerous public parks and the parkways to get to them were con- structed by Robert Moses, the "master builder". The major jewel in the crown is Jones Beach, which opened in 1929. It is located on a barrier island along the South Shore, and is considered one of the finest beaches in the world. By the 1950s, Long Island's rate of growth was the highest in the nation. The Levitt brothers, William and Alfred, were instrumental in providing housing for this burgeoning population by pioneering the mass production of affordable housing in the years following World War II. Today the Island is home to a diverse array of industries Ð from high tech, to scientific research, to animal disease research. Agriculture still plays

First Quarter 2004 21 an important role in the Island's economy, and more than twenty vineyards are on the North and South Forks, ranking New York second only to California in wine making in the United States. The population is also diverse, with the early suburbanites joined by new residents from South and Central America and all parts of Asia.

We have a fun-filled convention planned, from plant sales, to flower show, to trips and more. Hope to see you on Long Island . . .

In July, when you're feeling kind of low And need something new to grow Come, join us . . . And Light Up Your Life With Gesneriads on Long Island!

Belisle's Catalog $2.00 Marcia Belisle/Krieger Heirloom Violets P.O. Box 111 Choice Gesneriads Radisson, WI 54867 Unusual Houseplants [email protected]

OF SALISBURY 432 UNDERMOUNTAIN ROAD SALISBURY, CONN. 06068 PHONE (860) 435-2263 WEBSITE: www.lauray.com GESNERIADS ORCHIDS BEGONIAS CACTI & SUCCULENTS & MORE 2003-04 Catalog — $2.00 Visitors Always Welcome Usually open daily, 10:00 A.M. to 5:00 P.M.

22 The Gloxinian 48th ANNUAL AGGS CONVENTION — 2004 Tuesday, July 6th, to Sunday, July 11th, 2004 Convention Registration Form

Mail to Convention Registrar: Theresa Oropallo 14 Coptor Court, Huntington, NY 11743 or Register online at www.aggs.org Please print: Name(s) ______

Name(s) to be printed on badge(s) ______Address ______City ______State/Prov ______Country ______Zip/Post Code ______Phone (_____) ______E-mail ______AGGS Membership # (top line of current mailing label) ______Category: Individual Family Sustaining Research Life AGGS Chapter Affiliation ______AGGS Chapter President ______AGGS Officer/Director (specify) ______AGGS Chairperson/Staff (specify) ______Convention Chairperson (specify) ______Commercial Affiliation (nursery/greenhouse name) ______Attending my first AGGS Convention Arriving on or before July 6? Date of arrival ______Might have entries in Flower Show (data helpful for saving time in entries process) Special diet needs. Please indicate ______All registrations must be postmarked by June 1, 2004. After that date, registrations will be accepted on a space-available basis and will be charged a late fee of $25. Registrations postmarked by April 15, 2004, will entitle registrant to early admis- sion to the plant sale on Thursday, July 8, 2004. Registration fee includes registration packet and lectures except the Judges Training School for which there is a separate registration. Please make checks or money orders payable, in US$, on a US bank to: AGGS Or, charge my VISA, or MasterCard the total amount of $ ______Card # ______Exp Date ______Signature ______

23 Cost Event No. $US Total

Individual Registration (includes packet) ...... _____ @ $45.00 = $ ______

Guest or Family: spouse/children (incl. packet) . _____ $15.00 = $ ______or Guest or Family: spouse/children (badge only) . . _____ $5.00 = $ ______Wednesday, July 7, Opening Breakfast ...... _____ @ $16.50 = $ ______Thursday, July 8, Trip to Landcraft Environments and Palmer Vineyards (wine tasting, box lunch) . . . . _____ @ $38.00 = $ ______Grilled chicken with pesto and tomatoes on focaccia bread ___ Tomato, avocado, roasted peppers on focaccia bread ___ Ham and Swiss on croissant with honey mustard Friday, July 9, Continental Breakfast ...... _____ @ $15.00 = $ ______Friday, July 9, Membership Luncheon ...... _____ @ $21.00 = $ ______Salad Nicoise (tuna with green beans, tomatoes and other vegetables) ___ Chicken Caesar wrap Friday, July 9, Flower Show Awards Banquet . . _____ @ $33.00 = $ ______Roast top sirloin of beef ___ Sole Florentine Saturday, July 10, Breakfast ...... _____ @ $17.00 = $ ______

Saturday, July 10, Luncheon ...... _____ @ $24.00 = $ ______Saturday, July 10, Martha Jefferson Cruise and Buffet Dinner ...... _____ @ $75.00 = $ ______

Late Charge (if postmarked after June 1, 2004) . _____ @ $25.00 = $ ______

Total Amount Enclosed ...... $______

Be sure to register by April 15th for early admittance to plant sales! Early admission will be by registration number.

Will you volunteer a few hours of your time to help with staffing during convention?

Host at Registration Table: ______(day) (time/s) Assist at Plant Sales: ______(day) (time/s) Host at Flower Show: ______(day) (time/s) Distribute Table Favors and Take Meal Tickets: ______(day) (time/s) 24 Convention Chairpersons AGGS Convention Helen Freidberg (781-891-9164) 11 Arrowhead Road, Weston, MA 02193 AGGS Awards Colleen Turley AGGS Frances Batcheller Endowment Fund Paul Susi AGGS Shows & Judging Ben Paternoster

Local Convention Paul Susi (631-262-9193) 6 Upper Lane, Centerport, NY 11721-1125 Convention Hotel Liaison Ben Paternoster Artwork & Pamphlet Randy Baron & Paul Susi Convention Packet Jackie Davis Hospitality & Volunteers Marilyn Heinrich Plant Sales Norma Chenkin, Joe & Sylvia Svitak Publicity Jo Onderdonk Registration Theresa Oropallo 14 Coptor Court, Huntington, NY 11743 Speakers Robert Hall Special Events/Transportation Phyllis Channing Table Favors Quentin Schlieder Treasurer Rosemary Platz

Flower Show Rosemary Platz (516-221-8910) 2315 Jackson Avenue, Seaford, NY 11783-3223 Artistic & Show Schedule Ben Paternoster & Rosemary Platz Artistic Reservations Mildred Kiernan Classification & Plant Inspection Michael Riley, Carolyn Ripps & Carol Schreck Educational & Commercial Bob Clark 118 Byron Avenue, Lawrence, MA 01841-4444 Entries Jack McManus & Ray Annabel Judges & Clerks Jo Anne Martinez Placement Jill Fischer Plant Maintenance Billie & Lloyd Merkelson Staging Joe Palagonia

25 2004 AGGS Convention Program "Light Up Your Life – Gesneriads on Long Island" Tuesday, July 6 1:00 p.m. - 6:00 p.m. AGGS Board of Directors Meeting 5:00 p.m. - 7:30 p.m. Convention Registration (Flower Show pre-entry forms accepted) Wednesday, July 7 7:00 a.m. - 7:30 a.m Convention Registration and Information (Flower Show pre-entry forms accepted) 7:30 a.m. - 8:30 a.m. Convention Opening Breakfast: Opening Remarks, Local Convention Committee; Helen Freidberg, AGGS Convention Chair; Susan Grose, AGGS President 8:30 a.m. - 11:00 a.m. Judges Training (pre-registration and AGGS membership required) Session 1 Ð Novice Session 1 Ð Intermediate and Advanced Judges Workshop 11:15 a.m. - 12:15 p.m. Chapter Presidents Meeting with AGGS President and C&A Chair (open to chapter/affiliate presidents or delegates) 12:30 p.m. - 2:15 p.m. Judges Training, Session 2, All Levels 2:30 p.m. - 3:30 p.m. Judges Interest Group Meeting 3:00 p.m. - 6:00 p.m. Convention Registration and Information (Flower Show pre-entry forms accepted) 3:45 p.m. - 4:15 p.m. Internet Communications/Gesneriphiles Meeting 4:15 p.m. - 4:45 p.m. Newsletter Editors Meeting 4:45 p.m. - 5:30 p.m. Future Conventions Meeting (all welcome) 6:00 p.m. - 7:00 p.m. Judges Test 7:00 p.m. - 8:15 p.m. Welcome Reception, hosted by the Long Island Chapter 8:15 p.m. - 10:30 p.m. Gesneriad Hybridizers Association Meeting (open to all) Speaker: Dr. Michael Kotarski, whose topic will be "Strategies for Producing New Varieties of Gesneriads" Thursday, July 8 7:00 a.m. - 8:30 a.m. Convention Registration and Information (final submission of Flower Show pre-entry forms) 8:15 a.m. - 8:30 a.m. Board busses for tour (depart at 8:30 a.m. promptly) 8:30 a.m. - 2:30 p.m. Trip to Landcraft Environments display gardens followed by visit to Palmer Vineyards, including guided wine-making tour, wine tasting and box lunch 3:30 p.m. - 6:00 p.m. Frances Batcheller Endowment Fund Auction donations accepted 3:00 p.m. - 4:00 p.m. Convention Registration and Information 4:00 p.m. - 7:00 p.m. Flower Show Entries 9:00 p.m. Ð 9:30 p.m. Early Entry Plant Sales Ð entry by registration number, for those who registered by April 15, 2004 9:30 p.m. - 11:00 p.m. Plant Sales

26 Friday, July 9 6:00 a.m. - 6:15 a.m. Flower Show late entries (with permission of Show Chair) 6:30 a.m. - 7:00 a.m. Continental Breakfast for judges, clerks and show personnel who should include this meal with their registration 7:00 a.m. - 10:30 a.m. Flower Show Judging 8:00 a.m. - 9:00 a.m. Continental Breakfast 9:00 a.m. - 11:00 a.m. Convention Registration and Information 9:00 a.m. - 11:45 p.m. Plant, Seed, and Publication sales; Auction viewing 10:45 a.m. - 12:00 noon Lecture #1: "Integrated Pest Management" by Dr. Tamson Yeh 12:15 p.m. - 2:00 p.m. Annual Membership Meeting and Luncheon, President Susan Grose Presiding; Awards of Appreciation; Election of Directors 2:15 p.m. - 3:30 p.m. Lecture #2: "Endemism, Conservation, and the Discovery of Upside Down Flowers" by John L. Clark 3:30 p.m. - 5:30 p.m. Flower Show and Plant Sales open; Auction viewing 4:00 p.m. - 5:30 p.m. AGGS Board of Directors Meeting 6:30 p.m. - 7:30 p.m. Cocktail Hour 7:30 p.m. - 10:00 p.m. Flower Show Awards Banquet (Awards Chair: Colleen Turley) 10:00 p.m. -11:00 p.m. Flower Show and Plant Sales open; Auction viewing

Saturday, July 10 6:00 a.m. - 7:00 a.m. Flower Show open to photographers only 7:00 a.m. - 8:00 a.m. Flower Show Judges Critique (for judges and clerks who participated in the 2004 Flower Show) 8:00 a.m. - 9:00 a.m. Breakfast honoring Host Chapter, AGGS Chapters and Members-at-Large 9:00 a.m. - 10:00 a.m. Convention Registration and Information 9:00 a.m. - 11:30 a.m. Auction Viewing 9:00 a.m. - 12:00 noon Flower Show and Plant Sales Open 9:30 a.m. - 10:45 a.m. Lecture #3: "South Pacific Gesneriaceae: Research and Travels" by Vincent Woo 11:30 a.m. Silent Auction Closes 12:15 p.m. - 2:00 p.m. Luncheon honoring AGGS Commercial Growers; Frances Batcheller Endowment Fund Auction (Chair: Paul Susi) 2:00 p.m. - 3:00 p.m. Flower Show and Plant Sales open 2:15 p.m. - 3:15 p.m. Auction Settlement (live and silent) 3:00 p.m. - 4:00 p.m. Flower Show and Plant Sales breakdown 5:00 p.m. - 5:15 p.m. Board busses for Port Jefferson (depart promptly at 5:15 p.m.) 6:00 p.m. - 10:00 p.m. Martha Jefferson cruise and buffet dinner

Sunday, July 11 9:00 a.m. - 12:00 noon AGGS Board of Directors Meeting

27 AGGS Convention Show Schedule "Light Up Your Life — Gesneriads on Long Island" July 9 and 10, 2004 Entries will be accepted on Thursday, July 8, from 4:00 p.m. to 7:00 p.m. Late entries may be received on Friday morning, from 6:00 a.m. to 6:15 a.m. only by prior arrangement and with the written permission of the Flower Show Chairperson. Division I — HORTICULTURE Saintpaulia permitted only in Classes 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 40, 44, 46, and 47 SECTION A — New World Gesneriads in Flower – Tuberous Class 1 Sinningia speciosa species or hybrids (upright or pendent flowers) Class 2 Other Sinningia species with rosette growth pattern Class 3 Other Sinningia species with upright growth pattern Class 4 Other Sinningia hybrids with rosette growth pattern Class 5 Other Sinningia hybrids with upright growth pattern Class 6 Other Sinningia species or hybrids (largest leaf less than 1" long) Class 7 Other tuberous gesneriads SECTION B — New World Gesneriads in Flower – Rhizomatous Class 8 Achimenes Class 9 Gloxinia Class 10 Kohleria Class 11 Smithiantha Class 12 Other rhizomatous gesneriads less than 5" in any dimension Class 13 Other rhizomatous gesneriads SECTION C — New World Gesneriads in Flower – Fibrous-Rooted Class 14 Codonanthe, ×Codonatanthus Class 15 Columnea, Dalbergaria, Pentadenia, Trichantha, and their intergeneric hybrids Class 16 Episcia, Alsobia Class 17 Gesneria Class 18 Nematanthus Class 19 Other fibrous-rooted gesneriads SECTION D — Old World Gesneriads in Flower Class 20 Aeschynanthus Class 21 Chirita species Class 22 Chirita hybrids Class 23 Petrocosmea Class 24 Saintpaulia species Class 25 Saintpaulia hybrids or cultivars more than 10" in diameter (limit 2 entries per exhibitor) Class 26 Saintpaulia hybrids or cultivars 6" to 10" in diameter (limit 2 entries per exhibitor) Class 27 Saintpaulia hybrids or cultivars less than 6" in diameter (limit 2 entries per exhibitor) Class 28 Saintpaulia trailer (limit 2 entries per exhibitor) Class 29 Streptocarpus, subgenus Streptocarpella Class 30 Streptocarpus, subgenus Streptocarpus, species Class 31 Streptocarpus, subgenus Streptocarpus, hybrids Class 32 Other Old World gesneriads SECTION E — Gesneriads Grown for Ornamental Qualities Other Than Flowers Decorative fruit and calyces are permitted, but no flowers or buds showing color. A plant should have some special quality of color, texture or growth habit to be entered in this section. Class 33 Chirita Class 34 Episcia Class 35 Episcia with pink-and-white leaf variegation Class 36 Petrocosmea Class 37 Other gesneriads with green-and-white leaf variegation Class 38 Other gesneriad species Class 39 Other gesneriad hybrids

28 SECTION F — New Gesneriads This section is for introductions made within the last two years, but not previously entered in an AGGS Convention show. Exhibitor must provide a white card, not to exceed 8 1/2 × 11 inches, giving educational information such as name of hybridizer, collector, place of origin, special cultural requirements. Class 40 Species in flower Class 41 Species not in flower Class 42 Hybrids or named cultivars in flower Class 43 Hybrids or named cultivars not in flower SECTION G — Lesser-Known Gesneriads Seldom Grown or Seen in Shows Exhibitor must provide a white card, not to exceed 8 1/2 × 11 inches, giving educational information such as habitat, source, special cultural requirements. Class 44 In flower Class 45 Not in flower SECTION H — Collections of Gesneriads A grouping of 3 to 5 different plants in flower or grown for ornamental qualities, or in combination (Saintpaulia must be in flower). Exhibitor must provide a card, not to exceed 8 1/2 × 11 inches, with identification of plants. In Class 47, exhibitor must provide educational information on the card. Class 46 Plants of a single genus, either species, cultivars or hybrids Class 47 Kinship group Ð interspecific or intergeneric hybrid/hybrids with one or more parents SECTION I — Gesneriads Grown by a Novice A Novice is anyone who has never won a blue ribbon in a gesneriad flower show. An exhibitor wishing Novice status may not enter other Horticulture classes with the exception of Classes 24 through 28. Class 48 Gesneriads in flower Class 49 Gesneriads grown for ornamental qualities other than flowers (no flowers or buds showing color allowed) Division II — ARTISTIC Gesneriads must predominate. No artificial plant material allowed. Other live and dried material permitted. Accessories are optional unless specifically required. Plant material used is to be identi- fied and supplementary titles or descriptions listed on an accompanying 3"×5" white card. Saintpaulia permitted in Classes 53, 57 and 59, as well as in Sections M and N. Table coverings and niches will be neutral in color; exhibitors may provide additional background. Niche sides are only half the depth size but the design may use the full depth indicated. There is a limit of 4 entries in each class in Sections J, K, and L. Reservation requests must be sent to Mildred Kiernan, 11 Chester Lane, Farmingdale, NY 11735, or call her at 516-249-6998. The deadline for making reservations is June 15, 2004. Artistic arrangers must leave the show room at the latest by 8:00 p.m. SECTION J Ð Arrangement of Fresh Cut and/or Growing Gesneriad Material Class 50 "Sands Point Lighthouse" Ð Parties held on the adjacent property are said to have inspired F. Scott Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby. An all-foliage design suggesting opulence. Niche size: 27"H × 20"W × 20"D. Class 51 "Fire Island Lighthouse" Ð The 1827 structure was too short to be seen at sea; the current one is nearly twice as tall. Complementary tall and short designs exhibited in the same niche. Niche size: 27"H × 20"W × 20"D. Class 52 "Montauk Point Lighthouse" Ð For years Montauk Point, the easternmost point on Long Island, was the first landmark to greet arriving immigrants. A design suggest- ing an east-coast immigrant's country of origin (to be specified on the accompanying card). Niche size: 21"H × 15"W × 15"D. Class 53 "Cold Spring Harbor Lighthouse" Ð Deactivated in 1965, this lighthouse was pur- chased by a local resident for $1 as decoration for her property. A design incorporating an accessory with a nautical motif. Niche size: 10"H × 8"W × 8"D. SECTION K Ð Arrangement of Fresh Cut Gesneriad Material Class 54 CHALLENGE CLASS Ð At the 4:00 p.m. entry time, the class title will be announced and all materials, except mechanics, will be provided. Niche size: 10"H × 8"W × 8"D. Class 55 "Race Rock Lighthouse" Ð Thought to be an engineering impossibility, Race Rock required underwater masonry work to stabilize the 69-foot circular foundation. Create an arrangement that is partially underwater in a transparent container. Design, to be viewed at eye level, not to exceed 18"H × 12"W × 12"D (no niche).

29 Class 56 "Stepping Stones Lighthouse" Ð Located at the western end of Long Island Sound, it guards the approach to the East River and New York City. An abstract design suggesting an urban site (to be named on the accompanying card). Niche size: 21"H × 15"W × 15"D. Class 57 "Plum Island Lighthouse" Ð A restricted area, Plum Island is home to the USDA's Animal Disease Center. A design interpreting a science (to be named on the accompanying card). Niche size: 12"H × 10"W × 10"D. SECTION L Ð Arrangement of Growing Gesneriad Material Class 58 "Old Field Point Lighthouse" Ð Lightkeeper John expressed his feelings in an Ode To Old Field Light. Interpret a poem (to be named on the accompanying card). Niche size: 10"H × 8"W × 8"D. Class 59 "Execution Rocks Lighthouse" Ð The name is reported to recall that the British used this site to execute colonial political prisoners. A design suggesting the American colonial period. Niche size: 21"H × 15"W × 15"D. Class 60 "Orient Point Lighthouse" Ð Its shape earned this lighthouse the nickname "Coffee Pot". A design incorporating an item associated with coffee as either a container or accessory. Niche size: 27"H × 20"W × 20"D. SECTION M — Planting of Growing Material (Artistically and Horticulturally Balanced) Class 61 Terrarium, straight-sided, not to exceed 30" in any direction Class 62 Terrarium, curved, not to exceed 24" in any direction Class 63 Tray landscape, not to exceed 30" in any direction Class 64 Natural Garden Ð planted on rock or wood, not to exceed 30" in any direction Class 65 Trained or sculptured gesneriads Ð bonsai, topiary, espaliered, or other style Class 66 Other container, not the usual form of plastic or clay pot SECTION N — Artistic Entry by a Novice – A Novice is anyone who has never won a blue rib- bon in the artistic division of a gesneriad show. Exhibitors wishing Novice status for the Artistic Division may not enter other Division II classes. Class 67 Artistic entry suitable for any of the classes in Sections J, K, L, or M. Exhibitor must identify, on a 3" × 5" white card, the name of the class chosen and the plant material used. Division III — THE ARTS All entries must feature gesneriads in some form and have been made by the exhibitor. Limit, one entry per exhibitor per class, and not previously exhibited in any AGGS Convention Show. SECTION O — Photography – The subject must be identified on the entry card. Prints should not exceed 8" × 10"; mats should not exceed 11" × 14". Exhibitors must provide an easel for prints 5" × 7" or over. Slides must be mounted for projection in a standard carousel projector. Class 68 Color transparency Class 69 Color print Class 70 Black and white print SECTION P — Crafts Representing Gesneriads Class 71 Painting or drawing (easel must be provided by exhibitor) Class 72 Textile (exhibitor must provide a 3" × 5" white card giving the source of the design) Class 73 Other crafts Division IV — COMMERCIAL AND EDUCATIONAL Reservations for Sections Q and R may be sent to Bob Clark, 118 Byron Avenue, Lawrence, MA 01841, , or call him at 978-738-6983. Please reserve by June 15. SECTION Q — Commercial Class 74 Display table with a grouping of gesneriads (10 or more plants) Class 75 Display table with a grouping of gesneriads (fewer than 10 plants) SECTION R — Educational Class 76 Exhibit illustrating phases of scientific or historical research or gesneriad promotion Class 77 Exhibit of plant material Class 78 Exhibit of photograph(s) Ð This class is for photographs of gesneriad plant material seldom seen in shows and of botanical interest and is appropriate for plants which are seasonal or are rare in cultivation. Exhibitor must provide a white card, not to exceed 8-1/2"×11", giving educational information such as habitat, source, special cultural information, and reason for inclusion in this class.

30 RULES 1. Entries shall be in accordance with the schedule. 2. Exhibitors need not be members of AGGS. 3. Entries will be accepted only during hours specified. An exhibitor may request that the Classification Committee accept an entry for exhibit only. These entries, and all entries arriving after the close of entries, will be placed for exhibit only, will not be judged, and will be located in a separate area of the showroom. Where appropriate, educational information should be provided. 4. All entries for competition must be approved by the Classification Committee. Nonconformity to the schedule may bring disqualification. 5. An exhibitor is limited to one specimen of the same plant per class in the Horticulture Division. An exhibitor may submit more than one entry per class, provided each entry is a different species, cultivar or hybrid unless otherwise prohibited. 6. In fairness to amateur growers, institutions may not make more than two entries in the Horticulture, Artistic or Arts Divisions of the flower show. The same restriction applies to com- mercial growers who have employees who assist with the culture and grooming of potential entries. 7. Classes may be subdivided or consolidated by Chairman after entries close. 8. No entries may be removed from the showroom until the show closes. All entries must be checked out through the Show Committee. 9. All plants must be grown by the exhibitor and have been in the exhibitor's possession for at least three months prior to the show. This rule does not apply to plant material used in arrangement classes of Division II. 10. All entries will be staged in the showroom by the Placement Committee. Artistic arrangements and collections can be executed in the showroom by the exhibitor in the space designated, and during the stated time for entries. Cut blossoms or plant material may be placed in artistic arrangements on Friday morning from 6:00 to 6:15 a.m. by previous written arrangement with the Flower Show Chairperson. 11. Exhibitors will be permitted to indicate the front of a horticultural entry. 12. All plants must be free of insects and disease. All will be inspected, including commercial and educational exhibits as well as entries for exhibit only. 13. AGGS standard competitive judging will be used. 14. Awards will be made according to the following point scores: 1st, blue ribbon, 90-100; 2nd, red ribbon, at least 80; 3rd, yellow ribbon, at least 70. Honorable Mention may also be awarded. 15. Special Awards (more than a class ribbon) will be reserved for AGGS members only unless oth- erwise offered to non-members. An exhibit must score 90 or above to be considered. 16. There will be a Sweepstakes Award for the Horticulture Division and a Sweepstakes award for the Artistic Division. An exhibitor must win a minimum of 3 blue ribbons in that division to be eligible for the award. These awards are reserved for AGGS members only. 17. The award for Best Gesneriad in Show in the Horticulture Division (excluding Saintpaulia) is given for horticultural perfection. A plant must score 95 points or over to be considered for this award. Reserved for AGGS members only. 18. AGGS will endeavor to protect all entries but assumes no responsibility for loss or damage. EXHIBITOR'S INFORMATION The exhibitor must prepare a list of plants and other exhibits with the appropriate Section and Class numbers to facilitate the work of the Entries Committee. The Flower Show Committee will assist in identifying material unknown to the exhibitor. An exhibitor may provide educational infor- mation on a white 3"×5" card for any entry in the show for which a card is not a requirement. A computerized entry system will be used, and a pre-entry form will be included in each registration packet. Exhibitors with more than five entries are required to submit their pre- entry forms (in the Hospitality Center) on Wednesday or latest by 8:00 a.m. on Thursday; exhibitors with less than five entries are encouraged to submit their pre-entry forms early as well. Your cooperation will help expedite the actual entries process for everyone. No particular type of container is specified for the Horticulture Division. Whatever is used should be clean. Foil covering should be avoided. A protective container or cover made of transpar- ent material to shield delicate plant material from dry air or cold drafts may be used for any exhibit requiring it. Such plants may be judged uncovered. The class for a collection of gesneriads of one genus stresses horticulture primarily, but as this serves to focus attention on a special group, there should be some degree of presentation. Uniform type and color of container would be a first step toward unity. Some simple staging to provide differ- ent levels may be provided by the exhibitor. The plants might be grouped in a basket or a tray. Growing material established in situ should present a practical horticultural method of grow- ing, not a temporary insertion for display only. This section covers entries such as terrariums, dish gardens, bonsai and material grown in containers other than the usual plastic or clay pots. Straight- sided terrariums are composed of flat pieces of glass or plastic; curved terrariums are composed of rounded pieces. Photography: The photographer is being judged on the skill, technique and composition dis- played, not on the quality of the plant material chosen as a subject. Educational exhibits may be entered by institutions, chapters, study groups, or individuals. Any project relating to gesneriads may be presented with illustrative material that may or may not include live plant material.

31 Additional Convention Information The Sheraton Long Island Hotel is located at exit 53 (Wicks Road) of the Long Island Expressway. Driving directions will be enclosed with your registration confirmation. Limited free shuttle service is available from/to Islip MacArthur Airport; prior reservations are strongly suggested (see hotel reservation form). Southwest Airlines offers up to 10% off most fares for air travel to Islip MacArthur Airport, with the convenience of Ticketless Travel. To qualify, call Southwest Airlines Group and Meetings Reservations at 800-433-5368 and reference ID Code U0286. Reservations sales agents are available 7:00 AM Ð 8:00 PM, Monday-Friday, or 8:30 AM Ð 5:30 PM, Saturday and Sunday, CST. The discount is available from July 1 through July 15, 2004. Airport transportation from/to Islip MacArthur, Kennedy and LaGuardia airports is available from Classic Transportation (631-567-5100). A discount is available only through their web site Ð enter AGGS for the group code and select Sheraton (Hauppague) as the hotel destination. Group rides will pro- vide the best price. Convention registration must be postmarked by June 1, 2004, in order to avoid a $25.00 late fee. Register for convention by April 15, 2004, to gain early admittance to plant sales. Plant Sales Procedures Each vendor selling plants at convention must bring a minimum of 50 plants. Potted plants for sale should be well rooted and clearly labeled. Rhizomes, tubers, cuttings, and stolons in labeled plastic bags are also welcome. Of course, donated plant materials are greatly appreciated. The following procedures are to be used in preparing plants for sale. They will insure that sellers receive full proceeds from their plants, the buyers will have the name of the plant, and the sales process will be efficient. 1. Each plant must be labeled, either with its name printed clearly on a WHITE plant tag that is placed securely in the pot, or with a label on the pot. Plastic tags are pre- ferred; paper tags are discouraged. 2. The price and seller's identification must be shown on a separate BRIGHTLY col- ored plant tag. 3. Place the tags on opposite sides of the pot to assist in the checkÐout process. 4. Label cuttings, rhizomes, tubers and bagged plants by clearly printing the plant name on the bag or on a WHITE plant tag securely attached to the bag. Use tape or staples (tape preferred). Alternatively, use a plastic label placed inside the bag. 5. Price the cuttings, rhizomes, tubers and bagged plants by attaching a BRIGHTLY colored tag with the price and seller’s identification. Attach the price tag on the bag separately from the name tag by using tape or staples (tape preferred). If you are planning to sell plants at convention, we would appreciate it very much if you would let us know as soon as possible. Please send your name, address, and the ID you will use on your tags to: Joseph Svitak Sr., 85Ð51 169th Street, Jamaica, New York, 11432Ð2629 or eÐmail . Auction Information Silent or live, it's always one of the highlights of convention. The auction works for us all, but it can't work without you Ð your donations and your bids. What can you donate? Any gesneriad or horticulturally related item will do… especially live plant material. If you are entering show plants, consider donating one or more of your ribbon winners Ð they will be much appreciated! This year, we will have only one live auction, at the Saturday Luncheon, and the traditional silent auction from Friday morning through Saturday morning. You will be receiving an auction donation form with your registration materials. The form should be completed and brought with you when you bring your items to the Auction area Thursday afternoon.

32 American Gloxinia and Gesneriad Society, Inc. 48th Annual Convention — 2004 Room Reservation Form Mail to: Sheraton Long Island Hotel Phone: 800-325-3535 110 Vanderbilt Motor Parkway Hotel: 631-231-1100 Smithtown, NY 11788 Fax: 631-231-0843

To obtain the special group rate, tell them you will be attending the American Gloxinia and Gesneriad Society Convention. In order to guarantee reservations, please enclose a check for the amount of the first night's room and tax, or fill out the credit card information below.*

Name(s) ______

Address ______City ______

State/Prov ______Country ______Zip/Post Code ______

Home Phone ______Business Phone ______

Arrival Date ______Time ______

Departure Date ______Number of persons sharing room _____

Names ______

Check-in Time: 3:00 p.m. Rates: $114.00 Single, Double Check-out Time: 12:00 Noon $20.00 Cot fee Tax: 9.5% The above rooms are subject to all applicable taxes. Reservations must be received by June 5, 2004 to guarantee convention rates.

Circle One: American Express Diner's Club Master Card Visa

Card # ______Expiration Date ______

Signature ______

My check for one night deposit is enclosed $ ______

Non-Smoking Room Request Smoking Room Request

*Cancellation of guaranteed room reservations must be received 48 hours prior to arrival in order to avoid a charge equal to one night's room and tax. Parking is complimentary. Complimentary shuttle service is available from Islip McArthur Airport and Brentwood Long Island Train Station based on availability. Call ahead at 631-231-1100 for an appointment.

33 Judges Training School The Training School for the 2004 Convention will be held on Wednesday, July 7. The sessions for novice and continuing AGGS judges will be held from 8:30 to 11:00 a.m. and from 12:30 to 2:15 p.m. The examination will be given from 6:00 to 7:00 p.m. A member who is primarily interested in exhibiting, and not necessarily becoming a judge, may register for the school. Taking the examination is optional unless accredita- tion as a judge is desired. The registration fee is either $11.00 (which includes a new or renewal regular mail subscription of $6.00 to Appraisal, the newsletter of the Judges Interest Group) or $8.00 (which includes a new or renewal e-mail subscription of $3.00 to Appraisal). Only one subscription for Appraisal is needed for a single address. Checks should be made out to AGGS and sent to Ben Paternoster, 14 Coptor Court, Huntington, NY 11743-2335 by June 15. No registrations will be accepted at Convention. If you wish acknowledgement of the receipt of your registration for the school by regular mail, please enclose a self-addressed postcard with your request. E-mail acknowledge- ments will be sent provided an e-mail address accompanies the request. There will be a meeting of the Judges Interest Group on Wednesday, July 7, from 2:30 to 3:30 p.m. Current AGGS judges or those interested in becoming judges are welcome to attend this meeting. For judges and clerks who participate in the flower show judging, there will be a critique on Saturday, July 10, from 7:00 to 8:00 a.m. A Call for Judges and Clerks Anyone who is interested in an assignment as a judge or clerk should write to Jo Anne Martinez, Judges Chairperson, 809 Taray de Avila, Tampa, Fl. 33613, or e-mail <[email protected]>, for consideration. If you wish acknowledgment of the receipt of your request by regular mail, please enclose a stamped self-addressed postcard with your request. E-mail requests will be acknowledged by reply e-mail. Flower Show Awards It is January once again Ð time to prepare for our plant society's annual conven- tion. This year, all gesneriad enthusiasts will trek to Long Island for a respite from regular life and total immersion in the world of gesneriads! One of the convention's highlights is when the flower show participants are recog- nized for their high quality plants and exhibits. The winning exhibitors, myself, and AGGS as a whole appreciate the generosity of the individual members, commercial members, chapters, and friends-at-large who donate these awards. I am currently soliciting donations for the 2004 Convention. Any member or chapter who wishes to donate an award may forward the award to me at the address below. Checks or money orders should be made payable to AGGS. As in the past, preference is for unspecified awards. This allows for fair distribu- tion to all deserving entries. Special requests will be filled on a first-come, first-served basis. If there are no eligible entries, or the category's award has already been filled, the award may be transferred to another class or section. Should there be fewer eligible entries than awards, then the balance of award donations will be used to sponsor a color picture in THE GLOXINIAN of the "Best Gesneriad in Show". Acknowledgement of all award donations will be printed in THE GLOXINIAN and on the AGGS web site. Thanks for your past support and for your consideration for this year's convention. Colleen Turley 8404 West Harrison Court, Fredericksburg, VA 22407

34 Convention 2004 Trips on Long Island Paul Susi 6 Upper Lane, Centerport, NY 11721

Thursday — Landcraft Environments and Palmer Vineyards Landcraft Environments is a wholesale nursery that has specialized in tropicals for over ten years . The owners, Dennis Schrader & Bill Smith, have had articles in Fine Gardening, Horticulture and Country Living and have appeared with Martha Stewart. We will spend about an hour touring this tropical wonder- land. We will then travel through wine country on the North Fork, where the temperature is moderated by the the Great Peconic Bay to the south and Long Island Sound to the north. Coupled with a long growing season, this geographical location is ideal for grapes. The wine industry on Long Island began in the early 1970s and now produces robust merlots, full-bodied chardonnays, and other European classics. The 1,600 acres of land under cul- tivation produce over 4,500 tons of grapes in a growing season averaging 225 days a year. There are a total of 28 vineyards on Long Island, with 24 on the North Fork. Palmer Vineyards has been in operation for 17 years, and today Palmer wines are sold in 23 states in a network that stretches from Montauk to Florida to California. Palmer wines are also sold in Canada, The United Kingdom, Switzerland, Sweden, Norway and Holland. We will enjoy a wine-making tour, relax with lunch on the deck overlooking the vineyards, and sample some wine. Saturday — Paddle Boat Ride from Port Jefferson The history of Port Jefferson began with the Setauket Indians who, between 1655 and 1687, sold land to the original settlers. Port Jefferson was originally called Suwassett (a Setauket Indian name meaning "land of small pines"), then Drowned Meadow by the early settlers because the area was tidal and was "drowned" by the tide twice a day. In 1836 it was renamed after Thomas Jefferson, and in 1852 the village was designated an American port of entry and a federal customs house was constructed there. The Village was the largest shipbuilding center in Suffolk County in the 1800s with four of every ten ships built here. Between 1917 and 1919, the number of ship- yard workers mushroomed from 250 to more than 1,100; but when the war ended, shipbuilding was gone for good. After the demise of shipbuilding, Port Jefferson reinvented itself as a vacation spot. The ferries brought visi- tors, and beaches with bathhouses opened around the harbor. Our three-hour ride on the Martha Jefferson will feature a buffet dinner with various appe- tizer and entrée selections, dessert, coffee and, most importantly, the time to unwind from convention activities.

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First Quarter 2004 35 A Passion for Gesneriads John Littner Clark Department of Botany, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC One of the things that I enjoy most about being a botanist is exploring beautiful places. In my (biased) opinion, the Neotropical rainforests rank as one of the most astonishing places on earth, and my research and dedication to the conservation of these ecosystems stems from the joy of being there. One of the shocking realizations about these ecosystems is our lack of knowledge of the species that comprise them. Thus, one of the things that I can contribute to their conservation is the documentation of their diversity. Before starting my Ph.D. research in Gesneriaceae systematics, I spent four years living and working in the rainforests of Ecuador while serving as a U.S. Peace Corps volunteer. During that time period I gained some of the special skills needed for studying gesneriads such as packing mules and walking through knee-deep mud for extended time periods without getting tired. Most importantly, I learned Spanish and how to interact with locals in a way that fostered mutual respect for research and the daily plight that the people living in these forests face. I also came to the realization that I am passionate about plants, and especially gesneriads. There were over 45 species of Gesneriaceae in my Peace Corps site, and some of them were new to science. Because of his generosity and eagerness to share knowledge, Dr. Laurence E. Skog from the Smithsonian Institution's Department of Botany proved to be the most important influence fostering my interest in gesneri- ads. During the second year of my Peace Corps service, Dr. Skog and Dr. Lars P. Kvist visited Ecuador and agreed to let me take them to my Peace Corps site. It was exciting to participate in the documentation and description of four new species of Gasteranthus from this area. Since I started my Ph.D. program, we have been actively describing more new gesneriads from Ecuador. One of the first grants that I received as a Ph.D. student was from AGGS to study Alloplectus, a relatively unknown genus with numerous undescribed species. Before my work on this group, there was no single character that helped differentiate Alloplectus from other genera of the tribe Episcieae. One of the objectives of this grant was to sequence DNA in order to gain a better understanding of the evolutionary relationships among species from this group. While working on this project, I discovered a feature of this genus that had been overlooked by other botanists, i.e., many of the species that are currently classified in Alloplectus can be defined by the presence of resupinate (upside down) flowers. Members of Alloplectus that are not resupinate are more closely related to other genera. Therefore, understanding Alloplectus was dependent on being familiar with Columnea (see photo of Columnea peruviana Zahlbr.), Drymonia (see photo of Drymonia cre- natiloba [Mansf.] Wiehler), and Corytoplectus.

36 The Gloxinian Top: Tawny-bellied hermit (Phaethornis syrmatophorus) visiting Alloplectus penduliflorus M. Freiberg (photo by Murrary Cooper) Left: Female violet-tailed Sylph (Aglaiocercus coelestis) robbing nectar from Alloplectus herthae Mansf. (photo by Murray Cooper) Bottom left: Columnea peruviana Zahlbr. (photo by John L. Clark)

Bottom right: Drymonia crenatiloba (Mansf.) Wiehler (photo by John L. Clark)

First Quarter 2004 37 My molecular research has shown that species of Alloplectus as cur- rently circumscribed are related to four different genera in the tribe Episcieae, suggesting that Alloplectus has been a "trash bag" genus for species difficult to classify in one of the other well-established genera. In the process of trying to define a more accurate Alloplectus, I have essentially moved the trash out of Alloplectus and into Drymonia. Classifying these species into genera is the first step in trying to understand their biology. I am actively working to put these species into an evolutionary context (phy- logeny) so that I can answer questions about their natural history such as, "How many times did upside down flowers evolve?" or "Is there one specific type of pollinator for the upside down flower group and a different pollinator for the non-upside down flower group?" For example, the top photo on page 37 shows a tawny-bellied hermit visiting the resupinate-flowered Alloplectus penduliflorus. The same bird visits non-resupinate species of Alloplectus. Understanding plant diversity in the New World tropics is overwhelm- ing. There are few field guides and the only practical way for learning local flora is based on making collections and then looking up these collections in herbaria. Thus, most of what we know about the plants in Ecuador is from herbarium collections (i.e., dead, dry plants). I spent most of last year in Ecuador documenting gesneriads as a Fulbright scholar. My project was geared towards gaining a better under- standing of the endemic (meaning restricted or known to exist only in one area) gesneriads of Ecuador. More importantly, I wanted to know if these species were restricted to one hillside; and, if so, are they still extant (pre- sent)? Almost all of the species that I targeted were still extant. I also found that most of the species that were thought to be rare showed up in other areas. One of the things I did was assign conservation priorities to the endemic gesneriads of Ecuador. What became obvious is that our only means of assessing the conservation status of each species was based on a few herbarium collections. The International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) outlines sophisticated methods for calculating the integrity of a species. These guidelines are straightforward when one is conducting research in the temperate zone or working with birds or animals that are well studied (e.g., parrots or monkeys) but extremely difficult for most tropical plants. For example, there are 87 species of Gesneriaceae that are endemic to Ecuador (33% of the 260 total). This ranks the gesneriads as the plant family with the tenth highest endemism for Ecuador. However, many of these species are known from only one specimen. This is commonly misinterpreted to mean that the plant species is so rare that it has only been collected once. In reality, this usually means that the name can only be attrib- uted to one collection and no one has the knowledge to be able to attribute the name to any other specimen. Alloplectus herthae Mansf. (center photo on page 37) is an example of a species that was only known from one herbarium collection. Unfortunately this collection in Berlin was destroyed during World War II; and since then, no one has researched or attempted to figure out where this species belongs. Mansfeld published this name in 1938 from a plant collection made by Hertha Schultze-Rhonhof. I mapped Schultze-Rhonhof's route throughout Ecuador and realized that she was in Santo Domingo de los Colorados when the type collection for this species was made. Based on my own personal knowledge of this area and the literature, there is only one plant that fits the

38 The Gloxinian original description in this locality. This is a common plant that can be found throughout western Ecuador and Colombia. It is not rare, and it is definitely not endangered. Therefore, that is one mystery out of thirty-six that I have been able to solve. One of the common myths about gesneriads in the tropics is that they are highly site specific and exist in remnant patches of one population or only one ridgeline. I have rarely found this to be the case. Almost every trek or walk that I have conducted throughout my five years of living and working in Ecuador resulted in finding something that was known previously from only one other area or something that was thought to have disappeared. Many of these walks lasted two to five days and spanned various mountain ranges so that I had the opportunity to census the gesneriads from multiple forests. I do not carry much more than a camera, one water bottle (with iodine purification tablets), and one kilo of chocolate. I usually hire someone to carry plants and guide me to a village where I can find food and hospedaje (place to stay) where I can then make plans to reach another village the fol- lowing day. By implementing this low-cost and simple strategy, I have made over 7,000 herbarium collections (about 2,000 of which are gesneriads) throughout Ecuador. A frustrating thing about studying gesneriads is that they are difficult to identify. Despite five years of fieldwork in Ecuador, I am still discovering species that are difficult to name and probably represent species new to sci- ence such as a recent collection of Kohleria that I refer to as "Chewbacca". This species reminded me of the famous Wookiee from "Star Wars" because of the thick pubescence on the corolla. This common epiphytic herb was pre- viously mentioned and illustrated in THE GLOXINIAN as a new species of Capanea, which it is not because it has a one-valved capsule (not four-valved as in Capanea). It is not uncommon to find new species from groups that have not been recently monographed and studied (e.g., Alloplectus, Drymonia, Besleria), but Kvist and Skog just revised Kohleria in 1992.

John L. Clark making field notes on recent gesneriad collections in Ecuador (photo by Jeanne Katzenstein)

First Quarter 2004 39 Kohleria sp. nov. Ð This unpublished species is from the Ecuadorian Andes. Its woolly corolla has earned it the nickname "Chewbacca".

Pearcea hypocyrti- flora (Hook.f.) Regel Ð previously known from the Napo River in NE Ecuador, a new locality for this species was recently found in the Pastaza province, where some populations were so abundant that the for- est floor looked like a carpet of red flowers.

Gasteranthus crispus (Mansf.) Wiehler Cremosperma reldioides L.P.Kvist Ð before the 1990's, this species was & L.E.Skog Ð this species was only known from three collections. known from one collection. The foliage is coriaceous (leather-like) Numerous new populations were and the flowers last 10-20 days. recently discovered along the Ibarra- Lita road in Northern Ecuador.

40 The Gloxinian Most of the pictures appearing with this article were taken during ten- minute breaks on days that covered 10-20 km of walking. I carry an umbrella to photograph in the rain. I use Velvia slide film with a Nikon 105 mm lens and a Nikon SB-29 ring flash. Ideally, it would be nice to use natural light and a tripod (without a flash), but this takes too long and there are too many gesneriads to document and not enough time. Using a ring flash is fast and it allows me to take advantage of the slow speed of Velvia without losing depth of field. I look forward to further interaction with the horticultural gesneriad community. Despite not being a grower myself, I have learned a great appre- ciation for the family from time spent in the field with Jeanne Katzenstein, Richard Dunn, and Robert Hall. Now that I am nearing the completion of my Ph.D., I hope to continue researching this family, visiting the tropics, and sharing that passion with other horticulturalists, conservationists, and researchers.

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First Quarter 2004 41 AGGS Publications Kohleria Register (2001) ...... $5.00 Flower Show Manual (2000) for Streptocarpus Register (1999)...$8.00 Judges & Exhibitors...... $7.00 Achimenes Register (1996) ...... $6.00 Flower Show Entry Cards per 100 ...... $10.00 Episcia Register (1993) ...... $5.00 Propagation of Gesneriads and Aeschynanthus Register (1990) .$3.50 Birds & Bees & Gesneriad Sinningia Register (1988) ...... $5.50 Seeds ...... $2.00 Columnea Register (1987)...... $4.50 THE GLOXINIAN Picture Index Intergeneric Hybrids Register: Tribe (1966Ð1990)...... $4.00 Gloxinieae (1986) ...... $3.00 THE GLOXINIAN Current Issues ...... $7.00 Nematanthus Register (1978) ....$1.50 Back Issues — Years 1996, 97, 98, 99, 2000, 01, 02, 03 $20.00 set of 4 Back Issues — Years 1991, 92, 93, 94, 95 ...... $24.00 set of 6 Back Issues — Year 1990 ...... $30.00 set of 6 Prior to 1990, price based on availability. Write for information. Please allow 6Ð8 weeks for delivery. Orders to Canada and Make checks payable (in U.S. Mexico include 20% additional for shipping. Other non-U.S. funds) to: AGGS, Inc. and mail to: orders include 40% additional postage for air mail (7Ð10 Pat Richards days) or 20% for surface mail (up to 3 months). AGGS Publications To pay by credit card, specify Visa or MasterCard, include the credit card number, expiration date, and your signature 15105 S. Seminole Dr. with the order. Olathe, KS 66062-3004

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42 The Gloxinian Research on Gesneriaceae in Austria – Part II: Karl Fritsch (1864-1934) Anton Weber Institute of Botany, University of Vienna Rennweg 14, A-1030 Vienna, Austria

In the early period described in the last issue of THE GLOXINIAN, only punc- tual contributions had been made by Austrian botanists to the knowledge of Gesneriaceae. The situation changed significantly when Karl Fritsch started his work on the family. Fritsch is well known as the author of the treatise of Gesneriaceae in the epoche-making book series "Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien" ("The natural plant families") edited by Adolf Engler and Karl Prantl in Berlin. Volume IV/3b, comprising the Gesneriaceae, was pub- lished in 1893-1894. In fact, this was the last monograph of Gesneriaceae surveying the family as a whole. One would have expected that a treatise of such magnitude would stand at the end of the career of a botanist after hav- ing devoted a great deal of time, work and experience to such a large and exotic family Ð but this was not so with Fritsch. The monograph was actually his first publication on Gesneriaceae. In the course of the work for the mono- graph, Frisch apparently became more and more fascinated by the family and later published another 24 papers (out of nearly 300) covering manifold aspects of morphology and taxonomy of the family. Gesneriaceae accompa- nied Fritsch throughout his lifetime. His last publication on the family, a paper on the genus Besleria, appeared in the year of his death. Fritsch was born in Vienna in 1864. He started to study the science of botany in Innsbruck, then moved back to Vienna where he received his "Doctor of philosophy" degree in 1886. His doctoral thesis was on the

Karl Fritsch (1864-1934) Fritsch's character is described as serious, very correct, a bit stiff and inaccessible. Nonetheless, he was highly acknowledged and admired by his students and assistant researchers. The portrait shows a serious-looking man, without a smile on his face. He apparently embodied a strong and accurate personage of a somewhat old-fashioned professor.

First Quarter 2004 43 anatomy and systematics of Rubus (black- and raspberries). Among his most influential professors were Julius Wiesner (see below) and Anton Kerner von Marilaun, author of the several-volumed "Das Pflanzenleben" ("Plant life"). After finishing his university studies, Fritsch worked as a volunteer at the Museum of Natural History Vienna and then was appointed as a "demonstra- tor" at the Institute of Plant Physiology at the Univerity of Vienna where his supervisor was J. Wiesner. At the age of 36, Fritsch followed a call to the University of Graz, the capital of Styria, and became full Professor of Botany in 1905. Fritsch spent the rest of his life in Graz and died a sudden death from a heart attack in 1934, shortly before his 70th birthday. The research work of Fritsch can be roughly divided into three areas: (1) The flora of the Austrian-Hungarian empire Ð In fact, Fritsch was an excel- lent expert on the Central and East European flora and to Austrian botanists he is still well known by the publication of a pocket flora of Austria ("Exkursionsflora für Österreich und die ehemals österreichischen Nachbargebiete"), which appeared in its third and last edition in 1922. Though many names and generic or species concepts have changed since, Fritsch's flora was reimprinted in 1973 in unchanged form and was much used until recently when it was replaced by the new "Exkursionsflora von Österreich" edited by M. Fischer (1994). (2) Monographic work – Fritsch was an expert on several plant families. Apart from the Gesneriaceae, he also monographed the Caprifoliaceae, Adoxaceae and Columelliaceae for the "Natürliche Pflanzenfamilien". (3) Studies on the systematic position and classification of the Monocotyledons. In addition, Frisch was also interested in lower plants, especially fungi and slime moulds. Fritsch's impressive work was recently honoured by the establishment of a new journal named after him: "Fritschiana". It is edited by the Institute of Botany of the Karl-Franzens-University in Graz. The first issue appeared in 1994 and there are presently over 30 issues. Information about the journal and the papers hitherto published therein can be obtained from the internet . From the information available regarding Fritsch's life and career (Knoll 1934, Kubart 1935, Barnhart 1965, Stafleu & Cowan 1976, Teppner 1997), we do not know precisely how he made acquaintance with the family Gesneriaceae. When he started the revision, he did not seem to have had any particular experience with the family for which he became an acknowledged specialist in his time and made many significant contributions. A first contact could have been through plants cultivated at the Botanical Garden Vienna, or from work in the herbarium at the Museum of Natural History, or by the con- tact with Julius Wiesner who was interested in the phenomenon of anisophylly (see below), or simply by the invitation of Engler and Prantl who searched for an ambitious and distinguished young botanist who was willing to revise the large family for the "Natürliche Pflanzenfamilien". When the first part of the Gesneriaceae monograph appeared in 1893, Fritsch was 29 years old and he had already published 68 papers on various botanical topics. Taxonomic papers include the species of Rubus of New Zealand (1886; Fritsch's first publication), systematics of Verbascum, Potentilla, Salix and the neotropical family Chrysobalanaceae. Fritsch apparently had an excellent scientific reputation and thus seemed an ideal candidate for the monographic work in Engler & Prantl's ambitious book series.

44 The Gloxinian Fritsch made a strong effort to understand the evolutionary diversifica- tion of the family and worked out a very detailed classification, establishing a considerable number of new tribes and subtribes. However, his classifica- tion proved to be untenable in several respects, especially in the definition of the two subfamilies. Originally, Gesneriaceae consisted of two separate fami- lies: Gesneriaceae (New World) and Didymocarpaceae = Cyrtandraceae (Old World). In 1838 and 1839, respectively, G. Don and R. Brown united for- mally the two families. Brown recognized three tribes, two in the New World (Beslerieae, Gesnerieae) and one in the Old World (Cyrtandreae); Bentham (1876) reduced the number to two (Gesnerieae, Cyrtandreae). Unfortunately, he dispensed with the geographical separation, using the position of the ovary (inferior vs. superior) as the essential criterion to separate the two tribes. Fritsch followed Bentham in this and other respects, just raising the two tribes to subfamilies and dividing these into (partly new) tribes and sub- tribes. By the mixture of neo- and paleotropical genera with superior ovary in some (sub)tribes, Bentham and Fritsch produced several very unnatural groups that cannot withstand a critical consideration. The preparation of the monograph apparently stimulated Fritsch to con- tinue work on the family. One focus was on the morphology and anatomy of (especially paleotropical) Gesneriaceae; another focus was on the taxonomy of neotropical representatives. Gesneriaceae morphology and anatomy — The most remarkable mor- phological treatment is certainly Fritsch's book on the seedlings of Gesneriaceae ("Die Keimpflanzen der Gesneriaceae", 1904). Fritsch knew about the peculiar situation in Streptocarpus. Around 1860, Crocker and Caspary had discovered that the single leaf of some Streptocarpus species corresponds to an enormously enlarged cotyledon. Fritsch screened a consid- erable number of Gesneriaceae-seedlings and described the unequal development of the two cotyledons in numerous paleotropical Gesneriaceae. He noted the different degrees of unequal cotyledon developent and con- firmed for numerous taxa that the American Gesneriaceae have seedlings with equal cotyledons. With these observations, Fritsch laid the foundation for a re-definition of subfamily Cyrtandroideae more than half a century later (Burtt 1963). The term "anisocotyly" was coined by Fritsch comparatively late (1920) and is now a well-established technical term referring to the unequal cotyledon development and defining the paleotropical Gesneriaceae as a systematical group. Other morphological contributions relate to the flower and inflorescence structure of Gesneriaceae. In 1915 Fritsch published a short paper on flower anomalies; and a few years before his death, he published two papers on inflorescences of the two European gesneriads Ramonda (1927) and Haberlea (1931). In reminiscence of the subject of his thesis, Fritsch was permanently interested in the anatomy of Gesneriaceae. He discovered the presence of cystoliths in Klugia (now included in Rhynchoglossum). Students of Fritsch contributed significant anatomical data to the knowledge of Gesneriaceae as well. Gesneriaceae taxonomy — Apart from writing several supplements to the Gesneriaceae-monograph in the "Pflanzenfamilien", Fritsch extensively studied neotropical gesneriad genera and areas (especially Brazil). It must be

First Quarter 2004 45 Streptocarpus pentherianus Fritsch Gloxinia gymnostoma Griseb. (photo by Chris Kunhardt) includes Fritsch's Fiebrigia digitaliflora (photo by M. Stone) noted, however, that Fritsch never visited South or Central America nor any other tropical country himself. His work was virtually exclusively based on herbarium specimens collected by participants of scientific expeditions con- ducted at that time. He had little knowledge of living gesneriads and, therefore, his taxonomic assessments proved not always satisfactory. Nonetheless, a good deal of his new species survived and withstood critical re-examination. In the following, some details are given regarding Fritsch's taxonomic work on Gesneriaceae. New Gesneriaceae genera described by Fritsch — There are two gen- era that have been established by Fritsch: Kohlerianthus (1897) and Fiebrigia (1913). Both have disappered in the synonymy of Columnea (or Pentadenia, if Columnea is split into independent genera) and Gloxinia, respectively. The new species described by Fritsch in Fiebrigia, F. digitali- flora, is now in the synonymy of Gloxinia gymnostoma. New species and combinations — Fritsch described numerous new species, new varieties and made numerous new combinations in the Gesneriaceae. The list comprises about 230 names (147 new species, 16 new varieties, 64 new combinations). It must be noted again that Fritsch had no knowledge of the living plants, and in many cases he had only a single herbarium specimen at his disposal. He knew very little about the distribu- tion, and he could not assess the variability of a species over its distribution area. His species concepts, therefore, proved too narrow in many cases. All these reasons contributed to the fact that many of Fritsch's new species had to be reduced to synonymy later on. Also, generic concepts had changed in many cases (and still do so), and Fritsch's species had to be combined in dif- ferent genera. All together, there are now about 60 species names that bear Frisch as the authority or parenthetical authority (when a new combination of the species described by Fritsch was made). In the following, comments are given to particular genera covered in some way by Karl Fritsch.

46 The Gloxinian Achimenes — One new species and three new combinations were established by Fritsch. At present, only two combinations are accepted: A. glabrata (Zucc.) Fritsch and A. mexicana (Seem.) Fritsch. The other names have been included in the synonymy of Gloxinia species. Besleria — This large genus, now comprising more than 200 species, was one of the favourite taxa of Fritsch. He described about 30 new species from Colombia, Peru and Venezuela, about two thirds of them seem still to be accepted. From the remain- der, some species have been transferred to Gasteranthus (re-established by Wiehler 1975) and Cremosperma (see below). Capanea — Of the eleven species names that have accumulated so far, six were established by Fritsch. However, it is currently believed that the genus comprises only two species, one of them being C. affinis Fritsch. Codonanthe — Fritsch described two new species in this genus which now includes more than 20 species. The name of one, C. formicarum, addresses the sym- biosis with ants, but is now included in the synonymy of the widespread C. crassifolia. The second species, C. uleana Fritsch, seems well accepted. Corytholoma — Fritsch described several new species and made a lot of trans- fers. Some part was later transferred to Rechsteineria. Both genera, however, are now included in Sinningia (see there). Crantzia — This genus, established by Scopoli in 1777, has become obsolete. Fritsch transferred over 20 species to Crantzia, but now, after drastic changes in some generic concepts by Wiehler (1983) these appear distributed over several genera: Alloplectus, Corytoplectus, Columnea, Drymonia and Nematanthus. None bear a Fritsch name any longer. Cremosperma — Two species described by Fritsch under Besleria are to be mentioned here: Cremosperma cestroides (Fritsch) C.V.Morton, and Cremosperma cinnabarina (Fritsch) C.V.Morton. Diastema — Fritsch described about 10 new species in Diastema, but most were later combined in Kohleria, Parakohleria and Pearcea (see there). Little known are the remaining species D. affine Fritsch, D. eggersianum Fritsch, D. hispidum (DC.) Fritsch, D. kalbreyeri Fritsch, D. sodiroanum Fritsch, and D. weberbaueri Fritsch. Drymonia — One of the two species described by Fritsch in this large and sig- nificant genus is still accepted: D. lindmaniana Fritsch. See also Crantzia. Episcia — The single species described by Fritsch, E. fimbriata Fritsch, is still in use. Fiebrigia — This is one of the two new genera described by Fritsch (in 1913). The new species described therein (F. digitaliflora Fritsch) is now in the synonymy of Gloxinia gymnostoma. Gasteranthus — Fritsch described several species under Besleria which now appear in Gasteranthus in the following form (see Skog & Kvist 2000): G. calcaratus subsp. calceolus (Fritsch) L.E.Skog & L.P.Kvist [= G. calceolus (Fritsch) Wiehler], G. corallinoides (Fritsch) Wiehler, G. corallinus (Fritsch) Wiehler, and G. ecuadorensis (Fritsch) Wiehler. Gesneria — The two transfers made by Fritsch concern two well-known species of Gesneria: G. cuneifolia (DC.) Fritsch and G. pedunculosa (DC.) Fritsch, both transferred from the illegitimate Conradia. Gloxinia — Fritsch's two new combinations, G. lindeniana (L.) Fritsch and G. perennis (L.) Fritsch, are still in use and concern significant species of Gloxinia. Both are in cultivation. In the latter species the exciting pollination syndrome of perfume flowers (nectary replaced by an osmophore and fragrant substances collected by male Euglossine bees) was discovered by Stefan Vogel (1966). Heppiella — In this genus of Andean distribution, Fritsch described six species and made one new combination. In his recent revision of the genus, Kvist (1990) reduced the 19 species described so far to four. One, the very variable H. ulmifolia is widespread and common, with the others only locally distributed. Five of Fritsch's

First Quarter 2004 47 new species fall under H. ulmifolia, and one under H. verticillata. Only Fritsch's new combination, H. viscida (Lindl. & Paxt.) Fritsch, has survived. Hippodamia — This genus was described by Decaisne in 1848. Fritsch made two new combinations and described a new species in this genus. All are now in the synonymy of Solenophora species (see Weigend & Förther 2002). Hypocyrta — Fritsch described three new species in Hypocyrta. Two have been transferred to Nematanthus [N. maculatus (Fritsch) Wiehler; N. wettsteinii (Fritsch) H.E.Moore] and are in cultivation. (N. wettsteinii was named in honour of Prof. Richard Wettstein, 1863Ð1931, Director of the Institute of Botany in Vienna from 1899 onwards; he led an expedition to Brazil in 1901.) The third is now in synonymy of Nematanthus fornix. Klugia — Fritsch described two new species and a new variety of Klugia from Central America. The species have been maintained and transferred to Rhynchoglossum by Burtt (1963). However, all American Rhynchoglossums are now regarded to represent only a single variable species: R. azureum (Schlechtd.) B.L.Burtt. Koellikeria — Fritsch's new K. major was later reduced to the only species of the genus, K. erinoides (DC.) Mansf. Kohleria — This was another favourite genus of Fritsch. Around 35 species, varieties and hybrids have been described or combined, but only few names survived (see Kvist & Skog 1992a): K. amabilis (Planch. & Linden) Fritsch, K. peruviana Fritsch, K. stuebeliana Fritsch, K. villosa (Fritsch) Wiehler (described as Diastema villosa by Fritsch), and K. villosa var. anisophylla (Fritsch) Wiehler (described as Diastema anisophylly by Fritsch). The popular Kohleria bogotensis (Nichols.) Fritsch has been reduced to variety rank by Kvist & Skog (1992). This is a frequently culti- vated plant with spectacular red-yellow flowers, apparently pollinated by hummingbirds. Some of Fritsch's new species have been transferred to the genus Moussonia, re-established by Wiehler in 1983, and some to Pearcea (Kvist & Skog 1996). Monopyle — Fritsch described two new species herein, both names being still in use: M. angustifolia Fritsch and M. sodiroana Fritsch. Neither of them seems to be in cultivation. Napeanthus — In this genus of over 20 species, Fritsch contributed three new species. All of them are still accepted: N. ecuadorensis Fritsch (Ecuador), N. jelskii Fritsch (French Guiana), and N. robustus Fritsch (Ecuador). Nematanthus — One new combination: N. fluminensis (Vell.) Fritsch. See also under Hypocyrta. Paliavana — Fritsch's P. racemosa is now included in Paliavana prasinata (Ker-Gawl.) Benth. Pearcea — This was established by Regel (1867), based on P. hypocyrtiflora (Hook. f.) Regel. It was for a long time a monotypic genus, until in 1936 a second species (P. schimpfii) was added. Both of these species from Ecuador have strongly pouched flowers with a constricted throat. The revision of Kvist & Skog (1996) resulted in a very expanded concept of the genus, comprising 17 species (including those of Parakohleria), many of them new and showing a wide range of flower shapes. One species bears a Fritsch name: P. reticulata (Fritsch) L.P.Kvist & L.E.Skog (described by Fritsch as Kohleria reticulata). Many of Fritsch's other Kohlerias appear in the synonymy of Pearcea species. Rechsteineria — This genus, to which Fritsch contributed some new species and combinations, is now included in Sinningia. See there. Rhynchoglossum — See Klugia. Rottlera — This is one of the few paleotropical genera of Gesneriaceae in which Fritsch made some new combinations. The genus is, however, illegitimate (see Weber & Burtt 1998) and therefore left out of consideration here.

48 The Gloxinian These Fritsch species and many others were photographed by John L. Clark during his time spent researching gesneriads in Ecuador

Monopyle sodiroana Fritsch

Capanea affinis Fritsch Diastema affine Fritsch

First Quarter 2004 49 Seemannia — This genus was submerged into Gloxinia by Wiehler (1976). The three new species described by Fritsch (plus one new combination) have disappeared in the synonymy of Gloxinia sylvatica (Kunth) Wiehler and G. purpurascens (Rusby) Wiehler Sinningia — As was said above, Sinningia now includes the former genera Corytholoma, Rechsteineria (as well as Lietzia). A fair number of species had been described or combined by Fritsch in the latter genera. In the current concept of Sinningia, there are half a dozen names of Sinningia species commemorating Fritsch. These are: S. glazioviana (Fritsch) Chautems (Corytholoma glazoviana Fritsch), S. macrophylla (Nees & Mart.) Benth. & Hook. ex Fritsch, S. micans (Fritsch) Chautems (Corytholoma micans Fritsch), Sinningia schiffneri Fritsch, S. striata (Fritsch) Chautems (Corytholoma striata Fritsch), and S. tubiflora (Hook.) Fritsch. The last is particularly remarkable as it seems to be the only example of a (probably) moth-pollinated species in the Gesneriaceae. Smithiantha — Two new combinations, of which S. multiflora (Martens & Galeotti) Fritsch is in cultivation. It is a magnificent species with white flowers. Streptocarpus — This is another of the few taxonomic contributions to pale- otropical Gesneriaceae (South African in this case). One species, S. pentherianus, was described by Fritsch. Vanhouttea — To this close ally of Sinningia, Fritsch contributed two new species, one new combination and two varieties. The varieties have disappeared, and the others stand as V. mollis Fritsch, V. lanata Fritsch, and V. gardneri (Hook.) Fritsch. The two latter are in cultivation, both pretty plants with red, apparently hum- mingbird-pollinated flowers.

Gesneriaceae genera commemorating Fritsch — Two genera of Gesneriaceae have been named in honour of Karl Fritsch: Fritschiantha Kuntze and Carolofritschia Engl. Unfortunately, both names are no longer in use. The first, Fritschiantha, was established by O. Kuntze who is well known to botanists as the author of the voluminous "Revisio genera plan- tarum" (1891-1898) in which about 10,000 species were treated. The name Fritschiantha (instead of Fritschia) had to be chosen, as there existed already a genus Fritschia. This was described in 1843 by Walpers and has nothing to do with the person of Karl Fritsch. The genus Carolofritschia was described in 1899 by A. Engler, profes- sor of botany at Berlin and main editor of "Die Natürliche Pflanzenfamilien". This was apparently in gratitude and appreciation of Fritsch's Gesneriaceae- monograph. Its only species is C. diandra, known from tropical West Africa. Carolofritschia was recently reduced to Acanthonema by Burtt (1982), and the species name reads now Acanthonema diandra (Engl.) B.L.Burtt. The plant is most remarkable as it recalls strongly a unifoliate Streptocarpus. It is distinguished, however, from Streptocarpus by flattened, toothed filaments, a unilateral nectary, and a short, ovoid, and straight (not twisted) fruit. Nonetheless, the plant may well be related to unifoliate Streptocarpi, with the straight fruits being a secondary acquisition (reversal).

Gesneriaceae species named after Fritsch — There are around a dozen species in the families Alliaceae, Asteraceae, Campanulaceae, Chrysobalanaceae, Cyperaceae, Fabaceae, Gesneriaceae, Iridaceae and Rosaceae which have been named in honour of Karl Fritsch and bear the spe- cific epithet "fritschii" or "fritschianus". With regard to Gesneriaceae, this applies to two species: Nematanthus fritschii and Columnea (Pentadenia) fritschii.

50 The Gloxinian Nematanthus fritschii Hoehne is a spectacular epiphytic plant from the São Paulo area in Brazil. It has leaves with a large dark red blotch on the underside of the leaves and pink or salmon flowers drooping on long stalks. The corolla is tubular with a marked pouch near the mouth. The flowers are presented in an upside-down (resupinate) position and are apparently polli- nated by hummingbirds. Once it was cultivated at the Bailey Hortorium and has been re-introduced into cultivation by Alain Chautems in Geneva. Often cultivated is a hybrid between N. fritschii and N. longipes known as Nematanthus 'Stoplight'. The second gesneriad named after Fritsch is less known. It has been placed in several genera in the course of time: Fluckigeria, Kohlerianthus, Columnea and Pentadenia. Fluckigeria (where the species was originally described) and Kohlerianthus are now obsolete, but both Columnea and Pentadenia are presently used for the placement of the species. If one prefers to use Columnea in its traditional wide sense (as done by the majority of botanists), the name reads Columnea fritschii (Rusby) J.F.Smith; but if Wiehler's (1983) split of Columnea into several genera is followed, it reads Pentadenia fritschii (Rusby) Wiehler.

Other work on Gesneriaceae in Fritsch's time carried out by students or by independent contemporaries of Fritsch, will be surveyed in the next issue of THE GLOXINIAN.

References: With the exception of the references given below, all papers cited in the text, as well as all Gesneriaceae publications of Karl Fritsch, can be found in the internet-presentation Skog, L.E. & J.K. Boggan. 2002: Annotated bibliography of the Gesneriaceae . Barnhart, J.H., 1965: [Karl Fritsch] In: Biographical notes on botanists. Vol. 2: 12. Boston: Hall & Co. Fischer, M. (ed.), Adler, W., Oswald, K., & R. Fischer, 1994: Exkusionsflora von Österreich. Stuttgart & Wien: Ulmer. Fritsch, K., 1922: Exkursionsflora für Österreich und die ehemals österreichischen Nachbargebiete". 3rd ed. Wien & Leipzig. Reimp. 1973, Lehre: Cramer. Knoll, F., 1934: Karl Fritsch. - Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. 51: (157) - (184) (with list of publica- tions). Kubart, B., 1935: Karl Fritsch. - Mitt. Naturwiss. Ver. Steiermark 71: 5-15 (with portrait). Stafleu, F.A. & S. Cowan, 1976: Karl Fritsch. In: Taxonomic literature. A selective guide to botanical publications and collections with dates, commentaries and types. Vol. 1: 892- 893. Teppner, H., 1997, Zur Geschichte der Systematischen Botanik an der Universität Graz. - Mitt. Geol. Paläont. Landesmus. Joanneum (Graz) 55: 133 - 136.

Gesneriads • Begonias • Rare Flowering Plants & Vines KARTUZ GREENHOUSES 1408 SUNSET DRIVE, Dept. G VISTA, CA 92083-6531 760-941-3613 http://www.kartuz.com Ask for catalog

First Quarter 2004 51 Sinningia striata (Fritsch) Chautems (photo by Alain Chautems)

Gloxinia lindeniana (L.) Fritsch Gasteranthus corallinus (photo by Michael Riley) (Fritsch) Wiehler (photo from the Hans Wiehler collection)

52 The Gloxinian Achimenes glabrata (Zucc.) Fritsch Kohleria villosa Fritsch var. villosa (photo from the Wiehler collection) (photo by John L. Clark)

Gesneria cuneifoloia (DC.) Fritsch (photo by M. Stone)

These photos represent only a few of the more than 60 gesneriad species names that still bear Fritsch as the authority or parenthetical authority

First Quarter 2004 53 CHAPTER PRESIDENTS Arizona Southern Arizona Gesneriad Society — Joan Dixon, 2950 N. Camino del Oeste, Tucson, AZ 85745 Arkansas Northwest Arkansas Gloxinia & Gesneriad Society — David Harris, 1372 S. Kentwood Ave., Springfield, MO 65804-0220 California American Gesneriad Society of San Francisco — Terri Lynn Campbell, 4001 Barrett Ave., Richmond, CA 94805 Culver City — Charlotte Rosengrant, 2705 Krim Dr., Los Angeles, CA 90094 Delta Gesneriad & African Violet Society — Leona Faoro, 7361 22nd St., Sacramento, CA 95822-4911 Grow and Study — Al Striepens, 2225 Deepgrove Ave., Rowland Heights, CA 91748-4208 Peninsula — Brigitte McKnight, 1109 Stafford Drive, Cupertino, CA 95014 Colorado Gloxinia Gesneriad Growers — Harry Weber, 3003 Spring Mountain Dr., Loveland, CO 80537 Connecticut Connecticut — Margaret Fargeot, 235 Alps Road, Branford, CT 06405 Delaware Delaware — Carol Callaghan, 2806 Rickdale Road, Wilmington, DE 19810 Florida Caribbean Basin — Timothy Anderson, 9995 SW 66th Street, Miami, FL 33173-1446 Suncoast — Melissa McDowell, 1502 Eastbrook Dr., Sarasota, FL 34231 Tampa Bay — JoAnne Martinez, 809 Taray de Avila, Tampa, FL 33613 Georgia Atlanta Gesneriad Interest Group — William Crews, 5862 Musket Lane, Stone Mountain, GA 30087-1707 Illinois Northern Illinois — Bob Nicholson, PMB #282, 119 S. Emerson St., Mount Prospect, IL 60056-3219 Kansas/Missouri Heart of America — Linda Golubski, 1416 NW A St., Blue Springs, MO 64015 Massachusetts New England — Bob Clark, 118 Byron Ave., Lawrence, MA 01841 Michigan Southeastern Michigan — Richard Holzman, 3836 Jennings, Troy, MI 48083 Minnesota Twin Cities Area — Esther Oleisky, 1997 Field Ave., St. Paul, MN 55116 Missouri Gateway West — Gary Dunlap, 4189 Jarvis Road, Hillsboro, MO 63050 New Jersey Frelinghuysen Arboretum — Judy Padalino, 76 Downs Ave., Wharton, NJ 07885 New Jersey — Anita Flaim, 78 Holt St., Dumont, NJ 07628 New York The African Violet and Gesneriad Society of Western New York - Judy Niemira, 12 Dappled Dr., East Amhurst, NY 14051 Gesneriad-Dicts of Western New York — Fran Valerio, 2643 Cambrier Rd., Newark, NY 14513 Greater New York — Brigitte Lifschitz, 222 West 83rd St., Apt. 7C, New York, NY 10024-4909 Long Island — Phyllis Channing, 2179 Walsall St., Seaford, NY 11783-2522 Vestal African Violet & Gesneriad Society — Lee Stradley, 1923 Cole Pl., Vestal, NY 13850-5718 Oregon Mt. Hood — Vivian Scheans, 4660 SW Dogwood Drive, Lake Oswego, OR 97035-8412 Pennsylvania Liberty Bell — Peggy DePhillippo, 1074 Grange Ave., Collegeville, PA 19426 Pittsburgh African Violet & Gesneriad Society — Georgene Albrecht, 101 Oak Heights Dr., Oakdale, PA 15071 Tennessee Tennessee — Jonathan Ertelt, 2536 Blair Blvd., Nashville, TN 37212 Washington Puget Sound — Andrea Pirone, 6325 Wood Bay Lane NE, Poulsbo, WA 98370 Washington, D.C. National Capital — Laurene Jones, 3430 Luttrell Rd., Annandale, VA 22003-1269 Canada Carefree — Florence Duesterbeck, 2235 Montreal Street, Regina, Saskatchewan S4P 1L7, Canada Edmonton — Jack Hurt, 7809 Saskatchewan Dr., Edmonton, AB T6G 2L3, Canada Toronto — Robert Hall, 90 Sumach Street, #609, Toronto, Ont. M5A 4R4, Canada Vancouver AV & Gesneriad Society — Arleen Dewell, #311-2366 Wall St., Vancouver, BC, V5L 4Y1 Canada Sweden Gesneriasts of Sweden — Ingrid Lindskog, Snickargatan 11, 903 60 UMEÅ, Sweden Go to www.aggs.org for chapter email contacts.

Members of the Heart of America Chapter together for their 25th Anniversary celebration

54 The Gloxinian Contributions and Insurance The American Gloxinia and Gesneriad Society, Inc. is a tax-exempt organization with an IRS Section 50l(c)(3) tax status for donations. Contact the AGGS Treasurer at or send your donations to: Helen Bortvedt, 20 Beeson Road, P.O. Box 2584, Sequim, WA 98382-8870

Membership and Changes of Address AGGS Membership Secretary, Bob Clark, 118 Byron Avenue, Lawrence, MA 01841-4444 Changes of Address — Send changes of address to the Membership Secretary 90 days prior to moving to avoid missing an issue. THE GLOXINIAN is not responsible for replacing issues missed because of late notification of address changes. Back issues may be ordered from AGGS Publications. Renewals — Send dues to the Membership Secretary. A Renewal Notice is sent two months prior to the expiration date of your membership. (The expiration date is printed on your mail- ing label/membership card on the back cover of THE GLOXINIAN.) Please remit your dues prior to the expiration date to avoid missing an issue as we are not responsible for replacing issues missed because of late payment of dues. Back issues may be ordered from AGGS Publications.

Application for Membership — American Gloxinia and Gesneriad Society WELCOME Ð membership in our international society includes quarterly issues of THE GLOXINIAN Ð The Journal for Gesneriad Growers, a copy of How to Know and Grow Gesneriads, a packet of gesneriad seeds and a wealth of information about our AGGS Chapters, Flower Shows, Publications, Research, Slide Programs and Seed Fund. Membership begins upon receipt of dues. □ New Member Date ______

□ Renewal AGGS Membership # ______

Name ______FAMILY NAME GIVEN NAME MIDDLE INITIAL

Address ______STREET

______CITY STATE ZIP CODE COUNTRY

Email ______Telephone ______

Mailing in US Mailing in US Mailing outside US Mailing outside US (Rates in US$) 1 year 3 years 1 year 3 years □ Individual $25 $70 $30 $85 □ Family $26 $73 $31 $88

□ Sustaining (minimum) $35 $105 $40 $120

□ Research (minimum) $50 $150 $55 $165 □ Life Mailing in US $375 Mailing outside US $450 THE GLOXINIAN is mailed first-class to members outside the US and bulk-rate within the US. I wish to make an additional tax-deductible contribution of $ ______□ Frances Batcheller Endowment Fund □ Elvin McDonald Research Endowment Fund □ Color Fund for THE GLOXINIAN □ In Honor or □ Memory of: ______Please make checks or money orders payable, in US$ on a US bank to: AGGS Or, charge my □ VISA, or □ MasterCard the total amount of $______Card# ______Exp Date ______Signature ______

Mail to: AGGS Membership Secretary, Bob Clark, For application online: 118 Byron Ave., Lawrence, MA 01841-4444 www.aggs.org

First Quarter 2004 55 the NONPROFIT ORG. GLOXINIAN U.S. POSTAGE PAID 118 Byron Avenue PERMIT NO. 252 Lawrence, MA 01841-4444 PROV. RI

Return Service Requested American Gloxinia and Gesneriad Society MEMBERSHIP CARD

Gloxinia perennis illustrated in 1807 in Curtis' Botanical Magazine as Gloxinia maculata