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Home , The Phantom Public

THE PUBLIC SPHERE

Edited by

Jostein Gripsrud, Hallvard Moe, Anders Molander and Graham Murdock

®SAGE Los Angeles | London | New Delhi Singapore | Washington DC Contents

Appendix of Sources Preface General Introduction Jostein Gripsrud, Hallvard Moe, Anders Molander and Graham Murdock

Volume I: Discovering the Public Sphere

Introduction: Discovering the Public Sphere Jostein Gripsrud, Hallvard Moe, Anders Molander and Graham Murdock

Section 1: Inventing the Public Sphere

1. Speech to the Electors of Bristol (1774) Edmund Burke 2. An Answer to the Question: 'What Is Enlightenment?' (1784) Immanuel Kant 3. On (1788) Alexander Hamilton 4. On Public Opinion (1789) Jacques Peuchet 5. Excerpt from Critique of the Power of Judgment (1790) Immanuel Kant 6. Public Opinion (1791) James Madison 7. Excerpt from Toward Perpetual Peace (1795) Immanuel Kant 8. Excerpt from The Liberty of the Ancients Compared with That of the Moderns (1816) Benjamin Constant 9. Excerpt from Elements of the Philosophy of Right (1821) G.W.F. Hegel vi Contents

10. Excerpt from On Liberty (1859) John Stuart Mill

Section 2: 'Mass *, and Public Opinion

11. Excerpt from Critique of Public Opinion (1922) Ferdinand Tonnies 12. The Principles of Parliamentarism (1923) Carl Schmitt 13. Excerpts from The Phantom Public (1925) 14. Excerpt from The Public and Its Problems (1927) 15. Excerpt from Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy (1942) Joseph A. Schumpeter

Section 3: The Rediscovery of the Public Sphere

16. The Public and the Private Realm (1958) Hannah Arendt 17. On Judgment and Politics (1961) Hannah Arendt 18. The Publice Sphere: An Encyclopedia Article (1964) Jiirgen Habermas 19. The Scientizatdon of Politics and Public Opinion (1964) Jiirgen Habermas 20. Introduction to Public Sphere and Experience (1972) Oskar Negt and Alexander Kluge 21. The End of Public Culture (1977) Richard Sennett

Section 4: Debating the Public Sphere

22. The Blurring of Public and Private Behaviors (1985) Joshua Meyrowitz 23. Societal Complexity and Public Opinion (1981) Niklas Luhmann 24. Rethinking the Public Sphere: A Contribution to the Critique of Actually Existing Democracy (1990) Nancy Eraser 25. Further Reflections on the Public Sphere (1992) Jiirgen Habermas Contents vii

26. The Public and the Private Sphere: A Feminist Reconsideration (1995) 293 Joan B. Landes 27. Public Intimacies, Private Citizens: Inequalities and the Pluralization of Public Spheres (2003) 317 Ken Plummer

Volume II: The Political Public Sphere

Introduction: The Political Public Sphere vii Jostein Gripsrud, Hallvard Moe, Anders Molander and Graham Murdock

Section 1: The Public Sphere and Deliberative Democracy

28. On Legitimacy and Political Deliberation (1985) 3 Bernard Manin 29. Deliberation and Democratic Legitimacy (1989) 31 Joshua Cohen 30. Civil Society Public Opinion, and Communicative Power (1992) 51 Jiirgen Habermas 31. Three Normative Models of Democracy (1994) 75 Jiirgen Habermas 32. The Sense of Reciprocity (1996) 85 Amy Gutmann and Dennis Thompson 33. The Idea of Public Reason Revisited (1997) 97 John Rawls

34. Deliberative Democracy or Agonistic Pluralism? (1999) 135 Chantal Mouffe 35. Is the Ideal of a Deliberative Democracy Coherent? (2006) 145 Cristina Lafont

Section 2: The Political Public Sphere at Work: Public Opinion

36. The Nature of Personal Influence (1944) 169 Paul Lazarsfeld, Bernard Berelson and Hazel Gaudet 37. Democratic Theory and Public Opinion (1952) 177 Bernard Berelson 38. Opinion Research and Publicness (1964) 193 Theodor W. Adorno 39. The Agenda-Setting Function of (1972) 199 Maxwell E. McCombs and Donald L. Shaw viii Contents

40. The Spiral of Silence: A Theory of Public Opinion (1974) 211 Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann 41. Public Opinion Does Not Exist (1984) 221 Pierre Bourdieu

Section 3: The Political Public Sphere at Work: Deliberation

42. Against Deliberation (1997) 233 Lynn M. Sanders 43. Deliberation as Discussion (1998) 261 James D. Fearon 44. Good Citizens and Bad History: Today's Political Ideals in Historical Perspective (2000) 281 Michael Schudson 45. Measuring Publicity's Effect: Reconciling Empirical Research and Normative Theory (2005) 297 Simone Chambers 46. Political Communication in Media Society: Does Democracy Still Enjoy an Epistemic Dimension? The Impact of Normative Theory on Empirical Research (2006) 309 Jiirgen Habermas 47. The Surprising Failures of Deliberating Groups (2006) 325 Cass R. Sunstein

48. Disaggregating Deliberation's Effects: An Experiment within a Deliberative Poll (2010) 345 Cynthia Farrar, James S. Fishkin, Donald P. Green, Christian List, Robert C. Luskin and Elizabeth Levy Paluck

Volume III: The Cultural Public Sphere

Introduction: The Cultural Public Sphere ix Jostein Gripsrud, Hallvard Moe, Anders Molander and Graham Murdock

Section 1: Aesthetics, Ethics, Politics

1.1. Discourses and Institutions

49. The Dialectic of the Aesthetic Power of Judgment (1790) 3 Immanuel Kant

50. Letter to M. d'Alembert on the Theatre (1758) 13 Jean-Jacques Rousseau 51. Theater Considered as a Moral Institution (1784) Friedrich Schiller 52. Institutions of the Public Sphere (1962) Jiirgen Habermas 53. Society (1970) Theodor W. Adorno

1.2. Aesthetic Experience and Political Impact 54. On the Social Function of Literature (1970) Hans Robert Jauss

55. Tales of Sound and Fury: Observations on the Family Melodrama (1972) Thomas Elsaesser

56. History as Entertainment and Provocation: The TV Series 'Holocausf in West Germany (1980) Siegfried Zielinski 57. On Theatre (1977) Bertolt Brecht 58. On Uncle Tom's Cabin (2007) Henry Louis Gates Jr and Hollis Robbins

Section 2: Publics and Markets

2.1. Publics and Readers

59. The Bourgeois Family and the Institutionalization of a Privateness Oriented to an Audience (1962) Jiirgen Habermas 60. The Reading Public and the Rise of the Novel (1957) Ian Watt 61. Early Cinema: Whose Public Sphere? (1990) Miriam Hansen

2.2. Perspectives on Media and the Modern Public 62. Reconsidered (1975) Theodor W. Adorno 63. Free Time (1969) Theodor W. Adorno 64. Human Interest Stories and Democracy (1937) Helen MacGill Hughes 65. Celebrity Culture and Public Connection: Bridge or Chasm? (2006) Nick Couldry and Tim Markham 66. Public Service Broadcasting and Modern Public Life (1989) Paddy Scanned. x Contents

67. The Cultural Public Sphere (2005) 263 Jim McGuigan 68. Beyond the Semantic 'Big Bang: Cultural Sociology and an Aesthetic Public Sphere (2007) 279 Paul! Jones

Section 3: Identity, Identification and Imagination

69. The Origins of National Consciousness (1983) 305 Benedict Anderson 70. Suppose James Brown Read Fanon: The Black Arts Movement, Cultural Nationalism and the Failure of Popular Musical Praxis (2008) 313 Michael Hanson 71. This Book Changes Lives: The 'Consciousness-Raising Novel' and Its Legacy (2003) 345 Imelda Whelehan and Maroula Joannou

' 72. Taking Sides (1999) 359 Luc Boltanski 73. The Discourse of Global Compassion: The Audience and Media Reporting of Human Suffering (2004) 375 Birgitta Hoijer

Section 4: Cultural Policy and the Public Sphere

74. Can a Liberal State Support Art? (1985) 397 Ronald Dworkin 75. The Media and the Public Sphere (1986) 409 Nicholas Garnham 76. Learning from Experience: Cultural Policies and Cultural Democracy in the 20th Century (2000) 425 Jostein Gripsrud 77. Building the Digital Commons: Public Broadcasting in the Age of the Internet (2005) 437 Graham Murdock

Volume IV: The Future of the Public Sphere

Introduction: The Future of the Public Sphere Jostein Gripsrud, Hallvard Moe, Anders Molander and Graham Murdock Section 1: The Internet as a Public Sphere

78. Cyberdemocracy: Internet and the Public Sphere (1997) Mark Poster

79. Democracy Online: Civility, Politeness, and the Democratic Potential of Online Political Discussion Groups (2004) Zizi Papacharissi 80. Dismantling the Digital Divide: Rethinking the Dynamics of Participation and Exclusion (2004) Graham Murdock and Peter Golding 81. The Internet, Public Spheres, and Political Communication: Dispersion and Deliberation (2005) Peter Dahlgren 82. Whose Voice Is Heard in Online Deliberation? A Study of Participation and Representation in Political Debates on the Internet (2006) Steffen Albrecht

Section 2: Fragmentation and Segmentation

83. Public Sphere or Public Sphericules? (1998) Todd Gitlin 84. Publicity (1998) John Keane 85. Against the Tide? Small Groups, Social Movements, and the Net (2001) Robert D. Putnam 86. On Power Law Distributions, Network Topology, and Being Heard (2006) Yochai Benkler

87. Neither Hayek nor Habermas (2008) Cass R. Sunstein

Section 3: Difference and Deliberation

88. Difference as a Resource for Democratic Communication (1997) Iris Marion Young 89. Deliberative Democracy, Self-determination, and Multiculturalism (2002) Seyla Benhabib 90. Religion in the Public Sphere (2006) Jiirgen Habermas xii Contents

Section 4: Transnational Public Spheres

91. National and Transnational Public Spheres (1999) 229 Bernhardt Peters 92. Expanding Dialogue: The Internet, the Public Sphere and Prospects for Transnational Democracy (2004) 239 James Bohman

93. Beyond Migration: Islam as a Transnational Public Space (2004) 265 John R. Bowen 94. Television and the European Public Sphere (2007) 283 Jostein Gripsrud 95. Transnationalizing the Public Sphere: On the Legitimacy and Efficacy of Public Opinion in a Post-Westphalian World (2007) 297 Nancy Fraser

96. Global 24/7 News Providers: Emissaries of Global Dominance or Global Public Sphere? (2008) 321 Simon Cottle and Mugdha Rai 97. The New Public Sphere: Global Civil Society, Communication Networks, and Global Governance (2008) 345 Manuel CasteUs

98. Uniting and Dividing: The European Public Sphere as an Unfinished Project (2009) 363 Hans-Jbrg Trenz

99. Pressure on Press Freedom: The Current Religious War on Freedom of Expression (2009) 381 Frederik Stjernfelt