(FM) 1-0, Human Resources Support, Provides the Fundamentals, Principles, and Concepts of Army Human Resources (HR) Support Doctrine

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

(FM) 1-0, Human Resources Support, Provides the Fundamentals, Principles, and Concepts of Army Human Resources (HR) Support Doctrine FM 1-0 HUMAN RESOURCES SUPPORT AUGUST 2021 DISTRIBUTION RESTRICTION: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. This publication supersedes FM 1-0, dated 1 April 2014. HEADQUARTERS, DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY This publication is available at the Army Publishing Directorate site (https://armypubs.army.mil), and the Central Army Registry site (https://atiam.train.army.mil/catalog/dashboard). FM 1-0 Field Manual Headquarters No. 1-0 Department of the Army Washington, D.C., 25 August 2021 Human Resources Support Contents Page PREFACE..................................................................................................................... v INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................ vii Chapter 1 HUMAN RESOURCES (HR) SUPPORT .................................................................. 1-1 Section I – Overview of HR Support ...................................................................... 1-1 Principles of HR Support ........................................................................................... 1-2 Focus of HR Support ................................................................................................. 1-4 Core Competencies and Key Functions of HR Support ............................................ 1-4 Core Competencies Overview ................................................................................... 1-5 Section II – Overview of HR Support to Operations ............................................ 1-9 Threats to HR Support ............................................................................................. 1-10 Extended Battlefield Environment ........................................................................... 1-11 Section III – Army Command and Support Relationships ................................. 1-11 HR and the Sustainment Warfighting Function ....................................................... 1-12 HR Roles ................................................................................................................. 1-13 Section IV – Overview of HR Support to Unified Land Operations .................. 1-15 Operational Reach, Freedom of Action, Prolonged Endurance .............................. 1-15 Army Executive Agent Responsibilities ................................................................... 1-17 Section V – Overview of HR Planning and Operations ...................................... 1-17 HR Planning and Operations ................................................................................... 1-17 Running Estimate .................................................................................................... 1-18 HR Planning Using the Military Decision-Making Process ...................................... 1-18 HR Input to Operation Orders.................................................................................. 1-19 Casualty Input to Operation Orders ......................................................................... 1-22 Postal Input to Operation Orders ............................................................................. 1-23 Chapter 2 HUMAN RESOURCES ECHELONS, ORGANIZATIONS, AND STAFF ELEMENTS ............................................................................................................... 2-1 Section I – Overview of Strategic Level HR Support ........................................... 2-1 The Army G-1 ............................................................................................................ 2-1 Human Resources Command ................................................................................... 2-1 Section II – Overview of Operational and Tactical Level HR Support ................ 2-2 Rules of Allocation for HR Organizations .................................................................. 2-2 United States Army Forces Command G-1/AG......................................................... 2-3 United States Army Training and Doctrine Command G-1/AG ................................. 2-3 Army Futures Command Human Capital .................................................................. 2-3 DISTRIBUTION RESTRICTION: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. This publication supersedes FM 1-0, dated 1 April 2014. FM 1-0 i Contents United States Army Materiel Command G-1 ............................................................ 2-4 Army Service Component Command G-1/AG .......................................................... 2-4 Field Army G-1/AG .................................................................................................... 2-5 Corps G-1/AG and Division G-1 ................................................................................ 2-5 Human Resources Operations Center ...................................................................... 2-7 Brigade S-1 ............................................................................................................... 2-8 Battalion S-1 .............................................................................................................. 2-9 The Role of the Adjutant ........................................................................................... 2-9 Army Bands ............................................................................................................... 2-9 Theater Personnel Operations Center .................................................................... 2-10 Human Resources Operations Branch ................................................................... 2-11 Theater Gateway Personnel Accountability Team .................................................. 2-12 Military Mail Terminal .............................................................................................. 2-13 Division Sustainment Troops Battalion Support Operations ................................... 2-13 HR Company ........................................................................................................... 2-14 Chapter 3 MAN THE FORCE .................................................................................................... 3-1 Section I – Personnel Readiness Management ................................................... 3-1 Personnel Readiness Management Responsibilities ................................................ 3-2 Personnel Distribution Levels ................................................................................... 3-4 Casualty Estimation and Replacement Requirements ............................................. 3-6 Achieving Realistic Casualty Estimates .................................................................... 3-6 Reconstitution ........................................................................................................... 3-7 Sustainable Readiness Overview ............................................................................. 3-8 Soldier and Unit Readiness ...................................................................................... 3-9 Management of Derivative Unit Identification Codes .............................................. 3-12 Section II – Personnel Accounting and Strength Reporting ............................ 3-13 Key Terminology ..................................................................................................... 3-15 Personnel Accounting and Strength Reporting Responsibilities ............................ 3-16 Battlefield Flow ........................................................................................................ 3-19 Section III – HR Support to Replacement Operations ....................................... 3-19 Overview of HR Support to Replacement Operations ............................................ 3-20 Replacement Flow by Echelon for Non-Unit Related Personnel ............................ 3-21 Section IV – HR Support to Casualty Operations .............................................. 3-24 Organization Responsibilities .................................................................................. 3-25 Battlefield Flow ........................................................................................................ 3-29 Section V – Personnel Information Management .............................................. 3-31 Organization Responsibilities .................................................................................. 3-32 HR Systems Support............................................................................................... 3-33 Chapter 4 PROVIDE HUMAN RESOURCES SERVICES ........................................................ 4-1 Section I – Essential Personnel Services ............................................................. 4-1 HR Customer Service ............................................................................................... 4-3 Awards and Decorations ........................................................................................... 4-3 Evaluation Reports .................................................................................................... 4-4 Promotions and Reductions ...................................................................................... 4-5 Transfer and Discharge Program .............................................................................. 4-6 Leave and Pass Program ......................................................................................... 4-6 Military Pay ...............................................................................................................
Recommended publications
  • Combat Squad Leader's Course Billet Description
    c:\mydocu~1\billetd.lwp 5 May 98 Combat Squad Leader’s Course Billet Description: Infantry Squad Leader A Draft Proposal for inclusion in MCO 1510.35C MCWL 5 May 1998 c:\mydocu~1\billetd.lwp 5 May 98 UNITED STATES MARINE CORPS Marine Corps Warfighting Lab Marine Corps Combat Development Command Quantico, Virginia 22134 5 May 1998 From: Capt Brendan B. McBreen To: Director, MCWL Subj: PROPOSED CHANGE TO MCO 1510.35C: INFANTRY SQUAD LEADER BILLET DESCRIPTION 1. The MOS Manual, MCO P1200.7P (5 Apr 95), contains no duty descriptions for infantrymen. The manual states “For a complete listing of duties and tasks, refer to MCO 1510.35C.” 2. MCO 1510.35C, The Individual Training Standards for Occupational Field 03, contains no duty descriptions either. It merely lists training tasks required for each rank. There is no prioritization. There are no stated minimum requirements. 3. FMFM 6-5 Marine Rifle Squad does not contain a comprehensive description of the duties of the rifle squad leader. 4. This document attempts to fill this gap. The following draft squad leader billet description is proposed for inclusion into MCO 1510.35C. 5. A billet description serves the following purposes: a. Defines the requirements for promotion. A Marine should be competent in his current billet before being considered for promotion. b. Defines the school curriculum. A squad leader course teaches those skills required by the squad leader billet description. Both units and schools refer to a common reference, which resolves differences of opinion. c. Guides training and evaluation. Marines can train and prepare for their next billet.
    [Show full text]
  • Fm 6-02 Signal Support to Operations
    FM 6-02 SIGNAL SUPPORT TO OPERATIONS SEPTEMBER 2019 DISTRIBUTION RESTRICTION: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. This publication supersedes FM 6-02, dated 22 January 2014. HEADQUARTERS, DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY This publication is available at the Army Publishing Directorate site (https://armypubs.army.mil/) and the Central Army Registry site (https://atiam.train.army.mil/catalog/dashboard). *FM 6-02 Field Manual Headquarters No. 6-02 Department of the Army Washington, D.C., 13 September 2019 Signal Support to Operations Contents Page PREFACE..................................................................................................................... v INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................ vii Chapter 1 OVERVIEW OF SIGNAL SUPPORT ........................................................................ 1-1 Section I – The Operational Environment ............................................................. 1-1 Challenges for Army Signal Support ......................................................................... 1-1 Operational Environment Overview ........................................................................... 1-1 Information Environment ........................................................................................... 1-2 Trends ........................................................................................................................ 1-3 Threat Effects on Signal Support .............................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Bridging the Gap from Coordination to Integration RUBEL
    BRIDGING THE GAP FROM COORDINATION (Briana Jones) U.S. Air Force TO INTEGRATION By CURTIS V. NEAL, ROBERT B. GREEN, and TROY CARAWAY Legacy AC2 [airspace command and control] elements buy airspace today for tomorrow’s war. Airspace control measures (ACM) such as Restricted Operating Zones . do not inte- grate airspace users . ACMs deconflict users via exclusive volumes of airspace. Because airspace is a finite resource, as the number of airspace users increases, AC2 elements run out of airspace. To effectively put more users in a given volume of airspace, AC2 elements must provide real time separation from other users and fires. Real time control of a volume of airspace, whether positive or procedural, requires communication with all users, a common reference system, and authority to direct/control the users without affecting their flexibility and freedom of maneuver.1 Colonel Curtis V. Neal, USAF (Ret.), is a Theater Air Ground System Senior Advisor in the Joint Integration Division (JID) of Air Combat Command. Colonel Robert B. Green, USA (Ret.), is a Joint Special Operations Forces Senior Advisor in JID. Lieutenant Colonel Troy Caraway, USMC (Ret.), is a Marine Air Ground Task Force and Naval Senior Advisor in JID. Airmen participate in Tactical Air Control Party training mission ndupress.ndu.edu issue 67, 4 th quarter 2012 / JFQ 97 FEATURES | Bridging the Gap from Coordination to Integration RUBEL n the past, when faced with a large of a joint campaign, executing operational- ments integrate organizationally and procedur- number of competing airspace users level actions to achieve strategic effects.2 ally to conduct operations in a more efficient, and limited command and control To maintain responsiveness and flex- linked, and situationally aware manner.
    [Show full text]
  • US Army Hawaii Addresses Command/Division Brigade Battalion Address 18 MEDCOM 160 Loop Road, Ft
    US Army Hawaii Addresses Command/Division Brigade Battalion Address 18 MEDCOM 160 Loop Road, Ft. Shafter, HI 96858 25 ID 25th Infantry Division Headquarters 2091 Kolekole Ave, Building 3004, Schofield Barracks, HI 96857 25 ID (HQ) HHBN, 25th Infantry Division 25 ID Division Artillery (DIVARTY) HQ 25 ID DIVARTY HHB, 25th Field Artillery 1078 Waianae Avenue, Schofield Barracks, HI 96857 25 ID DIVARTY 2-11 FAR 25 ID DIVARTY 3-7 FA 25 ID 2nd Brigade Combat Team HQ 1578 Foote Ave, Building 500, Schofield Barracks, HI 96857 25 ID 2 BCT 1-14 IN BN 25 ID 2 BCT 1-21 IN BN 25 ID 2 BCT 1-27 IN BN 25 ID 2 BCT 2-14 CAV 25 ID 2 BCT 225 BSB 25 ID 2 BCT 65 BEB 25 ID 2 BCT HHC, 2 SBCT 25 ID 25th Combat Aviation Brigade HQ 1343 Wright Avenue, Building 100, WAAF, HI 96854 25 ID 25th CAB 209th Support Battalion 25 ID 25th CAB 2nd Battalion, 25th Aviation 25 ID 25th CAB 2ndRegiment Squadron, 6th Cavalry 25 ID 25th CAB 3-25Regiment General Support Aviation 25 ID 3rd Brigade Combat Team HQ Battalion 1640 Waianae Ave, Building 649, Schofield Barracks, HI 96857 25 ID 3 BCT 2-27 INF 25 ID 3 BCT 2-35 INF BN 25 ID 3 BCT 29th BEB 25 ID 3 BCT 325 BSB 25 ID 3 BCT 325 BSTB 25 ID 3 BCT 3-4 CAV 25 ID 3 BCT HHC, 3 BCT 25 ID 25th Sustainment Brigade HQ 181 Sutton Street, Schofield Barracks, HI 96857 25 ID 25th SUST BDE 524 CSSB 25 ID 25th SUST BDE 25th STB 311 SC 311th Signal Command HQ Wisser Rd, Bldg 520, Ft.
    [Show full text]
  • MILITARY INTELLIGENCE PB 34-04-4 Volume 30 Number 4 October-December 2004 STAFF: FEATURES Commanding General Major General Barbara G
    MILITARY INTELLIGENCE PB 34-04-4 Volume 30 Number 4 October-December 2004 STAFF: FEATURES Commanding General Major General Barbara G. Fast 8 Tactical Intelligence Shortcomings in Iraq: Restructuring Deputy Commanding General Battalion Intelligence to Win Brigadier General Brian A. Keller by Major Bill Benson and Captain Sean Nowlan Deputy Commandant for Futures Jerry V. Proctor Director of Training Development 16 Measuring Anti-U.S. Sentiment and Conducting Media and Support Analysis in The Republic of Korea (ROK) Colonel Eileen M. Ahearn by Major Daniel S. Burgess Deputy Director/Dean of Training Development and Support 24 Army’s MI School Faces TRADOC Accreditation Russell W. Watson, Ph.D. by John J. Craig Chief, Doctrine Division Stephen B. Leeder 25 USAIC&FH Observations, Insights, and Lessons Learned Managing Editor (OIL) Process Sterilla A. Smith by Dee K. Barnett, Command Sergeant Major (Retired) Editor Elizabeth A. McGovern 27 Brigade Combat Team (BCT) Intelligence Operations Design Director SSG Sharon K. Nieto by Michael A. Brake Associate Design Director and Administration 29 North Korean Special Operations Forces: 1996 Kangnung Specialist Angiene L. Myers Submarine Infiltration Cover Photographs: by Major Harry P. Dies, Jr. Courtesy of the U.S. Army Cover Design: 35 Deconstructing The Theory of 4th Generation Warfare Specialist Angiene L. Myers by Del Stewart, Chief Warrant Officer Three (Retired) Purpose: The U.S. Army Intelli- gence Center and Fort Huachuca (USAIC&FH) publishes the Military DEPARTMENTS Intelligence Professional Bulle- tin quarterly under provisions of AR 2 Always Out Front 58 Language Action 25-30. MIPB disseminates mate- rial designed to enhance individu- 3 CSM Forum 60 Professional Reader als’ knowledge of past, current, and emerging concepts, doctrine, materi- 4 Technical Perspective 62 MIPB 2004 Index al, training, and professional develop- ments in the MI Corps.
    [Show full text]
  • Nazi War Crimes and Japanese Imperial Government Records Interagency Working Group
    HISTORICAL MATERIALS IN THE DWIGHT D. EISENHOWER LIBRARY OF INTEREST TO THE NAZI WAR CRIMES AND JAPANESE IMPERIAL GOVERNMENT RECORDS INTERAGENCY WORKING GROUP The Dwight D. Eisenhower Library holds a large quantity of documentation relating to World War II and to the Cold War era. Information relating to war crimes committed by Nazi Germany and by the Japanese Government during World War II can be found widely scattered within the Library’s holdings. The Nazi War Crimes and Japanese Imperial Government Records Interagency Working Group is mandated to identify, locate and, as necessary, declassify records pertaining to war crimes committed by Nazi Germany and Japan. In order to assist the Interagency Working Group in carrying out this mission, the Library staff endeavored to identify historical documentation within its holdings relating to this topic. The staff conducted its search as broadly and as thoroughly as staff time, resources, and intellectual control allowed and prepared this guide to assist interested members of the public in conducting research on documents relating generally to Nazi and Japanese war crimes. The search covered post- war references to such crimes, the use of individuals who may have been involved in such crimes for intelligence or other purposes, and the handling of captured enemy assets. Therefore, while much of the documentation described herein was originated during the years when the United States was involved in World War II (1939 to 1945) one marginal document originated prior to this period can be found and numerous post-war items are also covered, especially materials concerning United States handling of captured German and Japanese assets and correspondence relating to clemency for Japanese soldiers convicted and imprisoned for war crimes.
    [Show full text]
  • Staff Sergeant Ricky Hart Assistant Marine Officer Instructor NROTC Unit, the Citadel
    Staff Sergeant Ricky Hart Assistant Marine Officer Instructor NROTC Unit, The Citadel Staff Sergeant Hart was born in Beaufort, South Carolina on 9 September, 1987. He enlisted in the Marine Corps in 2005 and attended recruit training with Fox Company, 2nd Recruit Training Battalion, Marine Corps Recruit Depot Parris Island, where he graduated as a meritorious Private First Class. Upon completion of recruit training in February of 2006, Staff Sergeant Hart reported to Marine Combat Training Battalion, Golf Company, and graduated in March of 2006. Staff Sergeant Hart was transferred to NAS Pensacola, where he attended Aviation Warfare Apprentice Training and Avionics Technician Intermediate Level Course, Class A1. While stationed at NAS Pensacola Staff Sergeant Hart was promoted to the rank of Lance Corporal and graduated his MOS at the top of his class. In October 2006, he was sent to his follow on MOS school aboard Keesler Air Force Base, Biloxi Mississippi. It was here Staff Sergeant Hart would learn his primary MOS of Precision Measurement Equipment (PME) Technician by completing General Purpose Electronic Test Equipment Repair and Calibration where he graduated at the top of his class. He also completed Intermediate Level Calibration of Physical/Dimensional and Measuring Systems school. In March of 2007, Staff Sergeant Hart received orders to his first duty station aboard MCAS New River, NC where he served as a Precision Measurement Equipment Technician within the MALS-29 Calibration Laboratory. In 2009 he was meritoriously promoted to the rank of Corporal and continued to serve with MALS-29. In August 2010, Staff Sergeant Hart re-enlisted in the Marine Corps and was transferred to MCAS Cherry Point, NC where he was assigned to MALS-14 and served as the Issue and Receive NCOIC for the Calibration Laboratory.
    [Show full text]
  • The United States Atomic Army, 1956-1960 Dissertation
    INTIMIDATING THE WORLD: THE UNITED STATES ATOMIC ARMY, 1956-1960 DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Paul C. Jussel, B.A., M.M.A.S., M.S.S. * * * * * The Ohio State University 2004 Dissertation Committee Approved by Professor Allan R. Millett, Advisor Professor John R. Guilmartin __________________ Professor William R. Childs Advisor Department of History ABSTRACT The atomic bomb created a new military dynamic for the world in 1945. The bomb, if used properly, could replace the artillery fires and air-delivered bombs used to defeat the concentrated force of an enemy. The weapon provided the U.S. with an unparalleled advantage over the rest of the world, until the Soviet Union developed its own bomb by 1949 and symmetry in warfare returned. Soon, theories of warfare changed to reflect the belief that the best way to avoid the effects of the bomb was through dispersion of forces. Eventually, the American Army reorganized its divisions from the traditional three-unit organization to a new five-unit organization, dubbed pentomic by its Chief of Staff, General Maxwell D. Taylor. While atomic weapons certainly had an effect on Taylor’s reasoning to adopt the pentomic organization, the idea was not new in 1956; the Army hierarchy had been wrestling with restructuring since the end of World War II. Though the Korean War derailed the Army’s plans for the early fifties, it returned to the forefront under the Eisenhower Administration. The driving force behind reorganization in 1952 was not ii only the reoriented and reduced defense budget, but also the Army’s inroads to the atomic club, formerly the domain of only the Air Force and the Navy.
    [Show full text]
  • MAJOR GENERAL RAYMOND F. REES the Adjutant General, Oregon National Guard
    MAJOR GENERAL RAYMOND F. REES The Adjutant General, Oregon National Guard Major General Raymond F. Rees assumed duties as The Adjutant General for Oregon on July 1, 2005. He is responsible for providing the State of Oregon and the United States with a ready force of citizen soldiers and airmen, equipped and trained to respond to any contingency, natural or manmade. He directs, manages, and supervises the administration, discipline, organization, training and mobilization of the Oregon National Guard, the Oregon State Defense Force, the Joint Force Headquarters and the Office of Oregon Emergency Management. He is also assigned as the Governor’s Homeland Security Advisor. He develops and coordinates all policies, plans and programs of the Oregon National Guard in concert with the Governor and legislature of the State. He began his military career in the United States Army as a West Point cadet in July 1962. Prior to his current assignment, Major General Rees had numerous active duty and Army National Guard assignments to include: service in the Republic of Vietnam as a cavalry troop commander; commander of the 116th Armored Calvary Regiment; nearly nine years as the Adjutant General of Oregon; Director of the Army National Guard, National Guard Bureau; over five years service as Vice Chief, National Guard Bureau; 14 months as Acting Chief, National Guard Bureau; Chief of Staff (dual-hatted), Headquarters North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD) and United States Northern Command (USNORTHCOM). NORAD is a binational, Canada and United States command. EDUCATION: US Military Academy, West Point, New York, BS University of Oregon, JD (Law) Command and General Staff College (Honor Graduate) Command and General Staff College, Pre-Command Course Harvard University Executive Program in National and International Security Senior Reserve Component Officer Course, United States Army War College, Carlisle, Pennsylvania 1 ASSIGNMENTS: 1.
    [Show full text]
  • 2Nd INFANTRY REGIMENT
    2nd INFANTRY REGIMENT 1110 pages (approximate) Boxes 1243-1244 The 2nd Infantry Regiment was a component part of the 5th Infantry Division. This Division was activated in 1939 but did not enter combat until it landed on Utah Beach, Normandy, three days after D-Day. For the remainder of the war in Europe the Division participated in numerous operations and engagements of the Normandy, Northern France, Rhineland, Ardennes-Alsace and Central Europe campaigns. The records of the 2nd Infantry Regiment consist mostly of after action reports and journals which provide detailed accounts of the operations of the Regiment from July 1944 to May 1945. The records also contain correspondence on the early history of the Regiment prior to World War II and to its training activities in the United States prior to entering combat. Of particular importance is a file on the work of the Regiment while serving on occupation duty in Iceland in 1942. CONTAINER LIST Box No. Folder Title 1243 2nd Infantry Regiment Unit Histories January 1943-June 1944 2nd Infantry Regiment Unit Histories, July-October 1944 2nd Infantry Regiment Histories, July 1944- December 1945 2nd Infantry Regiment After Action Reports, July-September 1944 2nd Infantry Regiment After Action Reports, October-December 1944 2nd Infantry Regiment After Action Reports, January-May 1945 2nd Infantry Regiment Casualty List, 1944-1945 2nd Infantry Regiment Unit Journal, 1945 2nd Infantry Regiment Narrative History, October 1944-May 1945 2nd Infantry Regiment History Correspondence, 1934-1936 2nd Infantry
    [Show full text]
  • WHO's WHO in the WAR in EUROPE the War in Europe 7 CHARLES DE GAULLE
    who’s Who in the War in Europe (National Archives and Records Administration, 342-FH-3A-20068.) POLITICAL LEADERS Allies FRANKLIN DELANO ROOSEVELT When World War II began, many Americans strongly opposed involvement in foreign conflicts. President Roosevelt maintained official USneutrality but supported measures like the Lend-Lease Act, which provided invaluable aid to countries battling Axis aggression. After Pearl Harbor and Germany’s declaration of war on the United States, Roosevelt rallied the country to fight the Axis powers as part of the Grand Alliance with Great Britain and the Soviet Union. (Image: Library of Congress, LC-USZ62-128765.) WINSTON CHURCHILL In the 1930s, Churchill fiercely opposed Westernappeasement of Nazi Germany. He became prime minister in May 1940 following a German blitzkrieg (lightning war) against Norway, Denmark, the Netherlands, Belgium, and France. He then played a pivotal role in building a global alliance to stop the German juggernaut. One of the greatest orators of the century, Churchill raised the spirits of his countrymen through the war’s darkest days as Germany threatened to invade Great Britain and unleashed a devastating nighttime bombing program on London and other major cities. (Image: Library of Congress, LC-USW33-019093-C.) JOSEPH STALIN Stalin rose through the ranks of the Communist Party to emerge as the absolute ruler of the Soviet Union. In the 1930s, he conducted a reign of terror against his political opponents, including much of the country’s top military leadership. His purge of Red Army generals suspected of being disloyal to him left his country desperately unprepared when Germany invaded in June 1941.
    [Show full text]
  • Organization of the Roman Military 150 CE
    Organization of the Roman Military 150 CE It was the strength and proficiency of the Roman army that held the empire together against internal revolts and threats from beyond the borders. The army was unique in the classical world: a professional standing army, with state-provided weapons and armor, salaried troops, and 30 or so legions (the main body of the army) permanently stationed at garrison towns along imperial frontiers. Legions were reinforced with auxiliary troops drawn from the local population. To support the army and protect merchant shipping from piracy, Rome maintained a large navy with fleets in the Mediterranean Sea, the Atlantic Ocean, and along the Rhine and Danube Rivers. LEGION UNITS Legion A body of about 5,000 foot soldiers, uniformly legionaries (160 in first cohort centuries). There were 6 trained and equipped—similar to a modern army division. centuries in the 2nd to 10th cohorts and 5 in the first A legion was the smallest formation in the Roman army cohort. capable of sustained independent operations. Cavalry A small force of about 120 mounted legionaries Cohort (10) The distinct tactical units of a legion, each attached to each legion for escort, messenger, and about 480 men strong—equivalent in size and function to reconnaissance duties. They were not usually seen on a modern infantry battalion. The first cohort was the battlefield. approximately double strength (around 800 men) and Artillery Each legion had 60 engines (catapults). One contained the best soldiers. engine was capable of shooting yard-long, heavy bolts Century (59) An administrative unit within a cohort.
    [Show full text]