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Typification and Synonymy of the Atlantic Forest Endemic Species Napeanthus Citation: Da Costa-Lima J.L., De Oliveira Chagas E.C

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Typification and Synonymy of the Atlantic Forest Endemic Species Napeanthus Citation: Da Costa-Lima J.L., De Oliveira Chagas E.C Journal of Plant Firenze University Press Taxonomy www.fupress.com/webbia WEBBIA and Geography Typification and synonymy of the Atlantic Forest endemic species Napeanthus Citation: da Costa-Lima J.L., de Oliveira Chagas E.C. (2021) Typification primulifolius (Gesneriaceae) and synonymy of the Atlantic Forest endemic species Napeanthus primuli- folius (Gesneriaceae). Webbia. Journal of Plant Taxonomy and Geography 76(1): James Lucas da Costa-Lima*, Earl Celestino de Oliveira Chagas 89-95. doi: 10.36253/jopt-10377 Herbário HUEFS, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil Received: January 25, 2021 *Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] Accepted: February 13, 2021 Abstract. During the nomenclatural revision of Acanthaceae names described by Friar Published: April 27, 2021 J.M.C. Vellozo in his Florae fluminensis, we realized that Pedicularis acaulis Vell. was conspecific with Napeanthus primulifolius (Gesneriaceae), a Brazilian Atlantic For- Copyright: © 2021 da Costa-Lima J.L., de Oliveira Chagas E.C. This is an open est endemic species. This study presents the complete and updated synonymy of N. access, peer-reviewed article published primulifolius, including two new synonyms: Pedicularis acaulis and Oreocharis notha by Firenze University Press (http:// C.B.Clarke. We also propose a lectotype for N. primulifolius based on G.Raddi’s speci- www.fupress.com/webbia) and distrib- mens and P. acaulis based on Vellozo’s original plate. uted under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which Keywords: Florae fluminensis, Giuseppe Raddi, historical plant collections, Vellozo. permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, pro- vided the original author and source are credited. Data Availability Statement: All rel- INTRODUCTION evant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information files. Napeanthus Gardner is a Neotropical genus of Gesneriaceae comprising 20 species (and possibly another ten undescribed ones) occurring in tropi- Competing Interests: The Author(s) declare(s) no conflict of interest. cal rainforests of Central and South America (Leeuwenberg 1958; Weber 2004; Wiehler 1983). The genus shows a conspicuous number of species con- Editor: Riccardo M. Baldini fined to the Andean foothills (Bolivia, Colombia, Peru, and Venezuela) and ORCID the Guiana Shield (Suriname, Guyana, French Guiana, and northern Brazil), JLC-L: https://orcid.org/0000-0002- besides two disjunct species in the Atlantic Forest of eastern Brazil (based 2967-5322 on Leeuwenberg 1958; 1971; Skog 1974; Feuillet and Skog 2002). Napeanthus ECOC: https://orcid.org/0000-0001- had already been previously pointed out by Leeuwenberg (1958) as a unique 8138-5691 genus among New World Gesneriaceae, later allocated by Wiehler (1983) in its own tribe, Napeantheae Wiehler. Recently molecular phylogenetic stud- ies support this monogeneric tribe as the first diverging lineage in the sub- family Gesnerioideae Burnett, recovered as sister to clade consisting of tribes Beslerieae Bartling & Wendl.f. + Titanotricheae Yamaz. ex W.T.Wang (Smith 2000; Möller and Clark 2013; Luna et al. 2019; Ogutcen et al. 2021). Species of Napeanthus are distinguished from other New World Gesneriaceae by being rosette herbs, generally acaulescent, with grouped stomata (in islands), calyx generally accrescent in fruit, stamens typically 4 (plus a staminodium), nectary absent, and dry capsules with loculicidal or septicidal dehiscence (Leeuwenberg 1958; Wiehler 1983; Weber 2004). Webbia. Journal of Plant Taxonomy and Geography 76(1): 89-95, 2021 ISSN 0083-7792 (print) | ISSN 2169-4060 (online) | DOI: 10.36253/jopt-10377 90 James Lucas da Costa-Lima, Earl Celestino de Oliveira Chagas Napeanthus was described by Gardner (1843) to (≡) Acetosella primulifolia (Raddi) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. accommodate a peculiar species from the Atlantic For- Pl. 1: 93. 1891 est of Serra dos Órgãos, in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, named N. brasiliensis Gardner. Nonetheless, an (=) Pedicularis acaulis Vell., Fl. Flumin.: 270. 1829 [1825, obscure species described in Oxalidaceae ca. 20 years publ. 7 Sep–28 Nov 1829]; Fl. Flumin. Icon. 6: t. 107. before Napeanthus by Raddi (1820), Oxalis primulifolia 1831 [1827, publ. 29 Oct 1831], nom. illeg. non Pedicularis Raddi [as “primulaefolia”], was pointed out by Sand- acaulis Scop. (1771), syn. nov. with (1956) as conspecific with N. brasiliensis, being the accepted and correct name for this species. Alongside N. Type: Brazil, [Rio de Janeiro], [Mun. Paraty], “[…] silvis reitzii (L.B.Sm.) Burtt ex Leeuwenb., they are the only maritimis Pharmacopolitanis,” [1782–1790], [preserved known species of Napeanthus distributed in the Brazil- specimen presumably not extant] (lectotype [icon] origi- ian Atlantic Forest (Leeuwenberg 1958; Chautems 1991; nal parchment plate of Florae fluminensis in the Manu- Chautems 2003; Hinoshita et al. 2018). script Section of the Biblioteca Nacional, digital object During the preparation of the nomenclatural revi- cat. No. mss1198655_111; later published in Vellozo, Fl. sion of Acanthaceae names described by Vellozo (1829, Flumin. Icon. 6: tab. 107, 1831). Fig. 2B. 1831) in his “Florae fluminensis,” we detected that one of the names under Pedicularis L. (genus in which Vel- (=) Napeanthus brasiliensis Gardner, London J. Bot. 2: lozo described some Acanthaceae, following the Lin- 14. 1843 nean arrangement “Didynamia, Angiospermia”) did not match any taxa of this family known to Brazil. This Type: [Brazil] Brasiliæ, [Rio de Janeiro] Provinciæ Rio intriguing species (i.e., Pedicularis acaulis Vell.) repre- de Janeiro, “in sylvis densis primævis in montibus vulgo sented a species of Napeanthus (i.e., N. primulifolius, Serra dos Organos,” February 1838, G. Gardner 581 (lec- Gesneriaceae) based on the habit, leaves arrangement, totype designated by Leeuwenberg (1958, p. 348) as “hol- leaf-blade morphology, indumentum color in the young otype” K barcode K000601592 ex herb. Hook.!; isolecto- leaves and other vegetative structures, and inflorescence types BM barcode BM000992330 ex herb. Gardner!, BM and calyx morphology described and depicted by Vel- barcode BM000992331 ex herb. Gardner!, CGE [cited by lozo (1829, 1831). In this study, we discuss the similari- Leeuwenberg (1958)], E barcode E00155094!, FI barcode ties between both names and justify the inclusion of P. FI009832 ex herb. Webbianum!, G barcode G00365564!, acaulis as a synonym of de N. primulifolius. Addition- G barcode G00365565 ex herb. Moric.! = F negative No. ally, when investigating the identity of N. primulifolius, 26253!, K barcode K000601593 ex herb. Benth.! [anno- we also found another synonym (i.e., Oreocharis notha tated by Leeuwenberg (1958) as “isotype”], NY barcode C.B.Clarke) for this name, with the type specimen erro- NY00312996 ex herb. Meisner, comm. Schuttlenworth!, neously cited as being from the Philippines. NY barcode NY00312997 ex herb. British Museum!, P barcode P00606336 ex herb. E. Drake!, W [cited by Leeuwenberg (1958)]). TAXONOMIC TREATMENT (=) Oreocharis notha C.B.Clarke, Monogr. Phan. 5: 64. Napeanthus primulifolius (Raddi) Sandwith, Webbia 1883, syn. nov. 12(1): 332. 1956 Type: Brazil, [probably Rio de Janeiro] Manille? [on the Type: Brazil, [Rio de Janeiro]: [Mun. Magé], “[...] nei original label, referring to Manila, Philippines], S.loc. Boschi di Mandiocca vicino ai torrenti” [woods of indicato, s.d., [probably A. Saint-Hilaire s.n.] (holotype Fazenda Mandiocca, close to streams], [1817–1818], G. P barcode P04060096 ex herb. Bory! = E photo barcode Raddi s.n. (lectotype, first-step designated by Leeuwen- E00155095!). berg (1958, p. 347) as “holotype” and “isotype,” second- step designated here PI barcode PI006250! = K negative Description No. 2697; isolectotypes: FI barcode FI005344!, FI bar- code FI005345!, PI barcode PI006251! = K negative No. Terrestrial perennial herbs, 10−25 cm high. Stems 2696). Figures. 1, 2A. short, 3−15 mm long, cylindrical, glabrous, rhizomatous. Leaves rosulate, grouped at the apex of the stem; leaf (≡) Oxalis primulifolia Raddi [as “primulaefolia”], Mem. blade sessile, 5.0−23.0 × 1.5−6.5 cm, oblong-spathulate or Mat. Fis. Soc. Ital. Sci. Modena, Pt. Mem. Fis. 18: 400. oblanceolate, apex acute, base subcordate, margin slight- 1820 ly crenate-serrate, sinuate, glabrous adaxially, sparsely Typification and synonymy of Napeanthus primulifolius 91 Figure 1. Napeanthus primulifolius (Raddi) Sandwith. A. Habit. B. Inflorescence detail. C. Flower at full anthesis. D. Older flower. E. Flower, lateral view showing the calyx lobes. Photographs taken by Nicco L. Faria. pilose abaxially, trichomes concentrated on the veins, fresh, membranaceous when dry. Corolla early caducous, crass (papyraceous when dry); enervation with 6−9 pairs tubular, 10.0−15.0 × 5.0−6.0 mm, glabrous on both sur- of secondary veins. Inflorescences simple, 4(−6)-flow- faces; tube 6.0−8.0 mm long, whitish; limb zygomorphic, ered, or compound, with at least one of the lateral flowers spreading, lobes 5, 5.0−7.0 × 4.0−6.0 mm, unequal, obo- replaced by a new peduncle; peduncles (or peduncles seg- vate, apex 2-lobate, margin slightly crenate-serrate, sinu- ments on compound inflorescences) 0.4−1.4 cm long, gla- ate, bluish or pale lilac, whitish at age. Stamens 4, includ- brescent; bracts 2, 3.0−12.0 × 1.0−4.0 mm, linear, oblong ed, didynamous; filaments 3.0−3.5 mm long, glabrous; or lanceolate, apex acute or acuminate, puberulous on anthers oblong-reniform, ca. 0.75 mm
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