Wendell M. Stanley Papers, 1926-1972

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Wendell M. Stanley Papers, 1926-1972 http://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/tf3p3003vc No online items Guide to the Wendell M. Stanley papers, 1926-1972 Processed by Roberto Landazuri; completed by Leticia Johnson and Lauren Lassleben The Bancroft Library. University of California, Berkeley Berkeley, California, 94720-6000 Phone: (510) 642-6481 Fax: (510) 642-7589 Email: [email protected] URL: http://bancroft.berkeley.edu © 1999 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. Note History -- History, University of California -- History, UC BerkeleyHistory -- History, CaliforniaGeographical (By Place) -- CaliforniaPhysical Science -- Chemistry Guide to the Wendell M. Stanley BANC MSS 78/18 c 1 papers, 1926-1972 Guide to the Wendell M. Stanley Papers, 1926-1972 Collection number: BANC MSS 78/18 c The Bancroft Library University of California, Berkeley Berkeley, California Contact Information: The Bancroft Library. University of California, Berkeley Berkeley, California, 94720-6000 Phone: (510) 642-6481 Fax: (510) 642-7589 Email: [email protected] URL: http://bancroft.berkeley.edu Processed by: Roberto Landazuri completed by: Leticia Johnson and Lauren Lassleben Date Completed: November, 1998 Encoded by: Xiuzhi Zhou © 1999 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. Collection Summary Collection Title: Wendell M. Stanley Papers, Date (inclusive): 1926-1972 Collection Number: BANC MSS 78/18 c Creator: Stanley, Wendell M. (Wendell Meredith), 1904- Extent: Number of containers:22 cartonsLinear feet: 27.5 Repository: The Bancroft Library. Berkeley, California 94720-6000 Physical Location: For current information on the location of these materials, please consult the Library's online catalog. Abstract: Papers document the career and activities of Wendell M. Stanley through correspondence; his writings including research notes, speeches, and draft articles; and papers submitted by his colleagues at the UC Berkeley Virus Laboratory. Other materials include news clippings about Stanley, and congratulatory letters and telegrams for his 1946 Nobel Prize. Topics relating to his non-research activities, such as participation in committees, boards, symposia and administration of the Virus Laboratory, are also present. Of the UC Berkeley committees, of particular interest are materials relating to his tenure on the Committee on Academic Freedom (which met during the "Loyalty Oath" controversy of 1949-1951), and on the Committee on Education in the Health Sciences. Guide to the Wendell M. Stanley BANC MSS 78/18 c 2 papers, 1926-1972 Languages Represented: English Access Collection is open for research. Publication Rights Copyright has not been assigned to The Bancroft Library. All requests for permission to publish or quote from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Head of Public Services. Permission for publication is given on behalf of The Bancroft Library as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the reader. Preferred Citation [Identification of item], Wendell M. Stanley papers, BANC MSS 78/18 c, The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley. Material Cataloged Separately Photographs transferred to the Pictorial Collections of The Bancroft Library Identifier/Call Number: (BANC PIC 1988.031--C) Acquisition Information The Wendell M. Stanley Papers were given to The Bancroft Library in April, 1973 by Mrs. Marion Jay Stanley. Biography Wendell Meredith Stanley was born in Ridgeville, Indiana on August 16, 1904. His parents, James G. and Claire (Plessinger) Stanley, published two local newspapers, the Ridgeville News and the Union City Eagle. When his father died in 1920, the Stanleys moved to Richmond, Indiana where Wendell graduated from Richmond High School in 1922. He attended Earlham College, where an ancestor had donated ground for the college with the provison that all bearing the Stanley name should be given special consideration. At Earlham, Stanley majored in chemistry and mathematics, but his dominant interest was athletics, particularly football. Captain of the football team in his senior year and selected for the Indiana All-State College Team, he wanted to work as an athletic coach. But an introduction to Professor Roger Adams, a well-known organic chemist and head of the Chemistry Department at the University of Illinois at Champaign-Urbana, kindled in Stanley an interest in chemistry as a profession, particularly in the area of medical research. Stanley spent nearly four years at the University of Illinois, majoring in organic chemistry, with physical chemistry and bacteriology as minors (M.S. 1927, Ph.D. 1929). During that time, he held several teaching and research assistantships (this work resulted in Stanley's two earliest published papers, in 1927 and 1929, the first of some 190 publications), and was an instructor in chemistry. During the course of a research assistantship with Roger Adams, Stanley met another graduate student doing similar work, Marion Staples Jay, and they were married in 1929. After completing his doctorate, Stanley worked with Adams as a research associate for another year, investigating the stereoisomerism of diphenyl compounds. His interest in this area led to a National Research Fellowship at the Münich laboratory of Heinrich Wieland in 1930-1931. Upon his return to the United States in 1931, Stanley accepted a position at the New York Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research. For a year he worked with noted cell physiologist W. J. V. Osterhout. In 1932, Simon Flexner and Louis Otto Kunkel invited Stanley to join their staff at the Rockefeller Institute's Department of Plant and Animal Pathology in Princeton, New Jersey, where he rose from Assistant to Associate (1935-1937) to Associate Member (1937- 1940) to Member (1940-1948). Like Flexner and Kunkel, Stanley was interested in the possibilities of chemical rather than biological studies on viruses--then a largely uncharted area of scientific investigation--and he began studying the chemistry of plant virus proteins, particularly that of tobacco mosaic. Late in 1934, Stanley was able to isolate a crystalline material (later identified as a nucleoprotein) possessing the properties of tobacco mosaic virus. This development not only challenged the prevalent belief that viruses were submicroscopic organisms, but also altered fundamental ideas concerning the nature of living matter. During World War II, Stanley was appointed a consultant to the Secretary of War and a member of the Army Commission on Influenza, directing a project that resulted in the development of a centrifuge-purified influenza vaccine. By the end of the war, Stanley's work had garnered numerous awards: the American Association for the Advancement of Science Prize in 1937, Harvard Medical School's Isaac Adler Prize, the University of Chicago's Rosenberger Medal, and the City of Philadelphia's John Scott Medal, all in 1938; the American Institute's Gold Medal in 1941; a Copernican Citation in 1943; and the American Chemical Society's Nichols Medal in 1946. It was no surprise when his work with viruses was awarded the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1946. Stanley shared the prize that year with his colleague at the Rockefeller Institute, John H. Northrop, and with James B. Sumner of Cornell University. He went on to win many other awards, including a Presidential Certificate of Merit (1948) and a Modern Medicine Award (1958) for his influenza work; awards from the Guide to the Wendell M. Stanley BANC MSS 78/18 c 3 papers, 1926-1972 American Cancer Society in 1959 and 1963; the City of Hope Medical Progress Award in 1962; the Fellow Award of the American Phytopathological Society in 1965; and the American Medical Association's Scientific Achievement Award in 1966. Dr. Stanley's achievements were also recognized in other countries: the Government of Japan awarded him the Second Class Order of the Rising Sun in 1966, and in 1970 he was elected a Foreign Associate Member of the French Academy of Sciences of the Institute of France. Dr. Stanley came to Berkeley in 1948, where he founded the Virus Laboratory, a new Department of Biochemistry and in 1958 a Department of Virology (these were expanded in 1964 to become the Department of Molecular Biology). As Director of the Virus Laboratory and chairman of the departments mentioned above, Stanley was not only responsible for the training of many distinguished scientists, but he also supervised research ranging from electron microscopy to chemical genetics, which led to important advancements in the study of poliomyelitis and other virus-driven diseases. As early as 1956, one year after the historic isolation of the polio virus in his Virus Laboratory, Stanley asserted his belief that the origins of cancer lay in a virus, and that a cancer cure might be based on virological studies. In addition to his research activities, Stanley was interested in educating new generations of scientists. He lectured widely throughout his career, both as part of honorary lectureships such as U.C. Berkeley's Hitchcock Professorship, Cornell's Messenger Lectureship and Princeton's Vanuxem Lectures, and on television and radio. He served on the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the American Philosophical Society, and the American Society of Biological Chemists, and on the National Advisory Cancer Council of the United States Public Health Service. He was a member of many national committees and panels
Recommended publications
  • 2008-Annual-Report.Pdf
    whitehead institute 2008 AnnuAl RepoRt. a year in the life of a scientific community empowered to explore biology’s most fundamental questions for the betterment of human health. whitehead institute 2008 annual report a Preserving the mission, contents facing the future 1 preserving the mission, it’s customary in this space to recount and reflect facing the future on the accomplishments of the year gone by. i’ll certainly do so here—proudly—but in many 5 scientific achievement important ways, 2008 was about positioning the institute for years to come. 15 principal investigators many colleges, universities, and independent 30 whitehead fellows research institutions found themselves in dire fiscal positions at the close of 2008 and entered 34 community evolution 2009 in operational crisis reflective of the global economic environment. hiring freezes and large- 40 honor roll of donors scale workforce reductions have become the norm. although whitehead institute is certainly not 46 financial summary insulated from the impact of the downturn, i am 48 leadership pleased and somewhat humbled to report that the institute remains financially strong and no less 49 sited for science committed to scientific excellence. david page, director over the past two years, we have been engaged in a focused effort to increase efficiency and editor & direCtor reduce our administrative costs, with the explicit goal of ensuring that as much of the institute’s matt fearer revenue as possible directly supports Whitehead research. Our approach, which has resulted in assoCiate editor nicole giese a 10-percent reduction in operational expense, has been carefully considered. every decision offiCe of CommuniCation and PubliC affairs has been evaluated not just for its potential effects on our scientific mission, but also for 617.258.5183 www.whitehead.mit.edu possible consequences to the whitehead community and its unique culture.
    [Show full text]
  • Curriculum Vitae Prof. Dr. John Howard Northrop
    Curriculum Vitae Prof. Dr. John Howard Northrop Name: John Howard Northrop Lebensdaten: 5. Juli 1891 ‐ 27. Mai 1987 John Howard Northrop war ein US‐amerikanischer Biochemiker, Biophysiker und Bakteriologe. Er lieferte Arbeiten zur Charakterisierung von Proteinen. Darüber hinaus listete er Grundsätze auf, die bei der Isolierung und Reindarstellung von Enzymen generell beobachtet werden können. Außerdem entwickelte er experimentelle Methoden, mit denen nachgewiesen werden konnte, dass kristallisierte Proteine reine Verbindungen sind, die volle Enzymaktivität besitzen. Für die Darstellung von Enzymen und Virusproteinen in reiner Form wurde er 1946 gemeinsam mit seinem Landsmann, dem Biochemiker Wendell Meredith Stanley, mit dem Nobelpreis für Chemie ausgezeichnet. Akademischer und beruflicher Werdegang John Howard Northrop studierte ab 1908 Chemie und Zoologie an der Columbia University in New York. Die Ausbildung schloss er 1912 mit einem Bachelor of Science ab. Ein Jahr später erhielt er den Master of Arts. 1915 wurde er im Fach Chemie promoviert. Im Anschluss war er mit einem Stipendium am Jacques Loeb Laboratory tätig, das zum Rockefeller Institute gehört. 1916 nahm man ihn in den Mitarbeiterstab des Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research auf, 1924 wurde er Vollmitglied. Northrop blieb dort bis zu seiner Emeritierung im Jahr 1961. Während des Ersten Weltkriegs verpflichtete sich Northrop für den Kriegsdienst. Er war im Rang eines Hauptmanns tätig. Nach Kriegsende wandte er sich wieder seiner Forschungsarbeit am Rockefeller Institute in New York zu. 1939 war Northrop Gastprofessor an der University of California; ein Jahr später Lektor an der John Hopkins University. 1942 wurde er in die National Defense Research Commission berufen, ein Gremium, über das die amerikanische Forschung während des Zweiten Weltkriegs koordiniert Nationale Akademie der Wissenschaften Leopoldina www.leopoldina.org 1 wurde.
    [Show full text]
  • Plant Viruses
    Western Plant Diagnostic Network1 First Detector News A Quarterly Pest Update for WPDN First Detectors Spring 2015 edition, volume 8, number 2 In this Issue Page 1: Editor’s Note Dear First Detectors, Pages 2 – 3: Intro to Plant Plant viruses cause many important plant diseases and are Viruses responsible for huge losses in crop production and quality in Page 4: Virus nomenclature all parts of the world. Plant viruses can spread very quickly because many are vectored by insects such as aphids and Page 5 – Most Serious World Plant Viruses & Symptoms whitefly. They are a major pest of crop production as well as major pests of home gardens. By mid-summer many fields, Pages 6 – 7: Plant Virus vineyards, orchards, and gardens will see the effects of plant Vectors viruses. The focus of this edition is the origin, discovery, taxonomy, vectors, and the effects of virus infection in Pages 7 - 10: Grapevine plants. There is also a feature article on grapevine viruses. Viruses And, as usual, there are some pest updates from the West. Page 10: Pest Alerts On June 16 – 18, the WPDN is sponsoring the second Invasive Snail and Slug workshop at UC Davis. The workshop Contact us at the WPDN Regional will be recorded and will be posted on the WPDN and NPDN Center at UC Davis: home pages. Have a great summer and here’s hoping for Phone: 530 754 2255 rain! Email: [email protected] Web: https://wpdn.org Please find the NPDN family of newsletters at: Editor: Richard W. Hoenisch @Copyright Regents of the Newsletters University of California All Rights Reserved Western Plant Diagnostic Network News Plant Viruses 2 Ag, Manitoba Photo courtesy Photo Food, and Rural Initiatives and Food, of APS Photo by Giovanni Martelli, U of byBari Giovanni Photo Grapevine Fanleaf Virus Peanut leaf with Squash Mosaic Virus tomato spotted wilt virus Viruses are infectious pathogens that are too small to be seen with a light microscope, but despite their small size they can cause chaos.
    [Show full text]
  • Herbert Charles Brown, a Biographical Memoir
    NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES H E R B E R T Ch ARLES BROWN 1 9 1 2 — 2 0 0 4 A Biographical Memoir by E I-I CH I N EGIS HI Any opinions expressed in this memoir are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Academy of Sciences. Biographical Memoir COPYRIGHT 2008 NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES WASHINGTON, D.C. Photograph Credit Here. HERBERT CHARLES BROWN May 22, 1912–December 19, 2004 BY EI -ICH I NEGISHI ERBERT CHARLES BROWN, R. B. Wetherill Research Profes- Hsor Emeritus of Purdue University and one of the truly pioneering giants in the field of organic-organometallic chemistry, died of a heart attack on December 19, 2004, at age 92. As it so happened, this author visited him at his home to discuss with him an urgent chemistry-related matter only about 10 hours before his death. For his age he appeared well, showing no sign of his sudden death the next morn- ing. His wife, Sarah Baylen Brown, 89, followed him on May 29, 2005. They were survived by their only child, Charles A. Brown of Hitachi Ltd. and his family. H. C. Brown shared the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1979 with G. Wittig of Heidelberg, Germany. Their pioneering explorations of boron chemistry and phosphorus chemistry, respectively, were recognized. Aside from several biochemists, including V. du Vigneaud in 1955, H. C. Brown was only the second American organic chemist to win a Nobel Prize behind R. B. Woodward, in 1965. His several most significant contribu- tions in the area of boron chemistry include (1) codiscovery of sodium borohyride (1972[1], pp.
    [Show full text]
  • Alumni Newsletter
    ALUMNI NEWSLETTER SCHOOL OF CHEMICAL SCIENCES UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS at Urbana-Champaign NO. 11, WINTER 1976-77 The State of the Union (Comments by H. S. Gutowsky, director of the School of Chemical Sciences) Following the tradition of the last three issues of the Alumni Newsletter, I have put together a synopsis of some selected material that appears in much more detail in the 1975-76 Annual Report of the School of Chemical Sci­ ences and is not covered elsewhere in this issue. If you would like more details, let me know and I will be happy to forward you a copy of the com­ plete annual report. Instructional Program Two steps were taken dw·ing the past year to address the fact that 75 per­ cent or more of our chemistry graduates take positions in industry without learning much in their programs about the nature of industrial careers. Professor Peter Beak organized a special topics course, Chemistry 433, Re­ search in Industry, given in the fall semester. Early in the course, Dr. J. K. Stille from the University of Iowa presented a series of ten lectures on the fundamentals of industrial and polymer chemistry. This was followed by eleven weekly lectures from industrial speakers active in chemical roles. The program attracted a good deal of interest among our students and staff and its beneficial effects were visible to industrial recruiters interviewing here near its end. The second step was the inauguration of a cooperative program with Monsanto Company (St. Louis) for the summer employment of graduate students. Three entering graduate students participated in the summer of 1976, and it is hoped to extend the program to a larger number of students (and other companies) as well as to faculty next summer.
    [Show full text]
  • Poliomyelitis in the Lone Star State
    POLIOMYELITIS IN THE LONE STAR STATE: A BRIEF EXAMINATION IN RURAL AND URBAN COMMUNITIES THESIS Presented to the Graduate Council of Texas State University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree Master of Arts By Jason C. Lee San Marcos, Texas December, 2005 Insert signature page here ii COPYRIGHT By Jason Chu Lee 2005 iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS It leaves me in a stupor to contemplate all those I have to thank for aiding me in this effort. If I leave anybody out, please accept my most humble apologies, as the list is long. I will be the first to admit that this work is flawed, despite the best efforts of my committee to save me from myself. Had I utilized them more, this piece would only be improved. I had never undertaken a project of this scope before and though I believe I have accomplished much, the experience has been humbling. Never again will I utter the phrase, “just a thesis.” My biggest thanks go out to Dr. Mary Brennan, my committee chair and mentor. Without her guidance I most certainly would have needed to take comprehensive finals to graduate. She helped me salvage weeks of research that I thought had no discernable use. But Dr. Brennan, despite her very, very busy schedule with the department and her family, still found the time to help me find my thesis in all the data. She is well loved in the department for obvious reasons, as she has a gift for being firm and professional while remaining compassionate. Dr. James Wilson and Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Dr Sabin's Legacy to the World Jaime Sepulveda
    World Health • 46th Year, No . 3, Moy-June 1993 IS Dr Sabin's legacy to the world Jaime Sepulveda oliomyelitis has been eradicated Poliomyelitis acquired epidemic from the Americas and other proportions in the Americas at the end Pareas, and is expected to be of the last century, mainly in the most eliminated from the world by 1995. developed regions. In Mexico, the first This outstanding achievement has epidemic outbreaks started in the been made possible thanks to the 1940s and caused many victims. The availability of an excellent vaccine oral poliovaccine was made available coupled with successful vaccination in Mexico in the early 1960s. programmes. Few actions in public Coverage was low then, and mainly health have become so deservedly concentrated among well-to-do prestigious as the vaccination children. In the 1970s, a new national campatgns. programme reached much greater The first major achievement of the numbers of children and poliomyelitis immunization effort was the cases began to drop. eradication from the world of However, it was not until1985 that smallpox in the late 1970s. But the a new polio immunization initiative success with smallpox is only the took place, with the goal of reaching all children, regardless of social status Or Albert Bruce Sobin, who perfected the first most visible component of all the viable live vaccine against polio. many benefits conferred by or geographic location. This new immunization programmes strategy, focusing on "National worldwide. Not only have they Vaccination Days", was originally brought about the survival of children proposed by Professor Albert Sabin, who would otherwise have died; they the US scientist who developed the have greatly enhanced the quality of oral poliomyelitis vaccine.
    [Show full text]
  • A History of Maryland's Electoral College Meetings 1789-2016
    A History of Maryland’s Electoral College Meetings 1789-2016 A History of Maryland’s Electoral College Meetings 1789-2016 Published by: Maryland State Board of Elections Linda H. Lamone, Administrator Project Coordinator: Jared DeMarinis, Director Division of Candidacy and Campaign Finance Published: October 2016 Table of Contents Preface 5 The Electoral College – Introduction 7 Meeting of February 4, 1789 19 Meeting of December 5, 1792 22 Meeting of December 7, 1796 24 Meeting of December 3, 1800 27 Meeting of December 5, 1804 30 Meeting of December 7, 1808 31 Meeting of December 2, 1812 33 Meeting of December 4, 1816 35 Meeting of December 6, 1820 36 Meeting of December 1, 1824 39 Meeting of December 3, 1828 41 Meeting of December 5, 1832 43 Meeting of December 7, 1836 46 Meeting of December 2, 1840 49 Meeting of December 4, 1844 52 Meeting of December 6, 1848 53 Meeting of December 1, 1852 55 Meeting of December 3, 1856 57 Meeting of December 5, 1860 60 Meeting of December 7, 1864 62 Meeting of December 2, 1868 65 Meeting of December 4, 1872 66 Meeting of December 6, 1876 68 Meeting of December 1, 1880 70 Meeting of December 3, 1884 71 Page | 2 Meeting of January 14, 1889 74 Meeting of January 9, 1893 75 Meeting of January 11, 1897 77 Meeting of January 14, 1901 79 Meeting of January 9, 1905 80 Meeting of January 11, 1909 83 Meeting of January 13, 1913 85 Meeting of January 8, 1917 87 Meeting of January 10, 1921 88 Meeting of January 12, 1925 90 Meeting of January 2, 1929 91 Meeting of January 4, 1933 93 Meeting of December 14, 1936
    [Show full text]
  • National Academy of Sciences July 1, 1979 Officers
    NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES JULY 1, 1979 OFFICERS Term expires President-PHILIP HANDLER June 30, 1981 Vice-President-SAUNDERS MAC LANE June 30, 1981 Home Secretary-BRYCE CRAWFORD,JR. June 30, 1983 Foreign Secretary-THOMAS F. MALONE June 30, 1982 Treasurer-E. R. PIORE June 30, 1980 Executive Officer Comptroller Robert M. White David Williams COUNCIL Abelson, Philip H. (1981) Markert,C. L. (1980) Berg, Paul (1982) Nierenberg,William A. (1982) Berliner, Robert W. (1981) Piore, E. R. (1980) Bing, R. H. (1980) Ranney, H. M. (1980) Crawford,Bryce, Jr. (1983) Simon, Herbert A. (1981) Friedman, Herbert (1982) Solow, R. M. (1980) Handler, Philip (1981) Thomas, Lewis (1982) Mac Lane, Saunders (1981) Townes, Charles H. (1981) Malone, Thomas F. (1982) Downloaded by guest on September 30, 2021 SECTIONS The Academyis divided into the followingSections, to which membersare assigned at their own choice: (11) Mathematics (31) Engineering (12) Astronomy (32) Applied Biology (13) Physics (33) Applied Physical and (14) Chemistry Mathematical Sciences (15) Geology (41) Medical Genetics Hema- (16) Geophysics tology, and Oncology (21) Biochemistry (42) Medical Physiology, En- (22) Cellularand Develop- docrinology,and Me- mental Biology tabolism (23) Physiological and Phar- (43) Medical Microbiology macologicalSciences and Immunology (24) Neurobiology (51) Anthropology (25) Botany (52) Psychology (26) Genetics (53) Social and Political Sci- (27) Population Biology, Evo- ences lution, and Ecology (54) Economic Sciences In the alphabetical list of members,the numbersin parentheses, followingyear of election, indicate the respective Class and Section of the member. CLASSES The members of Sections are grouped in the following Classes: I. Physical and Mathematical Sciences (Sections 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16).
    [Show full text]
  • Renato Dulbecco
    BIOLOGIE ET HISTOIRE Renato Dulbecco Renato Dulbecco : de la virologie à la cancérologie F.N.R. RENAUD 1 résumé Né en Italie, Renato Dulbecco fait de brillantes études médicales mais est plus intéressé par la recherche en biologie que par la pratique médicale. Accueilli par Giuseppe Levi, il apprend l’histologie et la culture cellulaire avant de rejoindre le laboratoire de S.E. Luria puis celui de M. Delbrück pour travailler sur les systèmes bactéries-bactériophages puis sur la relation cellules-virus. Il met au point la méthode des plages de lyse virales sur des cultures cellulaires. Il est aussi à l’origine de la virologie tumorale moléculaire. D. Baltimore, HM Temin et lui-même sont récompensés par le prix Nobel de médecine et physiologie en 1975 pour leurs travaux sur l'interaction entre les virus tumoraux et le matériel génétique du matériel cellulaire. Très tourné vers les aspects pratiques et expérimentaux de la recherche, il est resté le plus long - temps possible à la paillasse et a initié un très grand nombre de jeunes chercheurs. mots-clés : culture cellulaire, virologie tumorale, plages de lyse, bactériophages. I. - LA JEUNESSE DE RENATO DULBECCO C'est à Catanzaro, capitale régionale de la Calabre en Italie, que naît Renato Dulbecco le 22 février 1914. Sa mère est Calabraise et son père Ligurien. Il ne reste que très peu de temps dans le sud de l’Italie, car son père est mobilisé et sa famille doit déménager dans le nord à Cuneo, puis à Turin. À la fin de la guerre, la famille Dulbeco s'ins - talle à Imperia en Ligurie.
    [Show full text]
  • The March of Dimes and Polio: Lessons in Vaccine Advocacy for Health Educators
    Feature Article The March of Dimes and Polio: Lessons in Vaccine Advocacy for Health Educators Dawn Larsen ABSTRACT The polio vaccine became available in 1955, due almost entirely to the efforts of the March of Dimes. In 1921, Franklin Roosevelt gave a public face to polio and mounted a campaign to prevent it, establishing the National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis in 1938. During the Depression, U.S. citizens were asked to contribute one dime. Entertainer Eddie Cantor suggested the name the March of Dimes, paraphrasing the popular newsreel “The March of Time.” Jonas Salk advocated a killed-virus vaccine while Albert Sabin proposed a live-virus vaccine. Both competed for both recognition and funding from the March of Dimes. In 1955 Salk’s vaccine was adopted, nationwide vaccination programs were implemented, and polio rates dropped by 80 percent. In 1961, Sabin’s vaccine, endorsed by the American Medical Association, became the vaccine of choice. The World Health Assembly advocated polio eradication by the year 2000. By 2004 eradication efforts were threatened by allegations linking vaccines to chronic diseases. Immunization dropped and polio resurfaced in the U.S., Australia, Africa and Russia. Research linking vaccines to chronic disease was dis- credited, but vaccine opponents remain active. Health educators are well positioned to mitigate damage caused by the anti-vaccine movement and address barriers to immunization efforts. Larsen D. The March of Dimes and polio: lessons in vaccine advocacy for health educators. Am J Health Educ. 2012;43(1):47-54. Submitted May 30, 2011. Accepted July 9, 2011. In 2008, The March of Dimes cel- prenatal health promotion programs, and of the virus that has been ranked second ebrated its 70th anniversary.
    [Show full text]
  • UC San Diego UC San Diego Electronic Theses and Dissertations
    UC San Diego UC San Diego Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title The new prophet : Harold C. Urey, scientist, atheist, and defender of religion Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3j80v92j Author Shindell, Matthew Benjamin Publication Date 2011 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO The New Prophet: Harold C. Urey, Scientist, Atheist, and Defender of Religion A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in History (Science Studies) by Matthew Benjamin Shindell Committee in charge: Professor Naomi Oreskes, Chair Professor Robert Edelman Professor Martha Lampland Professor Charles Thorpe Professor Robert Westman 2011 Copyright Matthew Benjamin Shindell, 2011 All rights reserved. The Dissertation of Matthew Benjamin Shindell is approved, and it is acceptable in quality and form for publication on microfilm and electronically: ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ Chair University of California, San Diego 2011 iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Signature Page……………………………………………………………………...... iii Table of Contents……………………………………………………………………. iv Acknowledgements………………………………………………………………….
    [Show full text]